0:03 Hello my dear students. Good evening to everyone of you. So how is your weekend going? How is your studies going? I hope you all are having good time. I hope you all are studying very good. So this is Dr. Anisha from Sri Chaitana Educational Institutions. Welcome you all for our another session of bridge course need 2025 for the aspirants of NE 2027. Good evening. Good evening. Good evening to everyone of you. Yes. Yes. Alia. Good evening. So what we are going to study here today? We have studied till now a lot of chapters which will be beneficial for you all when you are starting your actual classes. But today we are going to study one more very important topic
0:50 that is our human health and what are the diseases. So about the health and diseases we are going to study again. All right. So come on guys, have your pen and paper ready. We'll start another session of our studies today. We'll start another session of zoologology lectures today which is filling the gap of between the 10th and 11th standard. So let's start let's start studying here. So what is it all about the studies today? So what we are studying today? It is going to be the topic of health and disease. Yes, you heard it right. So, it is going to be health and disease, right? Now, what is a health? How do you define health and what is a disease? How
1:36 do we define disease? Who can clearly tell me like what is health and what is disease? Well doctors as well as that wherever we are seeing a healthy person we tell them this person is absolutely healthy without any disease without any problems. But how can we define the health of a person? So there is an organization whom we call world health organization. We are going to study about them also. World Health Organization. So this organization world health organization today they have given the definition of health. Now what is health? Health is defined
2:21 as health is defined as it is the state of complete well-being of physical, mental, social and emotional behavior. So it is the state of complete well-being. State of complete well-being of physical, mental, social and emotional behavior. And not just the not just the state
3:10 of individual free from diseases. Now this is a very big statement. So what does this statement mean? state of complete well-being of physical, mental and social condition. Physical, mental, social and emotional behavior. Now physical condition we can say any kind of disability, any kind of organ failure, any kind of diseased condition we can say that is the physical condition. The mental and social yes there are nowadays which we see that many of the mental conditions are getting like you know it is getting
3:56 aggravated. We can see a lot of people suffering from mental problems, various types of mental disorders, trauma, anxiety, stress, many kind of mental conditions are there which we hear nowadays very often. Social and emotional behavior. Social and emotional behavior. As we all know humans are social individuals. Now socially how the person is behaving whether they are able to interact with another individual or not that is the social behavior. Emotional behavior is almost related to the mental state, mental condition. So all of these together forms a person healthy. So a healthy person will have the complete state of well-being in their physical, mental, social and
4:44 emotional condition. And what is disorder men? Disorder means anything which is deviation from this healthy condition. anything which is a deviation from this normal health condition. It is not just the mere absence of disease, not mere absence of infections. It is the state of complete well-being and any deviation from the actual well-being is called as the disease. Okay. So here it is the health but the definition of health which we are stating now who gave this definition of health. Yes. Let's go to the back history of this definition. This definition was given by World Health Organization. So we are going to see
5:31 what is World Health Organization today. So World Health Organization is an initiative of United Nations at the time of second world war. At the time of second world war when there were many of the outbreaks were there, many of the diseased conditions were there. Along with that the war and the health condition throughout the world was very poor. So to enhance the health condition to elevate the living of the individuals throughout the world, United Nations were created and at that time this proposal was also kept like we have to create an organization who is going to look after the each and every individual's health care condition. So
6:18 based on that United Nation has created this body which we are now calling as World Health Organization. World Health Organization established in 1948, 7th of April 1948, WH or World Health Organization is established and since the day of establishment of World Health Organization is 7th April. So hence we call 7th April or we established 7th April as the world health day. So it is the world health day on 7th of April. All right. So yes you guys are correct. You guys know it
7:05 very well. World Health Organization which regulates the different aspects of the health care system in each and every country is established at 7th of April 1948 by the regulations by the initiative of United Nations. So now World Health Organization main question main important point is that where is the headquarter located? The headquarter is located in Geneva which is right now in Switzerland. Okay. So it's an European country where the headquarter is located. It is in Geneva. So Geneva in Switzerland is the headquarter of World Health Organization. Now World Health Organization has six major
