Full transcript of “지능 유전자, 엄마에게 달려 있다? IQ와 유전 어디까지가 진실인가요? 최채천의 아마존 | 전지적관찰자시점”. Click a timestamp to open the video at that moment. Need another video? Use the YouTube transcript generator.
0:00 When you see a child who is good at studying, do you wonder if it is because of the father or the mother ? Research has shown that it is the mother's genes that determine a child's true potential . But you can take that as nonsense . We tend to be a little too obsessed with the influence of genetics . [Music] There is a saying that a son's talent for studying is 100% influenced by his mother's talent for studying. What do you think about that? There are many people around us who think that way . My father passed away not long ago, and he said that everything good for his son was passed down to him by you. If he
0:46 were alive today, my mother would probably have a lot to say, but you can take that as nonsense . Functions are so complex. Even IQ test results vary greatly among women. Even if you're not feeling well that day, you might not do well on an IQ test. In fact, it 's difficult to define intelligence in one word because it's a test of knowledge at a common sense level. So, Professor Howard Gardner of Harvard University explains the concept of multiple intelligences. So, even
1:35 if you have the ability to analyze a problem, you also have the ability to carefully observe the situation and track down the answer and match it . This is a very valuable skill in Korea . Because the test is a multiple choice test, there are many more cases where you guess the answer rather than knowing the answer clearly and writing it down . When taking a test, I was the latter, who figured out the answer by imagining how I would have designed the problem if I were the one who created it, rather than the child who simply analyzed and knew that it was just a matter of going from 1 to 2. So, because intelligence is so complex, we can just lump it all together and say that intelligence comes from the mother. You ca
2:21 n't say that. There is some basis for this. So, genes related to certain specific intelligent personalities and intelligent behaviors were found in large numbers in X-rays. So, women, mothers, have two X chromosomes . My father said he has one X chromo and one Y chromo. But since there are multiple genes related to genitalia in the X-chromosome, in the case of a son, one X chromosome is inherited from the mother, and in the case of a daughter, one X comes from the father, so it is diluted. But this is based on weak evidence. I know that there was a story like that in a book called The Paradox of Promotion . This
3:08 person is Satoshi Kanazawa. I received my PhD from Erna University in the US and lectured at the School of Economics and Political Science in the UK . But this gentleman is a gentleman with a lot of problems. Even the American Psychological Association issued an official statement. He 's a person who's so good at packaging and presenting unverified information in order to appeal to the public that he's openly saying that what he's saying to the professor doesn't represent the psychology community. There's a rumor going around that there's a paper that says it's 100% due to the mother's influence, but there's no such paper. He brought all kinds of circumstantial evidence from around the world
3:57 and posted them on his personal blog. But now he has reproduced it in his own book . So there are two things we need to look at now. One is that you have to accept that it is not a fact as claimed in official academic papers, and another is that intelligence is so complex that even if several genes related to promotion are on the X chromosome, that alone is 100% the mother's influence. It's a bit of a stretch to say this. But if you absolutely have to ask whether my father's influence or my mother's influence is greater, I
4:42 would side with my mother. First of all, it is true that there are multiple genes related to true ability in Excroso . So, the influence of genes that a mother can give can be seen as being a little bit greater . However, no matter how intellectually outstanding you are, if your health is not very good, you will not be able to actively use your intellectual abilities . It's a really dangerous thing to say, because there are so many other chromosomes that are linked to everything that could be related to intelligence, or indirectly related to intelligence. Nonetheless, the mother's influence is slightly greater thanks to the numerous related genes on the chromosome. You can say that. Another thing is that,
5:29 from an epigenetic perspective, because the baby grows in the mother's womb for such a long time, the mother's influence is greater than the father's influence in the process of communicating with the baby . So, the extent to which the mother had a positive influence during the pregnancy process can clearly make a difference in the developmental process . So, as a result, the true abilities of sons in our society are largely influenced by their mothers. Basically, I agree with it, but if you ask me to prove it scientifically and 100% clearly, I have no choice but to say that there is no basis for it . How do you explain cases where
