Brief Summary
This video provides a detailed summary of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment." It covers the novel's origins, the author's motivations, and a chapter-by-chapter breakdown of the plot, focusing on the psychological and moral struggles of the protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, after he commits a crime.
- The novel was first published in 1866 in a literary magazine called "The Russian Messenger" in twelve parts.
- Dostoevsky conceived the idea for "Crime and Punishment" in the summer of 1865, a time when he was struggling financially and emotionally.
- The story revolves around Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished former student in St. Petersburg, who plans to murder a pawnbroker to alleviate his poverty and prove his extraordinary nature.
क्राइम एंड पनिशमेंट
"Crime and Punishment" was initially published in 1866 in "The Russian Messenger" and later as a book. It marked Dostoevsky's return after his time in Siberia and is considered the first great novel of his mature period. The story centers on Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a poor ex-student living in St. Petersburg, grappling with mental distress and moral dilemmas. He devises a plan to murder a despised pawnbroker to steal her money and escape poverty, believing he will rid the world of a wicked and useless person. Raskolnikov aspires to become an extraordinary individual, like Napoleon, and believes that murder is justifiable for a higher purpose.
अपराध और दंड।
Dostoevsky conceived the idea for "Crime and Punishment" in the summer of 1865, a time when he was struggling financially and emotionally. He had lost most of his savings through gambling and was unable to pay his bills or afford food. He was heavily in debt and supporting his brother Mikhail's family, who had died in 1864. Initially, the project was titled "The Drunkards" and focused on the problem of alcohol addiction. However, as Dostoevsky developed the character of Raskolnikov and his crime, he drew inspiration from the story of Pierre François Lacenaire. The theme of alcohol later shifted to the story of the Marmeladov family.
क्राइम एंड पनिशमेंट पहली बार 1866 में द
Dostoevsky initially considered his story a short one, not a novel. He offered it to Mikhail Katkov, the publisher of "The Russian Messenger," a prominent magazine of the time that featured works by renowned authors such as Ivan Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy. In a letter to Katkov in September 1865, Dostoevsky described the story as being about a young man who succumbs to strange, incomplete, and floating ideologies. Dostoevsky aimed to depict the moral and psychological dangers of the radical ideas emerging in society through this novel.
रशियन मैसेंजर नाम की साहित्यिक पत्रिका
In letters written in November 1865, Dostoevsky decided to transform the story into a novel. Time was short, so Dostoevsky had to work quickly to complete both "The Gambler" and "Crime and Punishment." During this difficult time, he received significant assistance from Anna Snitkina, a stenographer who later became his second wife. The first part of the novel was published in January 1866 in "The Russian Messenger," and the final part was published in December 1866.
में 12 हिस्सों में छपी थी। उसी साल यह एक
The first part of the novel became very popular upon publication. One critic wrote that the novel would be one of the author's most important works. Author Nikolai Strakhov recalled that in 1866, "Crime and Punishment" was the most famous book in Russia. The video then transitions to a line-by-line analysis of the book, starting with the opening scene.
किताब के रूप में भी छपी।
The video begins its analysis of "Crime and Punishment" with the opening scene, describing a hot evening in early July. A young man emerges from his small room, walking slowly as if deep in thought, heading towards K Bridge. He avoids meeting his landlady on the stairs, as his room is at the top, more like a closet than a room. The landlady lives downstairs, providing him with room, food, and other necessities.
साइबेरिया से लौटने के बाद यह दोस्तवकी का
Whenever he goes out, he has to pass by the landlady's kitchen, the door of which is always open. Each time he passes, he feels a strange fear and shame, his heart pounding. He is heavily indebted to the landlady and fears meeting her. This fear is not due to cowardice, but because he has become very troubled and irritable. He has become so isolated that he now fears meeting anyone, not just the landlady.
