0:00 Hello everyone, welcome to another History summary here on the PE channel. Today we are going to talk about a subject that was requested a lot by you: the English colonization in North America. The Thirteen English colonies, the current United States. Today I am going to talk more about the colonization process and then in a next class we are going to talk about Independence. This class is very important for us to understand what led the United States to become an Independent country in 1776. Also, since I am doing a history summary, I am using a sweatshirt from my collection with a store
0:45 that respects my history. So if you want a sweatshirt like mine, I will leave the link below for you to buy it. I will also ask you before I start the video. If this video helps you, please share it because it helps me a lot. CRE, the sudden. What date will there be without electricity? Okay, guys, so let's start with the English colonization in North America. The Thirteen Colonies. Let's understand what the context of England is, how England was at the time this colonization was taking place. maritime expansion, right? Spain and Portugal were expanding not only to the Indies, the net of the East, but also here to South America through Central America. So what
1:32 happened, guys? Spain and Portugal, thank you for a long time, they made several treaties, including the Treaty of Tordesillas, which basically divided America between the two, but guys, Spain's interest in Portugal was that the entire American continent was divided. Their interest is in South America and Central America. Vehicles, and I'll leave the map here, right? So you can differentiate between North America, Central America, and South America. So Portugal's interest in Spain and the chin down of America, because guys, we agreed, right? They arrived here in South America and found gold and silver because of our tropical climate, right? Here it was very good to do with you. So sugar cane, brazilwood, coffee later, not so much. They liked
2:17 this region very much. They found a lot of wealth here, so they stayed here. Portugal and Spain were not interested in North America, mainly because of their climate, right? Which is a faster climate, so North America. Kind of was the rest, right? It ended. left for England and France because England and France arrived late and started this thing of trying to divide the world between them because of the political stability that these countries were experiencing at the time of maritime expansion, they ended up being left out for a while and when it happened, France and England were left with only North America, so much so that Canada, right? There is a part that speaks French precisely because of the colonization of the French in North America. But what skills were happening there in England? First, we can think from a
3:03 religious point of view because I don't know if you remember, but there was the Protestant Reformation there in England, the creation of the Anglican Church by King Henry the Eighth. That king who had a lot of wives killed all his wives and created a new religion just so he could get a divorce. And so when the Protestant Reformation happened, this unity of the Catholic Church was broken, right? It was threatened. So there was the Reformation, right, which was the Catholic Church trying to regain its power, but many Protestant religions emerged, right: Lutheranism, Calvinism, the Puritans, the Aglicans themselves, four of them. So in England now I had several Protestant religions, but The official religion was Anglicanism and remembering that the people who are not part of it are in this religion, the head of the
3:49 church is the king or queen, in this case, so religious persecution even began for those who were not Anglicans, so one of the reasons why many people moved to America was religious persecution. So the Protestants, right? They went en masse to America to escape this persecution, which is why here in South America and Central America, we have this very strong Catholic tradition, and there in North America, they have a stronger Protestant tradition than Catholic, and also that it was only happening in England, the process of enclosure of the Fields, which basically was, right, when the state transformed the communal lands, right, the Free lands into private lands and expelled the Peasants who lived and cultivated on those lands. It was also
4:37 one of the factors of the Industrial Revolution that would also happen in England in 1760, and also because of this rural exodus, right, of all the people who went to live in the city, and even more so after the Industrial Revolution, when the population began to increase considerably, the cities began to become very large, with several urban problems, right, with several people who Many people who were going through bad conditions and did not have a working life were satisfied, so in many ways and I will talk about this later in these one, people in many ways America, right, going to America became a synonym for hope, right, it became an alternative, there people who believed they would have a better life, but ok How did this colonization process begin? The first queen who encouraged people to go to America was Elizabeth the
5:23 First, who was also the daughter of Henry the Eighth, the guy who created the Anglican church, there Elizabeth began to encourage people to go to Infraamerica precisely to see if there was arable land, right, exploitable land, to set up some colonies, right, there will be settlements that could explore that region, so between 1584 and 1587 there were the first English expeditions that I went to North America, the current United States, where they ended up founding the region that is today a state of Virginia because Virginia was a tribute to Queen Elizabeth the First, her life as a virgin queen because she never married. So the states, right, the name of the states of the United States, states makes a lot of sense, they
