Graham Allison: Unpacking Thucydides's Trap

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簡単な概要

本書では、新興国が既存の支配国を脅かす際に発生する「トゥキディデスの罠」という概念を紹介し、過去500年間の事例を分析しています。米中関係をこの枠組みで考察し、戦争のリスクと平和的解決の可能性を探ります。

  • 新興国と支配国の間の力関係の変動は、紛争のリスクを高める
  • 歴史的な事例から学び、米中間の平和的共存の道を探る必要性
  • 各事例の分析を通じて、紛争を回避するための戦略を考察

トゥキディデスの罠とは

新刊のタイトルと副題にある「トゥキディデスの罠(Thucydides Trap)」という概念について説明しています。トゥキディデスの罠とは、新興国が既存の支配国を脅かす際に、紛争が発生する可能性が高まるという考え方です。過去500年間の歴史を調べた結果、新興国が支配国を脅かした16の事例のうち、12の事例で戦争が起こり、4つの事例では戦争が回避されたことを指摘しています。

米中関係への適用

現在、新興国は中国であり、支配国はアメリカ合衆国であると述べています。過去の事例から、米中が戦争になる可能性は25%と見積もっていますが、状況はより複雑であるとも指摘しています。この研究は統計的なものではなく、政治学や社会科学のためのものでもありません。

力関係の変動

すべての事例において、中心となるのは、より積極的になる新興国と、現状維持を求める支配国の間の力関係です。新興国は、自国の成長と強大化に伴い、より大きな発言権を求めるようになります。一方、支配国は、既存の国際秩序への挑戦とみなし、新興国の成長を支えた環境への感謝を求めます。この力学が、さまざまなニュアンスを伴いながら繰り返されると説明しています。

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文字起こし

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0:00 [Music] so you've got a new book out and uh I like the title des4 but I but I the subtitle I don't like because you use a pretty big word in there and I'm going to need a little help with it it's h it's called destined for work can America and China Escape through so we even put up a website called see who's talking about thusi orities his name is thdi thusi track and THD trap is a big idea what's this trap what is what is THD trap the big idea is that when a rising power threatens to displace a ruling power stuff happens bad stuff uh basically alarm Bell should sound

0:45 extreme danger ahead I look at the last 500 years uh of history and find 16 cases where Rising power threat in said displac a major ruling power 12 of them in in War four of them in not war so the challenges to learn the lessons both of the successes and the mistakes so we've got uh we've got a rising power and the rising power is China that's what we're talking about uh the ruling poers of the United States uh we've got 12 cases in the past in the past 500 years where Rising power and a ruling power have come to war and four cases where they've where they've peacefully War averted so we've got a 25% chance that we'll have World War II sometime in the next well I mean they're basically just on that on that record but I would say it's obviously more comp licated than that so

1:31 this is not a statistical study this is not meant to be political science or social science for the sake of a of a of a sample we are inviting identification of additional cases because every case is interesting because it helps you see some of the additional twists and turns but in every case the central axis is the rising power which becomes more assertive uh very naturally normally wait I'm bigger I'm stronger I deserve more say I deserve more s and the reactions of the ruling power which says well you're challenging the international order you're challenging the status quo you should be grateful for the environment that I built that allowed you to grow up to be bigger and

2:16 stronger so that Dynamic we see over and over with many interesting nuances and that's why the six 16 cases are fascinating as is the first case 2 200 years ago between that and spart

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