0:06 Hello, good morning and welcome to ANA Academy, a one-stop destination for all the English medium civil services aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu news analysis taken up by myself Sham Yesag. And in today's session, I'll be taking up 12 articles from the Delhi edition of Hindu newspaper. This is the list of the articles. The discussion will be comprehensive, addressing all of your concerns to clear the civil services examination, be it prelims or means. If you like this initiative, do hit the like button. And if you yet to join our YouTube channel, kindly do it right now. But before I start the discussion, please give me a confirmation that I'm audible and
0:55 visible. Do let me know in the chat section. Am I audible and visible for everyone? Done. Let's go forward then. Before I start with the first article, as usual, the announcement regarding the PPT. Anybody who wants to download the PPT after the session is over the PPT will be provided in the telegram channel. This is the QR code. You can join the telegram channel and download the PPD. Second, a lot of you are beginners. You face issues in terms of reading the newspaper, which article to read, how do you make notes etc. Regarding this, Chetan will be taking a special session. This will be
1:40 available in a platform that is in the platinum platform. Those who are interested the link to join or register for the session is given in the description below. Please do attend the session. It will be held today live at 700 p.m. And in the course of the discussion, any questions, any doubts you have, you can directly talk to Chetan and get your doubts resolved. Now if someone wants to clear the civil services examination 26 27 you need to ensure you have a comprehensive coverage of the static portion. You update with the current affairs. You need to have a very good reading material. You need to attempt multiple test series for prelims as well as mains. All of this is
2:28 available when you purchase our course which is available at a price of 199. And if you use the code is English, you'll also get an extension of up to 12 months. Those who are interested, do check out the details by clicking on the link provided in the description below. Let me start with the first article. I'll be clubbing two articles here. One is the editorial. Second one is the headlines in today's newspaper. Both of them are talking about the monetary policy committee review, the MPC review and the result or let's say the outcomes of the review. Let's start with the basics here. We have a committee called as a monetary policy committee MPC monetary policy committee.
3:15 The monetary policy committee is made up of six people. Three of them from Reserve Bank of India and three are the experts who are appointed by government of India. This monetary policy now meets once every 2 months bimonthly. It will meet once every 2 months and take certain decisions regarding interest rates. And when I say interest rate or whenever you come across the term policy rate, remember they're essentially talking about repor rate. Is the point clear? They're essentially talking about repor rate, right? They do not have to mention specifically repor rate. If they're simply using the term interest rate in
4:02 the context of RBI or they simply use the term right the policy rate, just understand by default they're talking about repor rate. So the monetary policy committee meets generally I hope you understand once every two months by monthly monetary policy and takes a call regarding what should be done in the context of policy rate. The connection is very simple here. If the policy rate is altered altered in the sense whether it is increased or decreased it will have an impact on the economy. Whenever inflation rate is higher, the policy rate is increased. Whenever inflation rate is lesser, in order to promote growth rate, the policy rate is reduced.
4:48 And the sequence the flow is very simple here. when you reduce the policy rate that is let's say when you reduce the repo rate now the banks will be able to borrow from reserve bank of India at lesser rate of interest and these particular banks will be able to lend to the borrowers in the market at lesser rate of interest and when the borrowers such as let's say companies are able to take a loan at a lesser rate of interest they will invest more in the economy and when the investment ment increases essentially that will also contribute to employment generation it will contribute to GDP that is essentially the flowchart that you need to remember now what has been announced by the monetary policy
5:35 committee what is the announcement two very important announcements first one the repo rate the repo rate has been reduced by 50 basis points and I know lot of beginners whenever you look at the term 50 basis points you'll be confused what is the meaning of a basis points 100 basis points is equal to 1%. It is equal to 1%. 50 basis points essentially means what.5%. Which means the Reserve Bank of India now will be cutting the repo rate by 0.5%. We'll be reducing the repo rate by.5%. That is from 6% right from 6% the repo
6:20 rate now will be reduced to 5 and half%. This is the first very important announcement. The second very important announcement is the cash reserve ratio. CRR the cash reserve ratio. CRR has been reduced by 100 basis points to 3%. Now from 4% it has been reduced to 3%. Now let's analyze what is the impact of it. These are the two announcements. And before I go forward if somebody is a beginner who has a doubt that what is a CR? What does it actually mean? The banks will collect certain types of deposits, right? These deposits are generally classified into the time deposits as well as demand deposits.