दूसरा बड़ा उपन्यास था और इसे उनके
Poverty has weighed him down, but now his anxiety bothers him more. He has abandoned everyday necessities and has no interest in them. He no longer fears the landlady, no matter what she does. However, he cannot bear to be stopped on the stairs and listen to her meaningless talk, demands for money, complaints, and lies. Therefore, he descends the stairs slowly, like a cat, and slips out unnoticed.
परिपक्व दौर का पहला महान उपन्यास माना
As he steps onto the street, his fear intensifies. He reflects on the magnitude of the act he is contemplating and how he is daunted by small matters. He acknowledges that everything is in a man's hands, but fear can make him abandon everything. He wonders what a man fears most, concluding it is taking a new step or saying something new. He admits to talking too much, which may be why he does nothing. He has become skilled at talking in the past month, lying in his room and thinking like Jack the Joint Killer. He questions why he is going there now, doubting his ability to carry out his plan, dismissing it as a joke or a toy to amuse himself.
जाता है।
The street is very hot, with no wind. The crowd, dust, bricks, and soil are all scattered about. It is the distinctive St. Petersburg stench that afflicts every man who cannot leave the city in the summer. All of this further unsettles the boy's troubled mind. The smells from the liquor stores, which are abundant in the area, and the drunken people he repeatedly sees, even though it is a workday, worsen his condition.
इस उपन्यास की कहानी रोडियन रोमानोविच रास
A deep hatred is reflected on his handsome face. He was very handsome, tall, thin, and well-built, with large, dark eyes and deep brown hair. After a while, he becomes deeply absorbed in thought, or rather, his mind becomes completely empty. He continues walking, indifferent to his surroundings. He sometimes mutters, a habit he has developed of talking to himself. At times, he feels that the thoughts in his mind have become entangled and that he is very weak. He has not eaten properly for two days.
कोलनिको नाम के एक गरीब पूर्व छात्र के
The boy wears such tattered and old clothes that even those accustomed to poverty would be ashamed to go out in such attire. However, in this area, no one is surprised by anyone's clothes. There is a horse market, dens of ill repute, shopkeepers, laborers, and all sorts of people on the streets. No one cares if someone wears strange clothes.
आसपास घूमती है। वह सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग में
But the young man's heart is filled with anger and pettiness. Therefore, he has no concern for his youthful grace or tattered clothes. However, he dislikes meeting acquaintances or old companions. He never liked meeting such people. Then, suddenly, a drunken man being taken somewhere in a large carriage with heavy horses shouts loudly, "Hey, German hat!" and points at him.
रहता है और मानसिक परेशानी और नैतिक
The boy stops abruptly and nervously grabs his hat. He has a long, round hat on his head, a Zimmer hat, but very old, tattered, dirty, without edges, and crooked on one side. He is not ashamed, but some other strange fear settles in his heart. "I knew it. I thought this was the worst. Even a small foolishness can ruin the whole plan. Yes, my hat is very strange. It looks very odd. That's why everyone notices it. With these tattered clothes, I should have worn an old hat, not this strange thing. No one wears such a hat. Everyone will recognize it from afar. The most important thing is that people will remember it. It will become evidence. In such a task, one should not be noticed at all. Small things are the biggest. Yes, such small things ruin everything."
उलझनों में फंसा रहता है। राजकोलनी को एक
He did not have to go far. He knew that it was exactly 730 steps from his house gate to here. He had counted these steps once in a dream. At that time, he did not trust those dreams. He was just tormenting himself with scary and daring thoughts. Now, a month later, his thinking had changed, and while laughing at himself, he began to think of making that scary dream come true, although he could not quite understand it himself.
चाल बनाता है और एक नफरत की जाने वाली
Now, he was really going to rehearse his plan, and with every step, his fear and anxiety increased. With a sinking heart and trembling body, he reached a large house. On one side, the house faced the canal; on the other side, it faced the street. In this house, small rooms were rented out, and many kinds of people lived here: tailors, blacksmiths, cooks, Germans, poor girls, small clerks, etc.
