Full transcript of “09 Uni Life Basic First Aid introduction information 2025”. Click a timestamp to open the video at that moment. Need another video? Use the YouTube transcript generator.
0:09 preventing cross infection is a critical part of first aid to ensure the safety of both the responder and the patient cross infection refers to the spread of harmful bacteria viruses or pathogens between individuals often through direct contact with blood bodily fluids or contaminated materials to to minimize this risk always follow strict preventative measures Begin by wearing disposable gloves to avoid direct skin contact with blood or fluids for example if you're treating a deep wound with heavy bleeding gloves will protect both you and the patient from potential infections in situations with a higher risk of splashes such as managing arterial bleeding use additional
0:54 barriers like face masks eye protection and aprons to Shield yourself from exposure Ure after providing care practice thorough hand hygiene by washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based sanitizer always do this before and after treating the patient proper waste disposal is also crucial discard gloves dressings and other contaminated items in a biohazard bag or a sealed container never reuse single use items as this increases the risk of spreading infection for reusable tools like scissors or forceps clean them with appropriate disinfectants immediately after use also disinfect any surfaces or
1:40 equipment that might have been exposed to blood or fluids to ensure no pathogens remain cautions are essential in preventing cross infection never touch your face mouth or eyes while treating a patient as this can transfer pathogens into your body always assume that all bodily fluids could potentially carry infectious diseases even if the patient appears healthy imagine you're treating a patient who's bleeding from a fall you wear gloves and dispose of the used bandages in a biohazard bag afterward you clean your scissors with disinfectant and wash your hands thoroughly by following these steps you've minimized the risk of infection to yourself and the patient preventing cross infection is a
2:26 Cornerstone of safe and effective first aid by adhering to these guidelines you can protect yourself while providing essential care to those in [Music] need handwashing is the most important infection control technique disinfect your hands whenever they are visibly dirty or contaminated and before having any contact with clients putting on gloves and performing any procedure also disinfect your hands after having contact with a client's skin having contact with bodily fluids excretions non- intact skin wound dressings contaminated items after using the
3:13 bathroom after touching garbage and after removing gloves so how do we practice proper hand washing well washing your hands with soap and water is the best way to reduce the number of germs in most situations if soap and water are not available use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol alcohol-based hand sanitizers can quickly reduce the number of microbes on hands in some situations but sanitizers do not eliminate all types of germs now let's cover the proper use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer remember this is going to be in indicated when appropriate by your policy procedure or by your industry so it's there's a
3:59 couple things we want to really make sure we clarify when using this alcohol-based hand sanitizer uh for appropriate disinfection of our hands that is that we need enough in our hand that it fills the palm of one hand we're going to then spread this all around the Palms on top of the hands at least for 20 seconds making sure to get it in around the cuticles underneath the nail beds if you have jewelry on make sure that it's getting all the way underneath the jewelry and then if you might have more particulate underneath there you may have to remove the jewelry and clean that appropriately as well at a later point but we want to get all the way around all around the wrists all the little wrinkles in our hands and we're going to continue to work this into our hands and skin until dry or at least 20
4:46 seconds now if you have a watch on which is very appropriate for medical personnel or people that have to be able to watch the second hand um and you think that it could be contaminated will remove this using prop ER personal protective equipment before we do this and then sanitize the jewelry or the objects as appropriate um following the engineering controls and the work practice controls covered under the bloodborne pathogens rule use soap water if the hands are visibly dirty use disposable towels to turn the sink faucet on thoroughly wet your hands with water apply soap rub your hands together for at least 20 seconds covering all surfaces be sure to cover the backs of
5:32 your hands between your fingers and under your nails rinse under running water and dry with disposable towel use the towel to turn off the faucet catastrophic bleeding refers to severe uncontrolled blood loss that poses an immediate threat to life this type of bleeding is most often the result of traumatic injuries such as amputations deep lacerations or gunshot wounds where significant blood vessels are damaged without Swift action catastrophic bleeding can lead to Rapid deterioration and death within minutes recognizing the signs of
6:17 catastrophic bleeding is essential for an effective response the most obvious sign is spurting blood which indicates arterial bleeding caused by the high pressure in the arteries in other cases you might see pulling blood from a wound especially in areas with large blood vessels like the thigh or abdomen another indicator is the rapid loss of blood which can lead to symptoms such as P weakness and even loss of consciousness as the body struggles to maintain circulation if you notice blood soaking rapidly through dressings it's a clear sign that the bleeding is severe and requires immediate attention in situations like these quick action is critical to control the bleeding and stabilize the patient the
7:04 use of techniques like direct pressure toretes or wound packing can make the difference between life and death always remember to call for emergency medical assistance while you work to stop the bleeding in the case of catastrophic bleeding quick and effective intervention is critical to saving a life here are the immediate response steps you should follow first a apply direct pressure to the wound use a sterile dressing or a clean cloth to firmly press down on the bleeding site this helps to slow or stop the blood flow if the bleeding persists avoid lifting the dressing as this can disturb plotting instead add another layer on top and continue to apply
