10 Uni Life Basic First Aid introduction information 2025

0:06 choking is a life threatening emergency where quick recognition and response are vital it occurs when a foreign object blocks the airway either partially or completely to identify choking look for signs of partial obstruction such as coughing or difficulty speaking the universal choking sign hence clutching the throat is another key indicator if in contrast complete obstruction leaves the person unable to speak or cough often accompanied by sinosis or blue skin due to lack of oxygen for adults and children over one year start by encouraging coughing if they can still breathe for a complete obstruction deliver five back blows between the shoulder blades followed by five

0:52 abdominal thrusts commonly known as the heick maneuver for example imagine a diner choking on food stand behind behind them place your fist above their navl and thrust upward and inward to dislodge the object for infants under one year the approach is different support the infant face down on your forearm and deliver five back blows then turn the infant over and perform five chest thrusts using two fingers this technique is safer for their delicate Anatomy if the patient becomes unresponsive start CPR immediately after every 30 chest compressions check the airway for the obstruction before giving rescue breaths avoid blind finger sweeps

1:39 as they could worsen the situation by pushing the object deeper always seek medical evaluation after clearing the obstruction as choking can cause complications like Airway swelling or internal injury for instance abdominal thrusts may cause bruising particularly in children or frail individuals which requ requires further assessment scenario example scenario a 6-year-old child begins choking on a piece of candy and cannot speak or cough you recognize the complete obstruction and deliver five back blows but the candy remains stuck you then perform five abdominal thrusts successfully dislodging the candy afterward you comfort the child and

2:25 ensure they are checked by a medical professional to rule out complications scenario and treatment of mild Airway obstruction scenario example situation a 40-year-old man is at a dinner party and begins coughing after swallowing a piece of steak he appears distressed clutching his throat but is still able to cough and speak in short phrases observation the man is coughing forcefully and wheezing which indicates a mild Airway up obstruction he is not yet showing signs of a complete obstruction as he can still breathe and produce Sound Treatment steps for mild Airway obstruction encourage coughing Carly

3:13 reassure the person to keep coughing forcefully as this is the most effective way to clear the airway naturally avoid patting their back or intervening physically unless their condition worsens monitor for progression stay close and watch for signs that the obstruction is worsening such as difficulty breathing inability to cough or sinosis bluish skin provide reassurance help the person stay calm as Panic can worsen breathing difficulties offer support without interfering if they are able to clear the airway on their own seek medical attention if needed if the obstruction persists for a prolonged period or if the person shows signs of distress after clearing it for

3:59 for example persistent coughing or throat pain advise them to consult a medical professional to ensure there are no residual complications cautions do not perform back blows or abdominal thrusts for mild obstructions as unnecessary intervention could force the object deeper into the airway never use a blind finger sweep to remove the object as this can cause further blockage always stay alert to the possibility of the condition progressing to a severe way obstruction outcome example after a few seconds of forceful coughing the man dislodges the piece of stake and begins breathing normally you remain nearby for a few minutes to ensure he is stable and no further issues arise since he experienced

4:47 discomfort in his throat you suggest he seek medical advice if the sensation persists scenario and treatment for severe Airway obstruction scenario example situation a seven-year-old child playing with marbles accidentally swallows one causing a complete blockage of the airway the child is unable to cough speak or breathe and starts panicking clutching their throat Universal choking sign their lips begin to turn blue cyanosis indicating severe oxygen deprivation treatment steps for severe Airway obstruction confirm severe abstraction look for Key

5:32 signs inability to speak cough or breathe silent attempts to inhale or a high-pitched wee drier cyanosis or visible Panic perform back blows and abdominal thrusts adults and children over one year step one deliver five back blows stand behind the child and bend them forward at the waist use the heel of your hand to deliver five sharp blows between the shoulder blades step two perform five abdominal thrusts heck maneuver stand behind the child and wrap your arms around their waist place a fist just above the navl and cover it with your other hand deliver quick Inward and upward thrusts alternate

6:19 between back blows and abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled or the child becomes unresponsive for infants under one year Step One support the infant face down along your forearm with their head lower than their body deliver five back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand step two turn the infant face up and deliver five chest thrusts use two fingers to press the center of the chest just below the nipple line alternate between back blows and chest thrusts until the object is expelled or the infant becomes unresponsive if the patient becomes unres responsive step one begin CPR immediately deliver 30 chest

7:06 compressions and check the airway for the object step two attempt to give rescue breaths if the chest does not rise recheck the airway and continue CPR continue CPR until professional help arrives seek medical attention even after the object is expelled the child should receive medical evaluation to rule rule out Airway swelling or internal injuries caused by back blows or abdominal thrusts cautions avoid blind finger sweeps as these can push the object further into the airway do not perform abdominal thrusts on infants or pregnant individuals use chest thrusts instead outcome

7:51 example after three cycles of back blows and abdominal thrusts the marble is dislodged and the child begins coughing and breathing again you monitor the child's breathing reassure them and ensure they receive medical attention to confirm no further complications scenario and treatment managing a choking pregnant woman scenario example situation a pregnant woman approximately 7 months along begins choking on a piece of bread during a family dinner she is unable to speak cough or breathe and clutches her throat signaling a complete Airway obstruction she appears panicked and her skin begins to turn bluish

8:38 sinosis treatment steps for a choking pregnant woman confirm severe obstruction recognize Key signs the woman cannot speak cough or breathe silent attempts to inhale or a high pitched wheezing sound sinosis or clutching her throat Universal choking sign avoid abdominal thrusts abdominal thrusts such as the heinl maneuver are unsafe for pregnant individuals due to the risk of harming the baby perform chest thrusts instead step one stand behind the woman and place your arms under her armpits step two form a fist and place the thumb side against the center of her

