GK FOR SSC EXAMS 2024 | FRB | ANIMAL TISSUE | PARMAR SSC

0:01 So hello everyone, today we are going to have lecture number three of FRB in which we are going to do animal tissues, in the first lecture we had done cell analysis, in the second lecture we had done our plant tissues and now we Animal tissues are all connected to each other, because we had read that brother, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, it is from this that your tissues are made, that is, they are made from cells only, there are two types of plants, till and till. And animals, before starting the animal tissues, there was a query from many people. Look, one query of yours has been solved, that was regarding that we have to take a print out of it, then it will be in white background, it would be better if your upload is in white background also. This is done on Parmar SSC Telegram page in which I teach you, it is also uploaded and which

0:46 is yours with white background so that if those people want to get the print out, then you can also get it taken out. Now the second main problem. That was regarding Hindi, if it is okay then see Jenan, this is the thing because I myself have studied in English medium, so I try, it is okay that I explain the terms in Hindi, but yes, I accept this thing, at some places I I keep forgetting to tell, okay, first of all, secondly, if this mind map can be completed in Hindi, then I am definitely trying my best to get it completely translated in Hindi and give it to you, then you can have the athlete in front of you. You can do the class by keeping a mind map, brother, I try to explain the terms in Hindi but if I accidentally miss any place then you can supplement it with the mind map by saying that . I am also working now and you will get that soon, cooperate a little,

1:32 rest let's start now brother tissue, we should know what is tissue, the cells are of different types when they meet each other, specialized cells. When it gets it, it turns it into tissue, that is, it turns it into tissue. Now in the last lecture, we had read about plant tissue and here we are going to study about animal tissue, plant tissue and animal tissue. I told you the main difference in the tissue one itself. Well, tell me, what is the study of tissue called? Study, here I will write one second, what is the study of tissue called, that is, what is the study of tissue called? So keep in mind that the way we read, the study of cell is called cytology. Similarly, its study is called histology. Okay, study of tissues. Let's start with the beginning. Now there are many types of animal tissues.

2:17 Here you can see. Okay, Epithelium is muscular connective. So these are the four important types of animal tissues, that is, animals. Let's look at them one by one, like this is epithelial tissue, we call it epithelial, okay, this is nervous tissue, we call it nerve, muscular tissue, we call it muscular and connective tissue, we call it connective tissue. Okay, first of all we come to the epithelial tissues which we call epithelial tissues. Now these also have many types of their own. Its squamous which we call squamous tissues. Can say Cubo Idol. Cubo Idol means that the cube has become cubic. Okay, the cuboid which has become up to that point has become columnar

3:03 shaped, that is, we will see now that it is like a column, it has a structure like a pillar, hence it is called The columnist says and what happens to you is that you have hair like structures in it. Okay, so let's come to the epithelial tissue. If we talk about epithelial, then these are the covering and protective tissue. Of the animal body, it does the covering. Now you should not focus too much on it. Actually, no MCQ is made from this. The main MCQ is made from the fact that brother, its types are simple and simple, where is its location and its function. It is much more important that where is its location, that becomes your question. Here, brother, there are two types of squamous, simple and stratified, these are extremely thin, flat, regular, irregularly shaped, that is, some are fixed. There is no shape,

3:49 you have to remember that brother, even if it is of this shape, we will see it, I will show you the structure, but first of all, what is the difference between simple and stratified, see, there is epithelium, it is covering, it is combing, it is protecting. Now those are simple, these are single layer cells, you remember when I told you about epidermis in the last lecture, plant tissue So, what was epidermis? Epiderm was made up of cells and epidermis cells which are through out the body of the plant, would be in the stem too, would be in the roots too, in this way, hair like structures were coming out in the roots, they were called cilia. There were and there we will see, in the same way now we will also have ciliated hair like structures, so what was that was the outer covering, okay and it was a single layered cell, similarly, squaw which is simple tissue, that is, the simple scaly tissue in it. Single layer cells are completely flattened, they are flat,

