0:00 Hello friends, welcome to another episode of Mughal Empire with Navdeep sir. In this class, we will be studying Mughals in a way that will correct each and every question in your exam. First of all, we will cover the theoretical session and then we will cover the most important MCQs. So let's start friends, without wasting time, let's start and a lot of things that we want to know about the Mughals are going to be very important for us. I request you all to subscribe to the channel once because daily you will get to know about You will get such lectures in the series of 45 days and 45 one
0:48 shots which are very high intensity topics for you. These are very important topics. And then let's start today's wonderful and lively session. Friends, if the first word that comes to your mind about the Mughals is the word "Mongol" There are many historians about the word Mughal but this word originated from Mongolia. Who were the Mongols? We all know that Mongols were rulers of Mongolia in the early days. And among the Mongols, we will talk about two of them. One of them is Genghis Khan. And this Genghis Khan is remembered
1:33 by the name of Genghis Khan. So the first point is Genghis Khan. And after Genghis Khan, the second point is The name of the person who was the ancestor of Ganesh Khan was Timur Lang. Timur Lang is known in the name of Timur Lang because he was Timur Langda. The point is that the descendants of Taimur Lang and Ganges Khan are called Mughals. So friends, the word Mughal has come from the Mughals. So whenever you are asked a question about this, you must read it carefully and understand
2:24 it. Where did the word Mughal come from? So the word Mughal came from the Mughals. Now the second point is that Genghis Khan and Taimur Lang are the descendants of these two. Let's move the story a little further and tell you in the story how Mirza Zahiruddin Beg Muhammad Khan Babar came to India and slowly established himself in India. If you look carefully, you will find that Babar was Genghis Khan Chattai Khan and directly after that, Kutlugnigar Khanum who was the mother of Babar and Timur, who was born
3:09 from Genghis Khan. From Timur, Miranshah Mirza, Sultan Muhammad Mirza, Sultan Abu Said Mirza and Umar Sheikh Mirza. So remember, Genghis Khan's lineage. From the descendants of Genghis Khan, on one side is Yunus Khan from Kutlugnagar Khanum and on the other side is Sultan Abu Said Mirza from Umar Sheikh Mirza. When I talk about Umar Sheikh Mirza, the title that Umar Sheikh Mirza adopted was Mirza. And later Babar left this Mirza title. I will tell you the story behind why Babar left it because Babar took a title called Padshah. The king is called Badshah in the Delhi kingdom. All the kings in the
3:56 Delhi kingdom took the title of Sultan. But when the Mughals came here, they were of different origins. Mughals came from Samarkand and Fargana. Mughals did not take the title of Sultan. They kept the Sultan aside. After the death of Ibrahim Lodi, Babar was the first to rule the country. After Ibrahim Lodi's death, Sultan was the new king. Mughal Pasha and Mughal Pasha became Mughal Badshah. So, let's move on, friends. I will teach you a lot of things in this and you will get a lot of interesting things. Friends, Timur Lang. We
4:43 all know that India came from Samarkand and Timur Lang invaded India in 1398. In 1398, the place where Timur Lang invaded India was called Delhi. And when Timur Lang invaded Delhi, the ruler of Delhi was Mahmud. And Mahmud was the ruler of Tughlaq dynasty. Nasiruddin Mahmud was present in Delhi during the invasion of Timur Langde. So in 1398 AD Timur Langa attacked Delhi. Delhi never saw a more violent attack than this. The way Timur
5:29 Lang attacked and destroyed everything in Delhi. The ruler of this region was Nasiruddin Tughlaq. Now let's move on to Timur's dynasty. Sultan Abu Said Mirza and Umar Sheikh Mirza. Umar Sheikh Mirza was the ruler of Samarkand. There is a place in Samarkand called Fargana. Fargana is a valley and it used to be the ruler of the valley area. In the time of Umar Sheikh Mirza's rule, another person opposed Umar Sheikh Mirza. The person who
6:19 opposed Umar Sheikh Mirza was Shabani Khan. Shabani Khan and Umar Sheikh Mirza fought in the battle of Babar. Umar Sheikh Mirza's son Babar was a little weak against Shabani Khan's military tactics. However, Babar's military tactics are considered superior in India. It is said that Babar was better in military tactics than Indian generals. But in Samarkand, where Babar had to fight Shebani Khan, Babar was not that strong in front of Shebani Khan because the technique of both of them was the same. The martial art used by Babar in India is called Tulguma. But that Tulguma method could not be used in front of Shabani Khan. Because Shabani Khan was more powerful
7:09 and he kept Babar in exile. He tries to get Samarkand back but he fails to do so. His father's Samarkand, the king of Umar Sheikh Mirza, is left in the hands of Babar. Babar then marries the princess of Kabul. As soon as Babar married the princess of Kabul, Babar was interested in Kabul. And Babar came from Tajikistan to Kabul. And when Babar came from Tajikistan to Kabul, then after coming to Kabul, he showed him the way to India. It is said that there is spirituality in the air of India. And if anyone has said that there is spirituality in the air of India, then it is Mirza Zahiruddin Begmohammad Khan Babar. Babur, whose
7:57 face you will see, will tell you that he is not a Turk but a Mongolian. Usually, Mongolians have smaller eyes than Chinese. Their skin is more smooth on the face because they are from cold region. And in cold region, you will see these features. But let's understand it in a simplified way. In a simplified way, we find that Umar Sheikh Mirza, the ruler of the Fargana Valley, took the Sashan from Umar Sheikh Mirza's hand. Umar Sheikh Mirza took the Sashan from a person named Shebani Khan. And Shebani Khan's hands were not able to take the Sashan from
8:44 Babar. Babar marries a woman in Kabul and then he comes to India. Now the story of Babar will start with India. But before that I will show you some photos of Babar. Look carefully, there are six important rulers in the Mughals. The first important ruler in the Mughals is Mirza Zahiruddin Beg Muhammad Khan Babar. After that, the second important ruler is Nasiruddin Beg Muhammad Humayun. The third important ruler is Jalaluddin Akbar. The fourth important ruler is Nuruddin Jahangir. The fifth important ruler is Shihabuddin Shah Jahan and
9:31 the sixth important leader is Muhyiddin Aurangzeb. All these names are of the Mughals. And many times even KBC has asked the question of what was the original name of Humayun? Humayun had his original name as Nasiruddin Beg Muhammad Khan. I will tell you the story but before that, please subscribe to the channel because you will get exclusive sessions with Navdeep sir. Let's move on. If you look at the map of India, you will realize
10:17 that India is a considerable part of the Mughal Empire. So, we can understand this in the case of early Mughals vs later Mughals. Early Mughals means that the first Mughals were very strong and the early Mughals ruled from 1526 to 1707. Later Mughals came after the rule of 1506-1707. Later Mughals were not that strong. They destroyed the glory of the Mughal Empire from 1707 to 1857 AD. Now, when I teach history, I get lost in history. And you will
11:03 also get lost. You will have to forget everything in detail. And we have come a long way to forget that. We have come a long way to forget that. We will cover the best part of the story. Let's watch it carefully. If you look at the understanding between the two, then how did the early Mughals and later Mughals move forward? First of all, Babur came to India and the hand that was in the hands of Babur was the hand of the governor of Ibrahim Lodi, whose name was Daulat Khan Lodi. You read stories about Babur and you get to know a
11:50 lot of things about Babur. Babur is the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. Babur's original name was Mirza Zahiruddin Beg Muhammad Khan. Babur's rule lasted from 1526 to 1530 in India. And let's talk about Babur. Babur actually wrote his own self-portrait. And the self-portrait of Babur is in the Chagatai Turkish language. His name is Tujuk-e-Babri. So Babar's autobiography is called Tuju Ke Babri and it was written in Chaktai Turkish language. If you go further down from Chaktai Turkish language, you will find another one. And that is the translation of Tuju Ke Babri in Babar's time. And the translation of Tuju Ke Babri is called Babarnama.