6:08 have all There's a story and I even found it very interesting because the English didn't have any creativity when it came to naming things, they liked to name people, so there's Carolina, right, which ended up becoming North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, or they simply took names from England and put them there, so in England, for example, in the York region, the region of lowering the Orleans region, they decided to make New Orleans, New York, the same thing as me, going to another country and they talked about founding a city called Nova Belo Horizonte, so I find it quite interesting and these people who started by establishing some colonies, right, but the Colonial control itself, right, the control of England, will only happen later, there's a The land was in a complicated moment in
6:54 its life and another important thing that I'll repeat later here, England had a Navy that was the best in the world, the great ones are in the naval issue, because guys, England is an island, right, so they were very good at navigation and Queen Elizabeth the First herself had already encouraged navigation in the naval industry and also the pirates, right guys, so why are Pirates of the Caribbean in that movie because the place where the pirates acted It was on these Caribbean islands that pirates were people who went by ship to plunder, steal other ships, steal goods and everything else. So, there was a great incentive from the crown for this type of legal or illegal trade, and also for the development of the Navy. So, everything contributed to the
7:39 arrival of the English in the United States. It was n't so much about persecution as poverty, as his godmother was already good, anyway, but the most important expedition that happened in 1620 is that you have to remember. You don't need to remember the year, but you need to remember the name. It was the Expedition that came with the Mayflower ship and they became known as the Pilgrim Fathers. Hi, and what was this expedition, guys? Basically, there were several Puritans, right? Several Protestants who left England for America to set up a colony, to set up a settlement. These people who were on board this Mayflower ship are considered, right? They are called the Pilgrim Fathers because a whole mythology was created that they were the ones who founded the United States and that they originated this entire civilization. We'll
8:26 criticize that in a little while. They founded a region called New England. I'm talking about people. There's no creativity with the name. No people to give credit to They really were an act of great courage because they came literally with nothing to found a town from scratch, right? This is something that the advertisements that showed America as a Magical Land of Opportunities didn't count on, right? But they really went through a lot of hardship because they came here from nothing, right? To set up the town, they went through a lot of difficulties, even there, of adaptation. So let's give them credit because the union of these pilgrims there was because of religion, right? They managed to stay united and finally the Thanksgiving holiday occurred precisely because of this, right? I don't know if you know or have heard of Given tennis, right? Thanksgiving
9:12 is a holiday in the United States where they give thanks for the good things that happened to them and eat turkey. And the origin of Thanksgiving is precisely a dinner that these pilgrim fathers, a Great Banquet that these pilgrim fathers made to celebrate the harvest, right? To give thanks that after a long time going through hardships, a harvest was successful and they wouldn't go hungry. They even say that Indians will participate in this dinner there wearing Given tennis shoes, right? So it was a moment of unity. between the Indians and the Pilgrim Fathers, but what we have to criticize, okay? I really like it, the editor is going to put here an excerpt from the Addams Family movie where Amandinha is going to perform a play showing Thanksgiving Day and she shows the Indians being
9:58 attacked precisely because it will be and today, right? The historians are criticizing how the memory of Thanksgiving Day was modified, right? Because it wasn't exactly like that. It wasn't a super peaceful thing. The Indians and the Pilgrims were there together, happy friends forever. There wasn't a very big conflict. It's between the Native Americans and the English who were arriving, but we'll talk about that in a little while. Before that, wait. We can't share bread with you. And what are you watching? Wii. You took the land that is rightfully ours. In many years, my people will be forced to live in mobile homes on reservations. Your people will wear cardigans and drink whiskey. We'll see bracelets on the
10:46 side of the road. You'll play golf and enjoy the degradation of my people. Your people will have gearshifts. The gods of my tribe said, they said. to no longer trust the pilgrims and from then on, people from these First Colonies, more English people will start going to the United States and the English Crown will even encourage these people through the creation of trading companies. Rejane, who was the king who came after Queen Elizabeth, created two trading companies to encourage people to go to America. What are the trading companies? They were basically companies focused on bringing people goods to America. These companies, the