4:37 how are they flat, their nucleus is also flat, they form the delicate lining, where there is a very soft soft lining, where there is a very soft soft, now let's show it, see. You must be seeing this that it is a simple smudge, you are seeing that it is very flat, its nucleus is also so flat, now it will just come down on the stratified surface, now think for yourself, these make delicate lining, delicate lining, delicate means very soft, very soft, very soft. Where will this soft mouth be like? Esophagus is where the mouth will be, which has become the inner lining of the mouth. Once in CDS, he had asked such a question that brother, if we assume that there is a person, he has met with an accident, it is okay, his mouth and Meaning, his mouth and esophagus have been destroyed, so tell us which type of tissues have reached him. So there you had to do a simple test. Epithelium tissues are clear, so where there is delicate lining, there

5:23 is very soft lining, there you will see mouth and esophagus. In the inner lining of the stomach, that is, what is this esophagus? For those who do not know now, there is a food pipe. It is true that when we put food in our mouth, we keep the food in the mouth and then when we swallow it, it goes straight into the stomach. When it reaches, it reaches the stomach. Who is it? So, the one who is connecting the mouth and the stomach is sofac. Okay, what is stratified? Now stratified sir is the one which is in the covering of our entire skin. It is in the covering of the entire skin itself. Imagine, if we keep it simple in the skin covering, we keep it simple, it is just a single layer, it is just a single layer, it is so flat, it is as if someone has slapped you so many times, if it was simple then it would have turned black immediately. Immediately all the cells would have died and would have turned black or blue but why it did not turn black because you

6:09 can see so many of them lining up our simple lines when in the form of strata the meaning of strata is layers sedimentary rock. You will see, it is in the form of layers, it is in the form of strata, that is where the name Sedimentary comes from, so whatever it is, it is in the form of layers, it is such a terrible layer, so now your teacher slapped you, it is not able to reach inside, right. That's why how much you will destroy, you will destroy one layer cell, you will not destroy everyone a little, right? I am talking to the teacher who is beating you. Okay, so simple sms and static sms, you understood, coming now. Now on Cubo Idol, the Cubo Idols are in the form of cubes, but before reading the Cubo Idols, why not read the Columnar because you will understand a little better. Look, the Columnar ones are in the form of columns, that is why they are called Columnists

6:57 are called columns, that is, their length is more or their height is more. As compared to their width, they are in the form of a column, that is why they are called columnists. What is their main work? Or are they present there? Where there is absorption i.e. what we can say is absorption, there is absorption and secretion i.e. secretion, there is absorption and where there is secretion, there your columnar is present like in the intestine . Now we will know this thing further when we will read the entire digestive process that there are small hair like projections in the intestine, they are called villi, they absorb the food, the intestine is stomach, the gall batter which is developed in absorption and secretion is called columnar. There you will get to see columnar epithelial tissue. This is

7:45 simple columnar. This is simple columnar. Now in this columnar, if I remove the hair like structure here in this way, this will become ciliated columnar or ciliated epithelium tissue. So columnar is an extended form of seated in which the meaning of cilia is hair like structure. Whenever you say hair, someone says hair to you, you say hair, you say cilia, it is okay, whenever you say, go to now, say cilia, cut the cilia, it is okay. so meaning Cilia should be so embedded in your mind that the meaning of cilia is hair like structure. Similarly, there was epithelium in the roots. Similar hair like structures were there in the epithelium that were there in the roots. And these were increasing the surface area for the water absorption. Now let's come to the matter. Look, you have seen the columnar. Okay, you have

8:35 also seen the seated columnar. So brother, where will you see the ciliated columnar? These are what they are and they help in something. We help in making it move or help in its locomotion. Whatever thing cannot move on its own, come and move it. Come on, no one else, we will take you from here to here. Which thing can we transport? We have mucus in the nose, it is okay. And there are hair like structures in it, so the job of hair like structure is to push that mucus out like this, which is our egg which we call ovum, these which are our fallopian tube. And what it does in the ureter is that it makes the egg move, which is a hair-like structure, from here to here, from here to here, by vibrating lightly with each other, it takes the egg

