Operating system 01 | Introduction & background | CS & IT | GATE Crash Course

0:20 hello good evening status students can you My audible and visible in every very good evening to all of you just ping me please The voice is reaching me just like that will start the can Ok Talk Clear please clear everything

1:15 [music] so just a review about myself tell me about yourself so come on i did my HD in Computer Science in D Area of Wireless Networks and professor in computer science I have More than 28 years of teaching experience And I have research experience too. To my credit, I have 50 journal articles Published so far Along with My period is colors and 150 conferences papers bhi hai and i also have happy you Inform you about me under my supervision

2:01 In Narli Seven Candles and Almost 7 Candidates have already completed B and And talking about the gate let me tell you I have more then 20 Years of Teaching Experience in GATE Tutoring and Get Mentally or Pawan Kumar This course will be explained in Hindi and in English it will happen where we will do it in Hindi also and we will teach him English also don't worry so this is just a brief introduction to me about myself my profile Experience in Get Stream and Have Bin Teaching My Operating Systems Algorithm

2:46 So many courses I have taken in its dream First of all I would like to say that we discuss We will discuss about Gate Syllabus Operating System in Hindi d form of lecture al where I will tell you I will tell you what topics are you going to be covered In what area and concept topics pay You have to put more emphasis on GATE Preparation from the right and particularly this too I will tell you because you guys are from a crash match So it is also important on which topics You should watch the movie This Last Three Months right now Whatever time is left, you can do it We have to concentrate, okay, we will see that Well, Broadley, let me say that operating The syllabus of the system was basically this

3:35 four parts so first here Introduction in Background We are going into detail about it here We will see which is important from gate perspective You must first understand the operating system. what is it operating system right definition Various definitions of operating system then After that we see what un what are the functions and goals of operating System Operating system development should be there ok for Give types of operating system it is very It is important that we have general discussion here do vagina vs

4:21 Multiprogramming Programming This is an important topic from the first Chapter from D First Unit here It is very important for your foundation Fundamental students if uni of programming and multiprogramming If the concept is not clear then remaining If you have trouble with all topics then so I'm asking you to type of operating system particularly what is Uniform This is what we will see in detail this union multiple programming is ok

5:07 then after that it's like multiprogram Types of in detail of operating system A multi-program operating system is like that we say non-lovers and Premium Requirements for multi-programming also GATE is a very important topic Many questions from Perspective Previous Papers I have already come to Hardware support what should be the Hardware support needed for the Implementation of Operating System Rights We call it multi-program Architecture Requirements for multiprogas then after that it's very Importent Shifting into Multi Program Operating I will tell you about the system here I want these previous papers

5:54 neerlifight28 questions were asked Exclusively on this topic 5 to 8 Questions Exclusively Right in This Topic Multiprogrammed Shifting Aspects in Multiprogramming And generally it has been seen that students There are many doubts with regards to multi mode shifting so what I would like is that In this course we will also discuss this topic will do ok ho much shifting it dan what are the modes of what are the different Modes D in which the computation takes place As we say user mode and kernel mode then related tu mode shifting see have on topic system calls where we look are that what is it called system call this implemented okay out system

6:40 College implemented and what are they doing? Different ways of parameter passing for System calls right here are complete details This is very important and there is a There is a topic on the basis of which at least this I will say four to five times questions for Asking Elsewhere Papers Based on Fox system call okay so we are in big because this The course is a crash course so we will cover the whole I can't see it in detail but Relatively I will definitely tell you that whatever This is an important topic, we will discuss it in detail Here's what will definitely help you you facilitative okay then after that general problem solving vitrighat tu this Aspects so this will be your first Module As We Speak Introduction end background then go to next module which is the second module that we talk about

7:25 Process Management This is very important and core Part Of Operating System Ayush General I Let me tell you that the process management is unique Un Covers 35 Tu 40% Off D Syllabus Off Operating System According to the preparation for GATE exam 35 to 40% of d syllabus basically this process management and generally that of gate The syllabus is I have covered it in 6 chapters only and which we divide into topics like Process concepts is the first chapter I will come with the second chapter one by one will tell you

8:10 This is very important for you from here There should be clarity about the meaning of the program What is and what does the procedure mean what is the similarity between both and what is the difference program Let's process abstract data type ok then after that it will be a matter of van off d Important aspect of the process which We call this process state transition Diagram so let me tell you on this aspect my Dear Students and Get Experience So I got the papers from I Wood around 10 questions at least 10 to 12 Questions were asked in previous papers based on prostate transition diagram then You should mark this as almost this diagram this is very very important not only from the examination perspective but

8:57 also but also will be a fact this others All the topics are remaining part of From the topic of operating system, there is also This diagram will be referred to as the diagram will be referred are you getting my point so definitely see will cover up us part of crash course see will definitely cover off Process transaction diagram here we tell and what are various transitions which The process moves during its life The bicycle that moves from one state to another inside state okay this process state Transition diagram and its related The concept is nucleus and dispatcher then We are the dispatcher not the dispatcher components of operating system so this

9:43 Copper which is the process state transition diagram Give a Schedule Process State Transaction Diagram on I will study and here I will also discuss this with you in the crash course I will do these two topics schedulers and dispatcher so essentially what I want to say is I am saying that in whichever chapter Which are the important topics for GATE It is very important, you will try it R level best tu cover up in crash course and make you very comfortable in all d topics okay let's go then after that sam Problem solving will also happen in this chapter Then after that will come the process concepts After this the next important topic is this also If you mark it as done studying then it is van

