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0:00 Welcome back. You're watching NewsX. I'm Udar Prattab Singh. The Indian Space Research Organization is all set to launch its most advanced Earth imaging satellite to date later today. All eyes are now on the Sati Dhavan Space Center in Shrihari Kot, Andhra Pradesh as the NASA ISRO synthetic aperture radar is all set to jet off to the final frontier at 5:40 p.m. This is the first hardware collaboration between NASA and ISRO and is all set to advance the systems used to monitor our planet with the capacity to inspect movements down to centimeters in the Earth's crust. Oceans and polar caps, NISAR, the first synthetic aperture radar with two distinct radar systems would also provide us with an unprecedented view of Antarctica. This is India's latest big victory in the space sector and is all set to pave the way for enhanced future collaboration between two leading space research
0:47 organizations in the world. Before we dive into the discussion and the actual launch sequence begins, let's quickly cover some more details about Nisar and also some of India's recent big wins in the safe space exploration center. Dr. Adrien Borsa, geoysicist joins us live from NISAR science team, NASA. Thank you so much for being with us today. Dr. Adrian, uh, you know, tell us a bit about NSAR. It's a collaboration between NASA and ISRO, two, the world's leading space agencies. What exactly is NSAR? Tell us a bit about that and why this is really being called a gamecher. So, NISAR is a radar instrument on an
1:32 earth orbiting satellite. Um, in fact, it's two radar instruments. Um what is unique about a radar is that this radar it operates all the time uh sort of any weather uh through clouds day or night. Um and in this case uh NISAR is a mission that is observing the solar earth in particular vegetation vegetation canopy uh and change and then ground the ground surface change underneath the the vegetation. So that ground surface change might be due to earthquakes or landslides, volcanoes, um and all of these things together make it a very interdisciplinary mission. It is a gamecher because it is essentially
2:17 really mapping the entire globe continuously uh every 12 days. Um it's a much more complete mission than has ever been flown before. And it has these two radars on it. We'll probably talk about this more but one of the radars um one of those radar systems was designed and built in India. So it's truly a collaboration >> you know is equipped also with advanced radar that can see through clouds and operate day and night reportedly as well. Tell us a bit about a possible real world example that how this unique ability would help people on ground. Could it help in a natural disaster? >> Absolutely. And you brought up in fact um a perfect example. So the Kamaka earthquake was a very large event um
3:05 that then uh created or generated a large tsunami that traveled across the ocean. So take these two uh coupled phenomena. On the earthquake side, most of the earthquakes that are really damaging are shallower than the Kamchaka earthquake and they result or they are the result of fault slipping very often in urban areas. And so what NISAR can uh can provide directly after a natural disaster like that earthquake is a damage assessment. Where did the greatest slip happen? Where might it have impacted roads or pipelines? U you know the resources and infrastructure that support human um human life and society. Um on the other side the tsunami NICAR can't actually see the tsunami
3:53 propagating but once it arrives at uh a distant shore um let's say there's flooding NISAR is uniquely capable of uh detecting both the flood waters the flood water extent and then the gradual recession of the flood waters. So these just a great example of how these uh how NICAR can can sort of reach across different phenomena to help um with disaster resp. >> In fact, you're also part of the NISAR solid earth science team. What specific mysteries about our planet's everchanging surface like earthquakes, volcanoes, or even how land is sinking or rising, are you personally most excited to see NSAR possibly help us unravel? Yes. Uh so Celadote science encompasses
4:43 a really broad range of different phenomena. I I mentioned earthquakes, uh volcanoes, landslides. My own research and what I'm super excited about um at least recently my research has been on um groundwater use and recharge in support of agriculture. I know this is very important in India um just like it is here in the US. uh in my home state of California, the central valley. So what we expect to get from NISAR in particular is unbelievably high resolution in space and time. Um knowledge of where groundwater is being pumped and then more critically where it's being recharged and how. And the paradigm we have for recharge has been you know just
5:29 generally the whole the whole aquifer recharges equally when what we think is happening is that the recharge is coming along uh specific rivers. An instrument like NISAR will allow us to test this hypothesis and it's really critical for groundwater management uh sustainable groundwater management. >> Okay. Let me also in fact ask you about this mission truly representing I think a global partnership as well between the US and India. Why was this collaboration so crucial you believe for the success of NASA and what does it signify for future international space endeavors? >> Yes. Well, as you said, two of the great space agencies right now are joined uh to to launch this mission to to design,
6:15 to build and launch this mission. You know, a mission like NISAR is incredibly expensive and the and it's also very risky, right? Because you're developing a lot of new technology. Um how fast is that technology going to be developed? How much re how many resources or or how many u people can you put on it? uh on that development. Partnering between in this case NASA and Israel allows two countries to bring their best talent and their resources towards a a a mission that's that's addressing really shared science, shared problems. So in my mind and I think the mind of the entire science team, partnerships like this, global partnerships represent the