6:16 children achieve exceptionally well in specific areas, even though their parents don't show any such behavior ? That's a very good question. We tend to be a little too obsessed with the influence of genetics . But it is very difficult to evaluate how we can do that . So there are attempts at such studies in fairly simple animals. How much influence do genes have? And how much of an impact was the environment? At the slightly more complex animal level, there has been quite a bit of progress in twin research . In the case of twins, since their genes are identical, they are completely the same, so the
7:03 influence of genes is assumed to be the same on both sides. If we objectively quantify how different the two people became when they grew up in different environments, how much of the overall influence of the environment is there ? There are quite a few research papers that analyze the tendencies of two people who were born in the same house and then separated, and then were separated again by chance 30 or 40 years later . So, what geneticists are saying now is that the influence of genes is about 40% to 60%, and the influence of the environment is also 40% to 60%, so it's really ambiguous . So, most geneticists would
7:49 say that it depends on the situation, but would n't it be good to think of it as about half and half? That's what it means. It's huge that half of it is affected by the environment . Especially humans, we are animals that live in incredibly diverse environments . I can't say this publicly because I 'm not the one who personally analyzed the research and came up with the numbers, but I think that 80-90% of it is due to the environment . It's an animal that is incomparable to any other animal on Earth in terms of its growth process, living environment, and diversity. So, I often talk about this when I lecture. If all living things were ranked
8:38 from the most genetically influenced to the least genetically influenced . Then, there has to be a human at the very end. Of course, the influence of genes is strong, but in nature, where the influence of the environment is overwhelmingly strong, it seems like an animal that is incomparably stronger. I've been talking about this my whole life. I wonder why, in the case of humans, even though they grew up in the same family and similar environments, they all have different jobs and choose different spouses, and live unique lives. yes. Even if they are genetically similar, I think the environment they grew up in and the environment they lived in when they became independent had a huge impact
9:24 . Then, it sounds like it means that who you meet as a spouse or friend has a big impact . yes. Yes, that's right. In this sense, I think a lot of people are upset about the fact that in our society these days, wealth is the center of everything and is being passed down. In the past, it seemed like there was some kind of ladder that transcended social classes, where rich kids would receive intensive education, occupy a high ground in college entrance exams, go to good universities, and eventually inherit wealth, but now, it seems like that ladder has been kicked away and this is being passed down. Nevertheless, I still
10:11 believe that a dragon emerges from a stream. Even in a poor environment, I believe that even if parents cannot objectively prove that they are genetically superior, if they raise their children with a clear sense of purpose and instill the right values in their children, many great people will be born from such families and lead our society today . And I'd like to believe that it's entirely possible, and that people of that caliber would make different choices when choosing a spouse, or a career, or something like that . Society continues to change.
11:09 I believe that in the midst of this changing process, even if their families weren't particularly wealthy, people who inherited their parents' outlook on life and values are able to live good lives when the opportunity arises. This is actually happening in our society . I think that the environmental influence I'm talking about, which is overwhelming in the case of humans, can be explained from that perspective as well. My father started talking like that a little while ago before he passed away . If only he had my hair, he might have been smart, but he probably would have had problems in interpersonal relationships and things like that. But he has his hair like his mother, and he gets along well with other people, so I think it's a good thing. That's exactly it. So, intelligence is n't just about IQ tests or solving math problems. There
11:56 are a great many factors that go into how intelligence is expressed. So, I think that evaluating functions haphazardly is something that should not be done . Everyone is born with their own strengths and weaknesses, and some people live a good life by making good use of their strengths in a certain environment. But if that doesn't work out, there are many people around us. We see a lot of people around us who are quite outstanding, but things don't work out for them . Of course, those people are very smart and we can't judge them, but there's something wrong with them. I don't think it's a very good evaluation . He's not a very smart person. He is the type of person who lacks the brains to use the situation to his advantage
12:41 . The more you look at the outside world, the better you may be at finding the answer, but you lack the intelligence to see the overall picture of how the answer will be utilized, which is why you are not succeeding in that environment right now . I think we need to abandon our overly simplistic view of intelligence . If your son is smart, just think, "Oh, he takes after me ." Whether it's mom or dad, then they're happy. Subscribe, like I love you. [music]