10:28 Aria from Where I Might Not Be Wrong It won't be wrong if I say that at every gate I will You can look at the papers of last 10 years. let's look at generally generally van question and you questions deepu scheduling is a very very Important topic from GATE examination You need perspective so that you can do this Are you 100% comfortable Deepu, if billing is ok then and today List if my calculations are correct At least I would ask you 25 to 30 questions Today Sofa on CPU Scheduling and I see this consistently every year Questions for problems are being asked Because there is more difficulty level in studying If you ask me according to that, then I generally say this

11:14 I say that this is a very easy topic, it This is not a difficult topic and I have my own There is a criteria to define the paper to define the complexity of the topics So that is it, General, I say this or this is basically 90% topic means 90% off get Aspirants This transparent will work out d Problems Correctly From you can not go out of this 90% you will get this make sir i want you to be also in 90% off dem you should also bin 90% off by 10% tea then hardly any tension students five to 10% Students will ask wrong questions Meaning in reading this topic is not only easy

12:02 Not only important but it is also easy This is the topic I want to tell you very much There is a variety of interesting topics There are numerical problems in it right c will study same good number of c p you are doing techniques like which topics Here you can get detailed information about GATE syllabus You have to prepare accordingly ok need for scheduling criteria what Is So the Process Times Scheduling Algorithm All the scheduling algoritmus I have read here I have classified it like FCFS Shortage of Shortest Remaining Time first longest remaining time first Right, this is the priority round repeated Robin multi level cudding then her Related Problem Solving This is the way you have to read if you are a man

12:48 Well, you are reading all these topics. I can guarantee you I can share for sir date You can solve any question of CPU if You can see this whole along with previous year If you are solving questions then definitely you can work out any gate Question based on This is a very important topic right The End of CPU Scheduling Today It's This 90% topic means 90% of parents Definitely the problem is with this topic and this chapter When it comes I solve it, so my My appeal to you is related you process concept that is

13:34 Raid and Multithreading Relatively Simple topic now I will not say that enough This is important but practical According to aspects of operating system from this is very important okay from get perspective this is what i want to tell you I am thinking that multi threading is this Only Heretics Question All the questions that you have come up with till now only theoretical questions though in this This could also be a sort of problem solving There can be numerical questions but so far only theoretical conceptual Questions have come in previous GATE paper Write as many questions as you can in Previous Gate Questions also amin which is important topic In multithreading the thread concept ends benefits and they also see what is on thread ho is it different from process write what is the similarity between Process & Thread & Process &

14:20 what is the difference between thread right date and d important when they see you types of The thread which we call user level third Sending level threads on both sides What is the difference and what are the benefits of it What are the issues with multithreading what are performance shoes okay so that too we talk about what we talk about Lets have the concept of thread pool The concept of synchronization You can also use popular multiple thread from library There are libraries such as the Red Library behind the This is a basic introduction, not in detail adervice if you talk about p threat Or Linux or Windows 32 or He will talk about the threats that are real You will understand when you are real will do programming but the gate From a programming perspective you If we don't want to do it then we can just do a sort of

15:06 Overview If you look at it, it is enough from GATE Examination Perspective and You can solve problems of old papers You can see the idea together from I Wood I Min Sam Theoretical Question C national paper if you look at p/k and cover these topics i am very Sir, with regards to your preparation threading chapter will be completed ok Now the important chapter comes after that He is very much into process management This is very important for general GATE aspirants A short off becomes like a mountain for Although it's not like that, I'm telling you Key synchronization is one of the core topics man of d core module of operating system off operating system is ok and its

15:51 Acts On Foundation For Adar Adar Courses Like Distributed Computing Mobile Other subjects that are part of computing This process is called synchronization plays a very important role in this So I generally get experience The process will have to be distributed computing mobile computing wireless If computing is good then in those courses May your foundation be week of synchronization So you will face a lot of difficulty in this regard in this sense also not only from get this Also in terms of when you are having a match Will do right for him Foundation Synchronization has to be very strong so what I'm asking is that you during your Get prepared for synchronization

16:37 The chapter is also very good, read it thyroli Do a very good preparation right From d get perspective i wood mark this topic today double star very very Importent And generally I also say this to students this topic is synchronization it Not Like CPU What is the concept of scheduling if you we will understand and from the formula if will remember as the turn around It's time, it's the first time, it's waiting time Formula is base if you remember the formula we will do it, we will understand the concept So you can solve the problem generally. Let it be CPU scheduling or memory Let there be management problems or of the file system but of the synchronization This is the concept of synchronization

17:23 This is the concept of problems and its The Concept of Theoretical Foundation Analytical Aptitude You have to understand this many times This is not based on any other formula There is no formula, no algorithm in this There is no such thing which you will apply and the result You will have to think here Here you have to develop the logic ok you have to understand every mechanics right you have to carry out on lot of analysis on this lot of nrs you get a grip and believe me my Students you should follow the man if you Synchronization fund has been cleared I am guaranteeing you are challenged in your woods Love tu solve problems of synchronization You will talk about live and synchronization

18:10 problems i would like you to solve but The condition is that your foundation is strong yes and then you will understand Right from the bottom of my heart dat you can you love me tu solve di problem All you need is everything good There are various ways to understand this what are the topics like for example what this is called ipc what is synchronization OK and give types of synchronization As we say competitive Synchronization Cooperative Synchronization end the critical section problem Market If these are the foundation topics for you be clear foundation topics if this Your foundation topics should be clear, genuine