9:23 chest above the baby bump on the sternum step three wrap your fist with your other hand and deliver quick inward thrusts to the chest step four repeat chest thrusts until the object is expelled or the woman becomes unresponsive if the patient becomes unresponsive step one lower the woman gently to the ground and begin CPR immediately step two perform 30 chest compressions focusing on the center of the chest sternum step three after each set of compressions check the airway for the obstru ction remove it if visible step four attempt rescue breaths if the chest doesn't rise recheck the airway and

10:08 continue CPR call for emergency services even if the object is expelled ensure the pregnant woman receives immediate medical attention to rule out complications for both her and the baby cautions and notes do not attempt abdominal thrusts on pregnant individuals as if could harm the baby or cause uterine injury avoid blind finger sweeps to prevent pushing the obstruction further down the airway be extra vigilant about the woman's oxygenation as prolonged choking can deprive both the mother and baby of oxygen outcome example after three chest thrusts the piece of bread is dislodged and the woman begins coughing and breathing

10:53 normally you monitor her closely and ensure that emergency medical professionals evaluate both her and the baby for any complications step one assess the situation Begin by calmly evaluating the infant's condition if the infant is silent unable to cry cough or breathe it indicates a choking emergency look for signs of severe obstructions such as sinosis where the skin particularly around the lips or fingers turns bluish due to a lack of oxygen pay attention to visible signs of distress such as struggling to breathe or excessive Panic step two position the infant to

11:42 help the infant properly position them for intervention support the infant's head and neck with one hand to ensure they are secure place the infant face down along your forearm keeping their head lower than their chest this position uses gravity to Aid in clear during the obstruction rest your forearm on your thigh for stability ensuring you have full control of the infant while remaining steady step three deliver five back blows using the heel of your hand deliver five firm back blows between the infant's shoulder blades each blow should be deliberate and forceful aiming to create enough pressure to dislodge the object from the airway remember these back blows must be firm but

12:27 control to avoid causing harm step four turn the infant over after delivering back blows carefully turn the infant face up ensuring their head and neck remain supported throughout the process position the infant along your forearm or lap keeping their head lower than their chest to allow gravity to continue assisting this ensures the airway is still in an optimal position for clearing the obstruction if further steps are needed step five perform five chest thrusts after delivering back blows turn the infant face up ensuring their head remains supported and lower than the chest using two fingers locate the center of the infant's chest just below

13:12 the nepple line deliver five firm chest thrusts pressing down about 1.5 in 4 cm the thrust should be forceful yet controlled aiming to create enough pressure to dislodge the obstruction without causing harm step six repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the object is not expelled continue alternating five back blows and five chest thrusts maintain the same technique keeping the infant secure and supported repeat these Cycles until the object is dislodged or the infant becomes unresponsive step seven if the infant becomes unresponsive if the infant stops responding begin CPR immediately per perform 30 chest

14:00 compressions using two fingers at the same chest location pressing down about 1.5 in after compressions open the airway and look for the object if visible carefully remove it using your fingers attempt to rescue breaths by sealing your mouth over the infant's nose and mouth and giving gentle breaths if the chest does not rise recheck the airway and continue CPR repeating compressions and breaths until help arrives step eight call Emergency Services even if the object is successfully dislodged it is crucial to have the infant evaluated by a medical professional this ensures there is no Airway damage swelling or other complications caused by the choking or

14:45 the rescue procedures choking in infants is a life-threatening emergency that requires Swift and precise action recognizing the signs is the first step a choking infant will often be silent unable to cry cough or breathe with visible signs of distress such as sinosis or bluish skin particularly around the lips and fingers start by positioning the infant properly support their head and neck with one hand and place them face down along your forearm ensuring their head is lower than their chest rest your forearm on your thigh for stability next deliver five back blows between between the infant's shoulder blades using the heel of your hand each

15:33 blow should be firm and controlled aiming to dislodge the object blocking their Airway if the back blows don't work turn the infant face up keeping their head supported using two fingers deliver five chest thrusts on the center of their chest just below the nipple line press about 1.5 in making each dust deliberate and firm continue alternating five back blows and five chest thrusts until the object is expelled or the infant becomes unresponsive if the infant becomes unresponsive begin CPR immediately perform 30 chest compressions open the airway and check for the object if visible carefully remove it attempt to

16:19 rescue breaths and if the chest doesn't rise continue CPR until professional help arrives even if you successfully hear the obstruction it's critical to have the infant seen by a medical professional to rule out complications such as Airway damage or swelling following these steps can save a choking infant's life stay calm act swiftly and ensure the infant receives the care they need imagine encountering a patient who is unconscious and struggling to breathe the first and foremost step is to ensure their Airway is clear without a clear pathway no amount of rescue breathing or CPR will help when a patient becomes unconscious their body's natural

17:05 mechanisms for Airway protection are compromised this means their tongue might fall back or vomit could obstruct the airway you must act immediately to prevent Suffocation the head tilt chin lift is a standard technique Place one hand on the patient's forehead and the other under the chin tilt the head back gently this shifts the tongue away and opens the airway check for Visible obstructions and remove them carefully cautions head til chin lift and spinal injuries avoid using the head tilt chin lift method on patients with suspected spinal injuries as it could cause harm use the jaw thrust maneuver in these cases. finger sweep method do not

