Learn English | Reading for Vocabulary | Level C | Lesson 01 | Brian Stuart (미국교과서)

0:00 [Music] hello kids welcome back to reading for vocabulary I'm your host Brian Stewart in this lesson we're starting a new level level sea right and in level sea we're talking about a lot of different subjects we'll talk about science so some lessons will be about science some lessons will be about social studies some lessons will be about health so those are important right of course they're all important fine arts will also be the subject of other lessons Fine Arts like painting and sculpture and artists right math well math is

0:46 interesting we can take a look at some lessons about math and a new subject entertainment so that will be interesting to also something new with level see is that some lessons will have short videos in them so hopefully that will be fun and interesting to look at those so shall we get started with lesson number one you bet let's get going ok number one lesson one we're talking about animals and our subject of course is science right especially biology the study of life so animals we're going to be looking at that the name of the unit is in a land before time actually the name of the lesson in a Land Before Time what does that mean

1:34 well think about it the when was time thought of right human beings invented time so this is like before humans a long time ago the earth is millions and millions and millions of years old humans haven't always been on the earth so what was the earth like what kind of animals lived on the earth before human beings so in this lesson we can learn about dinosaurs from their bones because dinosaurs lived on the earth a long long long long long time before human beings came about okay let's take a look

2:20 here we have a video for you what exactly is a dinosaur you probably know what a dinosaur is right there's many television shows animation shows and movies about dinosaurs right you've probably seen some of those of course a dinosaur is like a big terrible lizard right it looks like like this oh my gosh look at that that's kind of oh my gosh look at that that's a huge dinosaur that's kind of scary isn't it Wow is he gone oh he's still there okay he's gone we got rid of the dinosaur okay dinosaurs were really really scary we're very very lucky that

3:07 there are no more dinosaurs because they're huge sometimes those were huge we'll learn more about dinosaurs in this lesson okay but as we get started of course we need to learn some vocabulary let's take a look the first vocabulary word the definition a hot hot place with a lot of plants so if you think of a hot place there are many plants there what do we call that type of environment we say it is a jungle a jungle and you can think if you go south if you go to Southeast Asia if you go to Vietnam Thailand the Philippines those are very hot places there are many plants there it's they

3:54 have many jungles in those places a hot place with a lot of plants jungle ok next one oh this is the opposite of a jungle right it's very cold there's a lot of snow on the ground but look at what happens when somebody walks across the snow they're making marks so this word is a mark made by a foot right when a person or an animal is walking in the snow in this and in the mud what do they leave behind them they leave behind them a foot print foot print foot print this person is leaving many footprints behind them

4:41 remember footprint is singular Hana right if you say footprint you mean Hanuman if you say footprints you mean ma Nile right many so footprints be careful sometimes students will make that mistake footprint is only one but you can't leave just one footprint unless you're jumping really far right so you leave footprints behind you next one ooh what's this this looks very old as doesn't it this of course is the bone around your brain this is a person's head someone who died a long time ago the only thing that's left is the bone bones last for a long time

5:28 skin hair organs those things dissolve and they go away after somebody dies but the bone stays for a long time so the bone around your brain what do we call this bone we call this bone a skull now that's a little hard to pronounce right SK and ll at the end SK scuff scuff and ll just all so and we have the you skull skull so we say that word as skull now a lot of times when we see this skull we think of death right that's a symbol for death you guys know pirates right the

6:14 pirate flag is a skull and crossbones what that means is they take two bones and they cross them right now I'm not a very good artist but I'll try to make a skull now I'll just make the crossbones I can't really draw a skull am i doing okay yeah seem to be doing all it's kind of like a bone here right so the cross bones so they'll have a flag and they'll have a skull on the top and they'll have crossbones skull and crossbones is a very common flag for pirates if you see a pirate ship they have a black flag and a white skull and crossbones on it so skull is usually associated with death because pirates are bad guys right

7:01 okay for the weather conditions in a certain place so if you're talking about the weather conditions it's hot and sunny or it's cold and snowy how do we one word how do we describe those conditions with one word we say what is the climate like what is V whoops the climate what is the climate like right it's very common if you're talking to a friend you make a friend on the internet or with email through your school a program and you meet a friend in Africa