18:55 Only you can solve and you can understand The synchronization mechanism is What do students do for foundations? Students leave the foundation leave it and directly come from synchronization mechanism Critical Limit Force takes the lead Peterson Decors Bakery Algorithm Not Known Which halwa stays cold till the gate If you follow the order I have given here But I am writing please particularly this I am giving you exercise for the topic I am doing this for this topic, if you like this if you read this in order if you if you follow then i am very sir you can Definitely understand and synchronization mechanism very clearly very clearly and This chapter will not be difficult for you You are very good and excellent in solving

19:44 Problems of synchronization, let's see this The order has been placed, now after that synchronization mechanism which is Previous Gate Questions they have come in the previous papers This is how I classify all D mechanism in this aspect like for example you have luck variables you have luck Variables Fine-tuned Alternation Peterson Solution Hardware where generally we have two topics Let's say there are two synchronization hardware The mechanism is bottom end stop INSTRUCTIONS RIGHT AND SAY OFF FORCE Introduction Then there is another topic here which probably I missed it, I wrote here done 5.5 Not only introduction we will try to see will study both binary and counting

20:30 And the last mechanism is The synchronization mechanism is Monitors To these are various synchronizations Mechanism generally available in the literature based on which questions have enost and let me also tell you here my Dear Students Gate Aspirants Rights mechanism based on all dies macanisms questions have been asked Clear papers and one more thing I am general I tell this to the students synchronization top mechanism this mechanism Mechanisms are just like learning mathematics Topic as per the plan you take is Mathematics I am studying fear, I am studying integration

21:17 okay so how do you deal with fear How to do integration or no risk Of Learning some matrix operation As Transport of a Matrix determinant of a matrix determinant You find out the procedure to do it Procedure for Any Factor of Matrimony Nine After the procedure you can solve this Number of problems you can solve in numbers of problems like synchronization You should understand the concept of mechanism right like what is a lock variable how does cannabis work what is his ideology if you therrauli will understand you based on On lock variable you can be asked in number of problems i can formula 10 number problems the same way If you understand the concept of Seva For

22:07 you will understand it well, you can solve it in number of problems in number of problems so I'm hoping that every You can consider this mechanism as a problem solving method. don't look at his concept from his The ideology is right and its mechanism is good Understand this method so that you can solve it Problems This Approach Must Prepare For Related to synchronization mechanism You synchronization mechanism us us Next topic is classical ICC Problems Mean Deez R Deez R Classical Problems like you say are classical Music means a standard music then that There are same IPC problems which we can solve We call it classical IPC problems There are IPC problems but the gate DZR from Examination Perspective Important Classical IPC Problems

22:53 As in producer consumer problem Questions based on this and I will also tell you this Three mechanisms of selection which is classical IPC Problems Questions You Have Bin Estrin Alier Papers on These Questions have bin asked and can do more further questions can come, okay Produce Sir, it is a consumer problem, reader The writer's problem is dining philosopher The problem is this is the three standards There are problems which are generally found in every textbook described now i will tell you later I will also tell you about the textbooks. Right and meaning regarding other aspects I will also tell you the total weightage and discuss it after complete this to other text books I you have general inside problem yesterday sleeping barber problem to get You can also read this from Examination Perspective Sleeping Barber and Bar Shop

23:39 Simulation Problem Keeping at the Barber Shop Keeping Barber Problems Similarly, there is another problem which we say what you say like secret The problem, I am trying to say, is that you can have an number of problems tomorrow and One could also be having a classic IPC problem. if you are in literature then you understand I am min how do we understand the idea problem We define the problem classically When will we call it classical ICC problem? When it can be solved with different maybe We can also solve it by limit four You can also solve a sector with the monitor so this is classical like any problem let's move on to the next chapter of next or The monitors are here I didn't see it was here you can see next last Module Off Last Module Offer Process

24:24 Management Last Chapter of Process Management module is concurrency generally which Standard textbooks are operating systems or take any other text book This topic is not discussed in operating system it occurs but if you see the previous gate if you If you look at previous GATE questions, wait for a while I ask questions based on the Concurrency is what we discuss here from gate examination perspective Here we just write parallel construct four can join statement but you have to If you want to study then you should choose this teaching path You must follow this first of all you have Discuss what is concurrency

25:09 What is then you will have to see what is this types of Concurrency Types of Concurrency Condition on the basis of which you can get the statement or Executing Procedures Concurrently can can can The parallel construct is as Fork and Join Extras This is also us We will touch upon each other in the crash course Necessary problems are okay, problem Solving will be done on its topic basis Last Chapter of Process Management or

25:55 Then we can discuss it separately also. can resource management say right Whose name is one and a half lakh important topic this also started Problem hey right ok so deadlock in which concept study You have to do concept note concept Concept Update Lock and What Kind of The system model for which we and lock screen Off Model

26:43 Question graph Then if C is an Star Topic in This Chapter Deadlock HandlingStrategy.com And I'll tell you one in the last slide. I forgot I wanted to write here Synchronization mechanism when I say International Mechanism This topic comes generally 10 thou 15% from wood So my observation is this Based on the feedback of students Exactly based on d feedback of D Students, this is my general perception this is it, not more give 10 or 15% this is enough I am telling you something important dear students can give no more than 10 or 15 more Get the most atmospheric 20% more than that no not more give 20% off d get Aspirants who write get exam will only

