CompTIA Network+ (Certification Exam N10-009) | 70 Questions with Explanations

0:00 howy folks welcome to version one of the network plus practice questions as you can see on the screen these practice questions are specifically for the n10 d09 version of the netor plus exam but they will actually also work for the other versions of the N plus exam so if you're perhaps studying for an older version or a newer version of the nitic plus exam yes these questions will still apply to those exams as well and you can use them to prepare for those exams in the end of the day folks the practice questions still measure you on the same skills and they still cover mostly the same objectives now in case anyone is wondering if these are the actual questions from the actual exam no they

0:46 are not it's not allowed by the vendor and most vendors actually won't allow that these do however measure you on the same skills and the same objectives if you understand the actual topics and the concepts themselves then yes you're ready to go and write the exam if you however still feel uncomfortable with some of the topics and Concepts then please do not go and write the exam just yet I would rather suggest for you to go and study a little bit longer rather go study some more until you feel comfortable with all the topics and Concepts you see here in these videos of mine the idea here folks is for you to actually understand the topics and the concepts in this course and once you eventually have that under the belt then you'll be fine in the exam

1:32 no matter how the ventor decides to throw these questions at you now if you're not sure where to start if you're struggling with your studies I would suggest you start specifically with the topics you're struggling with or you can just join my Discord server and ask for assistance there there are always lots of folks on there that are more than willing to help you with explanations and that includes myself you can find that video in the video description down below now speaking of the exam objectives folks you can actually find find that very easily by just running a search in a search engine of your choice for coma Network plus n109 exam objectives alternatively you can just use the link in my video description I'm going to add a link for you guys in the video description down below so here is more or less what it looks like so after I opened it after

2:17 running a search foot this is more or less what you guys can expect to see in the exam objective so let me just very briefly scroll through here so you guys can see you're going to have a maximum of 90 questions in this official exam that's going to be Performance Based questions you're going to have a maximum of 90 minutes to complete that so that's about an hour and a half there are the domains that's going to be covered now that on its own seems pretty simple but if we scroll a little bit down a little bit more here you can see there's the first domain ning Concepts and there's a subsection so the first subsection is the OSI model we obviously covered that already in my video course subsection two subsection three so you can see each of these sections has little subsections of lots and lots of topics that's going to be covered so if you want to know what's going to be covered what

3:03 objectives you're going to be measured on in the n109 version exam please go have a look at these objectives and then you can get a better idea of what you're going to be tested on now the video that you guys are watching right now my aim here is to measure you guys on these same objectives measure you on the same skills now I've made 70 questions in this video but using just 70 questions is sometimes a little tricky to test you on all of these objectives so I might need to do two or three videos cuz um honestly I don't think I covered all of these objectives I think I missed quite a few so I'm going to have to make a second and a third video to cover all of these objectives but for the time being this is the first video this is why I say this is version one there's going to be a version two and probably a version free as well depending on how many questions I need to cover all the

3:48 objectives and once I've done that then after watching those videos you should be ready to go and write the exam so I think that's going to help you guys a lot once I've got all those videos up and going and and uh I think now that we've got all of this blah blah out of the way if you folks haven't done it already please do your homie here a favor and like this video it helps me and it helps the channel out and if you folks would like to know when I release more of these practice questions version two and version fre or just in general training videos for that matter then maybe also consider subscribing otherwise you might miss it all right folks I think we've talked enough in this intro let's go look at question one the first question here here says you are teaching a new Junior technician at

4:33 Burning ice Tech how to crimp a normal crossover network cable which of the following cable configurations is correct now what I'm going to try and achieve in this question is to see if you guys understand the difference between a straight through cable as well as a crossover cable and if you know how to go and do the configuration for a crossover cable you need to understand this for the exam folks because this is something they're going to expect you to understand and know in the official exam so what I'm going to do here is I'm going to do four drawings for you guys so there's going to be four drawings and um obviously since the drawings are going to go quite fast I encourage you guys to pause the video if need be so once the first drawing is done pause the video for a second or two and check the configuration check if you think that's

5:19 correct or not then move on to the second configuration pause the video check what you think of the configuration whether you think it's correct or not same happens at configuration 3 same happens with configuration four and after the fourth configuration shows on the screen I'm going to give you guys the four configurations and you're going to have to choose an answer after you've chosen what you think the answer would be I'm going to let you guys know what the answer is and I'm going to explain to you why so there's going to be four drawings please feel free to pause the video on a drawing if you need to if you don't that's fine you can just go and watch it and you you can check it out that quickly then sure go for it all right so starting with configuration a um as you guys can see I'm going to put eight pins on the left and eight pins on

6:04 the right and if you're not sure what that is for that is for a normal network cable of an RJ45 connector each of these eight pins is an RJ45 connector so the eight pins on the left that's one connector and the eight pins on the right that's a different connector so this is a crossover cable and I'm going to draw some lines here there we go totally random lines it might be correct it might not be correct but if you understand crossover cables you would know whether this is correct or not all right take a moment take it in okay let's move on to configuration B folks have configuration B once again the same eight pins on both sides this time there we go I'm going to draw the lines a little bit differently for you guys so

6:52 the pins are connected differently this time take a moment take it in check if you think it's correct all right I'm going to move on to configuration C now folks all right so configuration C same story as before eight pins on each side here's the lines pause if you need to all right after you've taken it in let's move on to configuration D all right here's the last one folks configuration D eight pins on each side I'm going to draw some lines randomly to some random pins it might be correct it might not be correct only I know which one is correct and if you studied you would know as well which one isct correct all right folks I'm going to take you back to my initial question which I sucked out of my thumb here is the four configurations a all the way