7:48 and you want to exchange emails with that friend or you meet a friend in Finland and you can ask them what is the climate like in your country the person in Africa will probably say hot and humid the person in Finland will probably say cold and snowy so what are the weather conditions in a certain place okay number five to continue to live if something continues to live they endure they survive right I can't I can't say it without saying the word right survive that's a little difficult word to say remember survive it's two sounds one to survive survive so when

8:38 you put them together survive one more time survive so survive means to continue to live not die so if something doesn't dai it continues to live and this is for individuals but it's also for groups too right of course individuals die all the time but groups of animals might survive for a very long time okay six interesting and the special very interesting very special city very beautiful city right what do we say it's remarkable now this is a long word right REE maar

9:24 bull if you're gonna split it up into sounds you got one two three four so four syllables re maar bull remarkable and you know you remarked you probably put it there to remark you don't have to same are remarkable but you know it depends on how you pronounce it so you can say if you put them all together it sounds remarkable remarkable okay one more time remarkable remarkable interesting and special okay let's move on to neck number seven to keep from being ruined of course if you leave food open to the air it will begin to smell it will go bad but you want to keep it

10:10 from being ruined you want to keep it in its original state or close to its original state what do you do you preserve it preserve so again we have two sounds pre serve now this looks like serve but don't say pre serve say preserve preserve okay and that is a verb to keep something from being ruined to preserve something so you are going to keep it in the original state so it doesn't get old if you want to keep food for a long time you put it in a can you preserve it so you can eat it two months later four months later maybe

10:58 even a year later but even food in a can you can't keep it forever right you got to eat it sometime because it will get ruined after a certain amount of time but you can preserve it for a long time in a can eight well it's a strange-looking animal right what animal is this do you know maybe you learn from history or from lessons in school what's wrong with this pen oh here we go dodo it's a dodo bird have you heard of the dodo bird before the dodo bird oh that's weird the toto bird went extinct and that's our word extinct so when people think of the word extinct it's very common to

11:43 think of the dodo bird it's a very famous bird that died when human beings came to the island where it lived extinct means no longer in existence the human beings killed all the dodo birds and they brought dogs with them the dogs also hunted the birds so in a very short time all the dodo birds went extinct so we can use the word go there's past-tense right to go go extinct the dodo bird went extinct past tense okay no longer in existence is extinct and many animals have become extinct over the history of the earth the Earth's history is very

12:30 very very very long and many animals have gone extinct many types of animals 9 sometimes of course animals will leave evidence that they existed and that evidence is there remains the remains what is left behind the remains of an animal or plant so it's an animal or a plant not just animal but also plants leave remains and you can find them in the rocks usually the animal or plant dies in mud and the mud is compressed under pressure and that mud becomes rock well the imprint the imprint of the animal's body or the plant's body is less

13:15 or made into the rock and these are very neat if you find them what am I talking about I'm talking about fossils it's very cool very neat if you find a fossil in the rock so next time you're in the country next time you're in walking through the mountains or walking through a field and you see some interesting rocks take a look at them see if you can find any fossils who knows maybe you'll find an interesting fossil okay next word this one is to be present in a place this is a picture it looks like Mars of course many scientists have been wondering if water exists on Mars so if water is

14:03 present in a place like water is on Mars then water exists on Mars and of course we now know that at the North Pole and the South Pole you can't see it because the Mars is tilted like this you can't see the South Pole but at the North Pole there's frozen water ice right so there is water water does exist on Mars okay number eleven a small plant with many branches so you these are very common we see these around buildings and in parks people like to grow them because they form like a small wall so you know people don't go over that of course we call it a bush a bush now of

14:52 course these are little bushes a lot of bushes in a line you call a hedge a hedge right and this is like a hedge it's a line of bushes that people will make in a park or near a building to you know like a little small little wall but there's as many bushes a small plant with many branches we call it a bush not a tree right we can say there's like two main types of plants we can see easily one is a tree of course a tree grows very big I got a mushroom cloud here okay that's a tree and then of course you have a little little bush right so a bush and a tree right so we talked about bushes and we talked about trees those

15:37 are the two main types of plants of course you have other types but usually we see trees and bushes number twelve a climbing plant this is another type of plant a climbing plant what does it mean a plant that climbs yes because these branches are long thin that stems right you can see a branch is like a tree branch it's very thick and it's very strong but some plants are very they have arms or branches that are very small and they're very they're not strong you can bend them and we call those stems okay so long thin stems and this is a plant with long thin stems that grow and climb up walls so it's a