11:33 trading companies, belonged to the bourgeoisie, right? Members of the English bourgeoisie. What did these people do? These trading companies? They started to do to take a lot of people because, remember, they profited from transporting people and goods from America. So they wanted, not only for people to go, but also for people to stay there to generate trade so they could go back and forth, transporting goods. Because these trading companies will encourage people to go to America, first by promoting America as a land of opportunity, as a great place to start your life over again and have more opportunities. So they did this. precisely to attract the poorest population, these people, as I mentioned at the beginning of the summary, had lost their lands to enclosures, they
12:20 were not happy living in the cities, so these bourgeoisie from the trading companies offered these poorest people trips. The people were poor and had no way of paying because, if today it is already expensive for us to travel to Europe, imagine at the time when it was a trip by ship that really took us there. So what did these guys do? They offered the trip, but the person, to pay the price of the trip, had to work for years without receiving anything. It was debt bondage. And it gives a person, right? She earned the ticket. But she arrived in America already in debt and spent years working with these trading companies to be able to pay the price of her ticket. This was debt bondage, right? Of these people who accepted the trip
13:05 and worked for years to be able to pay their ticket, there was also voluntary servitude, right? Which is a very delicate way of saying that many people who came to America, who were brought to America, were kidnapped children, women who were auctioned off by their husbands and prisoners. So there were many people who were brought the strength to the goal to be able to work there, right? The new plantations of these new businesses and in these new lands, there, in these new colonies that were founded. So let's think, people. The colonization of America pleased everyone, but not all the factors were present. First, the interest of the Queen of Kings of the English Crown, right? In conquering new lands, in having more space to set up herding and
13:50 planting, etc. The interest of the bourgeoisie, who was profiting not only from the lands, which many bourgeoisie did not own land there in America, but also from transporting people, transporting goods. The English Navy, which is already good, right? So it came in handy, since they were very good at navigation and also the population, which was poor, was looking for an opportunity. Or the Religious who were persecuted and needed to leave England, so they combined business with pleasure, everyone came out a winner, except for the people who remained as servants for several years, right? So, people, the colonization of America by the English was a project that had interest, time, government investment and also that pleased the English bourgeoisie. But now, let's leave something very important that can fall in
14:36 your test, the other populations and all the people who were treated because this is often not remembered by the Americans, right? Along with these English, many people also came from other parts of Europe, right? Many French, Germans, Scots, Dutch. Many people from other countries also went to America, so much so that people in the state of New York before being called New York were called New Amsterdam, right? But it's not the capital of Holland. And according to the law, these people who came from Europe also have the natives, right? The indigenous people of America who were there when the Europeans arrived, and also the enslaved Africans, the enslaved people who were brought to America. And what is the question that I want to bring up that may be on your test? These people are not included, right? They
15:22 were not included in this Imagination, right? In this beautiful fable, in this beautiful little story, and in the United States, about how their country was taught, right? What I'm telling you is the criticism that is made today about, for example, the origin of Thanksgiving, right? That it wasn't that peaceful, the relationship between the indigenous people and the pilgrims who were not the only ones who founded what is now the United States So these other populations were excluded from the history that entered into history were called WESP Or if you want to produce VASP and if you see this acronym you need to remember what it means it is an acronym in English that means White Anglo-Saxon and Protestant Anglo-Saxon is that it comes from the region in Great Britain White Are the
16:09 people with white skin, right and Protestant Why does this acronym mean, right, that means that only the BASP, right, only the white Anglo-Saxons and Protestants ended up entering into history with the founders of North America of the United States these other populations the indigenous people and the enslaved Africans the Izolan since the other Europeans were all excluded But also in order to appropriate the memory of colonization by these basics they appropriated there this memory of how the nation was born and to this day and they remain in the imagination of the people of the United States according to this we eat, right, my beautiful that is told does not correspond entirely to reality is many People who participated in this process were