7:50 pressure for severe bleeding from extremities a Toray may be necessary place the Toray 5 to 7 cm 2 to 3 in above the wound making sure to avoid joints tighten it until the bleeding stops completely once applied make a note of the time because a tournay should not remain in place for more than 2 hours to prevent further tissue damage if the wound is in an area where a toric cannot be applied such as the groin or neck you can use the wound packing technique Pat the wound tightly with sterile GES or a clean cloth filling the cavity completely then apply firm pressure to control the bleeding while managing catastrophic
8:35 bleeding always monitor for Shock watch for symptoms such as pale clammy skin a rapid pulse and confusion keep the patient warm and come reassuring them while waiting for Emergency Medical Services to arrive there are also important cautions to keep in mind never delay applying a toric if direct pressure fails to stop the bleed heeding time is critical in these situations avoid removing objects that are embedded in the wound instead stabilize the object by padding around it to prevent further injury most importantly always prioritize your own safety ensure you're wearing gloves and taking precautions to prevent cross infection or injury to yourself by
9:23 acting quickly and following these steps you can effectively manage catastrophic bleeding and improve the patient pti's chances of survival until professional medical help arrives managing blood loss is one of the most critical responsibilities of a first responder blood loss occurs when blood escapes from the circulatory system due to injury or a medical condition and it can be external like from a visible wound or internal which is often harder to detect significant blood loss can quickly lead to shock and organ failure so recognizing the warning signs is essential common symptoms include pale cold and clammy skin a rapid or weak pulse and signs of confusion or fainting
10:10 as blood loss progresses the patient's blood pressure may drop further signaling a dangerous condition estimating the severity of blood loss can help determine the urgency of treatment minor blood loss typically up to 500 mL may not have severe consequences and can often be managed with basic first aid moderate blood loss between 500 and 1,500 ml requires close monitoring and first aid intervention to stabilize the patient severe blood loss over 1,500 ml is life-threatening and demands immediate Emergency Care imagine you're assisting someone who cut their thigh on broken loss and they've lost a
10:55 significant amount of blood to manage the situation apply direct pressure to the wound using a sterile dressing to slow the bleeding Elevate the injured limb if possible to reduce blood flow to the area if the bleeding is severe and doesn't stop apply a tournay above the wound as a last resort ensuring it's tight enough to stop the bleeding internal bleeding on the other hand is less visible but no less dangerous symptoms like bruising abdominal swelling or rigidity would indicate internal blood loss in this case keep the patient still monitor their Vital Signs and call for emergency assistance never attempt to apply pressure or move the injured area as
11:42 this may worsen the condition it's also vital to consider cautions during blood loss management never remove large embedded objects causing the bleeding such as a piece of glass or metal stabilize the object with padding to prevent further damage while controlling the bleeding around it quick and effective management of blood loss can mean the difference between life and death by recognizing the severity taking immediate action and monitoring for signs of shock you can stabilize the patient and improve their chances of recovery until Advanced Medical Care arrives bleeding is one of the most critical conditions to manage in first aid as uncontrolled blood loss can quickly lead to shock or death let's
12:29 explore how to assess and control both external and internal bleeding external bleeding can present in three forms arterial bleeding which is bright red and spurts with each heartbeat is the most severe and requires immediate intervention Venus bleeding produces a steady dark red flow while less forceful than arterial bleeding it can still result in significant blood loss capillary bleeding is slow and oozing often seen in minor scrapes or cuts to control external bleeding start by applying direct pressure to the wound using a sterile dressing for example if someone has a deep cut on their arm press firmly on the wound to slow the blood flow if the bleeding doesn't stop
13:17 Elevate the injured area above the heart if possible for severe arterial bleeding a Tay may be necessary place it 5 to 7 cm above the wound Ure uring it's tight enough to stop the bleeding but not left on for more than 2 hours to prevent tissue damage internal bleeding on the other hand is more challenging to identify and manage symptoms include bruising swelling and a rigid abdomen which may indicate internal injury additionally watch for signs of shock such as a rapid pulse low blood pressure or dizziness for example a car accident victim with bruising around the chest and symptoms of shock may have internal bleeding requiring immediate transport
14:04 to advance care keep the patient still monitor their Vital Signs and never apply pressure or Elevate the affected area cautions are crucial when managing bleeding always wear gloves to protect yourself and the patient from infection avoid removing objects embeded in a wound such as glass or metal instead stabilize the object with a dressing or band remember quick and decisive action can save lives by effectively managing both external and internal bleeding you play a vital role in preventing further complications and stabilizing the patient until professional medical help arrives capillary bleeding is the
14:49 mildest form of external bleeding caused by damage to small blood vessels near the surface of the skin it's characterized by slow oozing blood that often clots on its own due to the body's natural healing process while capillary bleeding is usually minor it still requires attention to prevent infection and ensure proper healing for example imagine a patient who has fallen while jogging scraping their knee on a rough surface blood is oozing slowly from the scraped area with no spurting or heavy flow this is classic capillary bleeding to manage this type of bleeding clean the W thoroughly to remove dirt or debris that may cause infection use sterile water or saline