7:51 regions to look after the World Health System throughout the world. for the Americans, for the Europeans, for the Middle East, for the Southeast Asian and African countries. It is having six different regions to look out look after all the various conditions of the health. Now, what are the various initiatives World Health Organization has taken? World Health Organization has taken initiative in the eradication of small pox in the eradication of polio. Yes, small pox was a major disease because of which many of the individuals were dying. It had a severe pandemic condition. I hope you remember what is pandemic. What is epidemic? What is
8:36 another conditions? So now when there were an epidemic where there were and pandemic situation, World Health Organization had a great role to play. Even same way the World Health Organization also played an important role in the eradication of polio. Yes, polio virus you have heard of it. So it is polio virus which is which was eradicated by the initiative of WH. Now one more important thing is WH has given many of the vaccination strategies as well as now various methods to eradicate the different types of infections. Why we are studying about the WHO? Because WH is the body which is
9:23 guide which is giving the guidelines for each and every organism with for each and every disease. how to evaluate them, how to diagnose them, when to call it a pandemic, an epidemic or any other condition. So that is why knowledge about who is extremely crucial for each and every person who is going to pursue their field in the field of medicine. So whoever is determining, whoever is planning to go for a course in a medicine definitely must know about the WHO and its establishment. So this was just a brief introduction about WHO. Now we are going to the types of diseases. So WH itself has divided the diseases in two formats. Now what are these two
10:09 formats? These two formats are communicable and non-communicable diseases. So what are these communicable and non-communicable diseases which we also known as infectious or non-infectious diseases. Communicable also called as the infectious diseases and non-communicable or we can say non-infectious diseases. Non-communicable also called as non-infectious diseases. So communicable and non-infectious communicable infectious non-communicable non-infectious. Now what are these
10:55 things? These are the type of diseases which spreads from one person to another or a person gets affected by such kind of diseases. So for the classification of diseases it will be either communicable or non-communicable. The name itself suggests if it is communicable spreads from one person to another. Spreads from one person to another that is called as communicable diseases. Spreads from one person to another. Non-communicable diseases do not spread. They do not spread from one person to another. do not spread from
11:40 one person to another. So these are the two different forms of diseases. Communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases. Okay. So communicable or the infectious diseases spreads from one infected person to another and non-communicable do not spread. Now what are the different types of examples? What are their processes of communication? now spreads from one person to another. Example like malaria, like common cold, all these are different type of diseases which are communicable. It spreads from one person to another. Whereas on the other hand, non-communicable diseases which do not spread from one person to another. For
12:27 example, cardiovascular diseases. Can you tell me an example of cardiovascular disease? An example of cardiovascular disease. Who is going to answer me the first? The cardiovascular disease. What is the example of cardiovascular disease? Who is going to answer me first? An example of cardiovascular disease? Okay, I'll wait for that. Other than cardiovascular disease, diabetes, another example of non-communicable diseases. Okay, heart stroke. Yes, very good. Cardiac arrest, muscle pain, heart attack. Very good. So you all know what is a cardiovascular diseases. So cardiovascular diseases. Yes. Heart
13:12 stroke. Very good. Very good everyone. So you all are aware of the terminology called cardiovascular diseases. Now another is the diabetes, hypertension, cancer. All these are considered as non-communicable diseases. Very good guys. Very good. I'm so happy that you are understanding and you are aware of the terminologies like cardiovascular diseases. So now we are coming back to these points communicable and non-communicable diseases. So we are aware what is communicable and what is non-communicable diseases. Let's move on to the next part. What are the communicable diseases? What all agents are there which are acting as the communicable diseases? All right. So
14:00 what are agents are there? Agents for communicable diseases. Agents for communicable diseases or we can call them as pathogen. So these are the pathogen or the agents which are the comm which are causing the communicable diseases. Now what are these agents? Some of the agents can be what it can be some of the agents such as bacteria. Some of them are some of them are bacteria. Some can be bacterial pathogen. Some of them are viruses. We are going to read them too. Some of them are fungus. Some of them are