17:52 perform a finger sweep while the patient is lying on their back turn them on their side before attempting to remove obstructions do Airway obstructions Airway obstructions can be caused by Blood food vomit Ventures or the tongue depending on the situation ensure proper precautions are taken while clearing the airway do proper technique and obstruction handling ensure that while clearing obstructions no matter falls back into the airway this could worsen the blockage or make breathing even more difficult before we move on to the next section we'd like to remind you that the following questionnaires are an essential part of your Learning Journey as part of the Blended learning

18:38 program you'll need to complete these questions in your notebook this activity is designed to deepen your understanding of the material covered so far and ensure that you can apply these critical first aid Concepts in real life situations take your time to work through each question thoughtfully use examples from your manual and your own knowledge to support your answers remember this exercise isn't just about answering the questions it's about reinforcing what you've learned and preparing yourself to act confidently in emergency situations if you're unsure about any of the answers refer back to your notes or the manual for guidance additionally keep track of your questions or areas where you feel uncertain so you can

19:24 address these during the interactive or instructor-led sessions when once you've completed the questions make sure to review your answers and identify key areas for improvement this step is vital for your growth and development as a competent first aider let's get started grab your notebook and begin tackling the questions remember this is your opportunity to strengthen your understanding and build your skills good luck

20:16 true or false choking and Airway management question one person with a partial Airway obstruction should be encouraged to cough if they are still able to breathe true or false false answer true explanation if the person can still breathe and cough their Airway is only partially blocked coughing is the body's natural way to clear an obstruction encourage them to keep coughing forcefully while monitoring their condition question two the universal choking sign is when a person places their hands on their stomach true or false answer false explanation the universal choking sign is when a person places their hands on their throat not

21:03 their stomach this is an internationally recognized signal indicating that they need immediate help question three if someone has a complete Airway abstraction and cannot cough or speak you should immediately begin back blows and abdominal thrusts true or false answer true explanation a complete abstraction means no end is passing through without quick action the person could lose Consciousness five back blows followed by five abdominal thrusts HCK maneuver should be performed to try to remove the blockage question four abdominal thrusts should always be used for choking infants under oneyear old true or false

21:52 answer false explanation abdominal thrusts are not safe for infants under 1year old as they can cause internal injury instead perform five back blows followed by five chest thrusts to try to clear the obstruction question five for a choking infant you should first place them face down along your forearm and deliver five back blows true or false answer true explanation the correct response for a choking infant is to position them face down support their head and deliver five firm back blows between their shoulder blades before attempting chest thrusts question six if a choking person becomes unresponsive you should begin

22:39 CPR immediately true or false answer true explanation if a choking victim becomes unresponsive this means they are no longer breathing start CPR immediately checking the airway between compressions and breaths to remove any visible obstructions question seven the head til chin lift technique should always be used to open an unconscious person's Airway even if a spinal injury is suspected true or false answer false explanation if a spinal injury is suspected the jaw thrust technique should be used instead of the head till chin lift this prevents

23:25 unnecessary movement of the neck reducing the risk of further injury question eight performing a blind finger sweep in a choking victim's mouth is the best way to clear an airway obstruction true or false answer false explanation a blind finger sweep should never be performed as it may push the object deeper into the airway only remove an obstruction if it is visible and can be easily grasped question n after successfully removing an airway obstruction medical evaluation is still recommended true or false answer true explanation even if the obstruction has been cleared the

24:12 airway may still be irritated or damaged and there may be swelling a medical checkup ensures no further complications arise question 10 if a person is unresponsive and has vomit or blood blocking their Airway you should r them onto their side before attempting to clear it true or false answer true explanation placing an unresponsive person in the recovery position helps prevent choking on fluids and allows for safer removal of obstructions this is a critical step in Airway management definition and key acronyms CP r or cardiopulmonary

25:00 resuscitation is an emergency procedure that can save lives when someone stops breathing or their heart stops beating it combines chest compressions and rescue breaths to restore blood circulation and breathing let's break it down C stands for cardio referring to the heart the organ responsible for pumping oxygen rich blood throughout the body P stands for pulmonary referring to the lungs which take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide us stands for resuscitation meaning to bring back life or restore vital functions why is this important without oxygen the brain starts to suffer damage within 4 to 6 minutes if a person isn't breathing

25:46 their heart will stop pumping leading to Cardiac Arrest if no action is taken they can progress from being clinically dead to biologically dead meaning there's no chance of recovery this is why CPR is so critical in those first few moments notes and good practices now let's cover the notes and good practices for performing effective CPR first here are some key notes performing CPR might cause minor harm like broken ribs but the alternative is far worse without intervention the patient is likely to die once you've confirmed that the patient is breathing start chest compressions immediately

26:31 time is of the essence now some good practices whenever possible combine chest compressions with rescue breaths this is especially critical for children as their cardiac arrests are often caused by breathing problems rescue breaths provide the oxygen they need while compressions keep their blood flowing if you're getting tired don't hesitate to switch with another trained rescuer proper technique and consistent compressions are more important than trying to power through on your own by following these steps you'll give the patient the best possible chance of survival positioning for CPR positioning is one of the most crucial steps in performing effective

27:17 CPR if done correctly it ensures that compressions are efficient and minimizes the risk of injury to the patient let's break this down step by step positioning the patient first move the patient onto a firm flat surface this is essential because compressions on a soft surface like a bed or couch will absorb the force reducing their effectiveness lay the patient flat on their back with their arms at their sides ensure their head is positioned to maintain an open Airway use the head tilt chin lift technique unless you suspect a spinal injury in that case use use the jaw thrust maneuver instead which avoids excessive neck movement positioning yourself kneel