12:37 Which was done by Abdul Rahim Khan Khana, which means Rahim Das. In British times, it was translated into English. So I will definitely give you the source of that. And I will give you the source so that you can take the sources with you. And whenever I give you the sources, you have to understand them. You have to read those sources. What did Babur say about India? What did Babur think about India? And why Babur came to India? So now, coming on to this particular part. Babur has written his autobiography. What is the name of his autobiography? The name of Babur's autobiography is Tujuk-e-Babri. Tujuk-e-Babri
13:28 or the one who was written in the Chagtai Turkish language, was basically written by those people. Or Chagtayi Turkish, which is a book of those people who can speak Uzbek language, they can understand it. So it was written in Chagtayi Turkish language. Later, the translation of this autobiography took place during the time period of Akbar. And the translation is during the time period or let's say the translation is during the reign of Akbar. Who did this in Akbar's rule? So friends, Rahim Das
14:14 has been translated. Or Rahim Das was called Abdur Rahim Khan-e-Khana. So Abdur Rahim Khan-e-Khana. Do you know whose son Abdur Rahim Khan-e-Khana was? He was the son of Bayram Khan. So you have to remember this point that Akbar's regent was Bayram Khan. He was his son. Let's move ahead friends. Abdur Rahim Khan-e-Khana translated it. So it was named Babar Nama. And this babarnama is translated into Persian. After a while, we find that the translation was done again. So, the English translation was also asked many times in
15:00 the exam. And the English translation was done by A.S. Beveridge. The translation of this beverage is Babarnama. This is the title of this beverage. There is another topic on which we will discuss. The translation of Abdul Rahim Khane Khana is Persian and the translation of AS Beverage is Babar Nama. Do you know what is in this? Its name was Anetsuna Beverage and the person named Anetsuna Beverage translated Babar Nama. The point is that I will take some references from this. I will also tell you some page numbers of AS Beverage's Babar Nama. Many times in history, there are many myths. It is also necessary
15:47 to break those myths. Like, in history, there are also myths that did Rana Sanga call Babar or not? That too is a story behind which a long debate went on once in the parliament, a member of parliament used the word 'Gaddaar' like a word. Apart from that, friends, did Rana Sanga call Babar or not? Did Akbar win the battle of Haldighati or not? There are different historians who give their own opinions. So, the right wing, we call them, has to write something different about the historians there. The left wing, we call them, has to write something different about the historians there. And let me tell you, I will keep quoting you the accounts of the historians. Don't worry, you will get to see each and every thing properly. Now, let's
16:36 see friends. Abdul Rahim Khan Khana was given the title of Khan Khana by Akbar Now coming on to Babur As I told you about Babur Babur established the Mughal Empire in India Babur was invited So who invited Babur? Remember Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi And Daulat Khan Lodi was the governor of Punjab Babar's Atma Katha is full of motivation. Babar wrote that when he lost the battle of Bajaur, his army was demotivated. To motivate his army,
17:22 he wrote that what happened was that a battle was lost and not everything was lost. He was not ready to bow his head and fight. Ek baar phir se suniye, kya mazedar baat hai? Kya hua jo haar gaye ek jang? Abhi sab kuch nahi haare, wo adam ya sahas aur echha shakti jo sir jhukanay aur shizda karne ko tayyar nahi. What if we lost a battle? We have not lost the indomitable will and spirit that will never bow down before anyone. This is the amazing thing that Babar has written in his own story. Anyway, Governor of Punjab, Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babar. Babar came to
18:07 India. In 1494, Babar became the ruler of Fargana, which is in Chinese Turkestan. But the point is that When Daulat Khan called him to India, Babar was already fighting Shebani Khan. Babar understood that there was no logic left to fight. So Babar slowly shifted towards India. Babar came to Kabul around 1504. And after Kabul, from 1519 to 1523, he attacked Lahore in the Northwestern Front of India four times. The problem is that Babar attacks the Northwestern Front of India, but Babar did not succeed in the initial phase. The reason behind this is Daulat Khan Lodi. Daulat Khan
18:53 Lodi was very powerful. And Daulat Khan Lodi was so powerful that he did not let Babar come to India. When Babar could not come to India, Babar thought it was right to wait and after a few days, Babar received an invitation to attack India. Now there are two questions here. Did Daulat Khan Lodi call Babar to India or Rana Sanga? I will give you an analysis of both. After analysis, you will get clarity. The first thing is that Rana Sanga What was the need for Rana Sanga to call Babar to India? If this is written somewhere, then it is Babar Nama only. It
19:39 is written in Babar Nama that I got a letter from Rana Sanga in which in the first battle of Panipat, Rana Sanga was asked to support me. When I arrived with my army in the first battle of Panipat, I did not see a single person of Rana Sanga's army against Ibrahim Lodi. This is written in Babar Nama. So, this is how we know that Rana Sanga must have called Babar. But, history is not just one side of history. We also have to look at the other side. All the sources of the modern Indian history, like the Rajprashti written by Ranchhor Bhatt, or the Vanshawali of Mewar, or the historians of Rajasthan and other Indian historians,
20:24 say that Between 1518 and 1519, two battles were fought between Rana Sanga and Ibrahim Lodi. One was the battle of Khatoli between Rana Sanga and Ibrahim Lodi. And the other was the battle of Bari or Dholpur between Rana Sanga and Ibrahim Lodi. In both these battles, Rana Sanga was defeated conclusively. And when Rana Sanga gave a conclusive defeat, Ibrahim Lodi sat quietly on his Delhi throne. Rana Sanga The letters of Rana Sangha suggest that even Babar wanted help from Rana Sangha. On one side, Babar writes that Rana Sangha promised to help him. On the other side, Rana Sangha's sources say that Babar wanted to help him.
