Brief Summary
This comprehensive Python course by CodeWithHarry guides learners from basic programming concepts to advanced topics, including AI integration and job search strategies. The course emphasizes hands-on practice through numerous practice sets and projects, including building a Snake, Water, Gun game and an AI chatbot. Key aspects covered include:
- Fundamental programming concepts and Python syntax.
- Object-oriented programming (OOP) principles.
- Advanced Python features and libraries.
- Practical application through projects.
- Job search and career guidance.
Introduction
The course aims to provide a comprehensive Python learning experience, incorporating the latest features, AI applications, and job-oriented skills. It emphasizes practical application through practice sets and projects, including AI-driven applications. The only prerequisite is the learner's commitment of time. The course covers machine learning, AI programs, data science, web development, and general scripting.
Chapter 0 - What is Programming?
Python is presented as an accessible language for beginners, emphasizing its simple, English-like syntax. Programming is defined as communicating with computers through languages like Python, C++, Java, and JavaScript. Python's pseudocode nature makes it easy to understand and use for various applications, including summing numbers, splitting expenses, and creating AI assistants like Jarvis. The course is free and aims to equip learners with job-ready Python skills. Python's features include ease of understanding, short development time, dedicated libraries for AI and machine learning, open-source availability, and portability across operating systems. To begin, Python and VS Code are installed, with an emphasis on adding Python to the system path during installation.
Chapter 1 – Modules, Comments & pip
Python was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991, named after the comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus. The chapter covers modules, comments, and pip. Modules are files containing code written by others, which can be installed using pip, Python's package manager. Examples include Flask for web apps and Django as a framework. The pyjokes module is demonstrated for generating jokes. Python can be used as a calculator by typing "python" in the terminal, opening a Read Evaluate Print Loop (REPL). Comments are used to explain code, with single-line comments starting with '#' and multi-line comments enclosed in triple quotes.
Chapter 1 – Practice Set
The practice set includes writing the "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" poem, printing a table of 5 using REPL, installing and using an external module (PyTTX3 for text-to-speech), and printing the contents of a directory using the OS module with assistance from ChatGPT. The importance of using AI tools like ChatGPT to survive in the AI era is emphasized, but learners are cautioned against over-reliance on AI until they grasp Python's fundamentals.
Chapter 2 – Variables and Datatype
Variables are names given to memory locations, acting as containers for values. Identifiers are names used to identify variables. Python has several data types, including integers, floating-point numbers, strings (denoted by double quotes), booleans (True or False), and None. Rules for naming variables include using alphabets, digits, and underscores, starting with an alphabet or underscore, and avoiding whitespace or special characters. Operators in Python include arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators. Comparison operators always return a boolean value. Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT. The type() function identifies a variable's data type, and type casting converts variables between data types. The input() function takes user input as a string, requiring type conversion for numerical operations.
Chapter 2 – Practice Set
The practice set involves adding two numbers, finding the remainder of a division, checking the type of a variable assigned using the input function, using comparison operators to determine if one variable is greater than another, finding the average of two numbers entered by the user, and calculating the square of a number entered by the user.
Chapter 3 – Strings
Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in single, double, or triple quotes. Strings are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed once created. String slicing extracts parts of a string using indices, with the index starting from 0. Negative indexing counts from the end, starting with -1. The syntax for slicing is string[start:end], where the start index is included, and the end index is excluded. Skip values can be used in slicing to skip characters. String functions include len() to get the length, endswith() and startswith() to check prefixes and suffixes, and capitalize() to capitalize the first character. The find() method finds the index of a substring, and the replace() method replaces occurrences of a substring. Escape sequence characters, like \n for newline and \t for tab, provide special formatting.
Chapter 3 – Practice Set
The practice set includes displaying a user-entered name followed by "Good Afternoon," filling name and date in a letter using string replacement, detecting double spaces in a string, replacing double spaces with single spaces, and formatting a letter using escape sequence characters.