16:22 climbing plant we call it a vine so on some very old buildings especially old brick buildings you can see that they're covered with the green plant because the plant is called a vine has grown up and they hook they've got little hooks on the stems and they hook onto the wall and they climb up the wall very nice-looking very neat 13-2 wind together so if you take some dead branches some stems and you wind them together like this what are you doing it's a verb to twist to wind together you can wind plants together you can wind your I'm too old I can't do it you can wind your arms together right you

17:09 can wind rope together you can wind or you can twist many things so you can twist your arms you can twist rope you can twist your hair you can twist something together or to wind it together 14 oh he's having a lot of fun isn't he don't you wish you could have fun like that well you can but don't tell your mom I told you to go out and play in the mud okay wet dirt of course I just said it it's mud and sometimes in Korea forgot where it was I'm not sure the name I'm a little worried if I mispronounce it is Bora Bora young met mud festival is that right yeah in Korea you have a mud festival at bored young bored young she

17:55 or a bored young place I'm not sure but um many people will go there and they'll play in the mud right during the summer it's a nice thing to do it's cool and it's wet so people you know it's kind of like water playing in the water so it's mud and people will play in it people will throw it at each other of course normally don't step in it because if you're wearing nice clothes your mother will get angry if you get mud on your clothes okay next word an animal that lived long ago but is now extinct ah that's one of the words we learned before extinct it doesn't exist any more it's gone it did not survive and of course we saw this animal before right the video that I was scared of

18:40 before that's a scary animal right of course it is a dinosaur it's an animal that lived long ago but is now extinct it doesn't exist anymore because if it did we would be in big danger right there would be too many of them dinosaur dinosaur three work three sounds dinosaur it looks like dinosaur but we say dinosaur dinosaur okay some people can say dinosaur but most comments dinosaur dinosaur okay another word here a place where you can see many important things so if you want to learn about things that existed a long long time ago

19:27 or things that you know exists now but usually they're from history and people will take them and display them in certain buildings what is that building called it's called a museum mu the museum a place where you can see many important things so here we see things from ancient excuse me ancient Egypt right a long time ago we can see the mummies right and you can see mummies in a museum you can see things from your country that existed a long time ago in a museum in natural museums Natural History Museum's we can see animals that existed a long time ago in Natural History Museum's

20:15 okay let's go over exercise here the first exercise has to do with antonyms and to NIM what is an antonym antonym means o let's draw that line here a little bit more slowly antonym means words that have opposite opposite opposite meaning is like pandeiro right pandeiro opposite meaning Antonin so our instruction our direction is match the words in the Box here with their antonyms listed below so these words are the opposite of these words that's we

21:02 have to do we have to match the opposites okay the words are preserved right we learned the word preserve we learned that it was a verb so now it's used with an IDI so it's past tense like preserved they have been preserved next one jungle jungle next one survived survived and last one extinct extinct okay what are the opposites of these words number one is alive what is the opposite meaning of alive something that is not alive anymore it's dead and maybe all of them are dead then we can say extinct if they're

21:49 extinct they're dead they're gone no more but if they're alive they continue to exist okay next one desert what is a desert a desert is a hot place but it has no plants no plants grow in a desert it's just dirt or just sand there's no plants so what's the opposite of a desert we could say it's a jungle because a jungle has many many plants there's a lot of water in the jungle there is no water in the desert are very little water in the desert three died so let's a sad word right die so what's the opposite of die if

22:36 something dies right it doesn't what it doesn't survive any longer it's not alive right by the way Diana live those are also antonyms aren't they die and survive are also antonyms okay the last one here ruined if something is ruined it's been spoiled it has changed from its original condition but if you keep something in the original condition it doesn't change you have preserved it it's not ruined it is preserved it's not ruined it's preserved okay so those are the antonyms the opposite meaning of these words now our next exercise is talking about

23:22 synonyms right before we talked about antonyms now we're going to talk about synonyms what is synonyms mean synonym is same the same meaning so a cinnamon is a word are two words that have the same or similar beast and ale right maybe not doctor tale but be stunned ale okay so maybe not exactly the same but similar meanings okay same meanings match the words in the box with their synonyms listed below so these words in the box we need to match them with the word that has the same or similar meaning similar so say