27:30 Solve Problems Correctly From Synchronization is repeating once again hmm not more give 15 or 20% off d Students Will Not Workout D Solutions Correctly from synchronization so this means If you can see your rank and your score want to excel want to grow If you want to do well then you have to do every You have to focus on such topics in the subject So these operating system synchronization is 11 topics on which you should fully focus if you really want to improve your rank If you really want to improve your score OK Synchronization 15% topic step by step you are studying is 90% topic is similar to deadlocks which is deadlocks What I was just discussing is this I

28:17 wood se 30 tu 35 32 40% topic means 30 tu 40% off Get Experience Theoretical questions also come in Logical questions also come and numerological questions go to catalogue Deadlock is a characteristic of the chapter In which prevention with important strategies avoidance detection and recovery and also a There are 1.5 lakh streets, ignore all NCs We have strategies in rashtrakosh also Important topics need to be discussed will try from this chapter let's do this Your second module is gone, first module tha introduction and background but

29:03 The module was Process Management now go to Third module of operating system is fine Is The third module is memory management tech and Important Component of Operating System design and implementation is memory Memory manager is important here There are topics like abstract of Memory or Ho Do things share when this is physical view respect this abstract physical view ho do you visualize in d form of k off skip Organizations say right pin Pin diagram tells about configuration Fundamentals is all fundamentals

29:59 The sensible questions have been asked So until it is clear I would recommend you should not start memory management Techniques otherwise you can do it through direct paging if you start then you will not have you Will not get crackers of memory management technology is ok right now i'm on textbooks I will tell you something, don't worry, I will talk about text book i will talk about Material I will talk about test series every I will discuss this thing in today's class after that we will start okay don't Wari van of d technique from where my Questions Narli I Wood Se 60% to 70% Off D GATE Aspirants Will Work Out questions correctly from this

30:51 Topics Based on Partition then his badlegation the most important topic The most important topic is In operating memory management it is unconditional on the basis of which on the basis of this any questions So, which topics are you covering here? You have to read Simple Paging Paging with Tea LB Translation Buffer #paging multi level paging this is enough It is an important topic from the get go perspective and this is understood generally Is this a perception among date students or this is one of the difficult topic is one of d involt topic right like Synchronization After Synchronization General students do this because of the man that Multi-level paging is difficult though

31:36 Multi level paging is also very simple right I'll try to cover you in this course ok give inverted paging Segmentation Segmentation Architecture all these topics I haven't gone into that much detail But I will tell you each work flow. I've been on what we call the study path Teaching Path Learning Path Right to All D Topics My dear students I want to tell you a I am telling you the learning path in which order Which topic do you need to study if you choose this path? will follow i am sir you will not Encounter Difficulty Usually When Students It is said that the operating system is a computer Organization or computer network This is a very difficult topic Of course there is a problem, difficulty arises when

32:23 If you have a learning partner who The order in which I am mentioning the topics here I am if you will follow that I am very sir you will not have any difficulty and understanding the topics of operating You can read the entire system in this manner Topics to date it's about patching right then After that the next module is off I may have missed a topic here But I will write it down

33:18 after synchronization d next most An important topic is virtual memory Expose important topics this virtual Memory Ok Virtual memory is also important in this regard hi please follow my point virtual memory Not only is it important to get there but also to go to this place all are important Practically used in Contemporary Operating System Contemporary's means that the contemporary means that which Operating Systems We Presently Use It you are doing it right he is Contemporary You is as unique as Windows is Linux is Mac, these are contemporary operating systems The system which we use on desktop laptop if we do then all these contemporary operating Virtual memory management in the system technique is done to him and in this sense also

34:05 The virtual memory chapter is important When you go for interviews For placement or else you can take the man Pass place admission in Higher Studies IITS If it happens on the basis of interview then you When you go for interviews, generally you R put questions from virtual memory to What is his learning path Virtual Memory The learning path of this unit is that you Understand Virtual Memory Step First Then after that a will go to virtual memory Implementation Virtual Memory Implementation Then there are performance issues and writing in Short Performance Related Issues

34:51 Time related as effective memory There will be talk of access time, then page There will be talk of replacement so very important topic Then after that the concept of zodiac sign will come Then the topic which you have to study in the last Is Students ignore it but many Working set is important so this learning which is this is basically i would say again 30% Topic if I have a question page If replacement is required then students can correct it but when the implementation The question comes on aspects or The problem arises during threshing If a problem or question comes then the student

35:38 generally get fail so i want to tell you that I am saying that again if you are fundamental Conceptual background if improvement do Ok construction background if you are good Foundation means good if you develop it then you will definitely have A lot of eco and convenience with regard You are solving questions based on virtual memory right so this is about virtual Memory and Memory Management Now let's go Lastly, we come to the last module of the operating system which I call a file System and Device Management General File System and device management are two different aspects but in the operating system We study it by integrating it so that device management as it is

36:24 Overlapping Topics What does overlapping mean? that it is it also come under the subject of computer organization is ok but here But that's why we only see take date part of Disk Management which is relevant from Operating System Perspective and File system is basically this software for Managing D Device Like This Right So The thoughts were so integrated together where You have to know the teaching flow, the teaching position, You must know the first physical structure of heart this this this overlapping topic overlapping Topic and laughing means this also comes Under comes under Dimensions of Computer Organization Computer Organization

37:13 structure of disc means you study about Formatting Process means you go to disco and do some format Any format file system like ntffa The fact is 32 x4 is et cetera or unique If the file system is there then what should I format? There will be a structure, how will its structure be made will The structure of this is then the file after that System Interface is a chapter where we they study what kind of Interface to CS Users and Programmers Expect from file system this file will come System Interface Topics Yes Generally Theoretical is the Just Like You Foundation topic is like your foundation topic