21:09 So this becomes a very disputed issue. So the history of one side turns on the other side. Because if we consider a book as history, So, the problem with considering one book as history is that we have to consider the story of King Prithviraj Chauhan as true. The story of the four bans, the 24 gaj, the Angulashtra Pramana, the Taupar Sultan, Machu's Chauhan. We do not consider these stories as true because it is natural that we cannot consider the history written by one person as the source. Okay, let's move on. After moving on, the story is that between 1519 and 1523, Babar tried to conquer India, but he could not. Zahir-al-Din Muhammad, who is in Fargana, Uzbekistan, where Genghis Khan's ancestor Babur was born. Babur took
21:56 himself to India Dau Lat Khan Lodi actually helped Babar to attack India and when Babar attacked India, the first battle took place on 21st April 1526. And the first battle took place on 21st April 1526, which means the first battle of Panipat. In the first battle of Panipat, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated. After defeating Ibrahim Lodi, Babar said that he is now the winner of Delhi and Agra. Remember, who is the winner of both Delhi and Agra? Babar. Babar captured both Agra and Delhi. He sent his son Humayun to Agra. Now, coming on to Agra. Why was Agra important for the Mughals? And
22:43 how long was Agra important for the Mughals? Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir. These are the four rulers who ruled from Agra. And mainly, Agra was their most important venue. Even if we don't talk about Babar, Humayun, Akbar and Jahangir were established in Agra because Delhi was very fragile during Humayun's time. Humayun was fine, but Humayun was very troubled by Sher Shah Suri. Babur controlled 1526-1530, and occupied the eastern part of India. Babur fought 4 battles in India. Babur's 4 main battles are told by people. If I tell
23:29 you the trick, you will laugh. And the trick is to drink water, eat food and wear a sandalwood ghaagra. This is a very interesting trick in Hindi. I will give you the written version of this trick. So the trick is to drink water, eat food and wear a sandalwood ghaagra. If you want to remember this trick then it is a good thing, if you don't want to remember then leave it. The point is that first of all, after drinking water, this is the first battle of
24:14 Panipat. So the first battle of Panipat happened in 1526. In 1526, the date is 21st April but no need to remember the date. Now after eating this water and food, remember in 1526, Babar versus Ibrahim Lodi and Ibrahim Lodi was defeated Ibrahim Lodi was the ruler of Delhi Delhi's ruler and after defeating Ibrahim Lodi, Babar Then the second point is that after eating food, this is the battle of Khanwa. So the battle of Khanwa was fought at the border of Rajasthan and UP. Now coming on to this topic that the battle of Khanwa took place in 1527 and in 1527, the
25:00 one with whom Babar fought, he was Rana Sangram Singh I or Rana Sanga was the name of the ruler of Maywal. Then the third battle of Chandni Chali is the Battle of Chanderi. And Chanderi is a beautiful place in Madhya Pradesh. There was a shooting in Chanderi. Have you seen the movie "Kati Raat Main Kheto Me Tu Aai Nahi" This was the second part. I think the first part was about the shooting of the 'Ostri Kalana' in Chanderi, Madhya Pradesh. So, you have to remember this point as well. Now, when I tell you about the battle of Chanderi, it was in 1528.
25:47 The date is not important, the year is important. In 1528, Babar again fights a warrior, a friend of Rana Sanga, whose name used to be Medini Rai. And then, Battle of Ghagra. Battle of Ghagra. Battle of Ghagra. Battle of Ghagra. Battle of Ghagra. Battle of Ghagra. The combined forces of the Afghani people fought here. So, Babur versus Afghans. Sultan Muhammad Lodi was also a
26:36 ruler in the Afghans. Let's move on and after that we will continue the story. Let's move on. Ghagra is a river but Ghagra is a dress. There was a war on the banks of the river Ghagra. The rulers of the lower part of Bihar like Mahmud Lodi and Nusrat Shah fought in the war. It is important to note that Babur won all these battles Babur established
27:26 himself and took over a considerable portion of India's territory Babur died in 1530 And now the point is that when Babar died in 1530, then after Babar's death in 1530, initially, initially means where was he buried in the initial period, then initially buried at Arambagh. And this Arambagh is in Agra. So initially Babar was buried in Agra. After that, the body of Babar
28:12 was taken to Kabul and buried there. You all know where Kabul is. Kabul is Afghanistan. Afghanistan was always a place of fights. So the area of Afghanistan is an important area. But Babar was an interesting personality. Historians say that Babar was the least interested man in women. Still he had 13 wives and 20 more issues. This means that Babar had the least interest in women. Babar, despite having less interest in women, There were more than 13 marriages and more
28:58 than 20 children of Babar. This is called a historical fact. Although some of them are confirmed. Now the point is that Babar was not interested and he married 13. And what if he was interested by mistake? Then think about it. Oh ho ho ho ho. This means that the matter was a mess. Anyways, coming on to Babar again. Babar took some titles. Babar took some titles. Babar took one title first. Which is called Kalandar. So, Babar took another title called Pasha which later became Badshah. Babar took another title
29:43 called Ghazi. Babur took the title of Ghazi after winning the war with Rana Sanga. Why did Babur take the title of Ghazi? Babur named the battle of Hanwa as Jihad. Remember, Babur called the battle of Jihad. Jihad means struggling and striving against sin. If you read the Holy Quran, you will find that Jihad means fighting against the inner sin. But Babar changed the meaning of this. Babar said that we have to fight against these infidels. We have
30:29 to fight against these infidels who do not believe in Islam. We have to kill them. Babar named it Jihad. So Babar used the religious tool. And then Babar named the fight for religion. He named it Ghazi because Ghazi means the winner of religion. The one who is the winner of the war is called Ghazi. This point is important to remember. Babur was the winner of Ghazi. After a while, you will find more stories. And you will enjoy those stories. Babur is the first to
31:15 fight with Ibrahim Lodi. And then he faces the leader of the Rajputs, Rana Sanga. The more I read and tried to understand Rana Sangha, the more I tried to understand him. When I read the sources of Mewar to know Rana Sangha, the controversy that happened last year was that a parliamentarian, a person, a parliamentarian of Agra, had said something to Rana Sangha. After that, I got interested to study these personalities. So I came to know that in the initial stage, Rana Sangha was not a ruler, one of his three brothers. His elder brothers were very strong and they were going to rule the kingdom but they died in an untimely way and after that
32:03 Rana Sanga had to flee from Mewar and became the ruler of Mewar around 1508 and the moment Rana Sanga became the ruler of Mewar immediate threats like the Malwa Sultan defeated them, the Gujarat Sultan defeated them, Malwa unified all the Rajput kingdoms after defeating the Gujarat Sultan. All the Rajput kingdoms followed the same thing that Rana Sanga used to say, Mewar became the most important place in Rajasthan so Rana Sangha was very powerful ruler when I got to studied about him or Rana Sangha Ibrahim Lodi go be dobar hara chuket Malwa Sultan Gujarat Sultan kohara chuket so Rana Sangha built Chittor very importantly or Kaibar to yeh prashan uthaya jata hai na dosto ki Rana Sangha negar