7:07 Certain percentage of these deposits, again technical term is called as net demand and time liabilities. Certain percentage of this the banks will have to keep with Reserve Bank of India. Simple. certain percentage of this the banks will have to maintain that with reserve bank of India and on this RBI doesn't pay any rate of interest this is essentially the concept of a cash reserve ratio now Reserve Bank of India has not only reduced repo rate but also has reduced CRR some of you might be thinking sir if repo rate is reduced as per your explanation already it is going to promote growth it is going to increase the money supply. It is going to
7:54 contribute to growth. Then what is the logic of reducing CR as well? Correct? What is the logic of reducing CR as well? You already have reduced repo rate. And if you wanted to reduce CR, why not reduce only CR and stop reducing repo? Why not, right? Reduce only repo instead of reducing both of them. All of you able to understand the question here because ultimately the objective is simple. Reduction of repo, reduction of CR will increase the amount of loans given by the banking sector to the borrowers. But why use two tools? Why not simply one tool? Why not reduce CR by let's say 100 basis points or 200 basis points rather
8:40 than reducing CR plus repo. Listen to me very carefully. This is where you need to have very good conceptual clarity. You need to have very good conceptual clarity. One, CR reduction will increase the money supply. Will increase the money supply. That is increase durable liquidity. Remember this particular term. It will increase the durable liquidity. That is essentially if CR will be reduced from let's say 4% to 3%. Now the banks will have more amount of money with themselves compared to earlier situation. This amount can be used to lend more in the market. Now
9:27 somebody will ask me sir that can also happen using repor rate that is reduce the repo rate the banks will borrow more from RBI and lend more my dear reporate is a short-term tool remember this reporate is a short-term instrument it is essentially signed it's an agreement or a contract which is signed between or present between a bank and RBI let's say for 7 days for 14 days but 28 days which means after this specific time period the banks which have borrowed money will have to return the money to reserve bank of India whereas if you reduce the CR don't you think this additional amount of money now will be there with banks
10:15 which can be used for lending purposes that is the reason the liquidity that will be infused will be durable in nature everybody is able to understand the First logic behind reduction of repo as well as reduction in CR. I'll give you the second reason. Understand this as well. There is one more tool called as a standing deposit facility. There is one more tool called as standing deposit facility. Right? What is a standing deposit facility? It is a type of tool or an instrument under which banks will deposit money with Reserve Bank of India and earn interest on it. Simple. It is a type of
11:01 instrument under which banks will deposit money with the Reserve Bank of India earn interest on it. It is not reverse reporate. Those who are basically saying sir reverse reporate. No reverse reporate is different. Standing deposit facility is different. But what is the connection here? Under STF, banks will deposit money with RBI, earn interest. But what is the rate of interest paid by Reserve Bank of India on STF? It is connected to repor rate. Simple. It is connected to repo rate. Meaning if repo rate will change by 50 basis points, STF will also automatically increase by 50 basis. If
11:46 repo rate will fall down or reduced by 50 basis points, the standing deposit facility rate of interest automatically will get adjusted will be reduced by 50 basis point. What is the argument of Reserve Bank of India? RB is simply saying in the last couple of months we have seen that lot of these banks are depositing more amount of money with RBI under STF. Simple. lot of the banks are depositing huge amount of money with RBI under ETF rather than lending. If banks will keep on depositing lot of money with RBI, don't you think the lending or the liquidity in the market would be affected? You could have increased the
12:32 supply of loans in the market rather than that you are keeping this money with RBI. So what did RBI do now? RBI has reduced the repor rate by 50 basis points which also means the rate of interest on the STF will also come down by 50 basis points and this will basically reduce the returns that the banks are earning from RBI. Now they will be prompted because they are earning lesser from RBI now they'll be prompted to provide more loans more loans to the borrowers in the market. So I hope you understand why repor rate has been reduced. What is the impact of reduction in the repo rate? What is the impact of reduction in the CR and what is the connection between reporate and
13:18 ESTF. Now fifth very important point here. There is something called as a stance of RBI. Listen to me very carefully. There is something called as a stance. Right? There is a stance called as accommodative stance. There is a stance called as neutral stance. Now what has the monetary policy committee done? They have changed the stance. Right? They have changed the stance. Have a look at this. It has essentially moved back from have a look at this. Right? From the earlier stance taken to the neutral stance from accommodative. Now RB shifted to the neutral stance. And what is the importance of this particular stance? The importance of the
14:04 stansancy is essentially to indicate what might be done. I repeat what might be done by RBI in the next cycle. Right? For example, if RBI takes a stance of accommodative, it's generally meaning in the next cycle there is a probability there's a probability that RBI is going to cut the interest rates. If RBI takes a stance called as a calibrated tightening, it simply means most probably in the next cycle that is after 2 months RBI most probably will increase the interest rate and if RBI takes a neutral stance it generally means based on the situation after 2 months I'll take a call whether to reduce the interest rates or to increase the
14:51 interest that is generally the indicator right that is an indicator that is a signal that is given by RBI to the market. Now what is the signal being given by RBI to the market? They have essentially shifted their stance from accommodative from accommodative now to neutral stance. From accommodative to neutral stance which is a signal to the market that 50 basis points cut which has been introduced might not be done in the coming days. again RBI is not inclined anymore to reduce the interest rates in the coming days. This might be the final straw that the RBA is basically picking up. Everybody is okay. Right? So these
15:37 are the very important points that you need to understand in the context of the monetary policy committee decision to cut the uh policy report CR change in the stance. Finally, what is the impact? Is the impact always positive? Think of this is the impact always positive of a rate cut in the market. Mostly positive but also there are certain concerning effects that is positive in the sense the durable liquidity in the market will increase. Durable liquidity will increase. It will increase the money supply. More loans shall be provided. It will contribute to the growth because the RBA simply says focus should be on the growth. Now inflation is our concern
16:25 but inflation in the last 2 months is in the range of around 3.2%. Inflation is in the range of 3.2%. So inflation is not a concern for me anymore. I will promote growth now. Right? So these are the positive aspects. But at the same point of time if RB will reduce interest rate like this there is also concern with higher amount of money supply banks will start offering lesser rate of interest to all of us when we keep money with them. Simple when we keep money with them that is with the banking sector in the form of savings bank account fixed deposits etc. Because the money supply is too high now, liquidity is very high in the market. Now the banks might start