38:00 If the foundation is clear then give the problem Solving of implementation issues became easy so where we study that what is this file what is it directly concept and what are the files Attribute File Operation Types of Files Director all these will be file system in the Interface chapter then after System Implementation Implementation So my dear students here maybe this The last chapter is our last chapter in D Syllabus So let me emphasise this here after Synchronization and Multi Level Paging After Synchronization and Paging After Synchronization and Paging D

38:46 Next and last important topic in operating system this file system Implementation and my general observation and This is the perception very important stand your ears upright and this Listen to this, the number of badges the file system has Till now I have taught generally students I see the feedback from the students of which I will look at the approach to solve the default of difficulty in understanding file System implementation however this also very important topic very simple end

39:32 logical concept logical if you foundation As mentioned in the previous topic, I am a foundation Sagar will clear the implementation You will find it very easy in this aspect too and I am again offering you the same relief that this is 10% topic means if you If you work hard on this topic, hard on this topic if you are hard on this give the topic again you stand on a chance Excel over others if you are ahead of others want to increase your marks and your It is good to want to take the score forward If you want to do this then do it inside area where you have to put your extreme focus Wiley System Implementation and Previous Year including get twenty20 you latest This paper is also a very good one in 2022 latest paper good you have already marked the question

40:19 is from the file system implementation and mine General Observations Are Hardly Very Few students would workout correctly so i I would like that you also look into this topic will focus okay so here Implementation aspects is allocation Methard Generally you must have heard here, there is a topic I have asked a lot of questions about the structure yes this is the topic but I don't have any structure Pad structure is right final allocation table The structure is the master file table structure This is if you exercise on these topics you will understand i am very sir you your understanding become good and you can solve problems very easily this is free Space management is a very simple topic Free space management is right

41:05 I study and ask very simple questions this is done on the basis of date is not date Important I Min name is not that difficult you can follow the last topic Age of Operating System of Gate Syllabus Scheduling oring is very very simple topic very simple topic absolutely everyone can do it I would say this is only for you Topic which is I would say greater than 95% Give More Get 95% Off Aspirants Give More Get 95% Off Aspirants Wood Workout Problems Correctly from More than 95 It's a very simple topic, right and everybody can do it so as we have cpu Scheduling is a topic, similarly, dish Scheduling is where we talk about general are need for this scheduling is schedule in

41:51 techniques so these are the following techniques On the basis of which in previous GATE paper also Questions have already come and may come in future too So students my dear student boys and girls this is discussion of d syllabus of Operating System and the Lecture Schedule So you should learn the way I did The topics have been told to you in the order in which Let me know if you follow that order Very good operating system would become one of Your favorite subject and operating system Wood Become Right High Yielding Area Meaning in most operating systems You will be able to answer questions if you follow this part dat i can sir u dat i can guarantee now let's talk quickly of text books so that the students

42:37 Just saw it in the chat window as well, talking about Xbox So look at the many texts of the operating system There are books, I am here to emphasize you Van of de Vries International Topics of synchronization is not dated well covered i wood se i min of course it is Discuss comprehensively but children Right to Understanding Children Synchronization for Understanding You

43:22 can study you can study basically from other respect the textbooks as i tell you you tanmam this un good book you start But you can come back later and then after that the second text book which I have Said If you want to read then you can hit then third Textbooks that you can generally follow are Standings So that doesn't mean that I'm telling you that you should read all three text books because you R from crash match you have enough lets

44:10 If you have time, reading textbooks means that much time No, I would generally recommend this At this point of time, the same topics, the same Follow the topics in your text book study in text book which you are full witch you full it's probably hard for you okay if You can take me to CPU studying It is comfortable, you should not read it completely once if whether you can read from okay galvin It has been discussed very well in yes but if you have already studied under somebody and for you doing what you need not study again from other text book is ok So this is the quantity from the silver set Galvin so This is the text book and now it is about marks The weightage given to the subject of operating system What is the marks from GATE perspective which hain i would say average

44:59 but never listen six Average is it an operating system or any other The questions that come after integrating the subject If yes, then the son will grow more and more ok so never less let 6 end me be you can you average it with 10 marks so date is on weightage of this subject it is on van of D Core Course of Operating System It is a van of d core course Important Courses System Subject Date is what I'm saying if you're living System from your get preparation you have left get dat is what it is good as dat

45:46 You need not just look for the gate but for what is ahead of you He should also give consideration to the career he has. Basically an operating system is a lot more This important course is very important The question is okay and secondly you need to know this Let me tell you, I knew that the one who you were looking for at the gate Preparing the operating system Forget but other exams Like which exams can you write With your get preparation for operating System and other subjects as yours There are exams, if you have to face any exam then Don't know about Right TFR Exam if you don't know about it then you should once Google it and let us know about TFR can you get to know about it

46:33 Or I mean, is it your ISRO paper or respect? Comedy Exams Respect exams in this you will get less A for all jaega plus it will also help you Preparation will also help you for your Placement interviews Placement interviews which you can do for placement You will be given a lot of help there too There will be many more level van product base company if you look at the interviews, the assessment If you see the test then it will have operating system questions and problems are asked of General, this is your preparation for this and Now this is about the subject which we have to study in GATE I'm gonna take a crash course for that