14:48 protozoa. Some are helmth we can call them worms. So these are the various types of pathogens which can cause communicable diseases. Now about that detail you are going to study in your actual classes but little bit of the knowledge of the organisms which belong to bacteria which are viruses that I'm going to give you as an overview. All right. So bacterial, viral, fungal, protozo and helmetic diseases are different types of communicable or infectious diseases which spreads from one person to another. Now what are the various bacterial agents are there? Bacteria causing or causing the transmission from infected to a healthy
15:35 person. Which all bacteria transmits like this? For example, the bacteria like vibriopolera. You all must have heard of it. Vibrioa causing cholera. Cholera bacteria transfers from person to person by many method but they are transmitted. Similarly pneumonia bacteria that is transmitted from one person to another. Another is the tuberculosis TB tuberculosis caused by bacteria transmits from one person to another. So these are all bacterial agents getting transmitted from one person to another. Now let's move on to the viral agents. About their detail we
16:23 will study in the actual chapters. That's why I'm not going for the details over here. It is just as an overview what all bacterial pathogens you can name. Other bacterial pathogens also you can name. For example, it will be cholera, it will be pneumonia, it will be tuberculosis. It can be gonoria, syphilis and many more bacterial pathogens are present. Now let's move on to the viral pathogens. Viral pathogens are like viruses causing the infections. So what are viruses are there which are causing infections? Viruses causing infections such as HIV. Human immuno deficiency virus HIV is there. Other than HIV you can say hepatitis B,
17:08 hepatitis C, all these viruses are there which cause infections. Other than hepatitis B and hepatitis C, what else is there? There might be Epstein bar virus. There might be chicken gona virus. There might be arbo viruses like deni virus. So these are all viruses. viruses causing the different types of infections. HIV, hepatitis B, Epstein bar virus, denu, chicken gona virus, all these are different type of viral agents causing infections. Now what are the different types of fungus causing different type of infections? Fungus causing different type of infections are the primary or the most common fungus
17:54 that we see in our almost day-to-day life that is ringing infections with general words we call it as ringworm infection but biologically or medically it is called as dermato micosis. They are called as dermaticosis. So it is a big term maybe a difficult name for you to remember but just break it down. Dermat is skin micosis fungal infection. Fungal infection of skin is the ringworm infections. You must have seen it somewhere or the other that at the moist warm humid or covered parts of the body some fungal infections appear. These fungal infections are the dermatom
18:41 micosis. All right. Other than that there is candidasis. Another very common infection candidasis. Another is fungal menitis which inflames the meninjas of the brain. Yes, this is a very deadly infection menitis. So these are all different types of fungal infections that are seen due to the causitive agent like fungus. Now we are moving on to the protozoal infections. What all protozoal infections are there? Protozoa. Protozoa means they are ukarotic unisellular organisms. So these protozoa will cause severe form of infections in human body.
19:27 But what are the
21:02 glass.
25:14 Who want to go? So hello everyone back again a little bit of uh technical errors. So we are back here again. We were discussing about the communicable diseases and I hope you all have got enough of time for your chatting. So now stop that and let's start studying again. All right. All these chapters in detail in college. Yes, you are supposed to take admissions then we are going to study.
26:00 We are going to take each and every part of it in detail. Yes, what happened? This happens there. Sometimes some technical glitches are there. Some network error and some many more other unexplainable things are there that happens. So do not worry. We are all here for your easy accessibility as well as for the study programs. So we are now coming back to the topic again. So what we were studying communicable diseases we were studying about the different types of bacteria, viruses, fungus. We have discussed till fungus. So bacterial agents like the tuberculosis, like
26:46 the nigeria gonora, like the syphilis, like the cholera and the pneumonia. We were discussing about the bacterial agents. We were discussing about the viral agents. What all viral agents are there? Viral agents like HIV, hepatitis B, denu virus, chicken gona virus, so many more were there. Similarly, various types of fungal agents like candida infections like the infections of the skin like the ringworm infections we have seen and now we are moving on to the protozoal infections. So what are these protozoal infections? We were discussing about the protozoal infections. Protozoa they are nothing but the unisellular ukareotic organisms. Right? So unisellular ukareotic
27:33 organisms these protozoa they cause many infections such as the plasmodium. Yes you all are right plasmodium causes what it causes plasmodium. Plasmodium causes the infection of malaria. All right you all must be knowing plasmodium is a protozoa. Protozoa are ukareotic unisellular organisms belonging to the kingdom protestera. Okay. Like the bacteria belongs to the kingdom mona. Similarly protoones belonging to the kingdom protista. Fungi kingdom fungi they are there and now the protool infection plasmodium malaria these are present.