32:52 Ibrahim Lodi ko hara diya tha to Delhi pe kabza kyun hi kiya tax le liya The point is that if you are the ruler of India and defeat any ruler of Kabul Will you take the capital of New Delhi to Kabul or will you try to make New Delhi strong? Any person who goes to a place after leaving his birthplace wants that all the control is mine but my birthplace is the capital of this country. Maybe this is what you must have thought. Logically, we don't get much more than this. But I will take you a little further, friends. It is said that there were 80 wounds in the body, but still there was no pain in the mind. Let's move on to the battle of Khanwa between Babar
33:37 and Rana Sanga. After the battle of Khanwa, Babar made a huge advance in India. Babar actually makes the tarbooj farm. So, because of Babar, watermelon also came to India. It is believed that watermelon or tarbooj was brought by Babar. So, the watermelon farming started in India because of Babar. If you read more facts about Babar, you will find it interesting. Babar was a good person. He was a military superior. He was a military superior. And when I say that he was a military superior, Babar was against Rana Sanga. Tulguma war technique was used by Babur
34:22 in the battle of Khanwa. This is an important point for us. Before this, an important point is that when Babur fought Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat, cannons were used. Cannons means cannons. So, they used cannons and artillery. And the artillery was in charge of Mustafa Rumi Khan. So, Mustafa Rumi Khan is also often mentioned as the in-charge of cannons and artillery. So, the in-charge of cannons and artillery was Mustafa Rumi Khan. I am seeing that some people are trying to make
35:09 friends in the comment section. Let me tell you one thing, there is no Babar Akbar here. Your friendship will only be accepted when you are in a situation. If SSC CGL is cracked, then become a friend, whoever you want to be. If SSC CGL is not cracked or SSC CHSL is not cracked, then no friendship will be accepted. My friend, let me tell you one thing. To marry Sita, not only being a Ram is not enough To marry Sita, not only being a Ram is not enough, but also the ability to break the bow So it's not enough that you are Lord Rama and you can marry Sita You should have the strength to break the
35:58 bow and arrow So do some hard work, do this friendship later On 1527, Rana Sanga, Marwad, Aamir, Gwalior, Ajmer, Chandiri's Sashko and Sultan Mahmud Lodi's battle with Babar took place in a village called Khanwa. There were two or three different methods of this battle. Babar was a military superior. Babur saw the weakness of the Indian rulers. Babur used guns and the elephant ran in the opposite direction. Sultan Mahmud Lodi was also removed from Babur's army. Pauwar was also removed from the
36:45 army of Rana Sanga. So many military setbacks were seen. Babur captured Ghazi Gopadli and Chanderi in 1528. On 6th May 1539, the Afghans of Bihar, Nusrat Shah and Sultan Mahmud Lodi, fought a battle near the Ghaaghara river bank near Patna. Later they lost the battle to Babar. Babar took a good portion of North India. So, in summary, Babar was made by Mirza Zahiruddin Begmohamad Khan. Babar finished the title of Mirza. And after finishing the title of Mirza, he took the title of the king. After Babar, comes Babar's son Humayun. And if you know the story of Humayun, then Humayun is a very interesting
37:31 character. Why is Humayun an interesting character? I will tell you that. Humayun was Babar's eldest son. Humayun means fortune. Humayun means 'Bhagyawan' and if you look at the worst of Humayun, then there is no one in the entire Mughal Empire. So the one whose name means 'Bhagya' is the most unfortunate. Now, the thing is not even with the name. Aakash's son is living on the ground floor. The girl named Mehak can do anything in this world. So you cannot judge a person by name. So Bhagyawan can also be unfortunate. The most unfortunate ruler of Mughal Empire. Let me tell
38:18 you about Humayun in the beginning. Humayun had captured Agra and Delhi. Babar's army was the only one with Sher Shah Suri. Babar called Sher Shah Suri as the cunning Afghan. Babar wanted to trap Sher Shah Suri in Chanderi. He failed to trap Babar in Chanderi but after Babar's death, he gradually started to strengthen himself in Bihar and Bengal. After the strongening of Sher Shah Suri in Bihar and Bengal, the story of the story goes on. Humayun wins the Chunar, the surrounding areas and Humayun moves forward in the victory of these areas and reaches Bengal. When Humayun reaches Bengal, it is said about Sher Saat Suri that
39:05 he had increased the supply of Afim. What is this story? So watch the story carefully. Friends, the story is that, listen a little, it will be fun here. So, the point is that Humayun had won over Kalinjar, Bundelkhand, and all these places. Doraura's two Afghans were defeated. Sultan Mahmood Lodi took Janpur and Amrpur. Bahadur Shah took Gujarat. Everything was going on. So, brother, Humayun is here. So, here is Humayun's Humayun initially went to Bengal. Humayun wanted to win. Humayun reached Bengal.
39:50 Humayun first demanded Afim. Humayun was a fan of Afim. There are no two opinions here. Humayun used to love opium. Humayun was a fan of Afim and he used to drink it. Humayun reached Bengal and Sher Sah Suri was in the middle of the journey. And Sher Khan or Sher Sah Suri increased the supply of Afim in Bengal. Humayun was so happy to eat Afim in Bengal that he changed the name of Bengal and said that this is
40:35 Jannatabad. People asked why Jannatabad? He said that it was fun and Afim was the best here. Let's move on to the best of him. When Humayun was walking ahead, his companions reminded him that he was ruling over Delhi. When it came to returning to Delhi, Humayun and Sher Sa Suri fought each other. There was a battle between Humayun and Sher Sa Suri called the Battle of Chausa in 1539. Do you know where Chausa is? It is on the border of UP and Bihar. Afim is a kind of intoxicating substance. You must have
41:21 heard of the word opium. In villages, they say, "Have you eaten Afim?" "You are talking nonsense." That is Afim. Afim means opium. It is a substance of intoxication. It is called blood thinner. So, the story is that Sher Khan and Humayun meet in the Battle of Chausa. Humayun defeats Sher Khan. And from here, Sher Khan takes the title of Sher Shah. And because it was of Sur, so Sher Shah Suri. It means it was of Sur dynasty. After that, Sher Sah Suri followed Humayun again and when Humayun ran away, then once again there was a war in Kannauj. And Kannauj, you know about
42:06 Kannauj, Kannauj is Itranagri and the battle of Kannauj took place in Itranagri. This battle of Kannauj is also called the Battle of Bilgram. And in this battle of Kannauj or the Battle of Bilgram, once again, Humayun and Sher Khan's armies met each other and as Humayun and Sher Khan's armies met each other, Humayun's condition worsened even more in this war. In 1540, Humayun lost in such a way that Humayun was forced to leave Delhi. So Humayun left Delhi. What did Humayun do? Humayun left Delhi and went straight to his brother Lahore. His brother used to live in Lahore. His brother's name was Askari.