7:37 through to D now if you paid attention you would know which one is the answer here so if you want you can shout out the answer in your head now if you want to so I'm going to tell you guys what the answer is the answer was configuration B now if you don't understand why let me bring configuration B back on the screen there we go I'm going to draw the lines again for you guys very we go now a crossover cable folks pin one and two are senders pin three and six are receivers and four and five they just stay the same and seven and eight just stay the same they're generally used for Speed and that kinds of stuff so pin one on the left which is a sender needs to go to pin three on the right which is a receiver pin two on the left which is a

8:24 sender needs to go to pin six on the right which is a receiver and the same can be said about the right hand side if you look at the right hand side pin one which is a sender goes to pin three on the left which is a receiver and if you look at the right hand side pin two which is a sender it goes to pin six on the left which is a receiver and then everything else just stays the same so that is the configuration for a normal crossover cable folks that's why the answer was configuration B all right cool let's move on to question two which of the following nit Network attacks usually takes place by overloading a server a service or a website with so much traffic to the point where it times

9:10 out or crashes now what kind of attack do you guys think that is all right so here's the possible answers on the screen for you guys is it a a ransomware attack no guys it's not a ransomware attack so for those of you that don't know ransomware ATT tax normally goes and encrypts everything on your machine or a company's Network so if you happen to get this on your own personal laptop one of the first things you'll notice is everything on your laptop is encrypted some of them allow you to browse around some of them don't generally what you'll also see is there's going to be some sort of prompt on the screen which is going to tell you to go and pay the ransom normally in the cryptocurrency of some sort probably something like Bitcoin and they normally give you a deadline you've got to go and pay this Ransom within about two days 3 days or so failing which they threatened to go and delete all your data now if you

9:56 happen to get this in a company environment oh boy Trust me you don't want to get that then you better hope you've got backups so nowhere does ransomware overload a service it just encrypts your data and it wants a ransom in the form of cryptocurrency if you look at answer B virus that is normally a form of code with malicious intent and its intent is not to overload something but instead just to do some sort of harm on your machine or a server so it's generally code with malicious intent so the answer is not a the answer is not b if you look at answer c a DS attack now dos is short for distributed denial of service attack and this is normally done by using a bot net now for those of you that don't know what a botn net is it's

10:42 basically a network of lots and lots of computers that's been infected of malware and these machines that's now been infected of malware they're doing someone's bidding the person that created this malware this bot network is probably doing his or her bidding so this person can go and use this massive network of machines that's now infected to go and crack passwords to go and do Mass fishing attacks Mass spam attacks and mass denial of service attacks yep that's the answer here folks so that botn net has got lots and lots of machines this can be hundreds thousands tens of thousands of even and these machines are all going to visit their same server the same service or same website it's going to visit them all at the same time and it's going to overload

11:29 this website or server with so much freaking traffic to the point where it cannot cope with the load and it's going to either time out or it's going to crash now the last answer there we already know it's not the answer but just in case you guys are wondering what a rainbow table attack is that is a form of a passw attack you get many forms of password attacks and that's one of the less Dangerous Ones these days I wouldn't say it's not dangerous it's still very dangerous but it's not as dangerous as it used to be because these days we've got custom ban password lists and global band password list if you guys know what that is so rainbow table attack is when a hacker or an attacker has got a predefined list of passwords that they know for a fact is very likely to be successful so this list might literally just be 10 passwords and if I

12:14 know you very well or I know your company very well or if I understand a product or a service very well I might know what the default posits are or I might know what password someone or something might use so basically it is passwords that's very likely to be successful that is a rainbow table attack folks all right let's move on to question three folks you are busy configuring a new Switch and you want to connect two ports to the core switch to ensure redundancy which of the following would allow you to do this now if you don't know what a core switch is that's the main switch so this pretend company of mine has got multiple switches in it and the core switch is going to be the main switch and the switch you're trying to connect is just one of many now what

13:00 this person wants to achieve here or what we need to achieve here is we want to go and connect multiple cables between these two switches normally it would just be one cable now if something were to happen to that cable someone unplugs it it gets damaged or let's say one of the ports blows on one of these switches that's a problem because the link between these two switches is now going to be broken but if you've got two cables plugged onto both sides that's going to give you a form of redundancy or should I say fault tolerance now looking at the list down below folks what will allow you to achieve that goal is it answer a vlans now for those of you that don't know vlans is short for virtual lands that gives you or someone the ability to go and create multiple

13:46 virtual networks inside your physical Network so if you ever find yourself in a pickle of a situation where you now suddenly need multiple networks in your building when you just have one instead of having to go and install additional switch shes and additional network cables and all that I mean that guys is going to take a lot of time a lot of effort it's going to cost you a lot of money instead of doing that why not use the existing infrastructure in your network so instead of installing additional physical networks you can go and use the existing infrastructure and create multiple virtual networks within that physical Network now answer a is got nothing to do with this redundancy that we want it's just going to allow you to have multiple virtual networks it's got nothing to do with redundancy looking at answer B link aggregation now