9:21 to its destination. Sited like this, if you look carefully here, the ciliate have cilia which are projections on the surface which facilitates movement of mucus urine egg extra it's done it's done it's done it remains cubo idle cubo idle what is cudgel a kind of Mechanical tissue is mechanical in this sense. You can understand a little bit of mechanical. It works at the time of shock absorber. It has cube like structures. Now you have seen it here. If not, then see this. It has cube like structures. Okay, there is cube and there are sweat glands, there are savory glands, there is thyroid gland, there are kidney tubules, how to remember, look, mostly you will see glands, there are savory glands, sweat glands, there are glands, okay, in these types of glades, you will see and there is cubo. Idle Cube Cube Kidney Tubules Okay, tube and cube

10:07 are sounding a bit similar, aren't they homophones, so you will see cubol in kidney tubules also, so we have epithelium i.e. the epithelial tissue, there are also glandular epithelium which we have in the glades. These are seen but hardly anyone will ask, glandular epithelial tissue is seen at those places where some or the other enzyme is secreting, some gland like pancreas has become pancreas gland, liver has become okay, so there it is. Glandular epithelium is seen where we have some or the other gland, an important gland which is activating some or the other enzyme. We know about the liver and pancreas. It is good for the secretion of enzymes. I have not taught it yet. If you are a complete beginner then you may not know this thing but if you have read before then you will know this thing that what the liver and pancreas do in our small intestine, sorry, the small intestine,

10:53 they secrete enzymes and there is gland Epithelium will be there, which is not written here, so you can add this thing. Now come to the next page, which part is nervous, it is easy, first let's do muscular, then after that we come to nervous, okay muscular. If we do it, then what is muscular, what is its function? Brother, it was covering a path which was till the epithelium. This muscular, which is a muscle, what happens to whom, it is known that it contains a contact protein. It must have been written somewhere. It is not written here, is this actually their main function of contraction relaxation i.e. in making things move, they make things move. Sir, the same work was being done by cilia. It is similar to cilia, but cilia was someone or something which was called like this. By vibrating like this, they were moving it forward. Here, assume

11:39 that there is something, that is, they are making it move right there, I will explain to you the difference in contraction relaxation, like eating food, eating food, this sofa is food. If there is a pipe, what will it do? If it will not move back and forth, it will become completely rigid, then our food will not be able to move through the esophagus, so if it has to move, then it will have to move back and forth. Our heart is the heart. Okay, our heart is where we find cardiac cells, so our heart also has to be kept moving, our lung also has to be kept moving, just like our biceps are okay. So when we go to the gym If the biceps are fully inflated then what are you trying to move? If there is no muscular tissue there then you will not be able to move it. Okay, so this helps in contraction and relaxation to move. Keep this in mind, it is okay.

12:28 We will also read about how the calcium ions help in contraction and the magnesium ions help in relaxation, so I told you about this, but we will also read this in chemistry. Okay, calcium helps in contraction muscle and magnesium helps in relaxation. Well, we are not studying chemistry here, we are studying biology here, so we will focus on that, so these long XXXX are elongated and large in size and help in contraction relaxation. Okay, so the main one is This is the work of the muscles which are tissues that they have to make things move, that's why they get the name muscular, there are three types of them, they are skeletal, smooth and visceral and cardiac, there are three, okay

13:14 skeletal, smooth and visceral. And let's see cardiac one by one. Come here, first okay, here is the neuron. Come here, okay, these are of three types. This was called visceral, this is skeletal and this is cardiac. If we say this in Hindi then it is smooth. Your smooth muscle will say, okay, this smooth muscle will become smooth and this skeletal muscle will be typed till the skeleton, okay and this is present in our heart, you all know that cardiac means heart, okay now let's come to smooth. First of all, what question is formed in it, where is it present and what is its structure, how is it, how is it spindle shaped, I write here that the permanent spindle is spindle shaped,