28:05 beside the patient so that your shoulders are directly over their chest this alignment helps you apply strong controlled and vertical compressions keep your elbows locked and use the weight of your upper body rather than your arms to press down this reduces fatigue and ensures consistent pressure calling for help before starting CPR call for help if you're alone dial Emergency Services yourself and put the phone on speaker so you can continue compressions while receiving instructions if others are present shout for assistance and instruct someone to call EMS remember early intervention is key to increasing survival rates so don't hesitate to start chest compressions as

28:52 soon as you've confirmed the patient isn't breathing hands ready for chest compressions proper hand positioning is critical to performing effective chest compressions and minimizing the risk of injury such as broken ribs or damage to internal organs locate the compression point the heart isn't located directly in the center of the chest instead it sits slightly to the left however during CPR compressions are delivered to the sternum the flat bone in the middle of the chest to find the correct spot trace an imaginary line between the nipples the center of this line is where your hands should be placed hand

29:38 placement place the heel of one hand on the sternum place your other hand on top of the first and interlock your fingers this ensures your weight is focused on the heel of your hand and prevents your fingers from pressing into the patient ribs which could cause injury maintain proper form your shoulders should be directly above your hands and your elbows must remain locked this allows you to use your body weight to press straight down into the chest for compressions to be effective the chest must be compressed 5 to 6 cm 2 to 2.5 in for adults for children compress about 1/3 of their chest tip good hand placement ensures that the compressions Target the heart and maximize blood flow

30:25 improving the patient chances of survival remember to keep a consistent Rhythm 100 to 100 and 20 compressions per minute just like the beat of staying alive your precision and consistency could make all the difference chest compressions are a critical part of CPR and the technique differs slightly depending on whether you're treating an adult a child or an infant let's break this down step by step for adults you use both hands place the heel of one hand at the center of the chest on the lower half of the sternum place your other hand on top and interlock your fingers ensuring they stay off the chest compress down 5 to 6

31:11 cm with each push at a rate of 30 compressions followed by two rescue breaths ensure the chest fully recoils between compressions for children ages 1 to 8 use one hand instead of two place the heel of of one hand at the center of the chest If the child is larger you may use both hands as for an adult compress down to about 1/3 of the chest's depth perform compressions at a slightly modified ratio of 15 compressions to two breadths when there are two Rescuers present for infants under one year use two fingers index and middle place just below the nipple line on the sternum avoid using the Palm or heel of the hand

31:57 as infants are more delicate compress to a depth of about 1/3 of the chest's diameter perform compressions at a rate of 15 compressions to two breadths when two Rescuers are present key notes the depth and pressure differ for each group due to the size and fragility of the chest adults require deep forceful compressions while children and infants need more controlled and gentle pressure regardless of age maintain a steady r of 100 to 120 compressions per minute by adjusting your Technique to the size and age of the patient you ensure effective compressions while minimizing the risk of injury imagine you're the only person on

32:44 the scene of an emergency someone collapses and they're not breathing you're now a single rescuer and your actions could save a life start by placing the heel of your hand on the sternum at the center of of the chest interlock your fingers keeping them off the ribs to avoid causing injury with your shoulders directly over your hands begin compressions push hard and fast at a rate of about two compressions per second or 100 to0 per minute for every 30 compressions give two rescue breaths pinch the nose seal your mouth over theirs and blow until you see their chest rise make sure to allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression to maintain blood flow

33:32 continue CPR until help arrives the patient show signs of life or you're too exhausted to continue if someone else is available switch with them to maintain effective compressions even as a single rescuer your actions can make all the difference you're performing CPR but there are no visible signs of recovery this can feel dis discouraging but remember statistics show that most out of Hospital cardiac arrests are difficult to revive this doesn't mean you should stop keep going unless one of three things happens the patient regains Signs of Life professional help arrives and takes over or you become physically unable to

34:17 continue every attempt at CPR matters even if the odds are slim your efforts could be the difference between life and death keep pushing keep breathing and keep fighting for that person's life now we're going to cover adult CPR for the single rescuer for Health Care Professionals we've ensured that our scene is safe our gloves are on and our rescue mask is available with a one-way valve and we're going to call out to the victim to see if they're responsive sir can you hear me are you okay they don't respond so I place a hand on the forehead and tap on the collar bone sir sir can you hear me they didn't respond to my Taps and shouts so I'm going to

35:03 activate EMS call 911 or call a code if I have a bystander I can tell them hey you a plaid shirt go call 911 and come back and if you can find an AED bring it with you I might need your help if I have a cell phone I could whip that out too and actually call 911 and put it on speaker phone and allow some help that way as well or just access it through that technology now that I've gone ahead and done that I can continue my assessment I'm going to look for signs of normal breathing as I check for a coted pulse how do we find that kateed pulse it's located between the trachea and the sternomastoid muscle in the valley between those two structures we're going to use the flat part of our two fingers and press moderately in that

35:50 Valley I check for no more than 10 seconds and I note that the patient is not breathing normally and they are they do not have a pulse now you might say also well what do you mean breathing normally I mean what does that mean breathing normally is someone who is breathing and oxygenating agonal respirations which is basically like a fish out of water who's gulping or gasping for a breath does not equal regular breathing or normal breathing so to me agonal respirations are no respirations and there's no pulse and they're unresponsive so we're going to go right into CPR now let's talk about the technique of CPR right between the breasts on the sternum lower third of