47:18 I will give you some instructions and I will see start d lecture this is basically a crash course today you know and you can say basically Like Rapid Revision Course Correct and the first thing I'll tell you is Gate 2023 Aspirants this is not basically Please do attend whoever wants to attend But I can't help you from my side It is important to mention that basically for get 2023 aspirants and that experience who had already been somewhere at the gate

48:03 Have you studied the subject or at least you are in college Operating systems have grown bigger at this level will be useful for you this will be useful for you because Right from the beginning you and what I have listed out in every chapter in every chapter Whatever emphasizing topics in every topic Whatever are the important topics, we will cover them I will definitely do it here, okay definitely this will be a revision Preparing Seriously Forget Whatever If you are seriously studying for GATE I will attend it, it will be like take good Revision for your examination Perspective Important Concepts We

48:49 We will discuss as many important things as we can There are problems, we will discuss them here wich will act like a good revision for you so much appeal my request my humble humble Put I humbly request you to please friend preparing forget others for already Completed your preparation for GATE 2023 for this subject please do attend and revise your concepts this will be useful for you okay first year students second year Students if you have already done operating system you have already read it, it will be useful for you or else you can attend also you You will get something if not everything dates me wood se date it what can you attend yes, I will definitely not tell you, don't do it But we will not leave the whole foundation because this is a crash course i said

49:36 right so please understand date point anybody more everybody is welcome you attend of course you will definitely get something get un very The outcome from this particular course is fine And the last thing I want to say before I Start D Lecture Syllabus and Topics I want to say one thing definitely are you going yes alok pandey cr are you going Start Short Because It's Important It is also important to give instructions so date you don't have any other problems in understanding is ok The last thing I want to tell you is For your preparation and for your career The thing that is very important for us is language Especially because you are in computer science field are you from and you have done your graduation in Computer Science I am looking forward to making a career

50:24 I am saying that many kids are saying that Sir teach in hindi read in english is ok if we teach then it is in Hindi and English But the first thing you have to understand is that This is a very important thing especially for those ho se dat only english right to The language of the paper is English number van The GATE exam is conducted in English. I don't know it in Hindi but when you talk about work will go to top in multinational company If you go to a level company, there you will only There will be English and computer National company then you get international exposure Need more international exposure You need to know English, so I

51:11 I am saying this to all those students Right, what I am saying is that if your medium Hindi or do you believe it if English Medium should also be right if you believe that If you are not fluent in English This is my appeal to you, this is my request to you hai please pickup please pickup d english speaking ko learning english right tu practice in english date is very very The right date is very important important for you very important for you so this is my appeal of course i am going You teach her in English but I would recommend it Personally speaking, you should have developed Habit of Learning D Courses in English Date it is very important for your career Perspective is up to you, what you do

51:57 I wanted to do whatever I thought was important I told you but I am falling because I am CR d standard c r going to teaching english right english and hindi ok so this is what i wanted you to give us part of introduction no indian viki gaming i am not going to cover only in english shiva prefers to teach only in english and Tha I prefer you teaching only English but But this batch is company policy and company rule for that we have to pat in english so I I will teach in English only, Hindi Plus Both English are right, my Hindi is as much I am not fluent so if I make a mistake somewhere If there is any Hindi word to do it then please forgive me because i am not I am fluent in Hindi but I will try I will do as much as I want It is also good to speak Hindi well

52:43 but even then if there's something here and there If you go then please ignore the date, okay then now Kids are asking about this huge startup Are How many awards will it win, so what is the date D Company we would decide i will get awards but i will you date i will definitely date you from Right from the beginning till almost everyone Chapter C Are You Going To Cover Essentials Important Topics Which Will Help You More ur get preparation this is from my side You have insurance and a good problem We will also provide you with the solution of six problems Lecturers here will try to do this me ok let's finish with this introduction very quickly again i'm going to start my Discussion right so again I am telling you solid who are first year student second year

53:29 students who are from other stream civil mechanical at cetera right co Mechanical Extras My Appeal Is Un Crash of course right you can definitely try it Attend and you will definitely learn something I am not saying that you won't learn You will surely learn something but if you The operating system must have read the right somewhere before If you have read it somewhere then read it: Definitely this will be like basically diamond facing date is what If you haven't read it from I Wood then give it to you can you come to the class after studying in advance You can follow more lecturers Ok so late start So in today's lecture actually we first

54:14 The topic which I said was absolutely from the foundation I am starting what is operating System window what is this operating system and what is this D Standard Definition of Operating System Captaino, will someone tell me?

55:02 Software Excellent Interface Between almost everybody is almost very happy everybody has given the definition let me I will write it here quickly and we will be very We'll quickly see what each definition means: what is the meaning of breefl so date you Have a clear idea and operate exactly What is a system and its necessity what is it and what is its role okay so The most popular definition that we generally use is Writes the operating system Interface Very Good Sam People and Have Return Operating System Today Un Resource Manager

55:47 Program Resource Manager system software System Software Utility Set of Utilities you simplify So Simplify Application Development

56:35 So Simplify Application Development you will find more definition will write date is correct so date you have completeness of understanding then Last we will talk about functions, actions and Functions like a government This is also quite interesting and important The aspect is to understand that Exactly what operating system means Utility Don't you will study the letter for example Process management is useless Memory Management Utility Utility Its So that's resources resources okay now One by one we will explain the definition in little detail

57:21 I will see the interface between user and We need these interfaces for hardware Why do we need and what is the meaning of interface ok see this, you will try to understand First look at it diagrammatically, generally I I say this is user like you and me and You might as well say programmer And every sea has d hardware and there's life the operating system in between dame interface to interface between user and Hardware means you can diagrammatically understand this I will explain it in a way now we have to understand that that this interface is needed right and what what is the role of it and what is the role of it Before you get this you need to