14:05 look at the same skeleton and give both of them below that. Look at the one, both the cylinders are there tomorrow or not, this cylinder is also there tomorrow and this cylinder is also there tomorrow. Okay, C is cardiac and C is cylinder tomorrow. If you keep their picture in your mind then it will be easier to remember things. This one is. There is a difference between their structure piece pintle and the other two cindles. This is what is uni-nuclei or what is the meaning of unit? Is all that written in your mind map? Uni-nuclei means one nucleus, one cellular, one cellular, one in each cell. It is a cell, there is only one cell, it has only one nucleus, it is a skeletal one, exactly how many nuclei are there in it, it is multi nucleus i.e. multicellular, it is multi nuclear,

14:54 it comes in cardiac, how is cardiac, so cardiac is also your uni nucleating . It has branches, why are there branches, because the heart is involved in many things, hence it has to make branches. So clearly, now the main thing is that where are these present present, so our visceral muscles are visceral organs, meaning. The one who never gets tired, for example, let's say Iris is the smooth part of ours, the iris

15:40 where the bone cannot be seen. Everyone would know the iris in the eye or we can call it smooth, which is our ureter. Here also all your examples would be written in the same way, like this is your alimentary canal, it is written here as alimentary canal, etc. Options, soft interior organs, lung, liver, abdomen, intestine, etc. What do they say, this is your alimentary canal, so what does it do there too, it helps in the movement of food and when it will be able to help in the movement of food, when it is soft, it is okay, it is smooth or Then there is the visceral organ and that is where your smooth muscle cells will be present, so I hope it is clear to you where it is present. Talking about the skeleton, then the bicep bone. You can do it in such a way that wherever we have

16:28 limbs, there are limbs. It means where the arms and legs are, now wherever the arms and legs are, there is a bonus. Wherever you can see the bony structure, it will be called your skeletal and in the name cardiac, this cardiac means your heart, these are the cells in the heart that you will see. They are cardiac cells. Now the final thing is which of these is voluntary and which is involuntary. Now understand the meaning of voluntary involuntary. What is the meaning of voluntary in voluntary and do not say this. If you mean well then voluntary in voluntary means this, voluntary that. These are the muscles which are under our control. Okay, these are under our control. They are under our control. Now tell me, are the cardiac muscles under our control? Will the heartbeats stop due to our speaking or will they not stop? So, if we talk about the smooth muscles which are volatile, will they be

17:18 diluted by our saying, will they dilate the people or will the food we eat, which is working for our digestion, which is working for the digestion in the stomach. Is the digestion that is happening on our will, that we say, brother, do the digestion quickly, now we have to drive, so do the digestion quickly, it is not like that, it is right, he will do it as per his own, that is, how are both of them? Both of your biceps will be involuted, only when you expand them, they will expand, it is not that anything is happening on its own, okay, then you will see that this is only voluntary, rest of ours, this is only voluntary and the other two, which are of volatile nature, are also involutes. This too has ended in volition and these also come to the nerve. Nerve is the smallest and we call it even nerve. Brother, the meaning of nervous has become which is our nervous system. Now

18:06 what happens in the nervous system, what is it made of? Yours is made up of nerve cells. What type of cells is it made up of? Nerve cells but not just nerve cells. What type of nerve cell is it? It is a neuron. Nerve cell is a neuron but not just made up of neurons. Plus it is There are some other cells too, like they are also made of glia, so keep in mind that glia are more than neurons, that is why we call them neurons, neuron is like boss and glia cells are its secretaries in a way, which assist the neuron in its sense stem. Like touch, smell, test, hearing site, all these work and what do they have to do? They also send the electrical impulses. Sending the electrical impulses is also their work. This is the work of the neuron.