17:10 offering lesser rate of that will have an impact on our earnings, our interest revenue or interest incomes from the banking sector. Right? So these are certain very important points associated with the policy of the monetary policy committee. Now please have a look at all of these carefully. Now let's solve the MCQ. Let's start with the MCQ. MCQ number 125. Consider the following statements regarding cash reserve ratio. It is the reserve to be maintained by the banks with themselves. Is it a reserve that the banks will keep with themselves? No. Under CR, the bank will have to keep this reserve with Reserve Bank of India. It is a statutory
17:58 reserve. There's a term called as a statutory reserve. Statutory means is it mentioned in any law in India? In fact, one time this question was asked in the prelims examination. It is a statuto reserve. Meaning what? Is it mentioned in any of the provisions of any law in India? Yes, the CR and SLR both of them. CR is mentioned under the RB act. Section 42 of RB act. The SLR is mentioned right in section 24 and one more section under banking regulation act. So please be very careful with these technical terminologies as well. It is a reserve to be maintained by the banks with themselves. No lowering of this will help in controlling inflation. No, I hope you understand when you
18:45 increase the CR it is a signal to reduce liquidity. You want to reduce liquidity. Why are why do you want to reduce liquidity? because you want to control inflation. Right? So, first statement is incorrect. Second statement is incorrect. Both of them are incorrect. Right option, right option for the question number 125 is option D. Some of you are asking questions regarding CRR. Hold on to your questions. Let me complete all the topics then I'll address your questions. Next article, maintaining India's progress in food safety standards. Now, what is the logic behind this article? appearing in today's newspaper and those who will basically might ask me what is the importance of this article understand this June 7 that is today June 7 is
19:34 world food safety day world food safety day so in that particular context the article on the safety food safety in India has been provided here let's understand what are the important points point number one in case of India Is there any piece of legislation which promotes or which basically regulates food adulteration? Earlier there was a piece of legislation by the name of PFA, prevention of food adulteration act. Prevention of food adulteration act which was introduced and implemented from 1954. But the writer simply says there was a problem with the provisions which were
20:21 mentioned in the prevention of food adulteration act. Meaning whenever you consume food there are different types of components which are used in the manufacturing of food. Now what are the levels of let's say toxins? What are the different levels of residues etc. Earlier under PFA there was no differentiation that was provided for these. All of them were treated alike. All of them were treated in the same way. But a fact of the matter is different components at different levels might become hazardous when you consume them. Different components which are present in the food at different levels. All of them will not become hazarded at
21:07 the same level. different levels they will become hazardous when we consume it and that is the precise reason the PFA over a period of time was restructured or basically withdrawn and a new law was introduced by the government that is essentially food safety and standards act food safety act was introduced by the government in the year 2006 food safety and standards right act of 2006 Six and under the provisions of the act under the provisions of the act the government of India has set up a statutory body efss AI food safety and standards authority of India today you want to sell a packaged product in India
21:56 you'll have to take a license it is the FSSAI which will conduct investigations if there are any allegations of violation of norms that has been prescribed by it also has the provision to impose monetary penalties if you do not follow all of these particular norms. For example, you will ask me sir, what do you mean by norms? Any packaged product that you purchase from the market be it let's say a soft drink or let's say a packet of biscuit or for that matter a packet of chips etc. If you turn the product like this on the back side there is a complete labeling which is provided labeling in the form of right what is the calorie when you consume it what kind of raw material has been utilized right what kind of energy
22:44 right what is the component in the form of carbs proteins etc all of this information is provided the reason behind that is the regulations which have been imposed on these companies is by FSA FSSA AI and but the writer simply says even with these kind of reforms which we have implemented which has improved the food safety norms regulations in India even today there are certain concerns. Even today there are certain issues of concern associated with the food safety standards in India. What are these? Let me give you examples here. Point number one, whenever certain norms are prescribed, whenever right, let's say standards are prescribed by
23:31 the authorities, these are generally given in ambiguous words or limits are very ambiguous in nature. What do you mean by ambiguous in nature? Multiple times you must have heard of drinking water or let's say right a food consumption whenever they're talking about let's say uh let's certain residues right pesticide residues or let's say this kind of a toxic residues etc the norms are mentioned in the form of parts per million correct have you seen this they will generally mention this in the form of parts per million now you tell me as a common man Right? Or as a aadmi you and me will we ever understand what is
24:16 the meaning of a parts per million? If it is a higher is it good? If it is lower is it bad. So the argument of the writer is whenever these kind of standards have to be mentioned have to be imposed and moreover you need to educate the consumers regarding this. You need to educate the consumers that is I should know you should know what level is good what level is bad but if this is mentioned in these kind of terminologies parts per million etc we will not be able to understand it right let's say for let's say educated people can understand what about those people who are uneducated what about people residing in rural part of India these terminologies
25:02 are very difficult for them to understand follow and when they purchase a product whether this product consumption is good or bad for them. Second, second argument which has been put forward by the writer here is that wherever standards are prescribed that is the thresholds are prescribed a lot of times these thresholds are not are not are not easier to follow. That is these are very strict standards right or these particular standards are right not easy to follow by the companies and whenever these kind of standards are loosened by the authority right for example have a look at this there is one example that has been provided here the
25:48 maximum residue requirement for a particular product was changed point from 01 mg to kg to.1 mg to kg. Again, you do not have to memorize this but understand the logic behind it. The writer simply said initially the standard the MRL that was fixed that is the residue component in the product was fixed at 0.01 mg per kg of the product. Many of the providers or let's say the suppliers of the food commodities or food products protested against it. They said this is not possible for us to follow. These are very stringent standards and these are not possible. It will become very costly for us and that is not required also to
26:34 have this kind of a stringent requirement. Now the authority changed this from the 0.01 to.1 mg and many experts argued okay this this is right something that is practicable in in reality companies can adhere to this particular standard. But when authority changed relaxed the regulations many of the quarters many of the stakeholders also basically said right this will increase the concern when the consumers will consume it because the argument was generally when you increase the threshold when you basically give relaxations like this it will hurt consumers it will create health complications for the consumers etc.