14:34 folks that actually is the answer in the scenario it's actually also known as Port aggregation and in some cases this might even be referred to as Nick teaming it's got multiple names so you can go look it up on Google if you want to or you can go check in your manual it's referred to as link aggregation some people call this port aggregation and some people call this Nick teing I'm specifically mentioning all these names to you guys because I don't know which one com might decide to go and ask you guys in the exam so on the off chance they might ask you the other one or the other one then at least you know which is which it all means the exact same thing so link aggregation folks is when you take two cables or more between two switches and you go and make them clones for the lack of a bit description so I've got two switches like in this

15:19 question of mine one is the main switch in this pretend company of mine the other one is just a random switch I've got two cables into the core switch two cables into the switch and these two cables are doing the exact same thing it's a backup link so they're splitting the load so that's another benefit you actually get out of this it gives you a form of load balancing there is splitting the load you're going to get more speed out of this connection now since there's two cables between these two switches and in the event of one of these cables breaking or failing for whatever reason then the link is not going to break between these switches the users will still be able to do whatever they were trying to do in the beginning and they're never going to be the at the worst case scenario the link might just be a little bit slower but the end of the day at least the users can still do what they need to do that's

16:05 what we want so yeah we already know the answer is B answer C guys ACS that is short for Access Control lists you can do this in multiple places but this is most commonly done on a network switch not all switches allow this you can only do this on a manage switch an unmanage switch is a cheap switch which doesn't really allow you to do much you just plug into it and that's it a manage switch they cost a lot of money you get different brands you get different models and um depending on the brand and the model you'll have the ability to go and log into it and you'll have the ability to go and configure what we call Access Control lists in a nutshell it allows you to control the flow of traffic I can choose where people are allowed to come from and where they're allowed to go to and depending on where they're coming from I might allow them

16:51 to go to the destination they want to go to or I might not allow them to go to the destination they want to go to so in short I can control the flow of traffic I'm Network I decide what's allowed and what's not allowed depending on where they're coming from and where they're going to the last answer there folks Poe that is short for power over ethernet this can be a small actual device which can fit in the palm if your hand those you'll generally find only in someone's home environment or a very small office environment more commonly Poe is something you guys are going to find on a network switch so if the network switch supports Poe usually on front of the switch it's going to have Poe written on the front very clearly and that means it sends power into the

17:36 EET cables now EET cables on its own already does have a little bit of power in them but it's not enough to power up any device so if you ever find yourself in a pickle of a situation where you've got a device where you can plug a network cable into it but it's not near any power this can solve that problem two such examples would be access points and void phones especially especially access points where do you normally find access points high up on the ceiling now getting a n cable there is not a problem because we often put them in the walls and in the ceiling but do you have a socket there a power socket that you can plug that access point into usually not so funny enough these access points in the box of the access point it actually comes with a little uh power cable and all that but I don't know where they expect us to plug that into because

18:22 normally we put these access points high up on the ceiling somewhere so you're probably going to end up having to power this this device via the network cable now on its own the network cable is not going to be able to do that so you're going to have to jack it up a little bit with power so you are going to have to plug that n cable not just into any switch but a switch that has Poe capability so when you plug that cable into a Poe switch it's still going to be able to transfer data like usual but now it also sends power into that netor cable powering up the device as soon as you plug netor cable into it it's going to power up that access point or it's going to power up that void phone and that's pretty much what it is in the nutshell folks all right folks let's move on to question four you're busy setting up email for a user and you

19:11 need to ensure that the user is using secure email which is the following ports is used for secure email so we're not necessarily asking you which ports are for email um I'm asking you which Port is for secure email looking at the port numbers down below folks which port number do you guys think that is if you at the first port number there being 25 that actually is for email but it's not for secure email 25 is for SMTP that's clear text as well so it's not secure if you look at the second answer there 110 that is also for email that is for pop free but it's not secure it's not encrypted it's just normal clear text so 25 is SMTP that's in clear text 110 is

19:58 pop free which is also in clear text if you look at Port 143 what is that for that is for IMAP folks but it's also still in clear text it's not secure if you look at the very last port number there folks yes that indeed is a secure port number it's the only one here which is actually encrypted so it uses something called TLS or should I say secure socket layer SSL um it's a form of encryption so it uses TLS or SSL and um this is pretty much the only Port out of this lot here which is actually considered secure so if you want to go and use secure email that's the one you would go and use alternatively you folks could have also gone and used a port like 993 that's also considered a secure

20:43 encrypted Port but um all the other ports I listed here for you guys no those are not secure it's only the last one which is actually secure here so that's a very quick questions some of them are going to go very quick some of them are going to take quite a while to explain like you guys solved the previous three questions moving on to question five you have two internet links at your office that share the load and you also have a web application with poor performance which of the following tools can you use to determine which link is being used for web application all right so we want to determine which link is actually being used for a web application if you look at answer a folks what does that command do so everything I've got there if you guys are command s that you would normally go

21:29 run in command prompt good oldfashioned CMD as some of you guys know it now the First Command I've got there for you guys is Ping that's a command you would go type into command prompt to go and test remote connectivity between two machines in the old days we would say between two computers but nowadays it's not limited to computers because it can be anything for that matter so if I run that command on one computer it's going to send four packets of data very very small packets of data to a remote destination and if this communication and it's configured correctly all four packets of data will return it's going to say reply reply four times V packets will also tell you how long they have taken to reply ideally you want to see that in a couple of milliseconds but if you do get four replies but they take