36:35 the sternum we want to do a 2 to 2.4 in deep compression and we want to compress at a rate between 100 and 120 compressions per minute that's about two per second the other thing to note is that as you see me sitting on this bench I would not stay here to do these compressions it's a going to be very difficult and ex exhausting for me and B I'm going to end up rolling over their chest which does not adequately compress this hollow organ we call the heart we want to compress that heart which is sandwich between the sternum and the spine so that we can maximize that cardiac output the second feature of that is that once we do our 2 to 2.4 in deep compression we want to allow for

37:21 what we call full recoil that full recoil means we come right back up to the neutral position before we do our next compression and then lastly as we stand over our patient I want to come directly over the top of them with my elbows locked and using my upper body weight to do my full 2 to 2.4 inch deep compression 100 to 120 times per minute so here we go 1 and 2 and three and four and five and six and seven and 8 and 9 and 10 11 and 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 I grab my rescue mask seal it over the patient's face and nose give them a fold

38:07 aggressive head tilt chin lift and try two breaths first breath goes in chest rise and fall second breath goes in chest rise and fall right back into the same location and 30 more chest compressions I'm going to continue this 30 chest compressions to two rescue breaths until help arrives AED arrives or until my patient begins responding and breathing normally we're now going to run through the full scenario in real time of someone finding a person who's not breathing and in need of

38:52 CPR the person is on their own but someone responds to their call for help the scenario assumes The Rescuer does not have gloves or a face shield available to them help can I have some help please hi my name is Daman I'm a first aider can I help you are you all right 1 2 3 four five 6 7 8 nine 10 what's happened I don't know how can I help call 999 request for an ambulance

39:39 tell them I have an unconscious non- breathing casualty we're located at 650 the Cresent Business Park come back and tell me what they say should I get an ad yes please 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 one two 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

40:25 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 here's a unit thank you Lucy one adult patient call for medical assistance remove clothing from patient chest to expose bare skin pull green tab to remove pads peel pads from

41:14 liner assessing heart rhythm do not touch the patient okay just stand back please do not touch the patient analyzing do not touch the patient stand clear of patient shock advised okay stand clear of patient press the orange shock button now shock delivered begin CPR it is safe to touch the patient Place overlapping hands in middle of chest press directly down on the chest in time with metronome remain calm good compressions good compression

42:09 let's walk through the adult basic life support algorithm for healthcare providers this guide helps maximize survival during cardiac emergencies by providing a clear step-by-step process start by ensuring the scene is safe for you and others this prevents further harm to Rescuers or bystanders next approach the individual and check for responsiveness by tapping them and shouting if they don't respond shout for help and activate the emergency response system if others are present ask someone to retrieve an AED automated external defibrillator and Emergency Equipment while waiting check for normal breathing and a pulse for no more than 10 seconds look for signs of effective

42:56 breathing or gasping if the patient is breathing and has a pulse monitor them until emergency responders arrive if there's no normal breathing but a pulse is felt provide rescue breathing one breath every 6 seconds or 10 breaths per minute check the pulse every 2 minutes and start CPR if the pulse is lost if there's no breathing or pulse begin CPR immediately perform cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths push hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute compressing to a depth of 5 to 6 cm or 2 to 2.5 in use an add as soon as it's available when the

43:43 AED arrives turn it on and follow its prompts the AED will analyze the patient's heart rhythm and guide you on the next steps if the rhythm is shockable deliver one shock and resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes before rechecking the Rhythm if the Rhythm Is Not shockable resume CPR for 2 minutes and follow the AED prompts for further analysis continue performing CPR and using the AED until Advanced life support providers take over or the patient shows signs of life such as movement or normal breathing this systematic approach ensures timely and effective care during a cardiac emergency getting the patient the best possible chance of survival

44:30 remember in emergencies every second counts picture this you and another trained rescuer arrive at the scene to maximize efficiency one of you kneels at the patient's head while the other positions themselves at the chest The Rescuer at the chest begins compressions pushing hard and fast at two compressions per second after 30 compressions the head rescuer delivers two breits ensuring the chest Rises and Falls between each to prevent fatigue switch rolls every five Cycles transitions should be quick and smooth to maintain consistent compressions and oxygen delivery always stick to the 30 to2 ratio and focus on maintaining high

45:16 quality compressions [Music] okay now let's cover two rescuer adult CPR for the healthc care professional there's a couple nuances that I'm going to talk about here and that is the fact that when you have a second rescuer who's fully trained and knows how to help we can now share the responsibilities instead of a single rescuer doing everything but regardless of whether they have a simple face shield with a one-way valve or a full bag valve mask whether it's attached to oxygen or not it doesn't matter we have the capability of sharing these responsibilities so that we don't get as tired when we're doing these

46:02 compressions and rescue breaths so we're going to show you now that it's going to look very similar to a single rescuer in the assessment phase but then once we actually do the skills of CPR compressions to rescue breaths you're going to see how we share those responsibilities and how we coordinate a switch between the compressors so that no one is doing more than 2 minutes of C PPR compressions at any one given time without a rest so let's see how that looks so we're going to take it that our patient is here lying on the floor the scene is safe our gloves are on and we have a bag valve mask in this situation to do rescue breathing we call out to the patient are you all right sir are you okay they don't respond hand on the