Chapter 4 – Lists and Tuples
Lists are containers for storing values of any data type, defined using square brackets. Lists are mutable, allowing changes to their elements. Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable, defined using parentheses. Key list methods include append() to add elements to the end, sort() to sort the list, reverse() to reverse the list, insert() to add elements at a specific index, pop() to remove elements by index, and remove() to remove a specific value. Tuples support count() and index() methods.
Chapter 4 – Practice Set
The practice set involves storing seven fruits in a list entered by the user, accepting marks of six students and displaying them in sorted order, checking that a tuple type cannot be changed, writing a program to find the sum of a list with four numbers, and writing a program to count the number of zeros in a tuple.
Chapter 5 – Dictionary & Sets
Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs, enclosed in curly brackets. Keys must be unique, while values can be of any data type. Sets are collections of well-defined, unique objects, also enclosed in curly brackets. Dictionaries are unordered, mutable, and indexed, while sets are unordered and do not allow duplicate values. Key dictionary methods include items() to get key-value pairs, keys() to get keys, values() to get values, and update() to merge dictionaries. Sets support operations like union and intersection.
Chapter 5 – Practice Set
The practice set includes creating a dictionary of Hindi words with English translations, inputting eight numbers from the user and displaying unique numbers, checking if Python can have a set with 18 as an integer and 18 as a string, using comparison operators to find out whether a given variable a is greater than b or not, and writing a Python program to find an average of two numbers entered by the user.
Chapter 6 – Conditional Expression
Conditional expressions in Python use if, elif, and else statements to execute code based on conditions. Relational operators (e.g., ==, >, <) and logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) are used to evaluate conditions. The elif clause allows for multiple conditions to be checked sequentially. Comments are used to explain code. The type() function identifies a variable's data type, and type casting converts variables between data types. The input() function takes user input as a string, requiring type conversion for numerical operations.
Chapter 6 – Practice Set
The practice set involves writing a program to find the greatest of four numbers, determining if a student has passed based on total and individual subject marks, checking the type of variable assigned using the input function, and using comparison operators to determine if one variable is greater than another.
Chapter 7 – Loops in Python
Loops in Python are used to repeat a set of statements. The while loop continues executing as long as a condition is true. The for loop iterates through a sequence, such as a list, tuple, or string. The range() function generates a sequence of numbers. The break statement exits a loop, while the continue statement skips the current iteration. The pass statement is a null operation, often used as a placeholder. The enumerate() function provides both the index and value of items in a sequence.
Chapter 7 – Practice Set
The practice set includes writing a program to print the multiplication table of a given number using a for loop, writing a program to greet all persons whose names start with 'S' in a list, redoing the multiplication table program using a while loop, determining if a given number is prime, finding the sum of first n natural numbers using a while loop, and printing a specific star pattern.
Chapter 8 – Functions & Recursions
Functions are groups of statements performing specific tasks, promoting code reusability and organization. The syntax for defining a function involves the def keyword, a function name, parentheses for parameters, and a colon. Functions can have arguments and return values. Default parameter values allow for optional arguments. Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself, often used to solve problems that can be broken down into smaller, self-similar subproblems.
Chapter 8 – Practice Set
The practice set includes writing a function to find the greatest of three numbers, converting Celsius to Fahrenheit using a function, using comparison operators to determine if one variable is greater than another, and writing a Python program to find an average of two numbers entered by the user.
Project 1: Snake, Water, Gun Game
This project involves creating a Snake, Water, Gun game in Python. The computer randomly chooses snake, water, or gun, and the user makes a choice. The program then determines the winner based on the game's rules. The project utilizes conditional statements and random number generation.
Chapter 9 – File I/O
File I/O involves reading from and writing to files. Data in RAM is volatile, disappearing when the program ends, while files provide non-volatile storage. Python uses functions like open() to open files, read() to read content, write() to write content, and close() to close files. Modes for opening files include 'r' for reading, 'w' for writing, and 'a' for appending. The with statement simplifies file handling by automatically closing files.