27:19 without realizing this kind of a standard earlier which was set was not practical. It was very stringent and it was a it was not practical because there was no scientific argument in favor of that. That is the second point which has been mentioned here. Third point whenever the standards are set up for example there is something called as acceptable daily intake ADI right acceptable daily intake or for that matter there is one more argument or there is one more term called as maximum residue limits be it ADI or be it MRL these norms which have been decided by by the stand by the authority these are according to the international practices
28:08 These are according to the international practices. But the writer simply says the kind of food habits which are followed in India. The kind of food that is consumed in India. The kind of commodities that are consumed in India, these are not the same compared to the international market. If you're simply copy pasting that, if you're taking the standards from the international law norm and simply pasting that in India, it doesn't represent the cultural differences which will influence the food habits in India. So the argument here is very simple. You need to have your own studies done. You need to have a comprehensive study being done in India based on the food habits, based on
28:54 the ingredients which are used, based on the residues which are found in India. And upon the study is being done now decide the ADR average daily intake and maximum residue limits which are applicable for Indian consumer which are reflecting the products which are manufactured and sold consumed in the Indian market. Right? So this is the third point. Fourth point to just to consolidate all of this he takes example of MSG. I'm pretty sure all of you heard of MSG, right? The MSG basically stands for monos sodium glutamate, right? Monosodium glutamate. MSG. Those who are right, let's say consumers of Chinese
29:41 foods, they will know this. Again, Chinese products which are sold in India, right? Let's say noodles, right? Or for many of these Chinese food products, MSG generally it is there in the discussion. In case of India when you look at let's say what has been the research being done on MSG the writer simply says in India whenever the product has MSG whenever a product sold in the market has MSG there is right there is a notice which is printed on the product there is information which has to be printed saying that higher consumption of MSB MSG is not good for infants in India that has to be printed label has to be provided Ed but the writer simply says this is not true.
30:28 This is not true. Reason being what is the research and development which has been done by say the reputed organizations around the world. Look at what they have done. For example, World Health Organization, WH simply says there is no such research which basically connects the problem health complications developed by the people with the consumption of MSG. There is no such research which basically verifies this kind of a claim. So writer simply says you are simply following what was earlier reported what was earlier thought was correct and you're simply continuing with the same labeling norms even today and don't you think this will
31:14 create confusion in the minds of the consumers now the consumers are confused who says nothing wrong right no problem with the consumption of MSG and on the other side you are manding updating a labeling requirement saying that consumption is not good for so and so XYZ. This is going to create more confusion rather than promoting more safety for consumption of food. So these are some of the concerns which have been raised by the writer regarding the food safety standards in context of India. What is the way forward then? What should be your answer regarding way forward? These are the recommendations. First one we will have to invest in
32:00 doing research which is specifically applicable to India which is applicable to whole of India regarding water levels or let's say toxic levels in Indian waters regarding right let's say residue levels present in the food that we eat etc etc so conduct research which is specific to India and based on that make policies right decide the threshold levels etc. Second, risk communication should be improved by the simplification of messaging. I told you right parts per million etc etc. Right? So messaging should be much more simple which is understandable to the common man which is acceptable to all of us when we
32:47 purchase and we understand the messaging which is provided on the label. Third one, capacity building has to be strengthened. That is invest in training for the experts, right? Invest in research and development so that risk assessors are trained well. They're able to understand, right? And provide inputs to the government regarding the changes to be done in the policym regularly review and updating standards in line in line with the latest research and development. And finally I promote transparence in the system. Promote education for the consumers. Provide education to the consumers. Give them information as to how to identify which
33:33 is a good product. Which product is more safer for you etc etc. Done. So these are the recommendations which have been provided which you can use in writing a mainsbased question. Now associated with this one MCQ MCQ number 126 consider the following statements regarding food safety and standards authority of India. It functions under the ministry of health and family welfare. How many of you think this is correct? Do let me know in the chat section. It functions under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is a statutory body as per the act the FSSAI shall consist of chairperson and 22 members out of which one/ird
34:20 shall be women. The third statement is slightly tricky slightly tricky more importantly difficult because this is not generally provided in the newspapers etc. I'll give you an information here. Please have a look at this particular picture again. Should you remember the whole picture? Not necessary. The pictorial representation of the structure of food safety authority. The food authority right basically is a chaired by the chairperson right there is a chairperson appointed by the government. In addition to chairperson there are 22 members and the act simply says or the guidelines simply say onethird of these members will have to be women. Is the point clear to everyone? Onethird of these members
35:06 shall be women. This is mentioned in the website also. It is a right. Let's say it's a guideline as well. The third statement. Yes, that is correct. It's a statutory body. Yes, it is set up under the food safety act of 2006. It functions under the ministry of health and family welfare. Yes, all the three statements are true. Right option for the question will be option C. And okay. Now associated with this I've given a question for you to practice descriptive answer writing as well to improve upon the food safety standards achieved so far. There is a need for promoting transparency public education and the application of science-based evidence elaborate in 250