46:48 forehead tap on the collar bone sir can you hear me they don't respond we're going to activate a code call 911 or call EMS now that that's done we're going to go ahead and get right into our assessment and check for normal breathing I check for a koted pulse during that same time for no more than 10 seconds jod this person is not breathing normally and they don't have a pulse I'm going to begin CPR if you could take the rescue breathing 1 and two and three and four and five and six and 7 and 8 and 9 and 10 11 and 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 notice how

47:34 jod reassured that there is a good aggressive head tilt chin lift he now uses the C form of sealing The Mask to the patient's face as he draws the chin up into the mask and now with a good seal delivers two rescue breaths first breath chest Rises and Falls second breath chest Rises and falls and I go right back into my 30 compressions we are going to continue this 30 compression to two rescue breaths for two minutes after those two minutes we're going to call out a switch and after he delivers after my 30 compressions two more rescue breaths he's going to go ahead and walk around and begin his chest compressions as I

48:20 get ready to do rescue breasts with the bag valve mask and this is what it looks like 1 and 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 breath breath one 2 3 4 five 6 78 9 10 and we would do this again for another two minutes and then we would call a switch again at which point I give the bag valve Mas back to my partner I come

49:06 back around and prepare for the chest compressions we would do this cycle of two person CPR until an AED arrives EMS or other definitive help arrives or the patient begins to revive and begins breathing normally on their own when performing CPR on a child the principles remain the same but the technique is adjusted to their smaller size for compressions use one hand for smaller children or both hands for larger ones place your hand on the sternum and compress the chest to about 1/3 to 1/ half of its depth push at the same rate as for adults 100 to 100 20 compressions per minute if you're

49:53 working alone use the standard 30 to2 ratio if you have a second rescuer switch to 15 compressions for every two breaths as children's cardiac arrests are often caused by breathing problems this adjustment prioritizes oxygen delivery to their lungs now let's cover one rescuer child CPR for the healthcare provider our scene is safe our gloves are on and our rescue mask with a one-way valve is available I'm in to call out to the child are you all right can you hear me they don't respond I now Place one hand on their forehead as I tap on their collar bone are you okay can you hear me the child still does not respond it's at

50:39 this time that I activate EMS call 911 or call a code if I have a bystander I'll send them to go call 911 and then have them come back with an AED if they have one available after this I need to assess this child for normal breathing and check their cored pulse I check it for no more than 10 seconds the child is not breathing and they do not have a pulse at this time I'm going to go right into CPR located between their breasts on the sternum I'm now going to start my 30 compressions compressing the chest onethird of the depth of their chest at a rate between 100 and 120 times per minute 1 and 2 and 3 and four and five and six and 7 and 8

51:25 9 and 10 11 and 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 I'm going to grab my rescue mask head tilt chin lift if it's not already there and I'm going to give two rescue breaths first one goes in second one goes in back onto the 30 compressions and I'm going to continue this 30 compressions to two rescue breaths until the patient revives until the AED arrives or until EMS or help comes in and can take over performing CPR on an infant

52:11 requires Precision due to their delicate Anatomy let's break down the steps step one check responsiveness tap the infants feet and call their name if there's no response act immediately St step two check circulation feel for a pulse on the brachial artery inside the upper arm use two fingers and check for 5 to 10 seconds if no pulse is felt or you're unsure start CPR step three chest compressions place your index and middle fingers on the center of the chest below the nipple line compress to about 1/3 to 1/2 the chest depth maintaining 100 to 100 and 120 compression per minute 2 per

52:58 second alone use a 30 to2 ratio 30 compressions two breaths with the second rescuer use a 15 to2 ratio prioritizing oxygen delivery since infant cardia arrests are often respiratory related step four Airway management keep the head in a neutral or sniffing position air Canal aligned with shoulders avoid over tilting the head as this can block the airway step five rescue breaths cover both the nose and mouth with your mouth gently blow until the chest Rises then allow it to fall before giving the next breath each breath should last about 1 second avoid overinflation to prevent Lung

53:45 injury step six continue CPR perform CPR Cycles until the infant shows signs of Life breathing or movement emergency Medical Services em arrive you're too exhausted to continue step seven CPR while carrying if necessary perform CPR while transporting the infant hold them securely in your right arm supporting their head with your hand use your left hands index and middle fingers for compressions key differences from adult CPR are infants heads must remain neutral to avoid Airway blockage use two fingers for compressions due to their

54:30 smaller chest size always cover both the nose and mouth for rescue breaths by following these steps you can effectively tailor CPR to an infant's unique needs and provide them the best chance of survival [Music] now we're going to cover one rescuer infant CPR for the healthc care professional our scene is safe our gloves are on our CPR Shield is available with a one-way valve and in

55:15 this situation we this we received a patient who has possibly been electricuted now we're going to place one hand on the forehead as we tap and try to stimulate the patient they do not respond to our Taps and shouts they are unresponsive and they're not breathing normally if we are in a situation where we still need to activate EMS we're going to call 911 and then we're going to begin our treatment if you're in an inhospital setting or in a clinical setting it may be now time to call a code so now as we check for that breathing to see if they're breathing normally we're also going to feel for a brachial pulse for no more than 10 seconds we check for

56:01 that brachial pulse by reaching on the inside of the bicep between the tricep and the bicep on the inside of the arm we do not feel a pulse and there is no normal breathing we're going to draw imaginary line across the nipples and drop our two fingers down on the lower third of the sternum when we do our compressions it's important to remember that the depth is going to be approximately 1/3 of the depth of the chest and the rate is going to be between 100 and 120 compressions per minute and it'll look like this 1 and 2 3 4 and 5 and 6 and 7 and 8 10 and 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 we grab our appropriate