42:54 So he sent him to ask him what he wanted. So he went and met Sher Sasuri. He said that he wanted to leave her. She said that she would follow him. Humayun ran away from here and went to Persia. And in Persia, Safavid rulers used to rule. So, just like the Mughal Empire was in India, the Safavid Empire was in Persia. And there was a ruler in the Safavid Empire whose name was Shah Tahmashp. Shah Tahmashp
43:44 was a very good friend of Babur. Friend of Babur. When Humayun reached Humayun, he told Shah Tahmashp in the Safavid Empire that I am your friend Babur's son. Shah said, "What's the matter? Where is Babar?" Babar passed away in 1530. 10-12 years have passed. Parshya had reached Humayun around 1542. He said, "Oh, this is a very sad news. How did you come here?" Humayun said, "I just came to roam around. I have a Mughal kingdom there. But I wanted to meet you a little because you are my uncle." Shah said, "Wow, what a great thing to meet uncle, nephew. Come, be happy, enjoy."
44:31 Now, Humayun stayed with Shah for 3 months, 6 months, 3 years. After 3 years, Shah asked him, "What are you doing in Persia for 3 years? Will you go or not?" Humayun said, "I will go." Humayun was killed by the Kalinjar of Sher Khan. So, Sher Shah Suri died in 1545 in order to defeat Kalinjar. And as soon as the story of the death of Sher Shah Suri is revealed, Humayun was very happy to know about the death of Sher Shah Suri. Humayun said
45:17 that he enjoyed it and now he will get a chance to go back to India. So after hearing the death of Sher Shah Suri, Humayun tried to come to India, so he asked the king to give him some army. He said that he will give Kabul to the king and then he will go to Delhi. The king said that he will give Kabul to the king and then he will go to Delhi. Now Humayun took the army and headed for Delhi. It took him about 10 years to reach Delhi. Humayun came back
46:03 to Delhi again. Humayun came back to Delhi again. In 1555, a battle was fought with Sikandar Suri. This battle was called Battle of Sarhind. This battle took place in June 1555. This battle was called Humayun vs. Sikandar Suri. Humayun wins this battle with Sikandar Suri. Humayun once
46:52 again re-established his rule over Delhi. Humayun wins the battle and Sikandar Suri loses. Now friends, the story is very interesting. Humayun has returned to India in 1555. He used to drink Afim. Once he climbed in the library. There was a librarian, he had a very good friend. His name was Mullah Surk. So he was talking to Mullah Surk. He must have taken Afim in his intoxication. Now after that, he got down from the stairs. I don't know how his leg slipped. And as soon as his leg slipped, the body came down. But the soul left the body. and the soul left
47:39 the body Humayun became the heaven in 1556 Who will be the next ruler? The next ruler will be Akbar after Humayun. Where did Akbar come from? Humayun was going towards Persia, and he married his brother Asghar's daughter Hamida Banu Begum. When Humayun was running towards Persia, Hamida Banu Begum was pregnant at that time. So, there is a place in Pakistan called Amarkot. So, in the Amarkot state of Pakistan, Soda Rajputs used to rule. Soda Rajputs
48:25 had a Rana Veersal. He left his pregnant wife in the palace of Rana Veersal. Humayun ran towards Persia. Humayun did not even see his son's face. Akbar was born in 1542 in the palace of Rana Veer Saal. After that, Akbar was gradually brought to India. After hearing the death of Humayun, Akbar was first crowned in 1556 in the place of Kalanur in Punjab. After crowning in Kalanur, when he came to Delhi, he found out that that the first king of Sikander Suri, Adil Shah Suri, had a minister named Hemu sitting in Delhi. A very important question is asked, friends. Remember, what is
49:13 the most important question about Hemu? I will tell you about that question too and you will have a lot of fun knowing it here. The fun will be that the one who was Hemu, So who was Hemu? I will tell you about him and tell you his story. Listen carefully. So let's come back friends. We have this beautiful page here. See what the story says. The story takes
49:59 us further and when the story takes us further, we learn a lot from the story. Let's go friends, Humayun's son and we have to make Humayun's son the next ruler. So what will we have to do to make Humayun's son the ruler? So to make Humayun's son the ruler, we have to add a new page. And Akbar was the name of Humayun's son. So, son of Humayun and son of Humayun was Akbar. Akbar's name was Mirza Jalaluddin Begmohamad Khan. Now, we don't have to give
50:47 the title of Mirza Jalaluddin, we have to take Jalaluddin. So, Akbar's childhood name was Jalaluddin. Akbar has been given a title later. Where was Akbar's first Rajya Vishayak done? Akbar was first coronated, that is, the first Rajya Vishayak. So, Akbar's first Rajya Vishayak was done in Kala Naur. and where is Kalanore, then this also has to be remembered that Kalanore is in Punjab, then what happened that Akbar's regent used to be, regent means friends, the protector and Humayun's friend was a very good friend, along with Akbar's regent, his name was Bairam Khan, so the Bairam
51:37 Khan, Bairam Khan He tried to bring Akbar to Delhi but a person was sitting on the throne in Delhi. Delhi was captured by none other than Hemu. Who was Hemu? Remember Hemu was the minister of Adil Shah. He was the minister of the ruler before Sikander Shah. Now Hemu is in Delhi. How to remove Hemu? To remove him, logic has to be applied. The logic is that Bayram Khan said that a war will have to be fought in Delhi. So another war was fought, which is
52:23 called the Second Battle of Panipat. And in the Second Battle of Panipat, friends, Bayram Khan fought on the side of Akbar. So remember here Akbar, who is called Bayram Khan. Akbar was led by Baram Khan and he was defeated by Hemu in this war. Hemu was defeated and Akbar was crowned as the king of Delhi. Akbar was crowned as the king of Delhi again in 1556. Akbar's reign in Delhi was over. But let
53:09 me tell you one thing, listen carefully, history tells very good things about Hemu. And you have to remember two points in the history that tell good things about Hemu. The first is that Hemu was a very important ruler. The full name of Hemu was Vikramaditya Hemu. So this is Hemchandra Vikramaditya. In history, it is believed that 14 Vikramadityas have been given. 14 Vikramadityas. The last Vikramaditya among them is Hemchandra Vikramaditya. And the second question asked about Hemu is that who is called
53:56 Napoleon of Medieval India? or the Napoleon of the Middle East, then remember that the Napoleon of the Middle East is called Hemu, that is, Hemchandra Vikramaditya. So this is also a very important point for us, friends, remember this point. So this point is very important for us. So in total, the Dvitiya Yudh of Panipat in 1556 Finally, Akbar was again made to sit on the throne. And when Akbar sat on the throne, he took over Delhi again. So friends, this story goes on till here. Now we have reached Akbar. And
54:43 after Akbar, I will tell you more things in the coming time. But who among you has not liked the session yet? Like the session is as important as subscribing to the channel. So if you haven't subscribed to the channel yet and haven't liked the session, then this is very wrong. This is 45 days, 45 one-shot series. And I bring this live session for you so that you can learn a lot in 2 hours. You can manage everything in a very simple way. If you don't do this, then tell me, then this work will be wrong. So
55:29 first of all, what to do is to like this session and quickly subscribe to the channel. Subscribe to the channel as if it is your own family, friends. And it is also. I come daily at 9 am with Current Affairs and teach Static GK. I come daily at 7 pm and get you a one-shot session. One shot means a powerful revision. Very wonderful, lively. Now coming on to the next part. Next part is that Delhi was already occupied by the British. And because Delhi was already occupied by the British, now we will go further. Humayun's story will be a little more detailed. The story is that the
56:16 wife of Humayun gave birth to Akbar, the Hindu chief of Marukot, Rana Prasad or Rana Veer Saal Prasad. Let's move on. How did Humayun die? Because of falling down the stairs. He was a hell-bent. Always remember, beauty lies in the details. If you read the details, you will remember everything. If you want to remember everything, then you have to be present in the session. You have to be present mentally, physically. And if we move ahead, then look friends. Humayun was kind, generous, but he was not a very good commander and a very good warrior. Anyway. What did Humayun do after that and what did Akbar do after that? These stories will go on. Akbar does become the successor of Humayun but
57:04 Akbar gets upset. Why does Akbar get upset? Akbar gets upset in the beginning but after that what Akbar established himself is a story of wonder. The story of wonder is that Akbar whose name was Jalaluddin Beg Muhammad Khan became the successor of Delhi. Remember, Akbar's situation was very dangerous when he was made the successor of his father Humayun. Because the Afghans captured Delhi, the second battle of Panipat took place with Hemu. If you go ahead, then the story comes to you that in the first 5 years, from 1556 to 1560, Akbar was just 14 years old when he became ruler. Akbar was born
57:55 in 1542 and became ruler in 1556. He was a protector, but he was not a protector. How could a 14 year old kid be a protector? In his early years, he was a protector of Akbar from the age of 14 to 18. But his policies were very simple. He was a regent, a protector, but he was a protector. He was not kind. He was straightforward. He believed in murder. He fought wars.