22:15 long to reply that could indicate your configurations is correct but something else is wrong there's may be a lot of latency on your network for some apparent reason if you for example get replies but you don't get four replies but you only get free replies that can also indicate your configurations is correct but something else is influencing your cable perhaps that could be Emi perhaps electromagnetic interference so yeah running the Ping command can really tell you a lot about your connectivity to a Remote device but that command folks is not going to allow you to see which link is associated with a web application now if you look at the second Commander tracert a lot of people have said over the years this can be used to Trace someone yes and no it's

23:01 not the best way to go and do that so if you go and type that command into command pom followed by space followed by the IP address or the website address of the item you want to trace it's going to trace it up to a maximum of 50 Hops at least that's what they say each of these hops is apparently a router which is not entirely true it can sometimes be a firewall or something you have got to go through so the first hop would usually be your router it's got to go go through the second hop might be your isp's router and the third hop will be whatever is beyond your ISP now should you find yourself in a situation where you've got a medium to a large size company where you've got a huge firewall it's probably going to be your firewall the first hop followed by your router so one of those first two hops is going to

23:47 be your firewall um the other one's going to be your own internal router and only the third one will be your ISP so just something to keep in mind and that actually is the answer here folks Trac it can be used to determine which link is being used for a web application just in case you're wondering it's going to trace it up to a maximum of 50 hops um usually you'll see it's only going to trace up to about approximately 10 hops then it's going to tell you where your destination is so if I type and trace it and I for example type in www.google.com it's going to tell me what Google's IP address is it's going to trace it and the same can be done for lots of other things you know devices mean obviously we know it's going to work for websites and all that so you can determine what link is being used if you look at the other two commands here

24:33 which is not really got anything to do with this question ip config folks is a command you'll type into command prompt to show you a machine's most basic networking configuration so it's going to show you that machine's IP address if it has one it's going to show you it subnet mask a default gateway and that's about it it's not going to show you a lot if you were to go type ip config SL all it's going to show you the same information but much more it will also show you the physical address of that machine it's going to show you whether it's a dynamic IP or a static IP a lot more information but that's not an actual answer here I'm just putting it out there so ip config is just to show you a machine's basic netork information if you look at the last command there NS

25:18 lookup now that is used for DNS purposes folks so you can actually go and look up a DNS record so if I've got an IP address and I want to know what let's say what website this IP address belongs to I can go and use NS lookup to go and check who or what website this IP address belongs to if I have a website address but I don't have the IP address I can go and use in lookup to go and check what the IP address for a website is you can go and use it vice versa it's going to go pull the record and you can go and check information about that so mean remember what's the dns's purpose folks the dns's purpose is in a nutshell to convert IPS to name and name Stripes it's not the only thing it does it does a heck of a lot more than that but in a nutshell that's what

26:04 it does so when you go to your browser and you type in www.youtube.com your computer doesn't actually know what that is or where that is and your machine is going to contact something called the DNS the DNS will pull the record for youtube.com it's going to check what the IP address for youtube.com is it's going to tell your machine what that IP address is and your machine's going to follow that IP address address something your machine can actually understand so it converted the name to the IP address now this can be done in Reverse as well and this is done using the NS lookup tool folks so once again the answer is B trace it moving on to question six your users are being diverted to entirely different websites than what they initially typed

26:50 into the address bar of their web browsers what type of attack is this all right so looking at the first I've got for you guys here spoofing what is that spoofing folks is pretending to be something you're not so I can for example go and spoof an IP address I can go and spoof a mac address I can go and spoof a website I can go and spoof an email address a phone number there's a lot of things I can go and spoof so I'm making something look like one thing when it's actually something else so I can for example spoof your IP address and I can go and do something naughty now and when someone wants to go and investigate afterwards they're going to see your IP address there not mine or I can go and spoof your computer's MAC

27:36 address which apparently can't be changed but let me tell you you can go and change it if you know how so I can go and spoof your Mac address and I can get past things like mac filters or once again I can go and commit a crime of some kind and I can make it look like it was you I can go and spoof an email address and when you receive an email address it's going to look like it's coming from one person when in reality it's coming from me I can make it look like it's coming from your bank it's can look exactly like it's coming from your bank meanwhile it's not coming from your bank that spoofing folks very dangerous thing to go and do and you'll often find that people combine spoofing with other forms of attack like fishing now think fishing is not an answer here right now now spoofing might sound like the answer but it's not spoofing does not divert

28:22 you it just pretends to be one thing when it's actually not but it does not have the ability to actually divert you so we're still going to have to go and do some other form of attack to First divert you to my spoofed website so I can go and make a fake website I can make a fake Facebook site and that would be considered spoofing but I still need a means or a ways to get you to set fake Facebook website and that does not form part of spoofing that's going to be something entirely different so yeah now looking at the second answer here guys do that is short for denial of service so that is normally a form of attack where I or the perpetrator will deny you access to some sort of service it's normally a basic service this basic service could be your printer so you've

29:08 got a printer installed it's on it's ready it's hot to go but when you go and click on the print button nothing happens it just tells you no printers installed or literally just nothing happens and that could be a result of me turning off The Print Spooler service on your computer if you don't know what the Print Spooler service is that's a service that's running all computers regardless of whether you've got a printer or not regardless of whether it's turned on or not it's just there by default folks it's always going to be there and if you happen to actually have yourself a printer then that that service is actually going to serve some sort of purpose but if you don't it's just going to idle in a background if the Print Spooler service is not running then you won't be able to print it's essentially the queue to your printer so if you click on print whatever your printing is going to go into the Print