56:51 sized CPR shield with a oneway valve but let's talk about CPR Shields or in this case rescue masks for a moment a rescue mask comes in a couple different sizes whereas a rescue Shield is usually a flat piece of plastic with a valve of some sort that's one way but here you've got something that can work with a bag valve mask as well and we see these more often in health care settings notice that on this side I have an infant size and in this one I have an adult if at all possible have the appropriate size for the size of the patient I have an infant line here I have an infant um pocket mask and so I'm going to use that size appropriately if all you had was the adults siiz mask there are tricks of the trade by turning it upside down that

57:36 we could use to try to make it work in this case we're using the infant size mask and we're going to cover the nose and the mouth bring the child's head into a neutral or a sniffing position sniffing position is when we're you smell that apple pie baking it's just a slight upturn of the nose it's not a head tilt chin lift it's just a nice neutral position and we're going to attempt two rescue breaths first breath went in second breath went in we know that because we saw chest rise and fall with minimization of delay between rescue breaths and chest compressions We Begin our second set of 30 compressions now we're going to do this 30 compressions to two rescue breaths

58:23 and we're not going to stop until we're ready to Def fibrillate this is the Pediatric basic life support algorithm for healthcare providers when responding as a single rescuer it provides a structured approach for managing cardiac or respiratory emergencies in children and infants start by ensuring the scene is safe for you and others then approach the child and check for responsiveness tap them gently and call out their name if there's no response shout for help and activate the emergency response system using a mobile device if available ask someone to retrieve an AED an emergency equipment if others are

59:09 present next check for breathing and pulse simultaneously spend no more than 10 seconds looking for normal breathing or gasping while checking the pulse if there's normal breathing and a pulse monitor the child until emergency responders arrive if there's no normal breathing but a pulse is present provide rescue breathing deliver one breath every 2 to 3 seconds or 20 to 30 breaths per minute reassess the pulse every 2 minutes if the pulse drops below 60 beats per minute with signs of poor perfusion begin CPR if there's no breathing or pulse start CPR immediately if the collapse was witnessed activate the emergency response system and retrieve an a Eed if

59:57 not already done for unwitnessed collapses begin CPR immediately perform cycles of 30 chest compressions and two breaths as a single rescuer if a second rescuer arrives switch to a ratio of 15 compressions to two breaths after about 2 minutes of CPR if you're still alone and haven't already done so activate the emergency response system and retrieve the a when the AED arrives turn it on and follow its prompts if the rhythm is shockable deliver one shock and immediately resume CPR for 2 minutes follow the aed's guidance to recheck the Rhythm continue this cycle until Advanced life support providers take

1:00:43 over or the child shows signs of life if the Rhythm Is Not shockable resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes before rechecking the Rhythm continue until professional responders or the child shows signs of life this structured algorithm ensures the right actions are taken at the right time maximizing the child's chance of survival remember quick and decisive action is key this is the Pediatric basic life support algorithm for two or more Rescuers it provides a structured response for managing cardiac or respiratory emergencies in children and infants start by insuring ing the scene is safe for you your team and others

1:01:30 approach the child check for responsiveness by tapping them gently and calling their name if there's no response the first rescuer stays with the child while the second rescuer activates the emergency response system and retrieves the AED and Emergency Equipment next check for breathing and pulse simultaneously spend no more than 10 seconds looking for normal breathing or gasping while checking the pulse If the child is breathing and has a pulse monitor them until emergency responders arrive if there's no normal breathing but a pulse is present provide rescue breathing one breath every 2 to 3 seconds or 20 to 30 breaths per minute reassess the pulse every 2 minutes if

1:02:16 the pulse Falls below 60 beats per minute with signs of poor perfusion begin CPR if there's no breathing or pulse start CPR immediately the first rescuer begins CPR performing cycles of 30 compressions at two breads once the second rescuer returns switch to cycles of 15 compressions and two breaths this prioritizes oxygen delivery as respiratory issues are often the cause of cardiac arrest in children after about 2 minutes or once the AED arrives assess the heart rhythm turn on the AED and follow its prompts if the rhythm is shockable deliver one shock and immediately resume CPR for 2

1:03:02 minutes allow the AED to recheck the Rhythm as prompted if the Rhythm Is Not shockable resume CPR for 2 minutes before reassessing continue until Advanced life support providers take over or the child show signs of life such as breathing or movement this team based approach ensures highquality CPR while minimizing risk your fatigue increasing the chances of survival for the child the key is coordination and effective communication between Rescuers performing CPR is a time-sensitive life-saving skill let's go over some critical notes to ensure it's done effectively first start CPR immediately

1:03:48 after confirming the patient is unresponsive and not breathing time is critical every second without oxygen increases the risk of irreversible brain damage or death it's important to know that CPR may cause minor injuries such as broken ribs especially in adults however these injuries are outweighed by the need to save the patient life broken ribs can heal death cannot be reversed before starting rescue breaths always check for Visible obstructions in the airway if you see something blocking the airway and it can be easily remove removed do so carefully never perform blind finger sweeps as this can push the obstruction deeper in situations where

1:04:34 rescue breaths cannot be provided perhaps because there's no barrier device available don't hesitate to perform hands only CPR continuous chest compressions can still circulate oxygen already in the blood buying valuable time for children and infants it's crucial to deliver both compressions and breaths unlike adults their cardiac arrests are often caused by respiratory failure meaning their bodies need oxygen as quickly as possible finally if no pulse is felt assume cardiac arrest and start chest compressions right away waiting or hesitating can cost precious time that the patient doesn't have by keeping these notes in mind you'll be better