58:08 We have to understand what is important components of the hardware what are Important components of D hardware For which operating system actors in Interface, you must have read the first level course Right or first level in off programming In the introductory course of computers Have you read the block diagram of computer? Then you must have read that water is important components of Computer Systems The CPU will speak Then there is memory Output Interface Input Interface Output Interface

58:53 Important Components of the Computer system processor memory input output There are two parts to the devices process You know the CPU has a control The unit is an arithmetic logic unit Control unit as the name suggests it is A unit which basically controls all the other units arithmetic logic unit do you know is date carried out arithmetic and logical About operations and you memory Briefly let me tell you there are you types of memories This is very important from operating systems perspective also memories of you Types of memories what are you typing in the tale Van Architecture will be here soon.

59:44 Primary and Secondary Very Good Primary end secondary Examples of primary memory are as follows: You have Ram and Rome In primary memory category You can choose whether it is a disk system or a pen Drive fundamental difference which is primary and

1:00:31 That is volatility in secondary memory Memories Non volatile primary memory is Faster to access secondary memory is lower You are the axis Secondary memory is less costly ok Generally the size of primary memory is smaller than d size of second memory all dies r Differences which are expected when you know it Ok this is about memory, now the matter is the control unit which is here control unit and this is arithmetic logic unit The control unit will have control on memory will have control on input output devices will have control over output device thoughts That's its name, its control, its generality. control signals it executes micro operations all date ok one shot off review I am giving you just a review so date you are gear up with me you are in line with

1:01:18 me you are and you have done this memory input Examples of output devices will be yours Keyboard Mouse Monitor Printer All Secondary Storage devices are also input and output here. will come in and this computer's architecture is this we speak generally in The Literature of Human Architecture The architect who made this That is the name of that person, so that is why we say it This is Van Neumann Architecture it's ok lol that according to architecture you should have memory you should have control arithmetic Logic Unit and Input Output Device Under d control right under d control off control unit so date is called warning

1:02:04 Architecture right, I will tell you this point That is why I am telling you that generally students don’t Pay attention and do not get unproper Understanding, I am making this emphasis here I have been You will read this subject in full detail of coright operating system which develop operating system developers do develop an operating system Same Architecture as Architecture Change The operating system will change as well This point will be very important To understand this means that If you're working on an operating system development team Looking to build a parts van if you want you become you want you become an operating system developer so first of all you

1:02:50 you have to understand, you have to understand that it is Architecture Which architecture are you operating on? You are developing a system, you have to understand it first ok what is its instruction set What is the modality of computing model right Is short program a concept or not? The stop program concept is right so all D INSTRUCTIONS AN ARCHITECTURE YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND If it happens then first understand the operating date Before developing a system you must You will have to understand architecture and the texture of the You have to develop the operating system according to If you want to do it then what time is telling in short It is called date operating system development Directly dependent on D architecture Meaning as soon as the architecture changes Operating System If you are developing an operating system for

1:03:38 If you do that then it will work for architecture I will do it for others, I will not do it for anyone else now What are other architectures for example I am telling you that I have a mobile phone your cell phone mobile phone smartphone there also has its architecture in it your processor is memory right you don't have hard this there you have different type of memory but one of his own if you are an architect then you can use the mobile phone right, you develop the architecture for this You develop mobile architecture architecture as it would not run on Your iOS operating system is iOS Operating system if you want to load it on Your Van Min Architecture It Will Not Work right it's android it will not work Similarly if you are doing Windows development Developed UNIX for WAN architecture

1:04:25 Operating from Architecture The system will not work on your smartphone Architecture will not work on other multi Processor Architecture Multi Processor Architecture is Right and Respect Architecture or real time architecture Develop mint is directly proportional to Architecture is something you will always think about during your life time for this remember that if you I want to develop architecture If you want to develop an operating system then first You have to understand architecture, I am telling you this I want to explain this point to you which you can use to learn operating system principles and Concepts that you are learning in this course

1:05:10 The courses which are in the GATE syllabus are learning date is parley for van architecture then you should know van architecture in hindi d) The subject of the subject has to be understood as a work Performs the functionality of the control unit Functionality of Arithmetic Logic Unit Organization of memory Organization of Input Output Devices that your desktop it is a laptop computer We develop the end operating system also. and the second aspect date i wanted you are part of this definition date her in this course c are not going you You can learn Unix and Windows here But its operating system so what are the underlying guiding Principles and Practice Design & What will be the implementation aspects

1:05:56 we are learning means outcome of d what is the course your outcome of the course is this that if you are interested in Principles and Practice Understand this course right and stand Un chance you will definitely get the bill, you can pay your on You can develop an operating system using this date d meaning of the outcome of d course let's go so nine d coming Hardware Party Over Hardware Party over come you d next point d language understand Understand the Language You know hardware can understand only d language of binary and users like you and me aap aur hum c understand d language of high level as we will speak English A Tu S Hero 29

1:06:41 English Language Characters Meaning Right Meaning you are different people this is like one person Speaking Van Language Like an In-Person speaking and respect language so if this If both want to communicate can't communicate directly with him what do we need for this we need a Interface The interface will act as you would expect Some Chinese president has come to our country in country india and if our prime The minister wants to communicate with them if both do not have commonality then if there is no language then you see that a The interpreter will be there in the middle, just like you Understand that the operating system also acts like Like in Intermediate