24:08 or similar meaning okay let's look at the words in the Box first we have skull skull next word footprints footprints the next word is remarkable remarkable the next one is climate climate okay now we have to match these words in the box to the same or similar meanings of these words here the first word is amazing amazing it's really amazing it amazes you it impresses you it's really exceptional what do we say is a similar meaning we would say of course remarkable remarkable is similar

24:56 to amazing if you think wow that's amazing it is remarkable okay this similar meaning number two is head okay so head not the same meaning but similar meaning forehead what's in your head right what does that bone there we could say it's the skull so skull isn't the same as head but it is similar similar skull and head are similar three weather so we're talking about the weather in a certain place especially we're talking about what what word has to do with weather of course this word means weather climate so climate weather is climate oh yeah the last one is marks

25:43 now when we learn this word in the vocabulary we said marks that are left by feet right if somebody's walking along especially in the snow or the sand they leave marks in the snow or the sand what do we call those marks we call those marks yogeeta right here footprints all right sorry you'll get down yeah we call them footprints okay so marks are footprints that we leave behind us by our feet okay well that wraps up the vocabulary section we're going to take a short break here we'll come back and look at the reading so don't go away okay let's go over the reading together as you know we're talking about

26:29 dinosaurs in this unit so this reading will be talking about dinosaurs of course like I said dinosaurs lived a long long time ago in a land before time before human beings started recording time or recording history so what was the earth like 200 million years ago 200 million years I can't even think about that that's too much but it's really interesting 200 million years ago how many zeroes is that that's 200 then we have million oh my gosh look at how many

27:17 zeroes I'm writing 200 million years ago it's a long time especially think about this human beings our ancestors humans have only been on the earth for 200,000 years about 200,000 years so 200,000 years that's even too much for me to think about can you think about that that's a long time it's even hard for us to think about a thousand years we kind of can because we know what happened a thousand years ago two thousand years ago three thousand years ago we don't know much 4000 no 200,000 we have no

28:02 idea 200 million that's that's really long it's almost impossible to think about how long ago that was we just know it's a really really long time ago well 200 million years ago what was the earth like a long long long long time before human beings were on the earth well the earth had warm weather the weather was warm and there was plenty of rain so sounds it sounds good right it's warm maybe not a lot of snow but there's a lot of rain a lot of rain came down of course when it's warm and there's a lot of rain what happens you get tall trees thick

28:47 bushes and twisting vines grow so warm weather lots of rain a lot of different plants will grow in these jungles because remember warmer hot with a lot of plants that's a jungle so there were many jungles on earth 200 million years ago in these jungles remarkable creatures appeared okay so in these jungles of course the remarkable creatures were talking about are these and we'll see that on the next slide but in these jungles remarkable creatures could grow they had a lot of plants to eat for about 150 million years dinosaurs dinosaurs were the remarkable

29:35 creatures they were amazing creatures as we will see in this reading passage so for about 150 million years dinosaurs ruled the earth let's just go do the reading real quick some of these four-legged animals were 17 meters tall they could eat the leaves off the top of a tree the heaviest dinosaurs weighed as much as 20 elephants others however were no bigger than chickens right small so what we see here is that 150 million years ago right so about 200 million years ago this is what the earth was like during about 50 million years

30:23 dinosaurs started to appear and there were many different creatures many of them were four-legged they had four legs as we can see here four legs four legs four like this one you can't see it only had two legs that Tyrannosaurus Rex the other two legs were like arms and some of them had claws on there that were very dangerous so some dinosaurs had too late but many dinosaurs had four legs four-legged animals 17 metres tall oh my gosh that's so high right that's like a building that's these creatures here they were so tall so they could reach the leaves on the tops of the trees and eat them so they were very tall

31:11 dinosaurs there were very heavy dinosaurs you say Mugu all right moooo moo moo gua you could these dinosaurs were so heavy they weighed as much as 20 elephants so these dinosaurs their weight was the same as 20 elephants think about an elephant oh that's a really heavy animal now think about 20 elephants and that's one big dinosaur okay that's amazing that's very remarkable others however knows it says the heaviest dinosaurs but others other dinosaurs weren't so heavy they were no bigger than chickens so a lot of people don't realize that but in