29:54 Spooler first which is the queue and if this printer is yours and you're the only only one using it it's going to immediately go out of the queue again but the queue still needs to be running for you to be able to print even though you're the only one in that queue now a lot of denial service attacks will turn off basic services like The Print Spooler service and when you click on print it's not going to work so I'm denying you the service of being able to print this can also potentially be me blocking you from an internal website or a public website you know or some other basic server or servers in your environment that is all an example of a denial of service attack now that's got nothing to do with this question this question is about people being diverted to different websites than what they intended to

30:39 visit denal service does not do that it's just going to block you entirely from going to our website if you folks look at the third answer there DNS poisoning now that folks is actually the answer here so if you remember what I said in the previous questions DNS its basic purpose is to convert IP to names and names to hpce so if you go to your browser right now and you go and type in youtube.com remember your machine doesn't know what that is or where that is so your machine's going to ask what it's going to ask the DNS what that is and where that is and when it asks the DNS the DNS goes and pulls the record for that respective website and when it pulls that record in the record it's going to look up the IP address for that website and it's going to give that IP

31:25 address to your machine and your machine's going going to follow that IP address and is going to get to that website now what DNS poisoning does and that's the answer here like I said someone or something went and altered one or more of your DNS records possibly all of them for all I know so when your DNS goes and pulls the record for youtube.com and it sees the IP address supposedly for youtube.com it's actually not the IP address yoube con someone or something altered these records and change the official IP addresses of those websites to an IP address of a fake website or just in general a different website so now your DNS does not know that it's giving you the wrong IP address so when I type in youtube.com

32:11 my DNS pulls the record for youtube.com it sees the IP address that it assumes is YouTube's IP address it gives that to your machine and your machine follows that route and loads that page meanwhile that page is not youtube.com it's an entirely different website it can be a fake youtube.com or it can be an entirely different website altogether that is DNS poisoning now the last answer there we know that's not the answer since I told you guys the answer is C social engineering that is tricking people into doing something so I can for example add you on a social media website like Facebook I could pretend to be your friend and after a couple of days or a couple of weeks or months of talking to you I'm going to get all kinds of sensitive information out of you that could be the answers to your

32:57 security questions perhaps I'm tricking you another form of social engineering could be maybe I am in a parking lot maybe this is the basement parking lot of a big office building and to get up in the building you need to go through Access Control doors these doors I don't know they can ask a pen a smart card a fingerprint the point is these doors are not going to open for some people that do not work in that building now I'm going to be in the basement I can't get past this door because I don't work there but I'm going to wait until I see someone else opening this door and as I see someone else opening the door I'm going to say hey he hey can you hold the door for me quick please sir and that person is going to feel inclined to hold the door open for me because that's what people do we we're going to feel like okay let me help this person out it

33:43 looks like they've got their hands full so what I can even do is I can add on to this and make sure my hands are full of something make sure I'm carrying a big box meanwhile this box is empty and you're going to see oh shuck this person's hands are full that's why they want me to hold a door open for I've just tricked you into holding the door open for me meanwhile there's nothing in the box I don't even work there I just needed you to hold the door open for me so I can get into the building so that's one example of many I can give you of social engineering folks all right moving on to question seven people which of the following Network topologies requires the most connections when being implemented now to be clear here guys what I mean by connections is the network cable between devices so a

34:30 land cable from one machine to another machine or from one switch to another switch for example that's what I mean by Connections in this question of mine so which of the following topologies do you guys think requires the most connections now these topologies is literally one of the very first things you would normally learn in a nuking course so I hope you guys know what it means otherwise you guys are going to have to go and look at this video in my video course so starting with the first answer there a bus topology that is not not the answer folks a bus topology is generally in a straight line at least the concept is in a straight line it's one connection between you know machines as you guys can see here in my diagram so I'm going to put it here on the screen for you guys there we go that is a bust apology so it's going to be minimal connections

35:16 it's there's hardly any now it's got benefits it's got drawbacks benefits is this is a very affordable um way of connecting machines it's probably one of the cheapest ones downsides is there's pretty much just downsides it's a very unreliable one so if the link goes down at one machine it's down for pretty much everybody in this thing the second one we've got here is a ring topology so devices are connected in a circular format so it might not be an actual Circle in real life it's just a concept as a circle and then generally just one machine can communicate at a time and that can be a problem so in the old days 20 30 years ago when people didn't exactly have computers and if they did they hardly ever were on any form of network back then this kind of sort of still work but nowadays with everybody

36:01 being on networks everybody being online and everybody communicating the whole time a ring topology absolutely would not work everybody needs to communicate at the exact same time so ring topology is just one work benefit very affordable downsides only one person can communicate or one device can communicate at a time and if the link goes down everybody's down once again so that is a problem uh the third topology we've got there star topology is actually the most commonly used topology till this day but it is not the answer the answer is mesh topology now start topology though that which is not the answer there's a central connected device that's normally a switch a hub a router it's most commonly going to be

36:46 something like a switch so that's a central point of failure all your devices are connected in a Star Format now in real life it's not really going to look like a star it's just the concept is a star all your devices all your laptops and desktop computers and whatnot they're all connected of their own individual cables to one Central Point which is generally going to be a switch the benefits here is it's not the most expensive Network it's also not the cheapest but it's still decently affordable and if one of these cables for one of these machines happens to go down break or whatever it's only going to affect that one computer not everybody else just that one computer which is what we want the only real point of failure here is that Central