35:55 words. It is essentially you need uh the answer to this is essentially you need to read the article and explain whatever we have discussed so far that is regarding the problems as well as the solution that will be the answer to this particular quote. Let me go forward next article. Support to poor prisoner scheme. Support to poor prisoner scheme. The government of India specifically the ministry of home affairs MHA ministry of home affairs back in the year 2023 announced a scheme by the name of support to poor prisoner scheme. Now what is the importance of the poor
36:41 prisoner scheme here? Every now and then you will come across a reports which will mention large number of people who are held in jails in India. Correct. The number of people who are there in jails in India, they'll simply say right per cell. These are the number of people or per right uh prison. This is the right let's say appropriate number of people. But they'll simply come to a conclusion saying that the Indian jails are overcrowded. Yes or no? Please do let me know in the chat section. They'll come to a conclusion Indian jails are overcrowded. That is more than the required number of people required in the sense according to the area of the jail cells. More than that have been crammed in the jail
37:28 cells. And what is the impact of this? When there is too much of overcrowding, right? There are security concerns that can be raised. There is right a lot of times concern associated with the hygiene that is being hygiene associated with the prisoners etc. So the problem is Indian jails are overcrowded. But one of the reasons why the Indian jails are overcrowded is because of the undertrial prisoners. Because of undertrial prisoners, right? That is these are the people who have been put in the jails. The the the case is happening, right? The the case is happening but these are under trial. No, right? Let's say punishment has been meted out. The case
38:14 is happening but they still jail in they are present still in the jails. The problem associated with high number of under trials in India. According to the National Crimes Records Bureau NCB more than 70% of the people are under trials who are present in the jails. The problem with this is it will essentially erode the faith on the judiciary. On one side people will start losing faith on judiciary. that is they will simply say no point I've been alleged of doing something the case is happening I'm still there in the prison and for many many years these people right wrought in jails because of multiple reasons so one it will erode the faith on the judiciary in addition to this the burden on the
39:01 judiciary will also keep on increasing that is the judiciary now will have to keep on handing these cases very often already the concern is the judiciary doesn't have the infrastructure to handle all of these cases. That's the reason at different levels crows of cases are pending in India. In addition to this, one reason why there is so many number of people under trial prisoners who are there in jails is because the bail has been granted to them. The court has been right has provided no bail to them. But whenever the bail is granted, you'll have to provide certain shity. You'll have to provide certain shity. That is you'll have to you know
39:48 make a bail payment. Only then they will allow you to right get out of the jail upon bail. The problem is many of these undertrial prisoners are very poor. Many of them are very very poor. And problem with this is because many of them are poor. Whatever shity they're supposed to provide, they do not have this amount of money. I hope you understand. They do not have this amount of money to provide, right? Let's say the bond value and get out of jail upon granting of the bill. That is the precise reason the ministry of home affairs back in their 2023 came out with an initiative called as the support to poor prisoner scheme. Under this the process
40:35 is very simple. Imagine the court has given or granted a bail to you but even after granting a bail for let's say next 7 days you're not able to get out of jail. You're not able to post the bail and get out of jail. In such cases these right let's say prisoners names will be recommended these prisoner names will be recommended by the district legal services authority DSA to district level empowered committee DLC district level empowered committee these are supposed to be set up by the state governments at every district level according to the standard operating procedures recommended by the minister of home office. Now this DLC
41:22 will pick up the name, find out what is the issue. Is the issue because the person is very poor, they're not able to post the bail amount. In such cases, if the bail amount is up to 40,000 rupees, the government will essentially provide this assistance for the under trial to post the bail and get out of the jail. Is everybody able to understand? This is essentially the support to poor prisoner scheme. Now what is the problem? As usual with many of the schemes that have been announced by the central government, there is a problem associated with the implementation. Implementation. What do you mean by implementation? The state governments
42:08 are supposed to set up the committees. The committees are supposed to identify the poor prisoners under trial and give the recommendation to the DLEC. The argument that has been put forward by the officials of the Ministry of Home Affairs is that the state governments are not utilizing the funds. We have allocated the funds annually around 20 cr rupes under the scheme is set up by the central government which can be utilized right for providing the bail assistance to under trials. The government of India is now saying we have allocated the funds but the state governments are not able to utilize these particular they are falling short they are not performing their duties correctly and that is the reason the
42:54 states and union territories have been asked to better utilize the funds under this initiative everybody's okay right so this is the discussion associated with the scheme at very uh I hope you understand lot of you will have different opinions regarding the government providing the assistance but please be careful do not have extreme opinions whenever you read these kind of statements. I can see some of you commenting right. So argument is simple. It is a scheme announced by the center. This is right essentially to provide support support to poor undertrial prisoners but the implementation is lagging behind. Okay. Associated with this IMCQ. Consider the following statements regarding support to poor prisoners
43:42 scheme launched by the Ministry of Law and Justice. If you had not come across this article today, I'm pretty sure most of you would have said first statement is correct. All of you to understand this. If I had not discussed this article, if you do not come across this article in the newspaper, you would simply close your eyes and say law and justice perfect sense, right? Let's say judiciary, right? Undertrial prisoners, the term prison is there and law and justice is there. Then you'll jump to a conclusion statement is one. No, statement is incorrect. It is MH A. It targets the poor under trial prisoners who face a financial constraints in getting bail. Yes, it is a centrally
44:27 sponsored scheme. No, it is a central sector scheme. Central sector scheme. Centrally sponsored means center plus a state will contribute for the implementation that is financial contribution. It is a central sector scheme only. Second statement is correct. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one of the statement is okay. Let me go forward. Next article. Key rail project inaugurated in Jammu and Kashmir. JNK at key rail projects have been inaugurated by the prime minister. Yesterday this was there in multiple right let's say news channels as well. What is the importance? Importance is simple. This Chennaba bridge, Chennaba bridge