31:57 this time you know we think about dinosaurs as being really big and terrible and scary but there are also many dinosaurs that were very small and there were many of them and they would be running around also of course we don't think about them because they're so small we are more impressed by the big dinosaurs but it's also important to remember that many dinosaurs were also very small okay maybe you've heard of them we call them dinosaurs of course that's what I've been calling them already in this reading this is just kind of so the beginning of this reading passage was just kind of defining what dinosaurs were and when they lived so 200 million years ago and then for about 150 million

32:43 years they lived they ruled the earth it means they were the the biggest creatures they were the dominant species on the earth okay we call them dinosaurs now we see what they are no one has ever seen a living dinosaur of course like a said that was a long long time ago millions of years before human beings came about so if we never saw a dinosaur how do we know they existed the answer is fossils fossils are dinosaur bones that we find in the ground that's very interesting you know a long time ago when human beings were running around you know they didn't really know where they came from

33:29 or what was how old the earth was sometimes people would find these really big bones in the ground so what is that is it a giant right are they what what where did these bones come from well science has investigated these this evidence you know what are these bones where did they come from those are the fossil remains from these very remarkable creatures that lived so long ago nobody remembers them nobody ever even saw them so so let's start here no one has ever seen a living dinosaur how do we know they existed of course the answer is fossils fossils are dinosaur bones that we find in the ground dinosaur bones you know the long time ago the ground is building up over

34:15 them so they're underground we find them in the ground these fossils can show us what dinosaurs looked like a dinosaur skull tells us what their head looked like to see what shape their bodies were scientists put their bones back together okay so what is this passage telling us here this passage is telling us that the fossils these fossils they're referring back to the bones the fossils are the bones they can show us what dinosaurs looked like because a dinosaur skull right can show you what the shape of the head remember before we saw the human skull we can kind of guess what the human head looked

35:01 like right on top of the skull we can see where the eyes were where the nose was where the mouth was so we can do the same thing with the dinosaur skull we can see Wow big mouth big teeth the eyes were here the No was here what did it look like we can see that if we look at this skull to see what shape their bodies were right scientists put their bones back together so it's very lucky if a scientist or somebody finds the bones from a whole dinosaur and they can get those bones at the same place and put them all together back together then you get something like this it's the skeleton we call that the skeleton a skeleton is the full

35:50 assembly of all the bones in a body that's the skeleton you put them back together now you have this skeleton of the dinosaur now what else can we find out from dinosaurs we have their bones we have their skulls skulls are a type of bone so we can figure out what they look like but scientists can also find other things dinosaur footprints and teeth were also preserved or saved in the mud they walked in footprints can show us how they moved and ran their teeth tell us about what they ate so what happened to all of the dinosaurs how did they become extinct let's break

36:39 this down into two parts this part here and then the second part this is the other thing that scientists can use to find out what dinosaurs were like a long time ago remember nobody ever saw a dinosaur but we can look at the footprints if we see footprints that were saved in the mud right think about this a hundred and twenty million years ago a dinosaur is walking along steps in the mud it leaves a footprint then that footprint is not washed away maybe it's filled with sand or something else and then a lot of pressures put on top of it and that footprint is preserved and a long time ago a long time after with that we can find those footprints in the

37:25 rock that's made from the mud so it's preserved this interesting we're also preserved or saved or saved sometimes you see that a word and then a comma and then a comma sometimes you define what does that word mean like this preserved or saved saved means preserved so sometimes you can find the definition of a word the writer will put the definition of a word right after it especially if it's a long word like preserved or a difficult word preserved or saved in the mud so footprints and teeth right footprints can show us how they moved and ran so by studying the footprint right and of

38:11 course you have many footprints you can see how far they could stretch their legs how did they walk or if they ran how did they run okay that's very interesting we can figure that out by looking at the footprints teeth if you find teeth and teeth are like bones right they're made of the same hard substance teeth tell us about what they ate think about that if the teeth if the tooth that they find is like this and it's very sharp what does that tell you that tells you the dinosaur probably ate meat because a tooth like that will cut flesh and and skin but if the tooth was like this right came up like this and was like that you know okay I'm not a

38:58 very good artist but the tooth looked like that it was flat on top that tells you the dinosaur or the animal probably ate plants right and it needed teeth like that to crush the plants okay so meat-eater plant eater the teeth can show us can tell us about what they ate so we can find out a lot of things from the evidence from the remains of dinosaurs that have been left behind okay now after this we kind of changed subject a little bit so what happened to all of the dinosaurs that means we can find all this evidence of the dinosaurs but they're extinct they're no longer here so a question is what