37:31 Point of failure being the switch so God forbid if something happens to that switch in the middle everybody's going to be offline the good news is switches are very quick and easy to go and replace so you just go and unplug it plug all the cables out get another one plug it in and you can be back up and running in a matter of minutes so yes it's a point of failure but it is very quick and easy to go and fix that issue now if you look at the last one here guys mesh topology this is not something you'll just see anywhere these mesh topologies are generally only found in places where you need a very high level of redundancy in high availability so you can probably only find these in server room environments you know so in the Ser room environment you might see a

38:17 mesh topology every device is connected to every other device so if I have five devices there we go each of these five devices would have a connection to every other device so that has a lot of connections so that's why that's the answer here mean look here I've just got five devices but look at the amount of connections there folks it is crazy how many connections that is so can you imagine for a moment I had more than just five devices what if I had 20 or even a 100 devices can you imagine how many connections that would be now in case you guys didn't know there's actually a formula you can go and use to work out how many connections there is that's not really part of this specific question but I just want to show you guys that there's actually a formula you

39:02 can go and use so there is the mesh topology formula so what you guys are going to do is you're going to start off with this there we go that's what the formula looks like and you're going to replace the letter n with the amount of devices you've got so in my situation I've got how many devices five so I'm going to replace n with the number five and it's that's what's going to look like like and there you can go you can see now I'm working it out even further and there you go there's the answer 10 cables now if you look at the right hand side feel free to pause the video Even if you want to at this point in time you can go and count the amount of cables between those devices and you're going to see you're going to end up at 10 just like my formula shows so my formula got to the answer of 10 go check on the

39:48 right hand side you'll see it is 10 connections so if you have a very big environment of lots of machines of lots of connections and you want to know how many connections there is or how many you're going to need to go and do this installation this is a Formula you can go and use to work out how many cables you're going to need and that's obviously going to be able and that's obviously going to allow you to you know budget for it and plan for it and all that kinds of jazz so once again folks the answer here is mesh topology that's the one of the most connections when it comes to topologies moving on to question eight you work for a company called burning ice Tech the company is hosting a secure server on which all the connections are required to be encrypted you've been tsed to harden the server

40:34 all the answer choices below are ports that are currently open on This Server which of these ports should you close to ensure all connections are encrypted you folks will notice I also said choose all that apply so I don't want you guys to just give me one answer here I want you to choose all the ports which are encrypted that's what I need you to do so the task here is to harden the server now if you guys don't know what I mean by that that's a term we use in it when you need to make it more secure so any port that does not need to be open needs to be closed any services that does not need to run needs to be turned off anything that doesn't need to be installed needs to be uninstalled that's generally what the term hardening a server means or hardening a firewall means now in this instance I just want

41:21 you guys to make sure that all the ports we are using are encrypted and that we don't use ports that are not encrypted so looking at the six ports that I've got for you guys here down below I probably could have added more if I really wanted to but looking at these six ports which of those are encrypted now if you look at answer a that is SSH that is indeed encrypted if you look at B that is tnet now tnet and SSH is very much the same thing it is to go and remote connect to something like a router it's normally in a console view you're probably going to go and use something like py and you need to know the commands of this device that you're connecting to now the difference between SSH and tnet is tnet is in clear text I

42:07 think I might have mentioned that already in this video and SSH is encrypted so a is already one of our answers B is already one of the ones that I'm going to be ruling out 25 is SMTP so that's for the most part to send email but it is in clear text so C is also going to be rolled out so C is also going to be one of the answers I'm going to rule out here answer D Port 80 that is for HTTP hyper text transfer protocol that folks is normal clear text web browsing so that is also one that I'm going to be ruling out at the moment the only correct answer that we have is 22 looking at answer e 443 that is for

42:53 https encrypted web browsing so now we're getting s we've got two answers A and E and F folks is 587 which is also encrypted email so there we go it's answer a e and f so 22 is s that is encrypted 443 that is encrypted web browsing and F which is 587 that is encrypted email there you go question nine you are busy configuring a network at one of your customers you need to ensure there are seven usable IP addresses which of the following will allow you to best meet this requirement

43:38 now folks in the exam you're going to be required to do a little bit of sub nating I'm going to try and summarize this as much as I possibly can for you guys I want to make this as easy for you as I possibly can but I do want to point out as well that the method I'm going to show you guys now that I'm going to get to my answer is not the only way there there's many ways you guys can go and do subnetting you'll see if you go on to YouTube when you're on a search for subnetting there is so many ways to get you answer none of them are wrong they all work in the end of the day with math there's always more than one way to get you answer so I very much encourage you guys to go and look for other methods to do SUB knitting as well and to look for one that works for you um for some of you guys you might love this method and then for the next couple of guys they might not like this method so end of the

44:24 day this is just to show you guys how I got to the answer and I am trying to simplify this for people that might not be very good with math all right so the question it which of the following would allow you to Bas meet this requirement so we need to go configure our Network and we need to make sure there are seven usable IP addresses now rule of Thum is we normally don't give more IPS than what is needed and we also don't want to waste any IP addresses yep that's an actual thing folks we do not want to waste IP addresses so the less we've got a waste the better now looking at the available answers there's about six I've got for you guys there out of these six five of them are real answers and one of them is fake I threw a fake one in there just because I could why not and out of the five real ones only one of them is