18:55 What is the work of the neuron? Let me. I write it here otherwise it will get erased. Is the work of neuron only? To convert chemical energy into electrical energy. To convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Now this is the structure of neuron. Understand it carefully. This raises the question. Okay, this is the structure of neuron. It is like a tree, like a tree has branches, then we call them dendrites. When we read geography, we read different types of drainage systems or if we read drainage patterns, we read dendritic densification patterns. This is its definition. Regent like a Branch of tree that means that just as hair should come as soon as you hear cilia or cilia should come as soon as you hear hair, similarly dendrites should come as soon as you hear branch. Okay, so the dendrites are your hair like structures, so this is the first part here you inside. Go ahead, here

19:41 you go inside, so this is the part that you can see, that is the cell body, that is why we also know it by the name of cytone, we also know it by the name of cytone, okay, this is the nucleus. You will get to see the gift, just assume that we have a tree, right now I told you about a tree, so it is a tree, just like a tree has branches, in this way it has become a dendrite, which is the trunk of a tree, not the trunk, you can call it Call it an agen. This is the stem of the neuron. The long shape of the neuron that you see is called its agen. What is it called its agen? Keep in mind, okay, so this is the agen. Now this is the agen in the agen. What are you seeing? Swan cell, mile mode node of no wear. What are swan cells? So, swan cells are a type of gliera neuron. Sir, the whole neuron is

20:28 inside the neuron. Do you see how many types of glial cells are there? That's why I said. The glans is more than the neuron because it is assisting the neuron. This is the assistancia . This is the assistancia of the cell. This is the secretary of the myelin cell and the gap you can see in between is the node of run wear node off. Run wear and this last is called axon terminal, like what happens in the terminal in the terminal, like the buses come and go in the terminal, then from here your electrical

21:14 impulse will jump and reach the dendrite of the other neuron because The second neuron would be attached here, not exactly adjacent, it is correct, so the word adjacent, which I said, means there is a gap between them, not adjacent, it means that both are completely jointed, there is a gap and this We call the gap as synapsis. Keep in mind that it will ask you that the gap between the agent terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is known as the psyllium neuron is also clear for us, now all the parts on the right side are covered, we should have come now. It is on the left side and there is only one connector on the left side, it looks quite big, even if it is big, no one will do it.

22:00 Connective tissue i.e. what will we call these? We will call them connective tissue. Okay, so let's come to connective tissue. First of all, we divide our areole tissue into two parts. Loose and dense. On what basis will we divide it? Sir, it can be any connective tissue. Neither will it have any matrix in it, there will be only one matrix, like understand that brother, it is milk, you also make kheer from milk, what else do you make from milk, some other things are also made from milk, like you add Kellox in milk. So, if you do that to the milk then it becomes kheer, if you add rice then what is the matrix, meaning understand that the rice is the cells and the milk is the matrix. If you are able to relate then If the matrix is ​​made of what kind of

22:46 matrix is ​​that connective tissue, it will depend on which connective tissue it is. The matrix plays a deciding role, which one is loose, its matrix which is loose, which is water like, it will be solid matrix. Or if there is a rising matrix, then you will see that bone will be formed, that is fine, you will see blood vessels around the nerves, you will see space inside the organs, that is, because it is loose, it fills the space inside the organs, just more important. It is not loose, it is not very important, do not put load on it, come on it dense, take load on it, even a little dense, there are two types of tendon and ligament, tendon is called tendon and ligament is called muscle. Okay, now what is the work? Work because brother is connective so he must be connecting. Now like if there were muscle tissues, what were they? What were they helping in movement?

23:31 What were the epithelium ones doing? They were providing covering. What are they doing? What are they doing? By connecting. If there are tendons and ligaments connecting whom to whom, then let us now show whom they are connecting to whom. Come here and look at this, here you can see that the ligament is connecting whom to whom, it is bone to bone. What is the ligament and the tendon connecting to ? What is it connecting the muscle to? What is it connecting the muscle to the bone? It is the work of the tendon to connect the muscle to the bone and whose work is it to connect the bone to the bone. Let me remind you about the ligament, many of you will also remember M.T.B. We have done one MTV, but we still don't know whether we are able to do it or not. Okay, our favorite Sunny Deval ji used to come in this, so MTV, which is MTV. I used to do this in which toss was given to the people,