45:13 has been inaugurated. It's a engineering marvel by the way. Right? Engineering marvel because understand this these rail projects which have been inaugurated by the prime minister. These have been constructed in certain difficult regions. It's not a normal terrain on which these bridges have been constructed. These are very difficult terrains where wind speeds are very very high. there are deep gorgees here. Right? There is a systemic activity in the surrounding region etc. So keeping those particular points in the mind when you look at these kind of right let's say infrastructure projects these are engineering marvels right so China bridge has been inaugurated by the government or prime minister now so
45:59 three important announcements or let's say the inaugurations one is the China bridge second one is right the Anji bridge bridge is the first bridge in India which has been held by wires cable stayed cable stayed bridge essentially means imagine this is the land right and this is the bridge I hope you understand this this is a land and this is a bridge the whole bridge is being held by cables the whole bridge is being held by the cables right so this is the first cable stayed railway bridge in India can be asked in the preliminary examination please make a note of this and the third one is one day bharat train service between Katra and Shrinagar
46:44 What is the importance of the railway projects here? What is the importance apart from the height of right the bridge is so much, the length of the bridge is so much etc. All of that information is provided here. But what is the importance of these bridges? Listen to me carefully. One, it is going to reduce the time that is taken to travel in this region. Already the roads are existing but the need to construct a bridge was felt because a lot of times because of let's say different things there are landslides which will close these roads and the time taken to travel through roads is al also very high according to one estimates it's around 12 hours with the construction of these particular bridges the time taken will
47:31 be cut down now time taken will be reduced that is the point number one point number two these kind of let's say the infrastructure needs to be constructed in order in order to ensure more safety and security in order to improve security. For example, if the quick connectivity is present in these regions, can you move the security forces much faster? Of course, yes. So, it will also improve the safety and security in this particular region. Third very important point is it will help tourism. Remember this, it will help and promote a tourism in this particular region. Right? So that is also one of the very important outcomes. Fourth very important outcome economic activity in the form of transportation
48:18 of goods in the form of transportation of goods. For example, let's say apples which are grown in that particular region. Pashmina shaws which are produced in that particular region. Now these can be easily transported from that particular region to other parts of India and not just right exporting from or moving the agriculture commotities like this the importing of agriculture commodities raw materials inputs etc can also be done much faster much sooner and by the way this wand bharat train which has been inaugurated which will operate now it is all weather it is all weather that is irre Irrespective of even the
49:04 minus temperatures which are generally observed in this region do take place in this region even at minus temperatures the wand bharat the services will be active in the region right so these are certain very important points associated with the railway projects which have been announced or which have been inaugurated not announced announcement was done um when Indra Gandhi was the prime minister right more than decades now multiple decades old announce announcement but these projects have been inaugurated. These are the four different parts of the railway project which which were constructed over a period of time. Done. Okay. Let me go forward next article. Earlier I had discussed something uh or one article
49:49 associated with a concept called as gold loans. All of you remember this. Couple of days ago I discussed this concept of gold loans. And in the discussion I had mentioned regarding LTV. I told you that RB had mandated an LTV loan to value ratio of 75%. Now all the banks and NBFCs will have to stick to LT of 75% irrespective of who is taking a loan etc etc. And regarding that finance ministry had asked RBI to have a look at it. The chief minister of Tamil Ladu also had a written written a letter to the central government to ask RBA to have a review of this because lot of small borrowers would be affected by LTV norms. Now
50:35 updation associated with this updation. What is updation? Have a look at this. RBN now has made a review of these particular LTV norms. Now please have a look at this. If the loan is up to up to 2.5 lak rupees. If the loan is up to 2.5 lakh rupees that is again gold loan LTV applicable will be 85%. will be 85%. So RBI has increased the LTV ratio for lending against the gold to 85% for borrowings under 2.5 lakh. And right have a look at this. Earlier it was 75%, now it has been made right um uh 85%. Up to 2.5 lakh and if it is above
51:21 2.5 and up to 5 lak rupees it will be changed to 80% it will go down to 80% LTV and if it is more than 5 lak rupees it will become 75%. Is everybody okay with this update? Do let me know in the chat section. Is everybody okay with this update? Rather than having a uniform LTV for all the loans, now it will be graded. It will be graded. And what is the use of it? If you're wondering what is the use of it, most of the loans, more than 60 to 70% of the gold loans which are taken are up to 2 lak rupees in India are up to two lak rupees. And because these are
52:07 generally taken by the middle inome households, lower income households when the LTV is increased instead of 75 it will become 85. It will help the borrowers to borrow more without having to pledge more gold under the gold loan initiative. Done. So this is an update. Please make a note of this. Graded LTV has been announced. Graded LTV. And before I go forward, let me ask you one question. What is the maximum value of the gold that you can pledge and take a loan? Let me see. Or let's say volume not value volume. What is the maximum volume of the gold that you can pledge and take a loan? Anybody knows the
52:52 answer? The answer to this is also given here. The answer to this is given in the article itself. The maximum volume of the gold that you can provide to take a loan is 1 kg. Gold is 1 kg. Silver remember this 10 kgs. Silver is a 10 kg. Gold is maximum 1 kg can be asked in the preliminary examination next year. Please be very very careful. And somebody is asking what is LTV? Two people LTV is loan to value. That is what is the value of the gold today that you're pledging 75% of the value will be given to you in the form of loan provided it is more than 5 lakh if it is