15:35 for the step apply direct pressure using a sterile gauze pad or clean cloth to stop the bleeding once the bleeding has stopped cover the wound with a sterile dressing or adhesive bandage to keep it clean and protected check for signs of infection in the following days such as redness swelling or pus capillary bleeding is common in situ uations like minor cuts abrasions or scrapes although it may appear insignificant it's important to address it properly to prevent further complications especially in cases where the patient is exposed to dirt or bacteria for instance in outdoor settings like hiking even small wounds can become problematic if left untreated
16:21 a scraped hand from falling on rocks might seem harmless at first but without proper cleaning and dressing it could lead to an infection that that worsens over time by addressing capillary bleeding promptly and following basic first aid steps you can ensure quick healing and minimize the risk of complications [Music] [Applause] all right now let's talk about capillary bleeding in the workplace what you've got here is a classic Road Rash type of
17:08 wound or a rug burn or when they fall and they hit the floor this happened to be on a sander but the injury is exactly the same it's characteristically going to have this kind of this blood droplet that comes out of the capillaries and is mixed with a cirrus fluid what is that Cirrus fluid is the same fluid that fills a blister of a burn or or if you know if you've ever gotten a rug a rug burn it's kind of it oozes that it's not blood it's more like a yellowish kind of a liquid that's the body's attempt to heal the wound and it mixes now with the capillary bleeding and so um you can have this kind of bleeding issue but it stopped quite easily the thing here is that we need to keep it clean if they fell on dirty surfaces we might have
17:54 sand dirt rocks metal shavings wood shavings to clean out if this is embedded that's a med center call now they need to get in there and actually maybe numb it cuz it's very painful it's not deep enough to actually damage most of the nerve endings and so Road Rash actually hurts worse than most other bleeding types and it's because it's just a braze through that epidural layer and the nerve endings are raw and they're just overstimulated so we need to be aware of that while we're treating um that kind of road rash that kind of capillary wound but the major thing to do is wash it with soap and water get most of the debris out then we're going to cover it with a bandage again direct pressure for a little bit it's not going to hurt that bad again it's not actively
18:41 bleeding so once we actually dab it off and control most of the bleeding we're able to now use an over-the-counter triple antibiotic apply the triple antibiotic to the wound after it's clean this is going to help us defeat any secondary infection that this part of the raw wound may have been exposed to where're then going to get another 4x4 bandage with some tape we're going to cover the wound can you hold that for me sir and then we're going to take the just some medical grade tape and we're going to run a couple strips over the bandage to hold it in
19:30 place and as this begins to heal and the bleeding is controlled give it maybe a day or so this is going to be probably a large Band-Aid a large Band-Aid could cover this and they could return back to normal activities we encourage the patient to look for signs of infection oozing it's hurting it's turning red around it and becoming puffy and sore and actually maybe draining some pus that needs to be seen at the med center or the ER we don't want this to get so bad that they develop a serious infection that could actually get absorbed into the blood cause a bloodstream infection which we call septicemia we also don't want to take for granted that it could just be a nuisance infection that could have been prevented because we didn't wash it well
20:16 and we didn't put triple antibiotic on it after we do this give it 48 to 72 hours it will begin to crust over which is the scabbing and that's natural the person should return nor Al in another couple weeks when the scabs fall off and now it's back to Healing Scar Tissue again capillary bleeding is not necessarily A life-threatening emergency but the infections that could follow from not taking care of it while it's healing is where we run into trouble Venus bleeding occurs when a vein is damaged resulting in a steady flow of dark red blood unlike arterial bleeding it doesn't spurt but can still lead to significant blood blood loss if not managed properly the dark color of
21:02 the blood is due to its low oxygen content as veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart let's consider a scenario imagine you're assisting a patient who accidentally cut their forearm with a kitchen knife the wound is deep and blood is Flowing steadily but not spurting this indicates Venus bleeding from one of the veins in the arm to control Venus bleeding a apply direct pressure to the wound immediately using a sterile dressing or a clean cloth this step is essential to slow the bleeding and allow clotting to begin Elevate the affected limb if possible above the level of the heart elevation helps reduce the flow of blood to the injured vein once the bleeding has
21:49 slowed or stopped secure the dressing with the bandage to maintain pressure If bleeding persists apply additional layers of dressing on top without REM moving the initial one to avoid disturbing the clot cautions always wear gloves to protect yourself and the patient from potential infections do not apply a tournay unless the bleeding is life-threatening as Venus bleeding typically responds well to direct pressure and elevation if there's an embedded object in the wound avoid applying pressure directly on it instead stabilize the object with padding around it while controlling the bleeding Venus bleeding can be dangerous if not addressed promptly especially if the injured vein is large such as the
22:35 jugular vein and the neck or the femoral vein and the thigh in these cases the risk of Rapid blood loss and shock is higher an emergency medical assistance is essential for example consider a construction worker who suffers a deep cut to their leg from falling debris resulting in steady dark red bleeding while you manage the wound with pressure and elevation monitoring for signs of shock such as pale skin rapid pulse or dizziness is critical as these indicate a severe loss of blood volume by taking quick and decisive action you can control Venus bleeding effectively preventing further complications and stabilizing the patient until Advanced Medical Care is