24:20 but what was the meaning of the toss? If the focus was somewhere else, then MTV, what you have to do in MTV is to remove V and what else to do is to add Pay B here. So this is the tendon which is joining the muscle to the bone, then this is your ligament which is going to join the bone to the bone, this much is clear and that is fine for now, this much will be seen later. Cartilage etc., what does it do to the surface of the bone, smoothens the joints of the bone, okay, like what will this also be of us, this will also be our ligament, why because it is connecting the bone to the bone, simple clear, so much, so much, if it is clear. So then let's move ahead, okay what does it connect to and it just remember that it connects to this, now let's come to your adipose tissue, there is adipose tissue on your adipose tissue, it is made up of adipose tissue,

25:09 adipose tissue is very important, it is round and Oval contains large fat droplets below the skin. It provides insulation from mechanical shock. Your skin will not be thin. You may be called thick. No matter what you call it, it does not matter what thick skin means . It is full of epithelial tissue, this means that sir, just now you were telling that it is stratified in the skin, you were telling exactly what stratified is doing, it is providing layering, okay, this is your skin, this is yours. Organs: In the middle of this, your organs like suppose you have been punched by a female teacher, if she slaps you and if you do not turn black then it is stateful and she punches your anus, who is that male teacher, then this is your internal. If the organs do not get affected, it prevents you from shock.

25:57 Who are you? This is the ATP tissue, so say thanks to it. It prevents you from getting punched in the anus and it is fine from slapping you. So it prevents you from mechanical shock. This is what insulation means. You might have noticed that in summer, people with thick skin are a little fat, so in winter they do not feel much like wearing winter uniforms and in summer they start sweating completely because of the heat inside them. It does not go out, it is necessary that it does not go out, that is why it is atpos tissue, but if the skin is too thick, then there is no heat at all, that means very little heat will go out, it is okay, it is clear, atpos is clear, you should now come to the skeleton on the skeleton. Cartilage and Bone are of two types: Cartilage and Bone, its matrix is ​​very rigid, it is also solid but not as tough as bone,

26:43 so the only difference is that of the matrix, sir, its jelly like matrix will be round. And these are the adipose sites which are the adipose sites. These are the round and oval types. What are the adipose cartilages? What are the bonuses? So bonus, everyone knows what are the cartilages. They are flexible, wide spaced out present in your pinna. Nose tip track or rings, it is very easy, you just touch the tip of your nose, touch the ear, what is the pinna, this is the pinna where the earring is worn, okay then if you look at the entire ear, then there you will see what track, this cartilage. Trachea in Lyrics Now let us show you where to see Trachea in Lyrics, although we will see the respiratory system there also, when you read it, you can see that this is the entire trachea and the upper part of it, trachea, is called Laris, so these lines You can see these lines, these are called rings of

27:30 cartilage, now as I breathed, now this cartilage is no longer visible, it has stuck, it has stuck, this ring has been tried, it is over, it is okay, so what if this does not happen? What is your rings of cartilage here? You will see rings of cartilage all over. The cartilage that is towards the bone is neither hard nor soft like the skin. You will know it as if you were bending your ear. Teacher, the ear is not twisted like this, brother, the ear is broken or the ear is in the same place, now it is not coming back to its original place, then this is your cartilage, what is it called in Hindi, cartilage is called cartilage, so where is it? It is present, it is important, let's come to the bone now. Its matrix is ​​very hard. Why is its matrix hard? Because its matrix is ​​made of calcium and phosphorus. Is its matrix made of calcium and phosphorus? That is why it is very hard.