53:38 up to 2.5 up to five 85% 80% respective let me go forward next article associated with science and technology please make a note of this there are multiple types of amiebas which are present there are mult multiple types of amiebas right different varieties of amibas which are present right these are present in the open atmosphere itself but out of these 400 plus varieties or let's say the species of amieba which are present there are very few of these species which are right let's say diseasecausing which are disease-causing that is these kind of amoeba species will cause a disease pathogenic ambia
54:26 numbers. This can be asked in the preliminary examination. Please make a note of this. I've given you the list here. Right? I've given the list here. Please have a look at it. Again, just have a look at it. Can be asked straightforward in the preliminary examination. For example, which of the following species of amiba are pathogenic in nature? Can be a straightforward question. These are the types. Now, what is the update here? What is update? Update is very simple. There are different types of species of amoeiba which are pathogenic. I told you these cause a brain fever. These cause brain fever that is different types of right encphylites syndrome. Encphilitis acute
55:12 etc etc different types of brain fevers are there. So the argument here is whenever there is right let's say a pathogen which has entered into host body that is let's say us children etc you conduct a test when you conduct a test you will identify there is right a pathogen so and so and you will create a treatment you will provide a treatment to kill the pathogen until now it has been stated in the article that whenever these kind of cases were found for testing purposes They used to send the test samples to another test laboratory. For example, there is one test laboratory which has been mentioned here which is there in another state. And whenever you do not have sufficient testing facilities, you do not have a
55:59 testing kit developed by yourself present in the same region, it might lead to delays. It might basically lead to starting the cure or starting the treatment after a delayed response. So the problem was there right and now the Kerala government has announced that the state public health lab remember this the state public health lab has developed its kits testing kits have been developed by this particular lab using which the deadly amieba which causes the encphylopetis or encphilitis syndrome can be detected much sooner and once you can detect it much sooner the treatment can is started much sooner
56:44 thereby reducing the cases of death of the host patient here because mind you when you talk about right the amiba and these diseases that is amibic menjo encphilitis these are very deadly diseases the mortality rate right in these cases is more than 90%. where most of the times the patient who has contracted this will end up right dying and not surviving because of the disease. So the state lab has developed it. These are right let's say the pathogenic ambibas and this is the update associated with that. Please make a note of this. Next another small article sha Mr. Amit Sha has launched BBA initiative. BBA initiative. What is
57:34 this BBA initiative that is mentioned here? Simple. The government of India in the last couple of years has been implementing multiple measures in order to ensure the administration in India is done using other languages using languages which are native to India and I'm pretty sure all of you know this most of the administrative work in India is conducted is done in English that is right the documents are printed in English right the documents are filed in English the communication between the governments is done in English etc. Now in order to reduce this kind of a usage of a foreign language and promote our own language the government of India in the budget has announced an initiative
58:22 that is the Bharata Bhasha Anubhaga Bhasha Anubhag BBA BBA has been set up under the home ministry. Remember this lot of you will be confused associated with this. The Bharatya Bhasha Anubhag has been set up under the ministry of home affairs and right this BBA is part of right it is part of uh the ministry right that is the ministry of home affairs specifically under this there is right a ministry I'm sorry uh the ministry of home affairs it has been set up right that is uh the department of official languages department of official
59:08 language languages. Remember this also department of official languages which function functions under minister of home affair. So argument here is simple the government of India in the budget has proposed a certain funding to develop this particular anubag what will be the role of this right let's say the Indian languages section in English it is called as Indian languages section what will be the role of this role is very simple according to the statements which have been provided by the representatives of the government this will be developing different systems which can translate translate Hindi into other languages used by the states in India and vice versa. For example, let's
59:54 say the let's say the the central government minister will write a letter in Hindi to any of the ministers using another language. It could be let's say Canada, it could be Tamil, it could be right Telugu, right? Different languages or Odia for that matter. The argument is there is always right a problem problem in the sense right a minister from another state which uses another language may not understand what is being communicated in Hindi and when this minister will give reply let's say write write a letter in reply using their language that is the their state language again there is a gap in the communication so argument is very simple now this right BBA along with that is
1:00:41 the partnership with the CDAC will be developing systems where Hindi to regional languages the conversion will happen translation will happen and when reply will happen reply will be done automatically from that right let's say the different language now the translation will happen in Hindi this will essentially ensure that the administration that will be carried out will not be using English rather Indian language this This is essentially the importance of the Bharata Bhasha Anubhag or Indian languages section which has been set up under the minister of home affairs. Done. Now have a look at this. The department of official languages, right? The department of official
1:01:29 languages functions under dash. Straightforward question. It should not be difficult to know. Minister of education, no. Minister of Home Affairs, yes. Ministry of Culture. No, I've given this because if you have not read the article, slightly tricky question, slightly tricky because you'll feel that official languages should come under education department also. You'll feel under it should come under uh ministry of culture as well. No, but under the ministry of home affairs. Okay. Next article. Um portal, right? Um portal. The Ministry of Minority Affairs has launched a new portal. The full form of UMID is unified work management,