23:24 available so now let's talk about Venus bleeding Venus bleeding is is normally characterized by dark red oozing blood not bright red spurting blood like arterial in this case most of the time Venus bleeding stops on its own in four to 6 minutes if you did nothing but we can easily control it with direct pressure and then a bandage and then decide whether or not the person needs to go in by ambulance or whether they're stable enough that they can actually go in by private automobile or someone drive them in I always encourage driving them in even if if you do take them in by another coworker or someone else by their own vehicle because if they maybe have a hard time seeing their own blood maybe they you know for whatever reason they have kind of a psychogenic shock
24:10 thing going on not a true hypovolemic shock then it's always good that they're a passenger plus it might hurt you just never know okay so it's always a good idea to have somebody drive them in or have an ambulance bring him in he obviously lacerated the tip of his finger he was holding direct pressure on it with just his thumb but it Smiles at me I in other words I can look at the cut and when he opened up his finger it kind of did this fish mouth opening that means that it was a full thickness cut and is probably going to need some stitches if it didn't if it stayed together when he showed me and it was just kind of oozing that might be okay to bandage and heal on its own after it's cleaned and we use a triple antibiotic ointment to to be sure to combat the possible bacteria there's
24:57 also the concept that if this person has not had a tetanus shot in a while it's important that they find out what their records are and if they need a booster they might get that because the material was dirty and so I'm just going to give this 4x4 I see that the wound is right there I apply direct pressure over the fingertip there's a blood because he's been holding it for a while and a little bit of blood goes a long long ways so what looks like a massive amount of blood might just be that the red blood cells have smeared around dripped and don't be distracted by that but you might take another bandage and kind of dry that off ask the person did you you know do you have pain anywhere else did you get cut anywhere else he says no it's just right here it's just been I've been holding it it's been running into my hand so I put that direct pressure on there I wait to see if it leaks through
25:44 most venous bleeding will stop with direct pressure unless he has a bleeding disorder or is on blood thinners of some sort for another condition in this case he says he's not on any other medications he's not taking any um over the or you know behind the counter pills he's pretty much a healthy guy so I'm not too worried about it he's stable he's pink he's warm he's dry he had no loss of consciousness there are no other life-threatening conditions I don't believe I have to call EMS at this point unless we wanted the ambulance to transport him at this point though it's not leaking through so I'm now going to wrap it with tape what we're doing is we're basically making our own Band-Aid it's kind of a hefty Band-Aid at that but it's still a Band-Aid it's just there to control the bleeding a little bit and to cover the wound so it doesn't
26:30 get any dirt or debris in it while we either transport this individual to the med center for stitches or for getting it cleaned out get his tetanus booster or until we decide what our next step treatment needs to be again bleeding is under control patient is stable it's probably not a 911 call we can decide to take them in with another cooworker safely or whatever the protocol is for the workplace arterial bleeding is the most severe and life-threatening type of external bleeding it occurs when an artery which carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the body is damaged this bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that
27:16 spurts in rhythm with the heartbeat due to the high pressure in the arteries let's look at a scenario imagine you're responding to a car accident victim who has a deep laceration on their thigh from broken gloss blood is spurting from the wound and pulses and its bright red color indicates arterial bleeding to control arterial bleeding apply firm direct pressure to the wound using a sterile dressing or clean cloth this is the first and most critical step to slow the bleeding if possible Elevate the injured limb above the level of the heart to reduce blood flow to the wound if direct pressure and elevation are not effective apply a toric place the Toray 5 to 7 cm 2 to 3
28:03 in above the wound avoiding joints tighten it until the bleeding stops note the time it was applied as a tour should not remain on for more than 2 hours to avoid permanent tissue damage monitor the patient closely for signs of shock such as pale clammy skin rapid pulse and confusion cautions always wear gloves to prevent infection and protect yourself do not loosen or remove the Toray once applied this should only be done by medical professionals avoid applying direct pressure over an embedded object instead stabilize the object with padding around it while applying pressure to the surrounding area arterial bleeding
28:49 requires immediate attention due to the risk of Rapid blood loss without prompt intervention the patient could go into hypovolemic shock or or lose Consciousness for example if a worker Cuts their arm with a power tool severing an artery bright red blood will spurt from the wound as you apply pressure and prepare to use a tornay monitor their Vital Signs and call for emergency medical assistance immediately remember quick and decisive action is essential in managing arterial bleeding by controlling the bleeding effectively you can buy precious time for the patient until advanced Medical Care [Music]
29:54 arrives now we're going to cover arterial bleeding in the workplace place in this setup what we saw is a person who knew he probably should have used something to help put the wood through but the problem was it was inconvenient which is so common puts it down uses his hand but slips and cuts his radial artery we know that it's an arterial bleed because it's pulsating and bright red in color Venus bleeding is more oozing and is darker in color now when we come across this most people automatically they grab their bleeding part of their body they put a hand over it that's natural it's normal but they may not even have a bandage so when we respond we're going to make sure our scene is safe the Machinery is off our gloves are on and we're ready to rescue
30:41 I like to come at least with a 4x4 or a 5x9 immediately sir I'm going to go ahead and replace your hand with this 4x4 ready go ahead and change it out now we saw that it was obviously pulsating go ahead and put pressure on that right there there you go he puts direct pressure himself he can assist as long as he's conscious and not losing responsiveness I can see that it's already leaking through so I don't take the first one away go ahead and cover that now and I put a second one on there he puts firm pressure it you know getting it above the heart was something that we used to teach but again if they're not comfortable doing that it's more important to put the direct pressure instead of worrying about elevating it all right we're sitting the
