Brief Summary
The instructor welcomes students preparing for exams like CGL, CHSL, NTPC, SSC, and Railway exams, assuring comprehensive coverage in the class. The session includes a series of multiple-choice questions related to Indian Polity, History and Constitution, with detailed explanations. The instructor also shares motivational advice for students, emphasizing the importance of having excitement about studying and setting goals.
- Focus on comprehensive exam preparation for CGL, CHSL, NTPC, SSC, and Railway exams.
- Detailed explanations of Indian Polity, History, and Constitution questions.
- Motivational advice for students, emphasizing excitement and goal-setting.
Introduction
The instructor welcomes students to the class, especially those preparing for CGL and CHSL exams. He assures them that attending the daily 8:00 PM class will thoroughly prepare them for these exams, ensuring their selection. This class is beneficial for students targeting various exams, including CGL, CHSL, NTPC, SSC, and Railway exams, providing comprehensive coverage.
Constitution and Governance Questions
The session starts with a question on the deepest influence on the Indian Constitution, with the correct answer being the Government of India Act. Key features like the federal system, Governor's office, judiciary, Public Service Commission, emergency provisions, and administrative details were borrowed from the 1935 Act. The discussion moves to the chairman of the Union Power Committee, which was Jawaharlal Nehru. Other important figures mentioned include Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel for the Provincial Constitution Committee and B.R. Ambedkar for the Drafting Committee.
Principles of Governance and Constitutional Features
The discussion covers the working principle of presidential governments, which is the separation of powers. The instructor explains that the concept of division of power is a federal feature present in both parliamentary and presidential systems. The session then addresses the source of the judicial review provision in the Indian Constitution, which is the USA. Other features borrowed from the US Constitution include fundamental rights, independence of the judiciary, impeachment process, and the removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges.
Constitutional Amendments and Committees
The instructor emphasizes the importance of studying constitutional amendments and articles for SSC and Railway exams. He discusses the 42nd Amendment, noting that the words "Socialist," "Secular," and "Integrity" were added to the preamble, while "Dignity" was not. The correct order of the words in the preamble is Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, and Republic (SSSDR). The session then identifies the Kaka Kalelkar Commission as the one associated with Backward Classes, established in 1953 to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.
Describing the Indian Constitution and Citizenship
The instructor explains that Article 1 of the Indian Constitution describes India as a "Union of States," distinguishing it from the USA, which is a "Federation of States." The power to regulate citizenship in India lies with the Parliament, as per Article 11. The concept of citizenship was borrowed from the British Constitution.
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
The session identifies "Equal wages for equal work" as not being a fundamental right but a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP). The instructor asks the students to specify the article number for DPSP. He then explains that the separation of the judiciary from the executive is provided in the DPSPs, specifically Article 50, emphasizing its importance for the country's proper functioning.
Schedules and Languages of the Constitution
The instructor mentions that the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution includes official languages, with a total of 22 official languages. He lists the amendments related to languages: the 21st Amendment (Sindhi), the 71st Amendment (Nepali, Konkani, Manipuri), and the 92nd Amendment (Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali). Additionally, the 96th Amendment changed "Oriya" to "Odia."
Location of Raisina Hills and Vice President's Role
Raisina Hills is identified as the location where the President resides. The instructor motivates students to aim for jobs in ministries, highlighting the prestige and satisfaction of working in such roles. The Vice President is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha, although not a member of either the Parliament or the Rajya Sabha.
First Female PM and Council of Ministers
The first female Prime Minister in the world was Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka. Indira Gandhi was the first female PM of India. The instructor clarifies that the Cabinet Secretary is not included in the Council of Ministers, which comprises cabinet ministers, ministers of state, and deputy ministers.
Historical Events and Figures
Rajkumar Shukla met Mahatma Gandhi at the 1916 Lucknow session of the Congress, urging him to visit Champaran. This session is significant as it marked Gandhi's first appearance on a political stage. Max Muller was the first to describe Aryans as a race. Bal Gangadhar Tilak is identified as an extremist leader in the Indian National Congress.
Buddha's Mahaparinirvana and Mauryan Emperor Ashoka
Gautam Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana (death) in Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh. He attained Nirvana in Bodh Gaya and delivered his first sermon in Sarnath. The Mauryan Emperor Ashoka was referred to as Devanam Priyadarsi.
Cultural Influences and South Indian Dynasties
The introduction of curtains in Indian theater was brought by the Greeks. The emblems of the South Indian dynasties are correctly matched: Chola (Tiger), Chera (Bow and Arrow), and Pandya (Fish).
Gupta and Chalukya Rulers
The first known Gupta ruler was Sri Gupta. Harsha Vardhana was defeated by the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II in 618 AD at the Battle of Narmada, halting his southern expansion.
Governor Generals and Their Contributions
The instructor matches the Governor Generals with their key contributions: Dalhousie (Doctrine of Lapse), Cornwallis (Zamindari System), and William Bentinck (Abolition of Sati).
Khajuraho Temples and Chola Dynasty
The Khajuraho temples were built by the Chandela dynasty, who established their rule in the 9th century in the present-day Madhya Pradesh region. The title "Tyaga Samudra" was not held by Chola King Rajendra; it was associated with Chola King Vikram.
Ibn Battuta and Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Ibn Battuta came to India from Morocco. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 is associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement, which was called off as a result of the pact.
Founders of Institutions and Upcoming Session
Durga Bai Deshmukh is known as the founder of the Andhra Mahila Sabha. The instructor announces an upcoming session to discuss strategies for preparing for the CGL and CHSL exams, encouraging students to join. He promotes a batch designed to help students rank well in 90 days, and jokes with the students, reassuring them that he enjoys interacting with them.