28:20 It is difficult, many people say, Sir, please provide it along with what you have written. Look, you should do something yourself also. I think it is okay if you are getting a print out of it. If it is okay, then add a little to it. You can do it as per your convenience, if we ask, we can get it delivered at home. If we talk about the bonus, then it is quite strong, non-flexible, hard and stays supports the body and provides shape. Now the bonus which is there is not this. So I will discuss this separately when we do that one shot, then I will tell you this thing, okay, our entire skeletal system is divided into what and what is the pelvic bone, what is the pelvic bone, everything is fine. But it is not that important, that is why I have not included it here. So, it supports the body. Now, for example, suppose someone punched you in the chest. It is okay in the chest. If you suppose someone punched you, your teacher is the one who Our important liver has gone down,

29:08 the liver has gone down a bit, the lungs have gone down, yes, the heart has gone down, so if even a slight injury occurs, it can stop functioning, so the entire skeletal system is fine. Now the entire skeletal system is formed, isn't it? This is how we have it. This is how our entire rib cage is formed, where the heart is inside, where the lungs are inside, isn't it? The entire rib cage is formed. Bonus. So the job of bone is to protect these things, white passion, like now bone is not only there, it is also in our head, bonus, we will see cranial bonus, facial bonus, okay, facial is in the face, cranial is in your head, above. If it happens then when we read the brain topic, we will see there that the work of bones is to protect all our vital organs, now there are bonuses, what questions arise from this, who is the strongest and the longest? Which is fine

29:55 and here you will be able to see that it is bone, it is fine bone is cartilage, so what questions can be made in bone, how much is the total bonus, then the question becomes which is the longest, which is the longest bone? Which one is the shortest? Which one is the most powerful? Or what can we call it the strongest? Well, which one is the strongest bone? So if we talk about total then look at the total children. It is 300 in children and adults, it is 206, in those who are more adults, it is also 207. Okay, sometimes if we talk about the longest, then which is the longest, which is the femur, which is You will see it in the thighs, the shortest is the stapes in the thigh, which is seen in the ear, there are three bonuses, the malleus incus stapes in our ear, out of which the stapes is your

30:43 smallest and if we talk about the strongest, then it is the jaw bone. The jaw bone is your strongest, so you have to remember this. Regarding the bone and the study of bone, what is called osteology ? Rest, when we will read a little about the skeletal system, then I will tell you which hand is in the heart. What are all the other things in the brain, so we will cover the bones which are there, so here you can see the bone, okay, the bone has its structure, here there is the bone marrow and in this bone marrow we We will see that in a way, what is our blood, what is blood, what is blood, is made of cartilage, the known function of cartilage is also that what is this bone, it also smoothens the surface of the joints of the bone. It has a function, it is clear, it also has the function of smoothening the cartilage, so we have read about this,

31:29 the skeletal one too, now let's come to the fluid connective tissue. The last type is our fluid connective tissue. Two things have to be read, blood and lymph. When we come, first of all what is the study of blood? What is the study of blood? The study of blood is called hematology. Right now I am not asking you a question. Okay, I will ask you one question at the end. So, it is called hematology. Patol ji. And if there is a study of liver, then when we come to blood, there are two components of blood, liquid and solid and blood. Now here we have not studied blood group and all these things like blood circulation. When we will study blood circulation, heart etc., then there I will tell you about blood. I will teach groups etc., that Carl Line stunner and that ABO, all this is fine, now you have to focus only on the components of blood, there are two components, one is liquid and one is solid, whatever is liquid is yours

32:15 in it. Plasma is a liquid. If you look at it, there are two components - liquid and soli. The liquid component is made of plasma. Plasma itself is 92% water, that is, the main part is water in it and the remaining % is hormone, protein and salt. You will see a slimy colored fluid. You might have seen that there was a lot of demand for it at the time of Covid. If we talk about solid components, there will be three components: RBC, WBC and platelets. What is the main function of RBC? So RBCs which are red are red blood cells i.e. red. Blood cells are red due to hemoglobin which here contains a compound called heme which has a very high affinity for oxygen. Very high affinity for oxygen means that it loves oxygen very much. It sees oxygen, immediately takes it into the skull and delivers it

33:02 where there are mitochondria in every cell, because of the mitochondria there, respiration will take place there and your energy will be generated. Just tell me, what is the energy currency of the cell? It transports you. Now I have told Oxygen how these are by concave and disc shaped, that is, assume that you take a pill, it is okay, take any tablet, press it from the middle, then the shape will come out. Neither will it be bi-concave or disc shaped. It is disc shaped. It has bi-concave shape. It has a writer and a writer BC and throw sites. Its life span is 120 days and when it ends, it dies. If yes, then it goes into the spleen, which is known as Spleen Ha. What is Spleen Ha called in Hindi, that is why it is called the grave yard i.e. the grave of RBC.