39:43 and where'd they go right did they all get in the spaceship and go to another planet no how did they become extinct how did they disappear why did not why did not why didn't they survive why didn't the dinosaurs survive well that's the next part let's read it together many people think the dinosaurs all died when the Earth's climate changed the planet became colder and the dinosaurs couldn't survive today they may be extinct but movies television and museums are keeping dinosaurs alive in our minds ok so what does this say here there are many theories about why the dinosaurs died out we don't know for

40:31 sure right there are many theories a theory is an idea or a guess many people one theory is that the dinosaurs died when the Earth's climate changed remember climate means weather at the beginning of this passage they were talking about what was the earth like 200 million years ago it was warm it rained a lot well as we know climates change on the earth the Earth's climate changes over time sometimes it gets warm and hot sometimes there's a lot of rain sometimes there's no rain sometimes it gets cold sometimes in the Earth's history the earth has just been a like a

41:16 big snowball covered in ice ok so that has also happened to the earth in its history so the Earth's climate is always changing if the Earth's climate changed from warm wet lots of rain to maybe really cold with lots of ice the dinosaurs couldn't survive they all died out that's one idea another idea not here is that an asteroid came and hit the earth and it caused such destruction that the dinosaurs died that's another theory we don't know for sure we can only guess based on the other it's the planet well in this theory if the climate change the planet became colder and the dinosaurs couldn't survive they couldn't live they couldn't

42:03 continue to live today they may be extinct but that's interesting because we know that birds actually are descendants from dinosaurs so there really are dinosaurs still on earth they're called birds birds are the ones that survived but movies okay so and this says today they may be extinct maybe they're extinct right but movies television and museums are keeping dinosaurs alive in our minds what does that mean it means yeah dinosaurs may be gone they're all dead but we can still think about dinosaurs they can live in our imagination they can live in our minds because we can see movies about them we can read books about them and we can go to the museums

42:51 and see what they look like so that's very interesting you can keep something alive in your mind if you think about it even though they're dead they're gone they can still live on in your mind interesting ok let's go over the comprehension questions again number one this story is about what is this story about so think about what's the the subject that the entire story is about not just a little detail but what is the overall topic of the passage is it about the jungle no we talked about the jungle just a little bit so it's not the whole story was not about the jungle was the story about 200 million years ago that's when the story started right but it was

43:36 also about you know 150 million years ago and also for a very long time dinosaurs ruled the earth so it's not just 200 million years ago says that's not the main subject of the passage see dinosaurs hey this subject was this story was about dinosaurs wasn't it that's the right answer because the story started a long time ago when dinosaurs appeared it talked about what how big they were how tall they were how they were how do we know that they existed what their remains were the fossils the bones the teeth the footprints and a little bit about why they died out or what was the reason that they went extinct and even though

44:24 they're extinct they still live in our minds all of that information is about dinosaurs so this story is about dinosaurs just looking at D is a story about fossils no because fossils was a part of the story sure but we also talked about footprints we talked about teeth we talked about many other things than fossils the main subject of this story was dinosaurs okay number two remember we talked about dinosaurs yeah they were really tall some of them were very heavy right some dinosaurs were so tall they could do what so tall they could and remember we use so tall so hot so cold they could or they could do

45:13 something they were so tall they could do what they were so tall they could eat 20 elephants it doesn't matter how tall something is that doesn't tell you how much they could eat right so that doesn't make sense be they could make footprints in the mud well that doesn't make sense either because it doesn't matter if an animal is tall or short they all leave footprints in the mud so that doesn't make sense they were so tall they could survive a cold climate again it doesn't matter if an animals tall are small and it's very cold that doesn't help them just being tall doesn't help you a survive a cold climate our being short right it probably depends more on what kind of

45:58 fur or what kind of temperature your body has to be at so that doesn't make sense either it's got to be Dean we're so tall they could eat the leaves off the top of a tree that's the only one that makes sense right because a tree is very tall if you want to eat the leaves on the top of a tree you have to be tall so that's the only one that makes sense some dinosaurs were so tall they could eat the leaves off the top of the tree and that is our answer eat the leaves off the top of a tree because the tree is very tall and you have to be very tall to eat those leaves ok moving on to number three the sentence is dinosaurs are extinct but they'd be right where they do a still