1:07:27 d meaning of interface to operating system What will he do with the complete hardware? will take the control in his hands and it will create a platform it will create a platform I'll call it platform it will provide a platform to users so dat people like you and me people Like you and me we concentrate on ourselves development application development in our We create our own programs, our own languages commands our programs our commands we We will bring the operating system to a high level High level means English language or any other language You will give him the operating system in the language It will convert it into machine language and It will execute on the machine and give us the result Then it will give in high level mode, this is the meaning Action Interface Between Interfaces

1:08:12 programmer and hardware ok this is it d core part then and second part now I let me tell you here when I'm talking the operating system the operating system there is no single program please The operating system is uncollected Also in the programs collection Programs Collection of Programs Collections of Sorry Collection of programs Several programs Operating system will remain Combining the programs we will call Karnal This is a term Karnal Nucleus karnal operating system memory in which the process manager will reside The manager will be the file manager, device manager ScheduleDispatcher WriteInterruptHandler All

1:08:58 together it is called operating system you can see here But the thing you need to understand is that operating the system doesn't want to program it rather A collection of programs dated for Performs different activities and different functions this is the operating system is ok operating system so let's go one more I will tell you the perception through the diagram Operating system today means uninterface Is I am at the lowest level you have hardware we just said processor Memory devices and these depend on the hardware You have the core part of the operating system operating system core core means karnal which I just talked about the process manager memory manager will come device manager will come File manager will come to Karnal is actual

1:09:45 Operating system development is done by actual operating system then operating the system is the core part okay now here Look at you I'll take one here You should also do practicals when your Whenever you are working on Windows or Unix When you are using this operating system So you can learn from the core part of the operating system

1:10:30 you won't interact is it not us I will communicate the process further Unuser of operating system memory manager I will not communicate with us, we are core and Never communicated directly with Karnal we will do another one module which is these Between Operating System Core and Users Generally date is called command interpreter level of interface inside command interpreter You can speak the command interface through the interpreter So here I am going to tell you about this in summary you can call this r level van Interface level and interface, these two levels We will commonly call it interface If you become this then what is the command interface

1:11:16 command interface is date module of operating System Date Module Component Off operating system with which users and Programmers Communicate Operating System right right and example right now I'm having a CLI and JOI Graphical User Interface Command line interface is an example of this So that means every operating system you can take is Unix Get Windows Get Unix or Linux Take this or Mac, any other operating system System Take one for each operating system If there is a user interface then generally we call it literature What is this interface called? Interface level you interface is called user OS Interface User O Series Between User and Operating System User and Operating System User interface and this level wan interface

1:12:02 we'll call it OS hardware interface Why does it work directly on hardware? if it does then we have this method Architecture is the design of the operating system You can take the example of Unix Linux Or Windows or Mac any operating system it will follow this type of architecture Command line interface will be command interface through which the user will communicate like that if it is Windows then it is your son-in-law or Let's say desktop, you are using application desktop Application it is by men of desktop Application only date you submit right date you submit your command han if your command line If there is an interface then your example will come on interface cell we will call the program where

1:12:47 You type in dollars and that too in level van It is an inter level 2 interface What are the examples of command interface Will your Jio i be a desktop or a cell phone? Ok users and programmers han now if programmer-like user command interface will do the desktop will do it But there is a separate one for programmers The interface is what we call a system programmer center face programmer center fresh means if man take it you are doing programming CC plus plus or java key there if you Any operating system service required? Used Unsystem Call Interface or API interface means the operating system will Provide separate interface for its Programs and Users Users Will Not

1:13:35 used this system call interface directly ok user values ​​commands programmers will it be system calls or system calls interface through which they interact with Operating System Services and Operating System core so let's say the interface means So this is gone, you are together, finally what should we say are Operating system and kernel and command The Interface Together Forms the Meaning of interface in d definition meaning of interface okay when we write here the interface between user and hardware to interface I mean, I explained it to you, this is what it means Let's now come to another interface that's different Through perception we can think that we can see that Which operating system can be considered What is a Resource Manager Resource Today? Bhaiya resources are your processor

1:14:22 Memory is ok Input output devices has timers As many hardware resources as you have from software resources such as files The device driver is the right device Dees Roll Software And Hardware The resources of the operating system are limited to it will manage all these resources it will keep right off the track it will keep track of all the dies resources and those thoughts what it is called Resource Manager like we do in any company They say that the campus manager is right he would know will manage all the resources what resources does it have, what resources are free right which resources which process has that it's called called resource manager it is called resource manager control program one and one

1:15:08 Perception is the operating system's users and People say that the operating system like uncontrolled program bhai because it Control all the operations of the computer OK is in date science it's out of control program and we call it system i mean this is computer system it is un soft ware it is un soft ware date manageable computer system data controls the computer system and creates A platform is less of an operating system that is how it will manage the hardware and Create a platform we are creative Environment which will help us Users and programmers to concentrate on and application development means In person view of the control program This consequence is the first definition if From the first definition you will see

1:15:54 Operating System is nothing but a collection of utilities utilities means tools Tools are the tools part of a technician Operating system has its own toolbox If there are any tools then there is a set of utilities process manager memory manager file manager device manager schedule utilities so what should a set of utilities do is the utility state d set of utilities tu Simplify Simplify Our User Programmer Application development means that Operating System Environment Facilitate our work to make it easier This provisioning a platform was

1:16:39 Meaning of operating system

…