31:28 person down so that if they do get a little laded they're in a sitting position eventually maybe a chair and if it gets real bad we'll lower them all the way down to the ground now once we have controlled the bleeding and it's not like arterial bleeding cannot be controlled with direct pressure it's something that we need to keep an eye on every time we see it starting to leak through we put another fresh bandage here's a 5 by9 go ahead and put direct pressure there and now we see that it's not leaking through this 5x9 bandage if we could not control this arterial bleeding we might move to a proper tourniquet device this is for delayed emergency response of greater than 10 to 15 minutes major arterial bleeding that
32:15 cannot be controlled and life-threatening bleeding that if we don't stop the bleeding the person's going to lose their life that's the proper use of tourniquet and when to use them in most cases direct pressure and pressure bandages are going to work just fine you can also make a makeshift um tourniquet if you don't have a proper tourniquet device in this case we're controlling it with direct pressure now it's not leaking through the person's Consciousness is fine he's responding to me well he's still helping and now I'm going to go ahead and wrap this sir I wrap it from the distal end which means all the way to the end I start at the end of the the extremity I'm using an Ace Wrap to hold pressure with this so
33:03 it could actually work like a tourniquet by accident not my point and I'm going to show you how to check to make sure we're we're not causing a tourniquet in just a minute but I'm able to wrap that pad in place look it if I need a little extra pressure once I get over the wound itself I do a little twist then I come back around another little twist straight over it and now I can finish out that bandage and now I just tuck the end into the actual Ace Wrap to hold it there now I want to check nail beds I squeeze the nail bed and look at this you can see that when I pinch the nail bed and it blanches white and then I let it go it only takes like one to maybe two seconds to refill with blood that's what tells
33:49 me this is not so tight that it's cutting off circulation but it's tight enough that it's holding direct pressure and keeping the arterial bleeding from still losing a certain amount of blood so this is a great bandage now we can decide whether we're going to transport this patient to the emergency room by private vehicle or whether we need to activate EMS at the point that this person started to lose Consciousness or show signs of shock like cool pale sweaty skin um decreased level of Consciousness or I could not get this bleeding to stop and they were losing a large amount that's when I activate EMS by calling 911 and get help on the way and treat the patient for Shack or any other life-threatening
34:42 conditions wounds are among the most common injuries treated in first aid they occur when the skin the body's primary barrier is damaged wounds are broadly classified into open wounds such as cuts and abrasions with the tissue is exposed and closed wounds like bruises where the damage is beneath intact skin proper treatment is essential not just to stop bleeding but also to prevent infection for instance a small abrasion from a fall on gravel might seem minor but without cleaning it can develop an infection delaying healing and causing discomfort wounds vary depending on their cause lacerations for instance a jacked injuries often caused by
35:29 accidents with sharp or rough objects such as broken glass in contrast incisions are cleaner Cuts like those from a knife punctures caused by objects like nails are particularly dangerous as they allow bacteria to penetrate deep into tissues abrasions like grazing your skin after a fall are often superficial but must be cleaned carefully lastly contusions or bruises result from blunt force trauma causing bleeding under the skin without breaking it imagine someone tripping and falling onto sharp gravel this might cause both abrasions and lacerations requiring different treatments laceration Jagged Cuts lacerations are irregular Jagged
36:16 wounds caused by sharp or rough objects for instance imagine someone accidentally falling through a glass window the shards of glass could create deep uneven Cuts along the arms or legs similarly an animal bite such as a dog bite often results in Jagged tears in the skin because of the teeth's uneven pressure and motion these wounds are prone to bleeding and infection so cleaning and dressing are critical incision clean straight cuts incisions are precise Clean Cuts made by sharp instruments picture a chef slicing vegetables and accidentally cutting their finger with a knife the cut will likely be clean and straight surgical
37:01 wounds made by scalpel are another common example while these wounds tend to heal more predictably than lacerations they can still bleed significantly and require proper dressing to avoid infection puncture deep narrow injuries puncture wounds occur when a narrow object pierces the skin and penetrates the tissues below imagine stepping on a rusty nail during a walk this would cre create a deep narrow wound at the point of entry while the entry point may appear small the depth of the wound increases the risk of infection especially tetanus immediate cleaning and ensuring the patient tetanus vaccination is up to dat are crucial abrasion superficial
37:46 grazing abrasions are surface level injuries where the top layer of skin is scraped off usually caused by friction for example a cyclist falling off the their bike and skidding on a rough road could develop scrapes on their knees or elbows these wounds often luse clear fluid rather than bleeding heavily but must be cleaned thoroughly to remove debris like gravel and prevent infection contusion bruise but and broken skin contusions commonly known as bruises occur when blunt force trauma causes blood vessels beneath the skin to rupture without breaking the surface picture a football player colliding with another play a and sustaining a bruise on their thigh while there's no open