16:54 excluded from history, so if you see the ASP on your test, remember that, you've won. These people are the VASP, they entered history, but they are the only ones remembered as the founders of the Nation, when in fact it wasn't quite like that, right? No. It was just them. And also since I spoke about the natives, right? Of the native inhabitants, let's talk about the indigenous issue. I'm going to talk about it very seriously because this will be more important when we see the independence of the United States. You know, basically, people, as it happened throughout the Americas, right? When the Europeans arrived, right? And they thought it was something new, but in fact it wasn't, because we've always had here with the active indigenous people who were inhabiting the continent, right? And there's a difference between here in South America, Central America, and in North America. Here, the active indigenous people
17:42 were never integrated into the colonization. Here in Brazil, right? There was a process of miscegenation, many legends that they were even raped and everything else. It's that many Portuguese who got together with these women formed a family. Indigenous peoples were more there in North America. This miscegenation was very little, it wasn't encouraged. They didn't want it, right? mix with the indigenous people and also when they started to do projects there, right, for the lands and everything else of the population, the indigenous people were not considered, given that the indigenous people who live in the United States were only considered American citizens, they are less than 100 years old. This is something very recent, so they were always excluded there by the English and people, don't be fooled, they resisted bravely
18:28 and the domination of the Europeans when the Europeans arrived, the indigenous people were already well organized, right? Many communities, many ethnic groups, anyway, and they didn't want it, it's not obvious, they didn't want the Europeans to arrive there and dominate their lands and steal their lands, many tribes until they started trading with the English, but in many cases there was violent conflict, right? So the indigenous people attacked the English. They didn't want it. If these conflicts happened, they ended in an agreement. So at the beginning of colonization, there were many land demarcation agreements. Indigenous reservations began to appear, or one of the sides won, and usually, the Europeans, with their firearms and also with the diseases they brought, ended up killing many indigenous people. So
19:14 even with the resistance of the indigenous people The indigenous people will end up being massacred, so much so that even today in the United States there are far fewer natives than, for example, here in Brazil, so much so that we will see if in the next summary when we talk about Independence. Hi, who are you? But they had prizes that they gave money to people who killed more indigenous people. So it was really a massacre, not only because of diseases, but it was also a physical genocide, of ideas. An endless battle. So the situation of the indigenous people, like the Europeans, the Native Americans with the Europeans, was never completely friendly. In some cases, there could even be trade, but if they simply arrived and decided to take over, the Earth is theirs. And they tried everything they could. But I will talk little about this indigenous situation because it will be
20:00 more important in our next summary about the independence of the United States. Okay, so now I will talk about the thirteen colonies. Well, with you, the English were coming and founding colonies, right? North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and New England. Virginia, so they started to found some colonies. And in this case, right? There were just a few, there were 13. 13 English colonies. right, that were founded by the English or taken by them and whoever, since the beginning of colonization, the colonies were very different in themselves, if they were in a way independent, separated, even though they had to answer to England, there were some legends of the English Crown, I had to pay taxes to the English Crown since the beginning of colonization,
20:47 they had autonomy, which today is called salutary negligence, so if you see it, if you don't remember the name, if you see it written on it, it's a solo emergency, that's it, salutary negligence was a political abandonment, of England's negligence towards the colonies, especially when they wanted independence, so that they didn't want to separate from England, right, many times they went, it's not since the beginning of their colonization, autonomy to have their own policy and to regulate themselves, to organize themselves in the way they want, to return to their laws, their businesses, so since the thirteen English colonies did not bring much commercial interest to England because there was no silver there, right? And then we are living in the era of Mercantilism, so
21:33 England's interest was different, they were kind of not interested in the English colonies, so they will be able to govern themselves so much that today the country is called the United States United States because until today, right, the states of the United States have a certain autonomy, right, in some states there is a lot of death, others do not in some states, for example, it could be this text in others, not So since always, right, since colonization, the states, even when they were colonies, had autonomy from each other, each colony, each place had its own interests and to make its own policy and even because people Gomes or in England I was going through a moment of instability so even when England tried to establish