58:41 He would kill, cut, beat. Akbar removed Bayram Khan. Akbar wanted to rule according to his own will. Akbar had influenced Akbar. Akbar's elder mother. Akbar's rule was Maham Anga. And remember that the rule of Akbar is called Petticoat rule. So, Akbar was ruled by Petticoat rule. Remember this. Let's move on to the next story. This Petty Court rule of Mahamanga is a little more advanced.
59:27 Akbar's rule of Mahamanga is more advanced. Around 1565, Akbar ended the rule of Mahamanga. Akbar became independent when he was 25 years old. Akbar's 10 years of existence was actually under either Bairam Khan or Mahamanga. Isn't it an important story? Let's move on. An Afghan killed Barham Khan on the way. Anyway, this is a different story. An Afghan killed Barham Khan at the border between Sindh and Gujarat. Malwa. Now, what did Akbar do? Akbar did his military service. Akbar knew that he would have to do something to rule India. And what is something? Let me tell you. Look carefully.
1:00:14 Akbar saw India. Akbar saw that if this is India, for example, this is India we are talking about. This is India. So here you have to remember two things. First, you have to remember that this is Delhi. So this was Delhi. And second, you have to remember that Agra was also in the middle. So this is Agra. Now Akbar is sitting in Delhi and Agra. So first of all, Delhi and second is Agra. Akbar had a major development in Agra. Akbar is in Delhi and
1:01:02 Agra. But what is Akbar's immediate threat? Akbar is facing Rajputs of Rajasthan. And Rajputs used to fight very interestingly. The way Rajputs fought was... The Rajputana Rifles are not allowed to return from war. The only option to return from war was Rana Uday Singh. Rana Uday Singh Dutiyye is a great contribution to the history of war. The Rajputs adopted the guerrilla war system for
1:01:48 the first time. They understood that the whole generation would not make any sense if they went to the battlefield. How many women have been sacrificed in front of the Mughal government? How many women have sacrificed themselves in the fire? And how many Rajput warriors have sacrificed their lives in the battlefield? There is no point in all this. It is important to stay alive. Colonies will remain if a person is alive. Otherwise, what about the colonies when there is no human being? This was realized by someone. The Rajputs
1:02:34 were powerful till the time of Akbar. And the last powerful ruler of the time was a person named Rao Maldev. Apart from that, if we talk about the South, Akbar did not show much interest towards the South. But Akbar's interest was in Bengal. There was a problem in the area of Bengal and Bihar. Both were present here. Here were the Afghans and Uzbeks. Akbar has to fight the Afghans and Uzbeks. Akbar will not fight with the Rajputs. Akbar's Rajput policy is considered to be the
1:03:21 most important. Akbar said that he will not fight with the Rajputs. Akbar had no benefit in fighting with the Rajputs. If you think about it, Akbar had a person named Raja Todar Mal. You must have heard of King Todermal. The King Todermal of Akbar said that if you go to the east, you will find the fertile belt, you will find the fields of Ganga and Yamuna, you will find the area of Uttar Pradesh, you will find the area of Bihar, you will find the area of Bengal. You will find these three areas and these three areas are the most important because where there is good agriculture, revenue will come from there. Even if you attack Jaisalmer in Rajasthan, you
1:04:11 will not get sand. So why would you fight the Rajputs? And who did the Rajputs not bother? They had bothered everyone. They had fought the Delhi Sultanate. There were also fights with the Mughals. Wasn't there a fight with Rana Sanga's Babar? The whole Rajputs were against the Mughals and considered the Mughals as outsiders. Akbar said this is fine. Do one thing, send a message of friendship to the Rajputs. The Rajputs were told that look, You don't have to fight, you don't have to be a womanizer, you don't have to jump into the Jauhar Kund, you just have to be friends with us. Many times, marital relations are established in friendship. Now, like Jaipur and Jodhpur,
1:04:56 Jaipur and Jodhpur are flat areas. If anyone reaches Jaipur 200 km from Agra, he will destroy Jaipur completely. And the point was that this was the only option for a king. Either give your one princess and protect the entire people or throw the entire people into the war and get rid of them. They were already doing this for 300-500 years. So this time it came to mind that yes, to save the people, marry a girl and end the war. Jodhpur also realized this. Jodhpur's fort is in Mehrangarh. There is a fort built up there. There is nothing here, nothing there. If anyone comes and throws a stone, they will go and hit the wall of Jodhpur fort. All of them put their minds together and worked to protect their
1:05:46 people. Today, we may raise the question, but the Mewar did not bow. Rana Uday Singh or Maharana Pratap did not bow down because he had geographical defence. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj did not bow down in front of Aurangzeb. Do you know why? Because he had natural defence. Rana... Raja Chhatrasal did not bow down in front of Aurangzeb because he had the mountains of Aravind. Natural defence. The person who has natural defence, that person with natural defence makes himself very stable in his place. And he knows that you will be trapped in our geography. Whatever happens, you will be trapped in our geography. Now tell me, should we tell you the story or
1:06:33 should we start asking questions directly? I mean, you don't have the patience left to listen to me quietly. And if that's the case, then I'll start asking questions directly and I'll end it. I will end the stories and will start asking questions if you are not interested in listening to the story. I have no problem, I will ask you questions even before I start. You have never heard of these theory sessions before and you will never hear of them. It is a simple and fixed story. So if you feel that you have to attend a theory session, then it's a good thing. If you don't want to attend, then it's okay. I have brought questions. I will quickly ask you questions. And I will be saved from getting questions. What do I care? I don't have to do anything. I am not taking money from
1:07:22 you to teach you. I will have more children to question. Everyone comes. Everyone is thrilled to ask questions. Let's quickly check A, B, C, D. But you need to actually focus. You need to actually mean for that. Do your studies and if you don't like it, you can return the money. These are the sessions where you will not be left without a question from the Mughals. So when I tell you that Akbar took the support of the Rajputs to get rid of the Uzbeks and Afghans, Akbar gave the Rajputs a position in his army. This is an important point. Akbar snatched the Mandu from Baj Bahadur in 1562. This is the story of Baj
1:08:09 Bahadur and Rukmati. Malwa and Mandu were taken by Akbar. Gondwana was taken by Akbar from Queen Durga and her son Veer Narayan in 1564 after which Akbar snatched Gujarat from Muzaffar Shah in 1573. This is also a point and after that, the biggest battle of Akbar's life is the battle of Haldighati. Let me tell you one thing, this is the immortal story of life, take the letters, if the storm falls, then read Rana Pratap. I will tell you a story of Rana Pratap's character.