38:31 wound the area might be tender swollen and discolored due to internal bleeding rest ice compression and elevation the rice method can help manage the swelling and pain penetrating wound a penetrating wound is caused when an object pierces the skin and stays embedded in the body imagine a construction worker falling and landing on a piece of metal rebar that punctures their abdomen but remains lodged inside this type of wound is particularly dangerous as it can damage internal organs and cause significant bleeding in such cases the first priority is to stabilize the object to prevent further damage and seek immediate medical
39:18 attention recognizing a serious wound is vital to ensuring proper care one critical sign to look out for is infection simp symptoms include redness warmth and swelling around the wound or even discharge of pus for example if a construction worker steps on a nail and later develops swelling or redness this could indicate an infection that requires urgent medical attention severe wounds may also involve heavy bleeding or exposure of deeper tissues like tendons additionally embedded objects such as a Shard of glass should never be removed on site to avoid worsening the injury these require stabilization and Professional Medical Care effective wound management requires
40:06 prompt action for open wounds Begin by stopping the bleeding with direct pressure using sterile dressings once bleeding is controlled clean the wound carefully with diluted disinfectant or clean water to remove debris if there's an embedded object such as a Shard of glass in a cyclist's leg after a fall do not remove remove it removing it could worsen the bleeding or damage instead stabilize the object using dressings while controlling bleeding around it and wait for emergency services to take over certain wounds demand extra caution animal bites for example carry a high risk of rabies or tetanus and should never be ignored similarly puncture
40:53 wounds from contaminated objects such as stepping on a rusty na increase the risk of tetanus or serious infections like sepsis to prevent cross infection during treatment always wear waterproof gloves and dispose of contaminated materials safely for instance if a child is bitten by a stray dog the wound must be cleaned immediately and medical attention sought for rabies vaccination and tetanus prophylaxis when treating wounds remember these cautions avoid washing wounds that are heavily bleeding focus on stopping the bleeding first additionally never remove embedded objects like metal rods or gloss as this could exacerbate the injury instead
41:39 stabilize them and seek immediate medical help always consider tetanus vaccinations for deep or dirty wounds boosters are recommended every 5 years human bites though often overlooked pose a high risk of infection and require medical attention including antibio biotics in summary managing wounds effectively can save lives and prevent complications always act quickly control bleeding clean and dress the wound high-risk cases such as embedded objects or animal bites require Professional Medical Care lastly protect yourself by wearing gloves and handling contaminated materials responsibly by following these steps you
42:25 can ensure safe and effective first aid for any wound so what we're going to talk about for a minute is using gauze to bandage and dress wounds we've already done some videos regarding heavy arterial bleeding severe bleeding massive Hemorrhage and we use techniques like wound packing and we also apply tourniquets for that what we're talking about more now is less life-threatening bleeding that you would get to a little bit later in your assessment so this is Venus bleeding this will be dark red blood because it does not have the oxygen in the blood coming from the heart so this is not as life-threatening but it still needs to
43:11 be addressed and we need to cover this up to keep any further dirt or anything from getting in that wound that could cause infection we will talk about the difference between a dressing and a bandage and I've got some products here that will show you tell you a little bit about each one and the differences between them and just give you an an overview on how to properly dress these wounds so real quick let's talk about the difference between a bandage and a dressing so the dressing actually goes directly on top of the wound that's going to be something like this 4x4 gauze um or a combine pad or something that's going to go on the wound it will absorb some of that blood and then that is going to help keep that wound clean so there's no further dirt or debris or anything that goes into that wound that could cause further infection then once we have the dressing in place we're
43:56 going to add a bandage on top of that that bandage could be rolled gauze it could be pressure bandages it could be um I've got some coband or ciny wrap here um to wrap around it but that's something that's going to wrap in place to hold that dressing where it needs to be so remember dressing goes on the wound and then a bandage goes around to hold that dressing in place so if we have an injury then we can take um some gauze I've got a couple stacked 4x4s here this is 4x4 gauze because it is 4 in by 4 in I'm going to use this as my dressing I'm going to dress that wound and then I will use a bandage to secure this in place um if we have continual bleeding we may need to hold pressure on this to help that bleeding uh stop help that clot off so we will apply this over
44:45 the bleeding we'll hold some pressure on it we'll allow that some time to clot off um and we can go ahead and put that bandage in place as well so I'm going to dress this first with some rolled gauze so I'm going to use this I'm I'm going to put this right on top here lift his arm up just a little bit and the the way I like to do it is the first roll is going to be pretty loose it just kind of holds things in place so they don't shift and then after that I can put a little bit of pressure on here if needed remember the goal of this is not to olude um any veins or arteries so we don't want a ton of pressure but we do want some firm pressure to help that bleeding so I don't want to go tight enough to start cutting off circulation we want the circulation to be good because this is not arterial bleeding where we need to stop the circulation but we do want to hold that in place and have a little bit of pressure to help
45:30 with the clotting process so couple ways we can do this um as we terminate this now wrap this around I can simply take this I can use some tape and I can tape this in place I can use this and I can just tuck this which for most injuries works just fine it will hold it in place uses a little bit of friction and it won't slip out um another way if I need a little bit more pressure on here I can back this up just a little bit I can create a knot or a little bit of a loop in here okay once I have a loop I'll wrap this around I can come back up through this Loop now and I can tension it and then tie it