1:05:20 prepared to perform cpri effectively and save lives best practices for Effective CPR to perform CPR effectively it's essential to follow these best practices each step ensures you're giving the patient the best chance of survival first focus on maintaining the proper compression depth for adults compress the chest 5 to 6 cm or 2 to 2.5 in for children compress about 1/3 to 1/ half the depth of their chest for infants used two fingers to compress 1/3 to 1/2 of their chest diameter next make sure the chest fully recoils after each compression this allows the heart to refill with blood

1:06:07 maximizing circulation keep a steady compression rate of 100 to 120 per minute or about two compressions per second consistency is key hand placement is also critical for adults and children place your hands at the center of the chest directly on the sternum for infants use two fingers just below the nipple line minimize interruptions between compressions and rescue breaths every second of delay reduces the effectiveness of CPR and decreases the patient chances of survival if another trained rescuer is present switch every five Cycles or approximately two minutes to avoid fatigue high quality compressions are

1:06:53 vital and switching helps main that standard finally when giving rescue breaths blow gently to prevent overinflating the lungs this is especially important for infants and children whose smaller lungs are more vulnerable to injury by following these best practices you ensure that your CPR efforts are as effective as possible giving the patient the greatest chance at recovery hands only CPR is a vital technique for situations where providing rescue breaths isn't possible by focusing solely on chest compressions it helps maintain circulation and buys valuable time until professional help arrives this approach is particularly

1:07:39 effective in adult sudden Cardiac Arrest especially if the collapse is witnessed the priority is keeping the blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs it's important to note that hands only CPR is less effective for children and infants as their cardiac arrests are often caused by respiratory issues in these cases oxygen is critical and rescue breaths are necessary to provide it hands only CPR is encouraged if a rescuer is unable or unwilling to perform rescue breaths for example if no barrier device is available or there are concerns about infection this technique can still make a difference while hands only CPR doesn't replace traditional CP

1:08:25 are it serves as a temporary an effective option to sustain circulation until Emergency Services arrive or additional equipment becomes available in any case doing something is always better than doing nothing before we move on to the next section we'd like to remind you that the following questionnaires are an essential part of your Learning Journey as part of the Blended learning program you'll need to complete these questions in your notebook this activity is designed to deepen your understanding of the material covered so far and ensure that you can apply these critical first aid Concepts in real life situations take your time to work through each question thoughtfully use examples from your manual and your own

1:09:12 knowledge to support your answers remember this exercise isn't just about answering the questions it's about reinforcing what you've learned and preparing yourself to act confidently in emergency situations if you're unsure about any of the answers refer back to your notes or the manual for guidance additionally keep track of your questions or areas where you feel uncertain so you can address these during the interactive or instructor-led sessions once you've completed the questions make sure to review your answers and identify key areas for improvement this step is vital for your growth and development as a competent first aider let's get started grab your notebook and begin tackling the

1:09:58 questions remember this is your opportunity to strengthen your understanding and build your skills good luck

1:10:52 true or false CPR questionnaire with EXP explanations one chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 60 compressions per minute answer false chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute this pace ensures effective circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body a rate of 60 compressions is too slow to maintain adequate blood flow two you should start see PR immediately after confirming the patient is unresponsive and not breathing answer true immediate action is critical in Cardiac Arrest cases

1:11:37 every second without CPR reduces the patient chance of survival check for responsiveness and breathing quickly and if the patient is unresponsive and not breathing start CPR without delay three for adult CPR compressions should be 5 to 6 cm 2 to 2.5 in deep answer true for Effective CPR on adults chest compressions must be deep enough 5 to 6 cm to create sufficient pressure to pump blood to vital organs compressions that are too shallow may not circulate blood effectively four rescue breaths are always necessary during hands only CPR answer false hands only CPR does not

1:12:26 include rescue breaths it focuses solely on chest compressions maintaining circulation until help arrives this method is recommended for untrained Rescuers or situations where giving breaths is not possible five it's okay to stop CPR once you get tired even if no one else can take over answer false CPR should continue until Emergency Medical Services EMS the patient shows signs of life or The Rescuer is physically unable to continue stopping too soon can significantly reduce the patient chance of survival Rescuers are encouraged to push through fatigue or seek assistance from others if

1:13:13 available six when performing CPR on an infant use two fingers to compress the chest answer true when performing CPR on a an infant use two fingers your index and middle fingers on the center of the chest just below the nipple line This ensures the compressions are effective without causing unnecessary injury to their small chest seven a can be used by anyone even without prior training answer true automated external defibrillators or aeds are designed to be user friendly and accessible to everyone even without training they provide clear Visual and audio prompts guiding Rescuers through each

1:14:00 step of the process eight for children CPR compressions should compress the chest to about 1/3 to 1/ half its depth answer true when performing CPR on a child compress their chest to 1/3 to 1 half of its depth this depth ensures effective blood flow while minimizing the risk of injury to their developing organs nine after delivering a shock with an AED you should immediately resume CPR answer true once an AED livers a shock you should immediately resume CPR this keeps blood circulating and maintains oxygen delivery while the AED continues to monitor the patient's heart

1:14:47 rhythm 10 CPR is less effective for children and infants if you don't include rescue bre answer true CPR for children and infants is less effective without rescue brats because respiratory failure is often the cause of cardiac arrest in these cases rescue brats deliver the oxygen they critically need