45:09 actually correct all right so what I'm going to do here for you folks is I'm going to bring up a table there we go so there is my table and if you look at this table of mine I'm going to draw some lines here just to make it a little bit more clear for you guys if you look at this table starting way at the bottom with the tri2 55.0 at the bottom left that folks is a normal normal class c network if you see an tic of triple 255 in the front the first three octets that means you're dealing with class C and if the last octed is a zero you've got the full Class C to yourself all the available IP addresses now a Class C folks consists of 2056 IP addresses but in a network you

45:55 can normally not use the first IP address or the last one they are reserved for network ID broadcast address that kinds of mumbo jumbo now because there's always two IPS that's reserved in a network I added minus two there to the 256 just to remind you guys that you cannot use all of that 256 but in reality just 254 it's one network as you guys can see because you've got all of them to yourself and the side of the notation is a sl24 if you were to go up this table instead of putting a zero at the back of that subnet mask you can go put a 128 128 would divide that 256 into two so it's almost like a little pyramid theme kind of going on here you know so if you

46:41 go and put a 128 at the back you splitting that two 56 IPS into two two networks of 128 IP addresses each you can see there it is 128 IP addresses each and in each of those two networks you cannot use the first IP or the last IP address and you can see as we go up this table you're going to have more and more networks and U there's going to be less and less IP addresses available I mean if you look at the very top one for instance 64 networks each of them containing four IP addresses of which only two is usable so you can count in fours 64 times and guess where you're going to end up at 256 folks every time now looking at this table of mine we need to get seven

47:27 usable IP addresses which one do you guys think that's going to be so if we look up this table starting at the bottom you can see that's 256 IP addresses actually it's just 254 if we go up and up and up and up eventually we'll end up at well if you look at the second one from the top eight IP addresses minus two so that's just six IP addresses that's not going to work if you folks look at the third one from the top 16 IPS of which 14 are usable and out of that 14 we're only going to use seven so there's there's a waste of about seven IP addresses but that's the least amount we can waste here if I go up this table of mine we're not going to have enough IP address if you look at the second one from the top there's only going to be six IP addresses we're going to have a shortage of one if you go even

48:14 further up we can to have even bigger shortage and um if you look at anything below that 16 minus 2 you're can to have way too many IPS you're going to be wasting there so um what's going to meet our needs here best is going to be the 16- 2 in other words 14 IP addresses will be wasting only seven IP addresses now what is the subnet mask associated with that that folks will be a triple 25524 so we'll have 16 networks of 16 IPS each and on each of those Nets with 16 IPS we cannot use the first or the last one the subet mask is a255 240 and the side the notation is a28 this is a table I came up with in 2010 when I was teaching Cisco I was teaching CC a and ccnp back in the day and U at that point in time it actually

49:00 has eight columns this one only has four columns so the full table that I designed actually shows you bits borrowed and bits used and all of that not something I'm going to discuss right now at this moment but it actually does contain a lot more information than what we see here so there's a bit of a table just to show you guys how I got to my answer the subnet mask folks is going to be at 240 so if I take you guys back to the initial answers there's all the answers the answer is going to be the last one there 240 the one it says triple 255 240 so the one that was fake here in case anyone was wondering which one was the fake one is answer D there is no 200 there is no such answer folks if you folks would like to know more about subnetting or if you want to see

49:45 me going deeper into this topic I do have videos on that on my channel U networking videos where I cover sub knitting so maybe just go check out the sub knitting videos in my nwork plus series all right folks let's move on to question 10 now before I reveal question 10 is a bit of a game I like to play in some of my videos if you guys have watched my other videos you might know what game I'm talking about there's sometimes a hidden words or a hidden phrase somewhere in the video could be anywhere in the video today it's right here right now so the phrase for today is it smells like Christmas now besides dropping your normal comments in the comment section down below of your questions and all that what you can do is you can play along you don't don't have to and you can go and type either the sentence it smells like Christmas or

50:31 you can go and revamp it rephrase it in some sort of way um you know try and keep the word smell and the word Christmas but keep it nice you know keep it clean keep to stick to YouTube's rules of course and see if you can rephrase it in some sort of clever creative way you know and besides this being fun it's going to confuse anyone as just randomly scrolling through the comment section because they're going to wonder why the heck are people talking about Christmas so much or smelling like Christmas Christmas what the heck is going on and only people that's watched the video up to this exact point would know what the heck is going on so if people start talking about Christmas Christmas Christmas in the comment section then you'll know okay that's that's someone that's actually watched the video up to this point because they know what it's all about so if you would like to play with you're welcome to you don't have to you can either type the

51:16 phrase it smells like Christmas or it's beginning to smell like Christmas or you can go and rephrase in some clever creative way keeping to YouTube's rules of course so please don't go and switch keep it clean don't do anything don't say anything mean otherwise the YouTube police are going to be on our case all right folks so the phrase is it's beginning to smell like Christmas now moving on with the video question 10 you've been tossed to do a bit of a refresh of your wireless environment as you start moving and placing access points you notice there's a bit of an overlap with each other which of the channels can you select to avoid conflict with the channels overlapping now what I mean by this question guys is I'm not sure if you guys have seen this