46:17 off um a couple half hitches or something to tie this or an overhand knot just whatever if you can't tie a knot tie a lot make a Tennessee wad knot here tighten that down and we can secure that that way it doesn't come unraveled and unroll on you um but this is pretty well secured we have our bandage in place over our dressing okay so when we're dressing the wound we have um some 4x4s here that is going to be pretty common this is pretty common for uh Hospital use ambulance use um and for people to keep in first aid kits so these 4x4s are very commonly used uh for wounds like this um this is what it looks like there's two in each pack so I've got two of them here if one is not enough for the amount of bleeding you have double them up so we can open up another pack and we can double that up and put it on there so
47:04 that we have enough gauze to actually absorb the bleeding and the blood coming through as we continue to put pressure if it just gets saturated in blood you need to throw another one on there um something to keep in mind is if it continues to bleed through it's not always a good idea to yank these off and rip all those clots off um before we put more on there so if it comes to be a huge mess then you may need to swap these bandages out for some fresh ones but if the clotting process is starting you still have some seepage through there then you can just add um some additional ones on top now let's say we have a larger area or a lot more bleeding than just 4x4s are going to handle we can use um what are called some combine pads there's also some larger one called ABD pads or abdominal pads for like abdominal trauma but these
47:49 combine pads are much thicker than those Loosely woven um 4x4s so there is actually a um kind of an envelope here and then there's a thick pad in the middle and so we can use this to absorb a lot more blood and it's also a larger surface area here so that it can uh cover a larger wound so we could put this on there and same thing we would just use a roll of gauze to secure that in place something else that we can use is this coband so um we can take once we have the dressing in place now we can bandage this with the cand this cand is stretchy um and also sticks to itself uh this is from dinx it's actually called ciny wrap um some people call it coband um it's like a self- adhesive uh bandage
48:36 so we can wrap it around here hold it in place because this is stretchy though uh you do have to be careful you don't put too much pressure to start uh uding circulation um back to the arm so you want to make sure that you don't get too tight with that so that is something you can use also if you have like a severe bleeding kit and you have some pressure bandages you can use these as a bandage you just have to make sure that you don't end up putting it too tight so it does have a pad here um so it'll help absorb a little bit more blood we can put this in place but I'm not using it as a real pressur bandage right now I'm just going to wrap it Loosely and really it's only um it's only job right now is to hold this in place this is a little bit Overkill though because it is a little bit more expensive and I don't need the
49:23 capabilities of the pressure on this one but if it's all I have I would definitely use it so it may not always be simply wrapping gauze around an arm to hold a dressing in place it may be a little more complicated in how you have to hold that dressing in place with the tools and resources you have um let's look specifically at the neck because there's some specific challenges when you're trying to apply this to the neck so that you don't end up uding the airway um or cutting off too much circulation in the neck so if we have a neck injury we'll apply the dressing directly on the wound then we will start with the Jaws roll and start wrapping it the trick here is to have the patient raise their arm above their head we're going to wrap underneath the armpit here and this is going to allow us to be able to wrap around the neck without
50:10 including anything on the other side of the neck and also keeping the airway open so that the pressure is all on this side and then up under the arm here when we get to the end we'll do a tuck or a wrap or a tie or something to secure that um you can use tape as well if you want to and then you'll have the patient bring their arm down as we do this it's going to stretch this coming loose a little bit um as we do this it's going to stretch this a little bit and it's going to put additional pressure right here on this wound so as we're trying to keep pressure on there from bleeding we'll hold direct pressure and then we'll wrap it but if we wrap this way short little section drop my arm and now we have it actually puts pressure and tension on there so if you have someone laying on the ground you can do the same thing they're laying on the ground put
50:56 they arm up above their head wrap it then when you put their arm back down by their side again then that will pull pressure on there and we did a quick wrap for the sake of the video but secure it a little more so remember a dressing goes directly on top of the wound and then you'll hold that in place with a bandage I hope you found this video helpful and hope it gave a little more insight into properly dressing wounds stay vigilant and stay safe before we move on to the next section we'd like to remind you that the fun questionnaires are an essential part of your Learning Journey as part of the Blended learning program you'll need to complete these questions in your notebook this activity is designed to deepen your understanding of the material covered so far and ensure that
51:42 you can apply these critical first aid Concepts in real life situations take your time to work through each question thoughtfully use examples from your manual and your own knowledge to support your answers remember this exercise isn't just about answering the questions it's about reinforcing what you've learned and preparing yourself to act confidently in emergency situations if you're unsure about any of the answers refer back to your notes or the manual for guidance additionally keep track of your questions or areas where you feel uncertain so you can address these during the interactive or instructor-led sessions once you've completed the questions make sure to review your answers and identify key areas for
52:28 improvement this step is vital for your growth and development as a competent first aider let's get started grab your notebook and begin tackling the questions remember this is your opportunity to strengthen your understanding and build your skills good luck e