46:45 survive well be careful with this because you know I know the sentence said they still survive you know in our imagination but if you just say they still survive that means they actually still survive you can go out and see them but thank goodness they can't write so that's not correct dinosaurs are extinct but they still survived in fact that doesn't make any sense because if something is extinct it's not surviving anymore that contradicts each other okay so extinct and still survive contradict each other it doesn't make sense be dinosaurs are extinct but they still eat leaves off tall trees well that also doesn't make sense because

47:31 they're extinct if they're gone how can they still eat leaves off trees they're dead they're not around so that doesn't make sense either see but they live in our minds okay we saw that in the passage right we saw that even though dinosaurs are extinct we can still think about them right because we see them in television we see them in movies we can read about them in books we can go to museums and see them are their bones right so this is a right answer they're extinct but they live in our minds that's the right answer well about D dinosaurs are extinct but they will come back I don't think so right that's kind

48:20 of silly there's no there's no guarantee the dinosaurs will come back I mean maybe you know if human beings are stupid and they kill each other in a nuclear war we hope that doesn't have and maybe millions of years from now new life forms looking like dinosaurs will come back but that's you know that's fantastic that's very small chance we can't imagine that and it's very very unlikely I hope it's very very unlikely so that's not a good answer the passage said dinosaurs are extinct but they still live in our minds in television and museums and in books ok so they can still live in our minds and that's an interesting idea we talked about number four dinosaur

49:05 beep and beep huh ok that's a little hard to figure out right let's look at the answers dinosaur beep and beep were preserved in the mud so what was preserved in the mud from dinosaurs dinosaur bones and skin bones and skin well bones were preserved but what about skin the passage didn't say anything about dinosaur skin being preserved in the mud so we can't choose that one what about dinosaur skulls and claws were preserved in the mud well we heard that skulls were preserved but did we hear anything about claws the passage did not mention claws at all claws by the way of course our animal fingernails right that

49:53 are very strong and that can you know scratch something if you have a dog you know the dog has claws if you have a cat you know the cat has very sharp claws ok so but the passage didn't say anything about claws so we can't choose me dinosaur teeth and footprints were preserved in the mud aha this passage did talk about teeth it did talk about footprints it said that those things were preserved in the mud so that is the right answer what about dinosaur eggs and eyeballs ooh yeah doctor all right well it didn't say anything about eggs or eyeballs in the story I would have remembered that you would have remembered that so no D is not the right answer

50:38 so see dinosaur teeth and footprints were preserved in the mud that is the correct answer okay let's do a little review again oh there's our scary guy again Aaron our dinosaur right but don't worry it's just a model it's not real they're extinct we don't have to worry okay so what can we say about dinosaurs we learned a lot of interesting things first of all when did dinosaurs live for about 150 million years that's a long time right it's very difficult to think about that time period dinosaurs ruled the earth it means they existed during that time in fact they were the biggest and the most successful creatures on the

51:27 earth for 150 million years by the way that's something that they have over us human beings have only ruled the earth for about a couple hundred thousand years right dinosaurs 150 million years that's a really long time oh yeah what else can we say about dinosaurs fossils are dinosaur bones that we find in the ground so the bones of the dinosaurs that were put in the ground and some of them turned to rock those are fossils that we can find in the ground they tell us about the dinosaurs and that they had lived a long time ago even though we don't remember them finally another thing about dinosaurs footprints can show us how they moved and ran so when

52:15 they were walking they left footprints in the mud that shows us how they moved and how they ran so even though dinosaurs are long long long gone we can still find evidence of them we can find their bones we can find their footprints we can find teeth from the dinosaurs and those things tell us a lot about the dinosaurs how long they lived what did they eat how did they move about okay there's still a lot of things we don't know about dinosaurs because of course no human being has ever seen a dinosaur and it's been such a long long time since the time the dinosaurs died and human beings started to come about so we all that we can do is look at the

53:01 evidence the fossils and other things but it's very fascinating it's very interesting to think about these amazing remarkable creatures that live for so so long on the earth and even though they're dead we can still think about them and they live on in our minds okay well that wraps it up for this lesson we'll see you again next time take care everybody