Chapter 9 – Practice Set
The practice set includes reading text from a file and checking for the word "twinkle," updating a high score in a file, generating multiplication tables and writing them to different files, replacing a word in a file with asterisks, finding the line number where "python" is present in a log file, making a copy of a text file, determining if two files are identical, and wiping out a file's content.
Chapter 10 – Object Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that focuses on creating reusable code through classes and objects. A class is a blueprint for creating objects, defining attributes (variables) and methods (functions). Objects are instances of a class, containing specific data. Class attributes belong to the class itself, while instance attributes belong to individual objects. Methods are functions defined within a class. The self parameter refers to the instance of the class. Static methods do not require an instance and are marked with the @staticmethod decorator. The __init__ method is a constructor that initializes object attributes.
Chapter 10 – Practice Set
The practice set involves creating a Programmer class to store information about programmers, creating a Calculator class with methods for square, cube, and square root, creating a class with a class attribute and exploring how object assignments affect it, and adding a static method to the Calculator class to greet the user.
Chapter 11 – Inheritance & more on OOPs
Inheritance allows creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their attributes and methods. Types of inheritance include single, multiple, and multi-level. The super() method is used to call methods from a parent class. Operator overloading allows customizing the behavior of operators for user-defined classes.
Chapter 11 – Practice Set
The practice set includes creating a 2D vector class and a 3D vector class inheriting from it, creating a Pets class and a Dog class inheriting from Pets, adding a bark method to the Dog class, creating an Employee class and adding salary and increment properties, and writing a program to find the average of two numbers entered by the user.
Project 2: The Perfect Guess
This project involves creating a number guessing game where the computer generates a random number, and the user tries to guess it. The program provides hints like "higher number please" or "lower number please" until the user guesses correctly. The program also tracks and displays the number of attempts taken.
Chapter 12 – Advanced Python 1
This chapter covers advanced Python features, including the walrus operator, type hinting, and logical operators. The walrus operator assigns values to variables within an expression. Type hinting allows specifying the expected data types for variables and function arguments, improving code readability and maintainability.
Chapter 12 – Practice Set
The practice set includes creating virtual environments, writing a program to input name, marks, and phone number of a student and format it using the format function, writing a program to convert a list containing a multiplication table of 7 to a string of the same numbers, and writing a program to display a by b where a and b are integers, if b is 0 display infinite by handling the zero division error.
Chapter 13 – Advanced Python 2
Advanced Python 2 covers list comprehension, enumerate function, and the use of AI tools like ChatGPT for coding assistance. List comprehension provides a concise way to create lists based on existing iterables. The enumerate function simplifies iterating through a sequence while accessing both the index and value.
Chapter 13 – Practice Set
The practice set includes creating virtual environments, writing a program to input name, marks, and phone number of a student and format it using the format function, writing a program to convert a list containing a multiplication table of 7 to a string of the same numbers, and writing a program to display a by b where a and b are integers, if b is 0 display infinite by handling the zero division error.
Mega Project 1: Jarvis
This mega project involves building a virtual assistant named Jarvis. The assistant can respond to voice commands, open websites, play music, and provide news updates. The project utilizes modules like speech_recognition, webbrowser, and pyttsx3. It also integrates with the OpenAI API for more advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Mega Project 2: Auto Reply AI Chatbot
This mega project focuses on creating an AI chatbot that automatically replies to messages. The chatbot analyzes chat history, generates responses using the OpenAI API, and uses pyautogui to interact with the WhatsApp interface. The project demonstrates advanced automation and AI integration techniques.
Conclusion
The course concludes with tips for job searching, including optimizing LinkedIn profiles and sending targeted emails. It also recommends resources for further learning in data science and machine learning. The instructor expresses gratitude and encourages learners to continue exploring Python's capabilities.