53:32 question one cross infection can be prevented by wearing gloves and washing hands after providing first aid true explanation yes that's true wearing gloves creates a protective barrier between you and the injured person preventing direct contact with blood or bodily fluids washing your hands after removing the gloves ens Shores that any remaining germs are eliminated reducing the risk of spreading infections question two it is safe to reuse single-use gloves if they appear clean false explanation no this is false single-use gloves are designed to be used once and then discarded even if they look clean
54:20 they may still have invisible bacteria or viruses on them reusing gloves increases the risk of spreading infections so always use a new pair when treating a new patient question three catastrophic bleeding is life-threatening and requires immediate action true explanation yes that's true catastrophic bleeding means a person is losing a large amount of blood very quickly which can cause shock and even death if not controlled acting immediately by applying firm pressure using dressing and if needed a tnic can help save a life question four applying direct pressure is the first step to control
55:06 bleeding true explanation that's correct it is true direct pressure helps stop blood from flowing out of a wound pressing firmly on the wound with a clean cloth or dressing allows the blood to clot reducing further bleeding question five tonet should be applied directly on a joint for best results false explanation no that's false tets should never be placed on a joint like the knee or elbow instead they should be positioned 5 to 7 cm above the wound in an area with solid muscle this ensures the tour works effectively to stop
55:51 severe bleeding question six capillary bleeding is slow and usually not life-threatening true explanation yes that's true capillary bleeding comes from very small blood vessels close to the skin surface it usually oozes slowly and stops on its own or with light pressure this type of bleeding is common with scrapes and minor cuts and is rarely dangerous question seven arterial bleeding is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat true explanation that's correct it is true arterial blood is rich in oxygen which gives it a bright red color since
56:38 arteries carry blood directly from the heart the bleeding spurts in time with the heartbeat this type of bleeding is very serious and needs urgent control using direct pressure or a toric if necessary question eight all wounds require Tay to stop being bleeding false explanation no this is false most bleeding can be controlled with direct pressure and a bandage tets are a last resort and should only be used for severe life-threatening bleeding that cannot be controlled by other methods question nine if a wound is bleeding heavily you should remove the dressing to check if the bleeding has
57:23 stopped false expl ation no that's false once a dressing has been applied do not remove it even if the bleeding continues removing it can break blood clots and restart bleeding instead add more dressings on top and keep applying pressure until the bleeding is under control question 10 puncture wounds such as stepping on a nail have a higher risk of infection true explanation yes this is true pure wounds are deep and narrow making it easier for bacteria and dirt to become trapped inside this increases the risk of infection and
58:08 tetanus cleaning the wound properly and making sure tetanus vaccinations are up toate are important steps in first aid care question 11 embedded objects should be removed to stop bleeding false explanation no no that's false if an object is embedded in a wound do not remove it as it may be preventing further bleeding instead stabilize the object using dressings around it and seek medical help removing it could cause severe bleeding or further injury question 12 if someone is pale dizzy and has a weak pulse after bleeding they may be going into shock true explanation
58:56 yes that's true these are classic signs of shock which happens when the body doesn't get enough blood flow if a person shows these symptoms after bleeding keep them warm lay them down and raise their legs if possible while getting emergency medical help question 13 you should elevate a bleeding limb if possible to help slow blood loss true explanation that's correct it is true elevating a bleeding limb above Heart level can help slow blood flow and reduce bleeding however always combine elevation with direct pressure to control the bleeding effectively question 14 applying ice directly on a SED limb
59:42 helps preserve it for reattachment false explanation no this is false placing a severed limb directly on ice can cause tissue damage reducing the chances of successful reattachment instead wrap the limb in a clean damp cloth put it in a plastic bag and place the bag on ice but not in direct contact with ice question 15 blood loss from veins is dark red and flows steadily true explanation yes that's true Venus blood is dark red because it has less oxygen than arterial blood unlike Arial bleeding which spurts Venus bleeding
1:00:28 flows steadily but can still be serious and needs to be controlled with direct pressure question 16 hand sanitizer is a suitable alternative if soap and water are unavailable for hand hygiene true explanation yes that's true if soap and water aren't available alcohol-based hand sanitizer can help heal germs and reduce the risk of infection after providing first aid however washing with soap and water is always the best option when available question 17 if someone is unresponsive and bleeding internally you should place them in the recovery position true
1:01:14 explanation yes that's true if a person is unresponsive but breathing placing them in the recovery position helps keep their airway open and prevents choking how however do not move them unnecessarily if there is a suspected spinal injury question 18 a wound infected with bacteria may show redness swelling or puss true explanation that's correct it is true signs of infection in a wound include redness swelling warmth pain pus and a bad smell if an infection develops medical attention May be needed to prevent further complications question
1:02:00 19 washing a wound with clean water can help prevent infection true explanation yes that's true cleaning a wound with clean running water helps remove dirt and bacteria reducing the risk of infection if available use mild soap but avoid strong chemicals like hydrogen peroxide which can damage healthy tissue question 20 you should always remove bandages after 5 minutes to check if bleeding has stopped false explanation no this is false never remove a bandage too soon as it may break blood plots and cause the wound to start bleeding again instead apply
1:02:47 additional bandages on top and keep applying pressure if the bleeding continues