1:08:55 In 1576, the Haldighati war took place, Maharana Pratap went to the jungles, around 1580, Akbar appointed Rahim Das to go and capture the king from Mewar. Akbar's soldiers could not capture the king because the Bheel people were well-known in the forest. When Rahim Das ji reached Sherpur, he set up his camp there He said that there was no need to fight in the camp of the Mughals He was a writer and was not interested in fighting He was also a soft corner for Maharana Pratap Rahim Das ji would hunt in the morning and evening, read and study well in the day and stay in his
1:09:45 mosque When the attacks were stopped by the Mughals, Maharana Pratap asked his soldiers, "What is the matter? The Mughals are not attacking?" So Bhilo said that Rahim Das is here at this time, so they are not attacking. Maharana Pratap said, "Okay, no problem, let's go towards the fields, let's treat the wounded soldiers, do farming and try to produce grains from it." Maharana Pratap slowly started doing all this. Once Maharana Pratap's son, Prince Amar Singh, He took all the women and children from the camp of the Mughals. And he brought all the women and children to the camp of Maharana Pratap. At that time, Rahim Das Ji and other Mughal soldiers had gone to hunt. When Rahim Das Ji saw them again, he saw that there was no one in his
1:10:32 camp. So, Rahim Das Ji hit him. Maharana Pratap saw that Rana Amar Singh was bringing many girls and many women who were wearing burqas. So Maharana Pratap asked the prince the story. The prince said that these are the daughters of the enemies and the wives of the enemies. He brought them. It is said about Maharana Pratap that he became furious at that time and he immediately wrote an apology letter to Rahim Das Ji and said that all women should be fed properly and that they should be left on their own. After Maharana Pratap's words, Prince Amar Singh left them all on the hill and when those women gave the letter to Rahim Das Ji, he cried. The reason behind this was that
1:11:20 Maharana Pratap made a mistake and he apologized to her. He said that he would never bring women and children into a war. That's why Maharana Pratap is great. He is not great because he fought the Haldigati war. He is not great because he fought against Akbar. Who didn't fight? Didn't Raja Chhatrasal fight? But Raja Chhatrasal's name was not as big as Maharana Pratap's. Maharana Pratap's character makes him different. Rahim Das ji read a Dhoha there. "Dhar resi resi umar khapja si khursaan, amar vishambhar upro nichi ora khora" It means that I don't know how long the Turks will rule this earth, but whenever you look up at the earth, you will see the moon and the stars, till then Maharana Pratap will be called on this
1:12:09 earth. That is how. His character was great. And because his character was great, that's why he is great. Whose stories are we going to understand in Janmahanas today? Weren't Rana Sanga and Maharana Pratap great warriors? Weren't Rana Kumbha and Maharana Pratap great warriors? They were. Rana Kumbha built the Tower of Victory, built the Chittor Fort, built the Rana Kumbha Fort of 32 out of the total of 84 in Mewar. But in history, we don't read Rana Kumbha in the same way Maharana Pratap reads it. We all read Rana Sanga, Rana Kumbha. But there is one person who we don't read as Rana, but as Maharana. Character. Always remember my line, character is decided by what you stand for but reputation is decided by what you fall for. Maharana Pratap makes his reputation with his character. He did
1:12:56 not fall, he always rose. This is the reason why he is great. The battle of Haldighati was okay but Rana Pratap's army fought in the battle of Haldighati under the leadership of Raja Maan Singh. This is an undisputed battle. There is no result in this battle. I say no result because neither Akbar nor Maharana Pratap had achieved their objective. Maharana Pratap had to leave Udaipur and go to the forest. But neither did he capture Akbar nor did he get him to write a letter to the king nor did he kill him nor did he get him to attend the court So neither did Akbar's objective to capture Udaipur nor did Maharana Pratap's objective to defeat the Mughals So this is an undeniable war You have to
1:13:44 remember this Let's move ahead friends Let me tell you a story Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore had said After reading the book Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, he said that whenever I read the history of India from Alexander's defeat to Porus's defeat to Clive's defeat to Nawab Sirajuddola's defeat, I feel disappointed. But whenever I read the history of Rajasthan, I see green trees in that desolate area. I feel suffocated from inside. After all, the Rajasthani people have done something. So friends, it is amazing. It is the name of their history. Haldighati is called Haldighati because the color of the soil here is yellow due to the oxidation of iron. And let's move on, friends. And further on, the story is that Maharana Pratap was a great warrior. Now here, friends,
1:14:31 Maharana Pratap versus Akbar. Akbar attacked Chittor in 1568. Abul Fazal has written the name of the victory after the attack of Akbar. And in that victory, it is said that 30,000 people were killed there. This is the story because of which people consider Akbar to be bad. And the second is Mina Bazar. So, Mina Bazar was set up by Akbar and Chittorgarh's massacre was done by Akbar. If these two things are left, then there is no stain on Akbar's property. But there is a stain. There is no doubt about it. Let's move on. The story goes on. Akbar defeated the Afghan governor of Bihar and Bengal, Daud Khan. Both the states were united in the Mughal Empire in 1576. Akbar also attacked Khan Desh in 1591. Akbar attacked Khan Desh
1:15:17 and defeated Chand Bibi. Finally, he captured Chand Bibi of Ahmednagar. Chand Bibi of Ahmednagar was also defeated by the Mughal forces. So, in summary, I wanted to tell you that Akbar's military campaigns were extensive but his religious policies are more important than his military campaigns. Let's talk about Akbar's religious policy. In 1564, Akbar finished Jazia and in 1563, Akbar finished Teerthiyatra Kar. So in 1573, Akbar ended Teerthiyatra Kar, the pilgrimage tax. So Teerthiyatra Kar or this
1:16:03 is called pilgrimage tax. and even ended the pilgrimage tax. Let's go a little further. In 1575, Akbar built a worship house in his new capital Fatehpur Sikri. In the worship house, there were scholars of all religions like Christians, Hindus, Jains, and Parsi. He thought that he doesn't want anyone who is religious in political matters. So, Akbar kept his religious policy strong and named it Mazhar. This is called infallibility decree. He took all the religious matters in his hands and Akbar started a new religion called Deen-e-Ilahi. This Deen-e-Ilahi or this is
1:16:51 called Tauhid-e-Ilahi. This new religion created a big mess. The mess of the new religion was that many people started telling their stories and Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni Not everyone liked it. It is natural that if you enter the religion, no one will like it. Do you know how many people were in this? 15 people were in Deen-e-Ilahi. And do you know who was the first person among the 15 people? You must have heard that Birbal was the first person who joined. No. So let me tell you that Birbal was the first Hindu who started Deen-e-Ilahi. and joined him. The first Hindu was Birbal. Birbal's original name was Mahesh Das. But the
1:17:41 main head of Deen-e-Ilahi was Abul Fazal. This is also a point to remember. Let's move forward a little more. There were only 15 Anuyai, including Abul Fazal. Along with Raja Todarmal, Akbar also worked on Bhoom Rajasthu. So this is also a point to remember. Akbar had run another policy, friends. That is Akbar's one policy, Akbar's religious policy, Akbar's one administrative policy. or administrative, you can say religious, it is called the policy of the Suleh-e-Kul. So the policy of the Suleh-e-Kul was also very well understood by Akbar.