22:18 greater control, the colonies disobeyed, simple as that and so for us to understand more about the times in colonies we will divide them between the colonies of the O and the colonies of the South this is very important because people, the North and the South that today we call the United States have always been and still are very different and they will fight in the future they will fight So it is important that we understand each other's characteristics because when I explain to you the difference between the others you will understand why they will fight first the colonies of the South they have a different climate, right? A subtropical climate and because of this different climate, this subtropical climate was not only good for planting, right? The lands were
23:04 more fertile, but it was also possible to plant things there that could not be planted in England. So Sueli will be colonized in a more mercantilist way because while in the north it was colder and it was not possible to plant properly, so England had no percent, right? So the south was profitable for England. So in the south, the plantation system began to develop, right? It was the Serras latifundium, the only owner who produced a lot. However, it is not a single agricultural genre for export, so it was the monoculture for export, especially cotton plantations, so much so that if you watch any film that deals with the Colonial era of slavery in the United States, it will show slaves on
23:50 cotton plantations. Cotton was a very strong monoculture in the southern United States and if I'm not mistaken, it is still to this day. Because of these plants, the bone soil will become a slave system. There will be many slaves. They will import a lot of slave labor and many people. enslaved to work on these cotton plantations and this will be a source of trouble because the North, go ahead, had them, right, but they weren't so affected, right? The slaves didn't represent such a large part of the economy and the population. In the South, yes, the bone was almost dependent on slavery, right? With these great lords there, one of them had cotton plantations, they had hundreds of slaves. They even fought with the North because they wanted to
24:35 end slavery and the South didn't. So, to this day, the South of the United States is very scarce. Watch. There are even cities that are still dangerous for black people. It's because there are lynchings, even people who don't use them. The United States lived through a lot of segregation laws. Black people couldn't use the same bathrooms, use the same drinking fountains, go to the same places and ride the same buses as white people. So this is structural racism in the United States. Also, here in Brazil, their racism was stronger in the South. It 's very important that along with slavery, there also comes a very hierarchical society, right, with a lot of social inequality. God, too, people, you being a landowner in the South The current United States meant that
25:20 you had a gigantic land with many slaves working for you, so there is a huge inequality, right? Between these landowners and the rest of the population, unfairly due to the SUS, this gigantic production that already gave a lot of profit that they exported a lot, they gave a lot to England. So, but they were more exploited by England and also more exploited by the trading companies, so this wholesome negligence occurred much more in the north than in the south, because in the south it was giving super profit for England, so England was there keeping an eye on them, but in the North it kind of did n't even understand. And now let's talk about the northern colonies, first in relation to the climate. When I mentioned it to you, the south was of great interest to
26:06 England because they had a subtropical climate that allowed them to plant various things and everything, but the north, not ours, had a colder climate that was similar to that of England, and this did not arouse the economic interest of the Metropolis. So it's the same as the land, there was not as much economic interest in the north, right? That's why there was this wholesome negligence, because the south was much more interesting and also the north did not have a such a large agricultural production the north did not trade as much with England as bone, as I mentioned to you the south did monoculture plantations for export the north did not trade much with England so much that the healthy negligence right because bone was really of much more interest to the Metropolis than the north and economically as it is, right while the
26:51 South had large properties not even the monoculture latifundia return but in the north small properties predominated many people who lived implanted for subsistence, right with family labor free labor of course there is also slavery, right but on a smaller scale they started to develop manufacturing, right Artisanal productions and in the future the north will even start to fight induced because they did not want these portals they did not want to have to export things from Europe because it was more expensive so the people of the North started to set up these factories and then Industries to be able to produce what they consumed themselves so the economic independence in this sense and precisely because of this healthy negligence the colonial pact in this is exclusivity of the Metropolis with the
27:37 colony it was not fulfilled 100 percent The North had a certain freedom, even if it wasn't on paper, right? You couldn't even have that certain freedom to trade with whoever they wanted. So the North was much more economically independent than the South, so much so that people, right? In a while, I'm already super anticipating a summary of independence, right? But you're understanding, right? In a while, we're going to say, people, we're also managing on our own because you, people, are going to continue paying taxes to England. We're going to become independent, right? And Bone is going to say nothing. England counts my products, it doesn't want to become dependent, no, and I also want one that even my slaves and ours, you're going to say, people, but what a load, right? In the volume, I can't keep using people. So, let's look at some of the reasons why they're going to fight and there's even going to be a civil war in the United States. And as
