0:05 [music] Hello everyone welcome back to my YouTube channel this is Deepika and in today's session we will discuss about Political Science ke Approaches Jo Aa in which today we will focus on traditional approaches as you know the approaches of Political Science There are two categories, the first one is the traditional approach and the second one is the modern approach, so first of all, let me tell you what we are going to understand in today's video, what we are going to read, let's take another view, then the traditional approach Will cover in today's session and first of all we will understand what is the meaning of approach what do you understand by approach when we will clear this concept then it will be a little easier for us to understand what are
0:51 traditional approaches What are the modern approaches, what are the traditional approaches and what are their major characteristics, then only we will be able to differentiate what are the traditional approaches and modern approach differences, then the types of traditional approaches are basically the major types of traditional approaches in which we discuss Philosophical approach, Institutional approach, Historical approach and Legal approach, give right, in the last we will do a critical evaluation, that is, what were the limitations of the traditional approach, due to which some improvements have been made and taken to the modern approach, then in the last we will criticize this topic of traditional approach. It is very important from your exam point of view,
1:38 you can see that lots of questions have not been asked from this topic, you can see here, I have included previous years question papers, so seeing these questions, the importance of this topic is You must be knowing that, when we study political science, then what is political truth, right there are lots of process, when you study something, you do research, then there is a complete process and you get to know about it from the process. You have to go through if you are preparing for any competition then you have to crack the competition then it is a complete process isn't it step by step first you will give free female then you will give interview then it is a complete process isn't it and this is complete process Various methoded techniques strategy in action,
2:30 if you do it, then in the same way, the whole process of political science, you understand political phenomenon, political theories, rate political truth, then during this process, the methods taken, these strategies are done, one of them is what you find. Out of truth then that is what we call approach now if you want to define it then how can you do that which approach happens this is basically and attempt to understand and explain for example let us see that we have to understand justice right Various political scientists have their own approach to explain what is justice, to understand justice, John
3:18 Royles has his own approach, Red Amartya Sen has his own approach, so in this way everyone has a different approach to understand justice. There should be a different process of understanding, Plato defines justice in another way, error is total, he defines in another way, then this is political inquiry, which is political understanding, for different concepts related to political science. We call this political inquiry as approach, so this is what happened to this basically approach, how are we dealing with it, we are adopting method, we are adopting strategy, you understand what is this justice, Plato did his own different method, that which Tri part I did division of soul
4:08 based on that then arrest total separated John rolls adjusted it differently defined so now you must be clear what is broad ok now when we discuss these approaches If there are two major classifications are done, traditional approach and modern approach, it is a strategy, it is not a technique, it is right or it is a political inquiry, it is based on two triangles, which is a traditional approach, it will be value based. Normative in nature in which the focus is on values, good life, happy life, rate right, wrong, good bed, these things are focused on, then they give traditional
4:54 approaches, when modern approaches come, where the political inquiry is scientific, fact based. Modern approach If placed in the category of, this is the basic difference. Now let us see that the traditional approach which is a background, then we will see its characteristics, then the traditional approach from Plato to the 28th century, which is to understand political science or political science The way of approach that they had, we call it traditional. Approaches are classified in a major way, now this was the traditional approach which Plato and Arrest Hotel and what happened to him till the rest of the 28th century.