सूदखोर बूढ़ी औरत की हत्या करने की योजना
There was always a lot of traffic here. There were two gates, two courtyards, and three or four gatekeepers. The boy was happy that he did not see any gatekeepers. He quietly went inside through the right-hand door and climbed the stairs. This was the back staircase, dark and narrow, but he knew it. He liked this darkness. In such a place, no one could recognize faces.
बनाता है ताकि उसके पैसे लेकर अपनी गरीबी
"If I am so afraid now, what will happen when I really have to do all this?" he was thinking when he reached the fourth floor. There, some laborers were blocking the way. They were taking goods out of a house. He knew that a German clerk lived there with his family. Now he was going to Germany. That meant only the old woman would be left on the fourth floor. "That's good," he thought and rang the bell of the old woman's house.
दूर कर सके।
The bell rang very softly, like a tin bell, not a copper one. The bells in such houses always ring like that. He had forgotten the sound of the bell. Now, hearing its strange sound, he remembered something. He was startled. His mind was very frightened. After a while, the door opened slightly. The old woman looked out from the small opening in the door with suspicious eyes. In the darkness, her small eyes were shining. But seeing many people outside, she mustered courage and opened the door completely.
वह यह भी सोचता है कि इस तरह वह दुनिया
The young boy went inside. There was a small, dark passage that was separate from the kitchen. The old woman stood in front of him, silently looking at him with questioning eyes. She was an old and very dry woman, about 60 years old. Her eyes looked sharp and evil. Her nose was also very sharp. Her hair was colorless, white, and stuck with oil. She had nothing tied on her head.
में एक बुरी और बेकार इंसान को हटा देगा।
She had a dirty cloth tied around her thin, long neck, and even in such heat, she had an old, yellow fur cap on her shoulders. She coughed and groaned every time. The young boy was looking at her in a strange way. Perhaps that was why suspicion came back into the old woman's eyes.
रसकोल निको चाहता है कि वह एक असाधारण
"Raskolnikov, I am a student. I came a month ago," the boy said quickly, speaking softly, and bowed slightly. He remembered that he should be more humble. "I remember, son. I remember well. You came here," the old woman said clearly, but her suspicious eyes were on his face.
इंसान बने। जैसे नेपोलियन।
"And I have come again for the same work," Raskolnikov said, hesitating slightly and startled by the old woman's suspicious gaze. "Perhaps she is always like this. I just didn't notice it before," he thought to himself. The old woman paused for a moment, as if thinking. Then she stepped aside and pointed towards the door of the room, saying, "Come in, son."
वह मानता है कि किसी ऊंचे मकसद के लिए
It was a small room where the young boy went. The walls were covered with yellow paper. There were flowers and white curtains in the window. At that time, there was bright light from the setting sun in the room. "So, the sun will shine like this on that day too," this thought suddenly came into Raskolnikov's mind. He quickly looked around the entire room, trying to remember everything, but there was nothing special in the room.
हत्या करना सही है।
All the furniture was very old and made of yellow wood. There was a sofa with a large, crooked piece of wood behind it. In front of the sofa was a round table. Between the windows was a dressing table with a mirror. Chairs were placed along the wall. There were two or three old pictures in yellow frames, showing German girls holding birds. That was all.
दोस्तों विस्की ने अपराध और दंड का विचार
In one corner, a small lamp was burning in front of a small picture of God. Everything was very clean. The floor and furniture were shining. "All this is Lizaveta's work," the boy thought. There was no dust anywhere in the whole house. "Only in the houses of such old women is there so much cleanliness," Raskolnikov thought and looked once more towards the curtain that hung on the door of the other small room. In that room were the old woman's bed and wardrobe. He had never been there before.
1865 की गर्मियों में सोचा था। तब तक
"What do you want?" the old woman asked in a stern voice. She came into the room and stood in front of him again in the same way, so that she could look straight into his face. "I have brought something to pawn," he took out an old, flat silver watch from his pocket. There was a globe on the back. The chain was made of iron.