28:22 England saw this economic success of the northern colonies, they even tried to put food in their hands, they tried to increase their control, but the northern colonies simply obeyed, betraying the land. It was OK because the South compensated, the South was bringing them a lot of return, and a very important thing about the trade of the northern colonies that you You can't forget that it will probably be on your test. It's a so-called triangular trade. I'm sure you've heard of it, and the triangular trade scheme will appear here. What is triangular trade, right? In trade, it was done between the northern colonies of the United States, the southern colonies, Africa, and the Antilles. The old ones are islands that are there in the Caribbean in Central America. So let's set up this triangle, guys. The northern colonies went to the Antilles, bought
29:09 molasses, returned to North America, transformed this molasses into bad molasses, and then they took this molasses from Africa to the African coast, right? Several countries on the African coast sold it, and according to what they set out on this route for gold and slaves. And then they returned to the Antilles, sold some slaves to the old ones and got more molasses, and also sold slaves to the southern United States. It's the current state of affairs. You see the triangle, right? Take the molasses, transform it into a sell the world of slaves, sell the old cars that they also sell from the southern United States. Use it as an elastic band, transform it into bad molasses, and you too, so they start angular. It was very important for the colonies. from the north in it too, right? We can see through all this. We can see how the northern colonies were doing well, they
29:55 were living well even without England, so much so that it is not the same, I already said that in a while they will want to be independent. Precisely for this reason, because they were reading poems and prose and England was also not paying much attention. And to finish, people also have the so-called colonization of the center and because within the continent itself, right within the current United States, there was already trade, including, right, the north and the south, trading, making their crazy things, they had their productions. The north, with its manufacturing and in the future with its industries, also has money from the south, selling to Europe, so there was trading from the current United States out to Europe, right, the south selling to go there, the north selling other old markets and everything else, and within the United States, ours was also trading, so
30:41 economically they were even doing well. And now to finish this summary, which I know has already gotten long, let's talk about something that may be on your test, the Protestant Ethic. Okay, but I mentioned Jehovah of the Protestant religions and they were persecuted in England, right? So, many Protestants went to the United States, now the United States. Are you understanding? Some of these Protestants who went to the United States were Calvinists, and this was very beneficial economically, because most of these Protestant religions viewed work favorably, as a source of human dignity, and they were not against the accumulation of wealth. Well, the Catholic Church condemned it, right? Some other religions also condemned it. They thought that if you were rich, you were greedy, you wouldn't go to heaven, right? Anyway, it was with other help.
31:28 For example, because the Calvinists, if you, Henry and Co., work for your money, and this is a sign that you were predestined for salvation, you were predestined for heaven. So, people, what is this Protestant Ethic? The issue is that the religions of the people who populated North America were in favor of economic development, the accumulation of wealth, and personal success. They didn't even think it was good, that God wanted us to be successful, that it was okay to make a profit, you earn money from your work, you get rich. And with that, People also want to develop their colonies more and more. So these Protestants started to found schools, universities, etc. So, if they did n't start there, they would create a nice place to call home. Look how
32:13 cute. Let's do this. Let's finish our summary of the thirteen English colonies. As you can see, people, there are some conflicting cultures there. The South and the North are different. They're going to fight. Soon, England didn't like seeing how the North was economically independent. So, let's start to see the seed of discord that would generate the independence of the United States in 1776. But that's a topic for the next video, guys. So I hope you liked it. I hope it was clear. I tried to leave more allusions. It will be easier for you to understand the subject. But please tell me what you thought of the summary.
32:59 This will help me a lot to improve for the next ones. I hope you see it in the next summary. Okay, guys. If this video helped you, if you liked it, please like it and share it. This will help me a lot to grow here on YouTube. Follow. Value my work, brother. That's it guys, thank you very much for your patience. I hope you liked it. I hope it helped you and I'll wait for you in our next video. A kiss. Hey there.