1:18:27 So Akbar did this work as well. I will provide you all these PDFs after the session. You don't have to worry. First of all, you have to like the session. Those who haven't done it yet, please like it quickly. It doesn't cost anything. Subscribe to the channel. It doesn't cost anything. In this 45 days, 45 one shots series, I will teach you all these topics, 45 topics which are very important for you. So, the most important topics of history, geography, politics, economics, science, from where most questions are asked, I will teach you the topics there. I will also teach you the environment, I will teach you the questions asked by science and I will also ask you the questions of art and culture separately, so there is no need to
1:19:13 take any tension. A child is saying that tell us about Johar. Johar and Kesariya are two different processes. When they were combined, it was called Saka. In the Rajput tradition, they knew that the army of the ruler is bigger than them. And in the end, he can capture our women and sell them in other markets. At that time, women used to jump into the fire of life to protect their identity. This was called Jauhar. On the next day, all the men would go out to fight and they would wear the same rakh on their foreheads and wear the kesariya turban. This
1:20:02 process is called kesariya. And if both the johar and kesariya were combined, then the Rajputs would go to the battlefield and fight with the desire to kill. And they already knew that victory or victory. So they had to get the victory. So when they knew that we could not win, then both the johar and kesariya were combined. Which was called Saka. Okay? So this is it. This is not a situation of do or die, it is a situation of death only. But Death with Glory Death with Glory means that war is to be fought and to be brave in war then you have to leave this world if you read some religious scriptures then you will know you will read Srimad Bhagavad Gita, chapter 2 and verse number 32
1:20:49 you read chapter 2 verse number 32 in which Lord Shri Krishna explains to Arjuna Yadrishya Chopapannam Swarga Dwaram Apavritam Sukhinah Kshatriya Parth Labhante Yudh Midrisham This is a Sanskrit shloka which means that the warrior is happy when he gets the opportunity to fight. This opens the doors of heaven for him. That is, the warrior who gets the courage to fight goes straight to heaven. So this is chapter 2, shloka number 32, written in the Bhagavad Gita. So it is natural that after gaining courage, the desire for heaven would have been there. What was the desire? It has to go. So this is the story. Let's move on further. With the help of King Todarmal, Bhurajasur was conquered in 1580. This Japti Bandobast system was also called Dehsala system. So this
1:21:39 Dehsala system, or Japti Bandobast system, you must remember, in this, for the last 10 years, it is called Dehsala. So in this, for the last 10 years, different The land was divided into parts and then tax was taken accordingly. This is a very important part of the process. Moving on to the next point. Another point is that Rajasur was considered as a land on which land was being cultivated for the last 10 years. So how? Look carefully. Polaj means the land that is cultivated every year. Parauti means the land that is cultivated once in two years. Chachar means the land that is cultivated once in three
1:22:27 or four years. And Banjar means the land that is cultivated once in five years or more than five years. We talk about those lands. Now let's move on to the story of the Manasabdari Pratha. Akbar gave a position to the Adhikari. The lowest rank for the Rahis was 10 and the highest rank was 5000. Zat and Sawar were two different things in the Manasab. Zat means the salary equal to a soldier. So, the salary equal to a soldier means the salary equal to 5000 soldiers. And sawar means horse. So, when the military rank was held, they were given horse. This point is also important for us. Akbar has introduced these
1:23:12 things. Zat means personality and personality determines the status. Sawar means number of horsemen under a Mansabdar. Let's move on. Akbar's reign was of a different kind Akbar did a lot of things in his reign Akbar managed the Mughals very well in his reign If we look at history, Akbar was the one who was the leader of the Mughal Empire but he reached the reign of Shah Jahan at his own height Akbar's eldest son, whose name was Jahangir or Salim, was born in Fatehpur Sikri with Akbar's wife, Harkha bai. And the Sufi who
1:23:58 was born in the hut of Sheikh Salim Chishti in Fatehpur Sikri, that's why his name was Salim. His name was Nooruddin Muhammad Jahangir. He named his wife Noor Jahan. He named himself Nooruddin Muhammad Jahangir. But let's move on to the next story. Nooruddin Beg Muhammad Khan Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627. Akbar died in Lahore. Akbar died in 1605 and Salim became the next ruler. Salim was challenged by Prince Khusro, who was Salim's son. In the battle of
1:24:43 Bherawal, Jahangir defeated Prince Khusro in 1606. Prince Khusro lost the battle of Bherawal. Before this war, Guru Arjan Dev, who was a Sikh Guru, had blessed Prince Khusro. That's why he hanged him on his head. Jahangir hanged Arjan Dev because Prince Khusro, the son of Jahangir, had brought blessings from Arjan Dev. Arjan Dev had not given any blessings because Prince
1:25:29 Khusro lived with Akbar and Akbar's favourite grandson. So, he wanted to take control of Agra and Delhi. Akbar was in Lahore. When he left Lahore with his army, he met Amritsar. He took blessings from Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Arjan Dev Ji was in a bad situation. So, Jahangir hanged Arjan
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