उन्होंने अपनी ज्यादातर जमा पूंजी जुए में
"The time for your last item has expired. The month was completed the day before yesterday." "I will bring the interest for the next month. Wait a little." "That is my right, son. I can wait or sell your item right now." "How much money will you give for this watch? Alyona Ivanovna."
हार दी थी और वे अपने बिल तक नहीं चुका पा
"You bring such small items, son. It doesn't have much value. Last time, I gave you two rubles for your ring, and that same ring is available for one and a half rubles in the new store." "Give me four rubles, madam. I will redeem it. It was my father's. I will be getting some money soon."
रहे थे। खाने को भी पैसे नहीं थे। उस समय
"One and a half rubles, and I will deduct the interest right now, if you want." "Only one and a half rubles?" "It's up to you," the old woman returned the watch to him. The boy took the watch. He was so angry that he would have left. But he stopped himself. He remembered that he had nowhere else to go and that he had come here for another reason.
वह बहुत कर्ज में डूबे थे और अपने भाई
"Alright, take it," he said roughly. The old woman put her hand in her pocket, took out a bunch of keys, and went into the other room behind the curtain. The boy stood alone in the room, listening and thinking carefully. He heard her opening the wardrobe. "Perhaps it is the top drawer," he thought. "She always keeps the keys in her right pocket. All the keys are in one bunch, and one key in it is the largest of all, with a deep cut. It cannot be for the wardrobe, so it must be for some other chest or safe. It is good to know. Safe keys are always like that. But how vile all this is."
मििखाइल के परिवार की मदद भी कर रहे थे जो
The old woman returned. "Here, son. We calculate 10 kopecks per ruble per month. So, for one and a half rubles, 15 kopecks will be deducted right now. And for the two rubles I gave you earlier, 20 kopecks interest will be deducted right now. All together, 35 kopecks, so I can only give you one ruble and 15 kopecks for the watch. Here you go." "What? Only one ruble and 15 kopecks?" "Yes, just that much."
1864 में मर गए थे। शुरू में इस प्रोजेक्ट
The boy took the money without arguing. He kept looking at the old woman. There was no hurry to leave, as if he had something else to say or do, but he himself did not quite know what. "I will bring something else in two or three days, Alyona Ivanovna, a very precious silver cigarette box, as soon as it is returned by a friend." He stopped speaking.
का नाम द ड्रंकर्ड्स रखा गया था और यह
"Alright, son. We will talk then. Goodbye. Do you always live alone in the house? Doesn't your sister live with you?" he asked as if without meaning to. "What is it to you, son?" "No, I was just asking. You get angry very quickly. Alright, goodbye, Alyona Ivanovna."
शराब की लत की समस्या पर आधारित थी।
As Raskolnikov went out, his mind was completely confused. This confusion increased further. As he was descending the stairs, he stopped two or three times as if he had suddenly been struck by a thought. Coming out onto the street, he said softly, "Oh God, how filthy all this is. What? Can I? Can I really do this? No, this is all nonsense. It is useless," he said loudly.
लेकिन जब दोस्त वस्की ने रासोल निको और
"How can such filthy thoughts come into my mind? How can my heart think such filthy things? Yes, very filthy, very vile, very bad. And for the whole month, I have been..." But no word or sound could express the state of his mind. The deep disgust and anxiety that weighed on his heart when going to the old woman's house had become even more intense.
उसके अपराध का किरदार गढ़ा तो उन्हें
He could not understand how he could escape from himself. He was walking on the street as if he were drunk, bumping into people without seeing them, and only came to his senses when he reached the next street. Looking around, he found that he was standing near a liquor store, which had stairs leading down to it. At that moment, two drunken men came out, supporting each other and babbling as they climbed up.
पीियर फ्रांस व लाकनेयर की कहानी से भी
Without thinking, Raskolnikov immediately went down the stairs and stepped into the liquor store. Until now, he had never gone into a liquor store. But now his head was spinning, and his throat was very dry. He had a great desire to drink cold beer, and he attributed his weakness to hunger.