33:48 The spleen is fine, it has a time period of 120 days, it comes right away. On WBC , on white blood cells, it prevents us from infection, like if any harmful bacteria etc. comes, then it provides us defense mechanism against it. Okay, it is formed in the bone marrow. RBC is also formed in the bone marrow. Marrow is fine, which is the bone marrow, it is formed there, if we talk about the types, WBC is called leukocyte, like it is called erythrocyte, it is called leukocyte, but monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, what is this, WBC, its types, this is life. Its span ranges from 12 WBC lasts for up to 20 days. Its main function is in defence. Its main function is to supply less oxygen. Platelets come last. This helps in blood clotting. It helps in clotting of blood and especially in humans like blood

34:38 etc. If it is present then the rest is also seen in organists but platelet component is especially seen in humans and the blood is not necessarily red like in cockroaches etc., there are cockroaches and crabs etc. in them the blood is slightly blue in color. They are blue in color because they do not have iron in them like what is there in our RBCs. Why is it red? It is due to hemoglobin in which iron is your AE but it has copper in it, so because of that copper, their blood becomes blue due to platelets. If we talk about it, it helps in blood clotting i.e. there is also a vitamin called Vitamin K which helps in blood clotting , but here we are talking about the component of blood, so the component of blood which helps in blood clotting. Platelets help in this, for example, if there is an injury, if platelets are present then the blood clot will get formed and the blood will not be able to go out, but if not, the blood clot will go out and it can become fatal

35:23 . This means our death can also happen. This is known as Throm sites. Life span is 7 to 10 days and this is the final thing for you and there is no shape in it. It must be written here, I think it is not written, keep in mind that this is regular. They are shaped, it is okay, they do not have any shape, they are irregularly shaped, they just have the shape of disc or biconcave shape, sometimes they ask you to put them in the order, on the basis of their number, keep in mind that RBCs are Red blood cells are the highest, then come platelets and then come WBC i.e. white blood cells study. I have written about hematology. Let 's say it is okay and now we come to lymph which is our last. Lymph is called in Hindi. What is lymph lymph? Lymph is nothing, just lymph. It is that part of blood which does not have RBCs. It is the part of blood which does not have red blood cells. Just

36:11 remember this, it contains WBC. It does not contain RBCs. It contains only WBCs. So that means this defense mechanism will provide color, it is a colorless fluid, it would be red if it were RBC, because actually as I told you, there are holes like this through which blood comes out because there is such a small hole that through it the RBC which is by concave shape. If it is not able to come out then this whole separate capillary system gets developed, which is called lymphatic system, do not go into all that deep, just keep in mind that it is colourless, there is WBC, there is no RBC, which provides the defense mechanism, okay. If there is then there will be no RBCs and the proteins present in blood will also be absent in it. Topic is over. Ok, topic is over. There is nothing left. Now we

36:57 leave questions for you. You will answer that question. End Question. This is for you, if we assume that someone has met with an accident, it is okay, the guy has met with an accident and I am saying that his entire skin has become black, his skin has all been scratched. Something is wrong right now, his skin has become useless, so tell me which type of tissues have got affected, you have to tell in the comment, this is homework for you and here our third topic also ends, the next topic will be our plant kingdom because of us. We are going to start plant and animal kingdom. That is the diversity of living organisms. If we are going to start then we will start in diversity only. First of all, will our first part in diversity be different types which are our kingdom and plant

37:43 kingdom there. We are going to study, we will get the lecture in the evening, are you okay? Thank you for watching this lecture. If you have any doubt or suggestion, then you can tell in the comment section. Thank you for watching this lecture till the last. Thank you.