5:44 What do they talk about, like taking Plato's example, Plato's objective is to create an idea state in which 11 gems are grinding or the social order which is maintaining harmony, peace in it, grinding happiness which is individual. If he can achieve good life which is the objective of happy life, then this ideal has become ideal in nature, which is reality thinker, as you will see in Mackerally, or later on, more modern thinkers will be called reality thinkers, meaning those who actually What is happening will talk to him that human nature is not only ideal, it is not just good and bad, many things
6:34 that are real happening, corruption, all those things also have influence, human being is selfish in nature, all these things we disc S Karenge Modern Approach Mein De Philosophical Ethical And Normative So we will see that happiness is based on what factors or what is the
7:23 percentage of happiness that is actually there, on the basis of all these facts and on the basis of experience, we will come to the modern approach . Is divided into categories now let's see here the political inquiry which is done in the traditional approach na the one who will make political theory will give concepts like justice liberty so here what is their purpose moral purpose is moral why because vomiting which traditional approach Philosophers or thinkers, they talk about happy life, not good life, social order, harmony in the society, moral purpose here, okay, if you have
8:08 understood the basic background of the traditional approach, then we move on to the next step. Let's look at the characteristics so that your understanding about the traditional approach becomes more clear, then first what is the characteristic, what is the traditional approach, this is the value based approach, this is the traditional approach, which emphasizes, focuses on values, okay now Values are just the opposite of fact values, all your ethical values, moral values, like you have trust, happiness, red, justice, bucket, give respect, things go into values that now mutual respect has become due respect. All these values are not the values that we pursue in our life, neither
8:56 all these things are involved here, if we will be involved in it, then the first is value based, second is the traditional approach, this is largely what is normative in nature. Now it is normative , so why is it being called normative? Basically, the focus has been on the values of the traditional approach, right on the values of the politics, because of this it is called normative in nature, it is said that the supporters of the traditional approach mother Nana hai ki jo political science hai it is value based it is normative so it cannot be scientific n what is the reason for being scientific n that political
9:41 science ki jo inquiry jo approach jo fact hai cannot be based on factual information There are many reasons for this because if you remove values from political science then it will become natural science and political science is a social science different from natural science is natural science like your physics become biology chemistry what is this natural sciences then political Science is called social science, it deals with society, it deals with human beings, then the value of human beings, which is nature, is value driven, not value based, so now how can you convert human behavior into fact? In this university does not behave like circumstances
10:32 change, sometimes happy, sometimes unhappy, sometimes there is something, it cannot be scientific in this way, means you cannot measure these things. that which Social respect is the findings of social sciences means it is given the term Inter- disciplinary in nature Inter-disciplinary in nature Whose feature is this characteristic Whose is it characteristic of modern approaches This is missing in traditional approaches If it is worthy then traditional approaches neglect the findings of other social sciences other social sciences such as psychology economics Modern approaches have adopted an interdisciplinary nature, in which respect is a social science, like
11:24 sociology has become psychology, economics has become economics, these findings are also included in political science, because human behavior is influenced by social dimensions as well . Ok like in political science we talk about power, so isn't power driven by economy, now here people want to go to power because of economic motives and benefits, like corruptions, so this power is driven somewhere or the other. It has happened in the same way that sociology has happened in economics, what kind of society people come from, what kind of psychological behavior they have, it will also have an influence in the decision making process or the way in which political decision
12:14 making will happen, which way of political If there are institutions, then the limitation of traditional approach is that if it is not inter-disciplinary in nature, then it has become characteristic. It has been of formal nature, which is a subject matter, that means it has focused more on formal institutions, institutions like government, state or aap ka sakte ho, judiciary ho gaya aapka or legislative ho gaya executive ho gaya, so it is more focused on this than the former institution. Now the political process which is there in the traditional approaches has been neglected somewhere ok day some section also believes that your traditional
13:06 approach focuses more on the western European political system since then the next fardar in this way They hold value judgments, all these things will happen, so if these are the basic characteristics, then you must write in your answer that the word 'fardar' or 'philosophical approach', now we will discuss the types of approaches that we have mentioned. What is the Philosophical approach, it is one of the oldest approach, we all know that in the Philosophical approach, which is our Political Science, it is studied by combining it with Ethics, Politics, which is a Philosophical approach, believes that Human being
13:52 , which is his philosophy, Red, which are ethical values, which are moral values, its influence falls on politics, ok, in a way, which will remain gold in this philosophical approach, which will remain moral, which will remain truth, whose rights will be moved somewhere or the other. Correct about and wrong will not come ok so which is Philosophical approach it is very close to ethics as I already told that the supporters of Philosophical approach like Platole Rousseau they believe that which is politics and ethics these days are intrlt and separate them It cannot be understood by doing