प्रेरणा मिली। शराब वाला विषय बाद में
He sat down at a dirty, slippery table, ordered a glass of beer, and quickly drank it all. He immediately felt a little relief. Now the thoughts in his mind began to clear up. "All this is useless," he said hopefully, "There is nothing to worry about. It is just physical weakness. Just a glass of beer, a little dry bread, and the mind will be sharp again, the thoughts clear, and the courage restored. Ugh! How small and useless all this is."
मारमिलादू परिवार की कहानी में
But even as he thought this, he was now feeling lighter, as if a burden had suddenly been lifted from his head. He was looking at the people sitting in the room, laughing. But somewhere in his heart, he also knew that this happiness was not real. There were not many people in the liquor store at that time. Besides the two drunken men who had met him on the stairs, about five men and a girl with a banjo had just gone out.
चला गया।
After they left, the room became quiet and empty. Now there was a man who seemed to be a worker, a little drunk, but not much, sitting in front of his beer mug. His companion was a large, heavy man with a white beard, wearing a short coat. He was very drunk and had fallen asleep on the bench. Sometimes, while sleeping, he would stretch out his hands, crack his fingers, and shake his upper body, humming some meaningless song.
दोस्तवस्की ने अपनी यह कहानी तब तक वे इसे
"Loved my wife for a year. Loved my wife for a year," or "Sometimes I suddenly wake up. Met that old acquaintance while walking on the crowded street." But no one was happy with his words. His silent companion was looking at him with anger and suspicion. There was another man who looked like a retired clerk, sitting on one side, sometimes taking a sip from his mug and looking at people. He also seemed troubled inside.
उपन्यास नहीं बल्कि एक छोटी कहानी मान रहे
Raskolnikov was not accustomed to being in crowds, and as mentioned earlier, he stayed away from any kind of company, especially these days. But now, suddenly, he felt like sitting with people. Something new was going on inside him, and he felt a thirst for companionship. After spending a whole month alone in sorrow and fear, he was so tired that now he needed rest in any world, even if only for a moment. And despite the surrounding filth, he was happy sitting in the liquor store.
थे।
The owner of the store was in the other room, but he repeatedly came down the stairs into the main room. Each time, his shiny black leather shoes with red edges were the first to be seen. Above them was a full coat and a very dirty black basket. There was no cloth around his neck, and his face was also shining with oil. At the counter stood a boy of about 14 years, and another small boy who brought the goods.
तो दोस्तों वस्की ने अपनी यह कहानी
On the counter were cut cucumbers, pieces of dry black bread, and pieces of fish. Everything smelled very bad. There was a lot of suffocation. The smell of liquor was so strong that anyone would get drunk in 5 minutes. Sometimes some strangers meet who become interesting without even speaking. Raskolnikov also had such a feeling when he saw the man sitting a little far away, who looked like a retired clerk.
प्रकाशक मिखाइल कटकोव को ऑफर की। कटकोव की
Later, Raskolnikov remembered this as if it were a sign. He was repeatedly looking at that clerk, perhaps also because he was staring at him as if looking for a chance to talk. He was looking at the rest of the people, even the owner of the store, as if he were tired of them and as if they were all inferior to him. There was no point in talking to them. That's what his face seemed to say.
मासिक पत्रिका द रशियन मैसेंजर अपने समय
He was over 50 years old, bald, with white hair, of average height, and heavy build. His face was swollen from drinking, his color was yellowish-green, and red eyes were peeking out from under swollen eyelids. But there was a strange spark in his eyes, as if there were many emotions inside him, perhaps even some understanding, but also a slight glimpse of madness. He was wearing a very old, tattered black coat with only one button left, and he was keeping it closed as if to preserve the last vestige of dignity.