1:02:14 empowerment, efficiency and development. This is the full form of UMID. What is the importance of this particular portal? It will be a centralized digital repository. That's it. Is the point clear? I'll repeat this again. It will be a centralized digital depository of all the work properties. It will also have a different right let's say usages such as any kind of a grievance that you have associated with the work property you can raise in this particular portal. It will also have right a system to promote transparent leasing of the work properties. It will also integrate that is the geographic uh the credit uh the identification that is right what is the
1:03:01 longitude latitude etc. The GIS mapping will also be provided or it will be integrated with this particular portal assets which are listed here and it will also be a portal which will provide public access. That is you can real time in real time check what kind of work property is getting listed right anybody has a lease on it what is the grievance against it anybody has raised a grievance etc etc all of that can be tracked in this particular one-stop portal regarding work properties in India so remember two points right one ministry of minority affairs has launched it and this is the full form and these are the usages objectives of the port. Okay, couple of
1:03:48 more articles just factual information. Now, next article, Mr. Modi to attend G7 that is group of seven countries. The G7 summit is about to be held now and there has been a lot of discussion associated with the G7 G7. Now, what is the update here? Update is very simple. The prime minister of Canada has extended has extended or has basically invited Mr. Modi to participate in the G7 group meeting. Earlier it was extended to one more country and that led to a lot of discussion deliberation whether India will be invited or not. Now India has also been invited by Canadian prime minister to participate in the G7 meet coming up. What is the importance of the
1:04:36 article? importance is in the sense that in recent times the relations between India and Canada have suffered a certain drawbacks certain setbacks have been experienced right over a period of time certain allegations by the previous government previous leadership was alleged against Indian officials regarding involvement of Indian officials in assassinating certain right let's say unwanted terrorist so argument is very simple here The relations right the diplomatic relations between both India and Canada have experienced a setback no doubt regarding that right allegations were made counter allegations were made right the government of India rejected all these allegations the diplomats who were
1:05:22 appointed in both of the countries were expelled right so certain impact has been felt now with the change in the leadership in Canada we expect these relations to normal and strengthen in the coming days and that is expected to happen with participation of prime minister in the upcoming G7 conference. Done. Now next article just an update again. Starlink has been given license by government of India that is the department of telecom has issued the license to Starlink has given the license to Starlink to provide internet services. Right? Again not just any internet services satellite internet services that is essentially the
1:06:08 internet signals right will be beamed directly from the satellite to a receiver which is fitted on this infrastructure and you can use the internet that is a different compared to the fiber or the broadband internet that we're using which is a wide internet so this becomes a third company in India third company in India to get the satellite internet services license Earlier the two companies are one the util setat and the second one is Jio. These two have been given the license. This will become the third company to get the license. Okay. And final article just an update in art and culture. A new Shiva temple. New in the sense new finding. Okay. So a Shiva temple has been unearthed in Maduray. A Shiva
1:06:55 temple has been unearthed in Maduray. It has been dated according to the data provided here. According to the researchers, it is dated right for the period 2017 to 2018 CE. And this Shiva temple is right being or uh has been uh built by the kings during the pandia period right the pandias right I'm pretty sure when you read about history you'll come across pandas in the southern India. So pandas right are said to have constructed this particular during the reign of pandias. This right a shiva temple is said to have been constructed right. So these are certain important points again just for sake of information please make a note of this because this article is there in the
1:07:41 current affairs suddenly next year in the preliminary examination there can be question on pandasa from southern India that is the connection you need to establish right. or it has been constructed during the reign of Maravana Maravarman Sundara Pandya. So these are two important points associated with the article done. Okay. Right. So these are the important articles I wanted to discuss in today's session. If you have any questions do let me know. But before that, if you like this initiative, if you have benefited from this initiative, then show us your appreciation by hitting the like button and provide your valuable comments in the section below as well after the session is over. If you have any questions do let me know. I'll address your questions otherwise we
1:08:27 can close the session for today. How CR is durable? My dear repo rate when you borrow under repo, it is for 7 days, it is for 14, it is for 28 etc. Which means you take money today you'll have to return after let's say 7 days but in case of a CR when you b you don't have to borrow under CR when CR is reduced imagine until now CR is 4%. Which means out of 100 CR you kept four CR with RBI. Now it will be reduced to 3%. Which means you'll have to keep only three CR with RBI and RB doesn't change CR every month. RA doesn't change CRR right even after two month immediately after two months it is generally done after right
1:09:13 let's say a certain time period which means now you'll have extra 1 CR to lend in the market that is the reason right essentially the CR will induce durable liquidity in the market okay bullet repayment bullet repayment simply means normally when you take a loan you will make EMI equated monthly installments But when you take a loan which is a bullet payment or bullet repayment, you do not have to make monthly installments upon the end of the loan tenure. In case of gold loans, it is 12 months for bullet repayment. Upon the end of the tenure, you will pay the principle along with the interest in one shot. That is called as bullet repayment. Okay. How is
1:09:59 report rate linked with STF? My dear, it's not how it is. RBS simply said says the gap between repo and STR will be let's say 50 basis points. Let's take a simple example. Let's say it is 50 basis points. If repo rate is 4%, STR automatically will become 3 and a half. If repo rate will become 5%, STR automatically will become 4 and a half. This is the linkage I'm talking about. Okay. Creation of digital inventory my dear it simply means there is a portal where all the data will be present that's it geo tagging means what is a longitude and latitude geography longitude and latitude that is
1:10:44 coordinates when you know the coordinates and you can check the coordinates that is called a geotagging okay done so uh that's it from my side in today's session then if you like this initiative do hit the like button if you're yet to join our YouTube channel kindly do it right Now, thank you. Have a great day.