28:19 Another is another example will be antameibly. Entibba hystolya. This is the full name of the protozoa which causes the condition called amiebasis. Amibasis or we can also call it in certain conditions amibic desentry. So this is a type of condition where excess amount of the stool passage occurs along with blood and the mucus. So that is called as decentry and the causitive agent of decentry is a type of protozoa that is enamea hyrolytica. So these are the different types of
29:05 pathogens which are called as protozoal pathogens causing different types of infections. So we have seen bacteria can be a pathogen. Viruses can be definitely pathogens. The pathogens like the fungus, the pathogens like the protozoa. Now we are coming to the pathogen which are nothing but the helman or the worms. Now what are the different types of pathogens? Pathogens like the worms. Pathogens like the worms. Now what are these different types of pathogens like the worms? What are the worms? What we call as the helment? Who can tell me what are examples of helment are there? So helment can be different
29:52 type of helmentic infections. So helment or helmentic infections what are these things? Helmentic infections. So worms worms which we commonly called as the different types of worms as round worms. The most common worm is the round worm. In the fungal infections you have seen it is called as
34:06 Sorry everyone for this interruption. Very very sorry. Yes, I know you all must be in a very good mood to study but because of all that maybe a little inter intermission will be there. So do not worry we are going to be there for you and we are going to make it all correct. All right. So yes everyone come back start studying again we were discussing about the different types of communicable diseases. All right, I hope you all are here. Give me a thumbs up if you all are here right now. All right, do not worry no more interruptions. I'm very sure only 10 minutes left. Yes, definitely only 10
34:53 minutes left. But we are going to study for 10 minutes and we will continue this topic in the next class also. Do not worry about it. Okay. It will not be a time loss for you. Definitely not. All right. Yes. Thank you. Thank you, Pinky. Thank you, Vini. Thanks all of you for your support and thanks for being there for us. Thank you so much and we are sorry for the interruption. Thank you. Thank you everyone. So let's start studying again. So communicable diseases. Yes. Thank you. So communicable diseases as the causitive agents of communicable diseases there are the bacteria the pathogen the bacteria protozoa fungus viruses the helment right now we are
35:38 here in the helmentic diseases. So helment that always means the worms. So helment are the worms and the worms causing the diseases. Likewise I have told you bacteria they are the kingdom mona the protozoa they are the kingdom definitely the protesta fungi kingdom fungus as well as now it is the kingdom which is inimeia we are call it as the worms it belongs to the phylm nematode they are the nemato organisms so they are the phylm nematodea now these worms these worms are of various types. These worms cause
36:23 different type of infections. Different type of infections in our intestine, different type of infections in the various parts of the body, in the muscles, in the tissues as well as even in the brain also. So these pathogens, these worms, they are going to be there. So what are the different types of worms? We were discussing the different type of worms such as the round worm infections. These round worm infection causes the intestinal infections. So they are intestinal parasite. Intestinal parasites they are they are intestinal parasites. Similarly farial worm which causes the elephantasis again detail I'm not going
37:10 for this because you have to study them in great detail. So fial worm is a condition which is the elephantiasis is caused by this. So farial worm or the worm which causes elephantiasis stays in the lymphatic vessels they stays in our lymphatic system. So these are the tissue parasite. They are living in the tissues. They are living in the lymphatic vessels. So they are tissue parasites. Another one for example tenia or we can call them as tenia solium tenia saginator many types are there. So they are called as the tapeworms even they can roam around at a
37:57 different places in our body starting from the intestine to the muscles and various parts including the brain. So these are the different types of the worms which belonging to the phylm nematode of animal kingdom. They cause infections in our body. They are the parasites present in the body in the form of different different conditions in the liver, maybe in the muscles, maybe in the brain or in the intestine. So they are present at different parts of the body and cause infections. So these are the different types of helmentic infections. So we have studied today we have seen the bacterial pathogen, the viral pathogen, the protozoa and helment pathogen and the
38:44 fungal pathogens. So these are different pathogens which cause different type of infections in the body. Okay. So next what is it the mode of transmission of the infections? How these infections are being transmitted? See overall a chart I have shown here. So what are the various different methods of transmission? Different methods of transmission. First of all it is the cuffing and sneezing the fecal matter the blood and the fluid. Okay let's have a brief look at it. So now first it is the modes of transmission. Okay. So now modes of transmission again a very important
39:30 point a very important topic but we don't know what all different methods of transmission are there for these pathogens or for these infections. So different infective agents like bacteria like the viruses they use different methods of transmission. Now what are the different methods of transmission? First of all, different method of transmission is through blood and is called as bloodbone diseases. All right? Through blood if it is transmitted these are the bloodbone diseases. Similarly, another method is called as ficooral transmission. Another is called as different type of fluids
40:17 and different type of fluids. We can call it body fluids. We can call this as body fluids. Through sneezing and cuffing it is called as aerosol and vectorbone vectorbone diseases. So blood and bloodbone diseases ficooral transmission through fluid transmission as well as aerosol and vector bone diseases. Now this is all about the communicable diseases we are discussing now. So communicable diseases that communicates or spreads from one person to another. All right. So from one person to another if it is spreading
41:04 what are the different ways that it goes from one infected
43:24 Hello guys, sorry again for that. Actually, there is some major technical issues going on and we are trying to resolve it. for that purpose today's zology class will not be completed and definitely I promise you that this class will definitely I'll be taking tomorrow okay right from the place we have started facing the problems and the interference okay so I wish you all will support us will always be there for us and we'll understand the problem it is a major technical glitch because of which we are not able to conduct it right now okay so it's almost the time and I'm going to see you all tomorrow with the same class with the same topic we will be studying it ahead. Okay. So stay tuned everyone tomorrow. Thanks for understanding and goodbye for to you
44:10 all.