52:03 if you've got yourself multiple routers or multiple access points in a company environment if they're close enough to one another and if they're on the same frequency they sometimes do overlap a little bit and they interfere and influence on one another that's not something we want so if you happen to have a situation like that where you've got to put access points close to each other close enough to the point where they start influencing one another what we we do in those situations is we put these access points on different channels think of it as a a walkie-talkie not sure if you guys have ever seen that so if you know what a walkie-talkie is it's normally got two knobs in the top one is for the volume and the other one is to change between channels channel one all the way to five or six sometimes and if you want to communicate with someone else on a walkie-talkie that's close by you need to be on the same channel now in this

52:50 case we don't want to be on the same channel now if I have a bunch of access points close to one another like in this specific scenario yeah they're influencing one another they're interfering with one another we need to put these access points on different channels three different channels now all of these channels except three of them do still influence one another a little bit but there's three specific channels that do not influence one another at all like 0% those three specific channels folks is Channel One Channel 6 and Channel 11 please ensure you remember that for your exam so obviously the questions in the exam are going to be phrased differently than mine because I literally suck this out of my Thum but there are multiple

53:36 questions in the exam some of them are Theory based some of them are practical based there's going to be pbqs in the exam where you're going to be required to go and choose channels because of routers or access points or whatever influencing one another and if you have that question exam you need to remember that channel 1 channel 6 and channel 11 are the only ones that don't don't influence one another if you go and choose any other free channels they are still to a certain extent going to influence one another and that's not what we want the only way you can get around that is to choose specifically 1 6 and 11 so you've got three access points you'll put the one access point on channel one the second one maybe on Channel 6 and the third one on Channel 11 all right moving on question 11 you work for a company called burning I Teck

54:24 you need to configure a server to to dish out IP addresses to devices on the network what role do you need to install and configure on the server to achieve this now looking at the first answer there guys adds that's active directory domain Services when you install that role on a server it essentially installs the active directory software as we know it which allows you or the it administrator to create user accounts and groups and stuff like that group policies it's got nothing to do with IP addresses or dishing out IP addresses answer B DHCP that is a function that's built into most routers it's turned on by default on most routers and you can also go and install it on a server as a role its purpose is indeed to dish out IP

55:09 addresses according to the range or the scope that you administrator has specified so that is the answer here folks DNS it's got so many names some people call this domain name server some people call it domain name service um it's guys it's got so many names but in a nutshell its purpose is to convert IPS to names and names to IPS we did briefly touch on this earlier in this video so no nowhere here do we mention websites or anything like that where we have to go and do name resolution none of that's mentioned here so the answer remains b d hyperv that is a feature you can go and turn on on a client operating system like Windows 10 or 11 it actually is available on Windows 8.1 as well but it's only available on Enterprise or professional

55:55 additions of these operating systems I've mentioned now it can be added as a role on a server which is generally where we actually going and use this and this role or features purpose is to allow you or the Creator to run and create virtual machines so this question mentions nothing about virtu machines it's about dishing out IP addresses and the only role or feature that achieves that is DHCP folks question 12 you need to install an nitic topology oh boy maybe I should have moved this question way back in the question pull because we literally just a couple of questions ago spoke about topologies anyway let's go let's push on through we're here anyway now so we might as well push on through you need to install antic topology that makes use of a central device with pointto Point

56:42 connections to all other devices which of the following Network topologies should you go and install if you guys paid attention to one of the previous questions where I had all the topologies never mind me explaining it I actually even showed it to you guys you would remember what the answer is so the only topology out of the four we've got in front of us guys that's got a central point is going to be the star topology the bus topology guys would remember that's all in one row ring topology is in the ring star topology is got a central device which is usually going to be a switch obviously it's not limited to a switch but it's generally going to be a switch that's the only real point of failure and then the mesh topology that's the one that's got so many connections where every device is connected to every other device all right folks so the answer here is going

57:28 to be a star topology question 13 which of the following connector types are used by Fiber Optic Cables choose all that applies so I added as many connector types as I could possibly think of right here I can actually think of another couple that I missed here so which of these are fiber connector types now I do want to point out that the fiber connectors I added here is on are actually not all the fiber connectors you get there's actually many fiber connectors guys now answer a SC yes that's a fiber connector folks answer B rj11 no that's not a fiber connector guys that is the connector that you would put on a phone cable which is also

58:14 known as a pots cable p o Ts for plane or telephone system and that cable is actually ironically also known as Category 3 cable good oldfashioned cat 3 so no that's for telephones B NC that is for Co axle cable the old Legacy cable which nobody uses anymore um answer D LC yes that is fiber guys answer e RJ45 probably one of the most common connectors on this list that is for normal Cat 5 cat 6 cat 7 and also on most ethernet cables uses RJ45 so that's land cables let's just say landan cables so that's the cable you would generally go and connect to your laptop and desktop and then the last one folks St other words straight tip that is also

59:00 fiber I'm not sure if any of you guys noticed but all the fiber ones here had just two letter abbreviations and that's just a coincidence there is other fiber connectors out there and they don't have two letter abbreviations these are the only three that's got two letter abbreviations but that's not the full name the full name is actually much longer I mean for instance if you look at answer F which is St SD stands for straight tip moving on question 14 folks which of the following is an example of an apipa IP address all right so if you guys paid attention in my video about IP addresses one of my previous videos you would know what the answer is immediately if you see this list in front of us so generally if you see an IP address it starts with 10 do something do something do something that is a private IP

59:46 address but it's also a Class A IP address it's not set in stone in real life you can go and change that IP address to be a Class B or a Class C IP address address but by default it's seen as a clause a answer B that is the

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