14:38 Philosophical approach, the goal of his political inquiry was to create a good social order, to create a good political order in which the human being can pursue a happy life, the values he has focused on, because of which he Will say Philosophical approach and its main supporters are Platt and So Kant Hegel, people of this type have supported it, Van Major Leo Strauss who has been a supporter is considered next historical of Philosophical approach In the approach historical approach, it has been considered that whatever if we want to do political inquiry which is
15:29 happening in present political way, political process or political institution which are of present time, then we have to understand their history. Because political institutional has not come there Haj without a long history and this is their gradual development, so without understanding their history, we cannot understand the present contemporary things that are happening in the political domain, ok then political Thinkers who are involved in historical approach like mekkaveli left tanning they believe that politics and history are classically interlinked like
16:18 what we saw in philosophical approach that politics and ethics are interlinked then po politics in hortorial approach If you want to study then why do you have to study its history right like for example if you want to understand the concept of justice in the society then what is the meaning of justice Where did the concept come from, how was the right justice pursued in our text, what was the approach of justice, it has to be understood, only then we will be able to understand the present. Ok then this is a very important thing. have to mention ok
17:03 Next is legal approach then legal approach is traditional approach and in legal approach the politics which is interlinked which is legal or juridiction or which is our legal process then those who are supporters of legal approach say that politics and which is legal process Legal Institutions, Legal Mechanism, this is the interlink and it is discussed that what is the State, this is the fundamental organization, what is the fundamental organization for, for the formation of the loss, for the enforcement of the loss, so if you want to understand the state, politics If you want to understand, you have to understand the judicial process too, so let's understand how to explain this Philosophical approach, politics plus
17:56 history, legal approach, politics plus legal process or legal mechanism and institutions, if you care so much, then please explain the legal approach. It is said that the supporter is your body in growth years, hops dicee, it is their work, they support the legal approach or when these political scholars have studied political science, then there is a legal application Roach has been adopted by them, OK, next institutional approach, now in institutional approach, politics plus institutions, keep in mind that in institutional approach, politics revolves somewhere, institutions which are structures,
18:46 institutions like legislature, executive, judiciary, so these institutions which These are the structures which have to be studied and this approach is called Institutional Approach ok so here I can also call this Institutional Approach as Formal Approach that Formal Structures which are Institutions are Formal Structures like Executive Legislature Judiciary Study these Ok is doing informal structures so now who is its main supporter Arrest Total started with a good meaning and later modern thinkers like James Bentley became Walter or Last, they developed this approach further then I do not
19:37 think that now you will forget that these are the types of traditional approaches, how to define them, in this you have to remember the core theme. Like politics plus ethics in philosophile and politics judicial process or legal process in legal, after that politics plus history in historical, politics plus institutions became the theme and then they became scholars . You can write paragraphs very comfortably, now we will critically evaluate, we will critically evaluate what are the short comings of traditional approaches, so first of all, it is normative in nature, which focuses on the value, because of
20:26 which the contemporary society Ignore it because of its ideal in nature so traditional approach is idealistic in nature so they have always talked about what should be the meaning of what should be like Plato says there should be an ideal state so all these thinkers ne has ignored ki bhai reality kya hai what is happening pe karke na karke focus kahan raha hai what aur tu bhi jab ki political science ko focus kahan ko hona what is happening in de real word read ye Give a lot of thinkers say that it is speculative and obstructive nature like that of Plato, you can also give an example to remember, here the ideal state we talk about, the philosopher, the ruler,
21:13 Plato, so what is this abstract in nature? At present, it is not adjusting now, you have just given an idea that it should be like this from Han, but when you will give it a real shop and bring it into existence, only then it will be of exact nature. I have just ignored political behavior, since then I have ignored international problems or only take van aspect like historical has taken historical aspect, legal has taken legal aspect in legal approach and ethical aspect in philosophical. Institutions have been taken in institutional approach, they are running with only one aspect, whereas the human life, the life
22:02 of the people, is not related to just one aspect, there are multiple aspects, we are social, we are cultural, we are also Red International Global Level. Right now we are dealing with psychology, tomorrow also human beings or sociology, which are various factors of our society, they are also influencing the difference making, these are multiple dimensions, that is why it was necessary that the approach of political science should be made inter-disciplinary, only then Then your modern approaches come into existence then next we will discuss modern approaches in which we will try to understand behavioralism then hope you would have liked it and understood it also and please like share and subscribe if you like it and please ki main
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