7:00 future. this is how we should be doing work because you know the the earth doesn't stop at political boundaries right you know the earth is doing its own thing and importantly we learn so much by by a global mission that's taking data from sort of the entire planet and applying that back to our our home countries or you know um places where there are people that need uh need this information and need our help. >> Yes. Now with a mission as ambitious as NSAR, there are bound to be significant challenges. Could you share one of those challenges that possibly you faced or anticipated so far and how you're actually overcoming them? >> Right. So having been involved with a few missions
7:46 I can say that NISAR was exceptionally well managed um in the sense that as we were moving through the mission the engineering challenges that came up were being addressed they were being addressed jointly between NASA and ISRO um and then uh resolved. So just first of all I would say the collaboration the partnership was uh incredibly positive and that's what we saw uh on the science team. Uh I I would say an example of one of the the great challenges was um uh recently engineering tests discovered that the deployment of this huge NICAR antenna that we've talked about you know it's it's 12 meters across um uh might
8:33 have been problematic given the the understanding our understanding of the um the heat environment it would be in and a lot of engineering work went into determining the potential threat and then doing mitigation. This did delay the the the launch of the satellite. But you know again challenges like this do come up with missions and the key thing is that you have two groups in our case who are both you know working well together to to resolve it >> right now. You know NSA also will be collecting an unprecedented amount of data about the earth's surface tracking changes down to mere centimeters. What's the plan for making this treasure trove of information accessible? How do you envision it being used by everyone from scientists to farmers to disaster
9:20 responders as well around the world? Dr. AJ, that question about data is an essential one both because the volume of data but also because the raw radar data is really not usable by almost anybody except for you know just a few experts. So yes, what is critical is putting the data out to the public in a form that is both uh sort of that that is usable that's accessible um and that can help solve problems. So how that's been done um both India and the US actually have their own data systems. Um I can't really speak to how um Israel is doing
10:06 um is making its data available. I can say that on the NASA side uh we have an archive center that has been developing tools for easy access. Um well first the the mission is producing data products that are are sort of analysis ready we call them useful for users at the same time that data then are available through very easy to understand user interfaces. So that question of data accessibility and usefulness is sort of at the top of our mind. I will finally say that you also asked about how can individuals use these data. Certainly, you know, anybody can can look at um a user interface, but where we see the
10:52 biggest impact is um users that are at government agencies, maybe you know, state, local, federal, uh first responders, the people in between the scientists and you know, the public, they're the ones who I think can leverage these data the best. >> Yes. Um also you know as far as uh beyond immediate applications like disaster response how will NASA's long-term observations of our planet shifts continue and contribute to our understanding actually of you know issues like climate change as well Dr. Borsa. So it's interesting uh climate change is uh I mean how climate change manifests
11:39 itself um like any change on the planet um is is really in the realm of modeling. I think what NISAR does it's a change mission we can see changes in in sort of you name it right vegetation fires that occur um we see the impact on vegetation flooding from hurricanes um we can see the flood water extent so these things are potentially manifestations of climate change but from NISA's perspective they are just natural events that are occurring and NISAR is you know again exquisitly tuned to uh pick up and understand those change phenomena, how they are then how that information is put into models etc is is sort of outside of NISAR's direct
12:24 domain. So um yeah, I mean I think there's there's a huge contribution on the change side whether or not it's um uh it's change due to uh different human like agricultural practices or change due to natural variability of the planet or change due to long-term variability. Um yes that I think that's for scientists to then determine on their own using IR data. >> Yes. Now, as someone deeply involved in this mission, what is the single most important message you want the public to take away about NISAR and its potential impact on our planet as well as our lives? >> I guess the message is you've already used the word ambitious. I think NISAR
13:12 was an incredibly ambitious me mission on an engineering side, on the data side, on the public access side. Um really the looking forward I think the best way to manage these kinds of challenges is through partnerships and you know if nothing else I would say just the global nature of the mission the idea that we are joining two um two of uh you know these sort of immense um uh immensely uh dynamic populations and uh space centers and space organizations. Um, that's what excites me and I hope it excites other people and you know it it uh motivates the children that are out there right now
14:00 watching this launch to want to get into um the inter earth science and and into this the engineering realm. >> Yes, you know the leader of Okay, let's leave it at that. Dr. Adrien Borsa, thank you very much for joining us with your perspective on that big story. >> For more such videos, subscribe to the NewsX YouTube channel. Hit the bell icon. [Music]