की बहुत फेमस पत्रिका थी। इसमें इवान
His shirt was crumpled, torn, full of stains and spots, and sticking out from under the basket. He was a clerk, so he did not have a beard or mustache, but he had not shaved for many days. White hairs had grown on his chin. There was something clerk-like in his gait as well, but he was restless. Sometimes he would mess up his hair, sometimes he would sit with his head in his hands, his elbows resting on the table.
तुर्गनेव और लियो टॉलस्टाय जैसे बड़े
Finally, he looked straight at Raskolnikov and said in a loud, clear voice, "May I have your permission to have a little conversation with you, sir? Even though your clothes are not very good, my experience tells me that you are educated and not addicted to drinking. I have always respected education, especially when it is accompanied by a sincere heart, and I myself am a government official."
लेखकों की भी रचनाएं छपती थी।
"My name is Marmeladov. A government official? Have you ever been in government service?" "No, I am studying," the young boy said. He felt a little strange at Marmeladov's grand words and directness. He had just felt like sitting with people, but now that someone was actually talking to him, he began to feel his old fear and irritation of meeting strangers again.
सितंबर 1865 में कटको को लिखे अपने पत्र
"So you are a student, or were a student," the clerk said happily, "I recognized it correctly. I have a lot of experience, a lot of experience, sir," and he tapped his forehead with his finger, saying happily to himself. "Have you studied, or gone to any school or college? But listen," he got up, staggered, picked up his jug and glass, and sat down near Raskolnikov, leaning a little sideways.
में दोस्तों विस्की ने बताया कि यह कहानी
He was drunk, but he spoke clearly and loudly. Only sometimes his words got tangled in the middle. He pounced on Raskolnikov as if he had not had a chance to talk to anyone for months. "Sir," he began almost seriously, "Poverty is not a sin. That is true. But I also know that drinking is not a virtue. And that is an even bigger truth. But begging, sir, that is a sin. In poverty, a man can preserve his dignity, but never in begging. A beggar is driven out of society with a stick, not a broom, so that he is even more humiliated, and that is right too. Because by begging, I myself humiliate myself. That is why I am here."
एक ऐसे युवक के बारे में है जो कुछ अजीब
"Sir, a month ago, Mr. Lebezyatnikov hit my wife, and my wife is very different from me. Do you understand? May I ask, have you ever spent the night in a grass boat on the Neva River?" "No, never," Raskolnikov replied. "What do you mean?" "I am coming from there, and this is the fifth night I have been sleeping like this," he filled his glass, drank it, and stopped. There were really pieces of grass stuck in his clothes and hair.
अधूरी और हवा में तैरती विचारधाराओं के
It seemed that he had not changed his clothes or bathed for five days. His hands were very dirty, thick, red, and his nails were black. Hearing his words, everyone's attention turned to him a little. The boys standing at the counter were suppressing their laughter. The owner of the store came down from the upper room, perhaps just to listen to the funny man's words, and sat down at a nearby table, yawning but looking calm.
आगे झुक जाता है।
It seemed that Marmeladov was a well-known man here and that it was his habit to talk to any stranger like this. In some drunkards, this habit becomes a compulsion, especially when someone at home treats them harshly. Therefore, outside, they try to prove themselves right. "He is a funny man," the owner said. "Then why don't you work? Why don't you go to duty if you are in a job?"
दोस्तों वेके समाज में उभरते कट्टरपंथी
"Why don't I go to duty? Sir," Marmeladov then spoke, as if Raskolnikov had asked him. "Why don't I go to duty? Doesn't my heart ache thinking about how useless I am? A month ago, when Mr. Lebezyatnikov hit my wife, and I was drunk, didn't I feel sad? Forgive me, young man. Has it ever happened to you? I mean, that you had to ask for a loan and didn't get it."
विचारों के नैतिक और मनोवैज्ञानिक खतरों
"Yes, it has. But whom do you call completely useless?" "Completely useless means when you already know that the person in front will never give you money. Suppose there is a very respectable man, but
