Earth's interior and plate tectonics || Lecture 3 || parmar ssc 3.0 Geography || Geography

0:16 So hello everyone and good morning to everyone I hope my voice is coming out proper It will happen, we will confirm it to everyone once and for all Before starting happy durga puja everyone Navratri starts from today, how many people worship how many people are fasting There must be more girls today, right boys? It is possible that he hasn't even bathed yet But I am not one of them keep it so hello even it's ok everything is proper hey yes ram ram everyone [music] Riya took a false oath which she did not keep Son

1:03 Wanderlust, don't you get better at night The views will show you attention during the day Why don't you keep it, sir ji has just got up Yes Just Jai Maa Durga, come on brother, whoever is up Yes, but watch the lecture with focus Because today we are going to start the main part of Mine from Geology The Main Part of Geology Meaning, look at Geography and Geology What difference does geology make when we read about the interior of the earth when I read things about her insides it's not about its surface like In geography we understand the meaning of about the atmosphere and its surface topography I study geology and its insides about the internal structure in

1:49 we read and the father who considered it let's go, if this question has come then this We have to read what his father considered who is he James Hutton okay James Hutton is considered the father of this Well, in today's lecture we are going to do We are going to see the interior of the Earth first that which is our inner structure of meaning That is, how much is inside the earth There are layers, what is found, what is not plus we have a certain meaning of We divided the portion into plates if so, we will read about that plate Tectonics which we know in Hindi we talk about plate diffraction You will see all these things in today's lecture. It's going to be very important today The answer key is about to come, who is scared? This is Sushant Kumar's question, I will tell you brother

2:34 Who is scared and who is not Then we start the class first Sushant Everyone answer G's question I will give you this, are you scared or not Is the answer going to be known soon? Let me tell you, I hope everyone has given the answer hoga let's start first how we Got to Know About Earth interior us about the meaning of interior how did I know because the radius of the earth if we talk about what we discussed yesterday How much is it, we had read about it 6370 kilometers, this is how many kilometers you understand it is kilometers and if we Let's talk about the depth where humans cannot go yet okay so what is normal is our mine etc. also there are mines which are quarries

3:21 they are also like most of the time if we look at So there are very deep mines in South Africa. There are very deep mines and that too more than 3 kilometer more than 4 kilometer I have not been able to go much beyond Then how did we know such depth? Thousands of kilometers, 6000 kilometers deep How do we know if some of it is Direct sources are and some indirect sources i.e. Indirect sources are the direct sources Meaning we came to know directly about the volcano you know what volcano is volcano this is where what happens inside it comes out it comes out magma which We also call it lava as long as it stays inside if it is there then magma comes out then lava When this thing is coming out from inside then this

4:07 this is for us and what could be better than this he will tell us the inside story because this This laboratory is coming out from inside Experiments will be taken in etc. From there you will know that the inside What material is it made of because from inside it is coming out then what are rocks rocks so When we carry out mining activities okay so rocks are obtained from there are deep inside the earth when mining If you do any activity then we get to know from there It turns out that there are all these things Because they are also coming out from inside So they are taking it out directly Direct sources are indirect sources I taught Metroid in my first lecture What are these metroids, these those metroids there are metroids, there is one thing most first of all these are meteorites okay these

4:54 When the meteorites enter the Earth's atmosphere and if they finish, they burn In the Earth's meso sphere, meteors and If the strike is not over then Metroid They are called okay now this is Metroid This is a celestial body right? celestial bodies that come from our solar system It is present somewhere or the other in the same material of which our meaning is composed If so, then somewhere we have a lot more than this All things are interior to our meaning We will get to know about it when we You will see the interior, you will see the structure inside So, somewhere or the other, our economy too is The interior i.e. the structure will also be because all these celestial bodies of ours In the solar system there are almost all the same 42 This must have been created a billion years ago somewhere in the same material from which they are made

5:40 these are also made from so from this we can know It goes but it is not from the inside if they are coming out from within the meaning When you leave, you are leaving directly from outside So Metroid your indirect sources gravity gravity like for example we You know, I told you yesterday that tell me it is more at the equator then It is more at the poles, where is it more so this is a basic thing I have given you I had told you yesterday that Sir, because our economy The one that is there is a buzz in the center, why is there a buzz Tell me its reason, which force it is and The flats are on poles and because of this What shape does it take? Also read in the comments Will you tell me which force it is? Centrifugal force is the central force which that is generated due to the rotation of the Earth There is another force, we will study it later Coriolis force exists, but it still exists We have nothing to do with it, it's ok The Earth gets its shape because of geoderma

6:29 if we get it then what happens because of it that Here its radius becomes larger it decreases at the equator and the poles and The gravity that exists is inversely is proportional to the square of the radius because this radius is greater here If it is there then gravity will be less on the poles There might be more but it is not the case here If you come then the gravity will suddenly decrease and here too Extremely high gravity different parts There is a difference off earth, this is called gravity Enomoto was supposed to have a gravity of 99.8 there should be a second square per meter but There is not that much lesson due to gravity understanding if you are then it is called gravity animal This gravity is not only on the radius but also It also depends on the material, somewhere material somewhere there is some material for meaning

7:15 When we go to different parts If the difference in gravity is detected then this Gravity also gives us information about the Earth's interior. Let's know a little about Magnetic It is known from the field and earthquake the waves that are caused by earthquakes from them also we get to know how I'll tell you right now You'll have to wait a bit for that because in this very lecture the meaning of They become waves when they enter the Earth if they are there then they will not go in any different way I find that if you go at a slower speed then From that, we get to know the inside meaning It turns out that the interior of a good meaning is like this You might not understand it right now, but the rest You should understand it, because that's all There was this topic here on Earthquake Waves So we will discuss earthquake in detail in this lecture I am going to move on to what meaning Now let's look at the actual interior of the

8:03 that the interior of the earth which our scientists They were scientists, they understood the meaning how did they draw the interiors and what did they do When he reached the conclusion, he found that What we mean is in three layers divided okay what did I do here I did this big thing in a small way I took out such a part and zoomed it. I did it, I understood it, okay, so this is the meaning This is your meaning, so I have given a small definition of the meaning I took out a part, I took out a piece, as if not you when you go to get tar milan etc If it is there then he would take it out and get you tested. He takes it out in exactly this shape Here we get total of three layers which our scientist told that total earth What we have is divided into three layers These are the three layers, it is something like this We call the one above, that is, the first one crust in hindi

8:49 That is, the second one is called This is called mental and the third one The one which is inside is called the core i.e. If I draw it like this, then this The outside will be the crust, this one in the middle this one will become mental It will go and what I am drawing with green is this it will be core, it will be green or it will be core it will go and what will it become it will be a crust If you understand then this crust, mental and The core is ok then we will make it more convenient for and we would separate and divide it Now let's call the one above as outer The crust is fine, let's call it outer crust and this is called inner crust is fine let's tell this to the one above

9:35 Upper mental this is called upper mental and this is called lower Mental is fine and divide it also into parts let's call it the outer core and This is called the inner core. Now you understand one thing notice we're just about to What is its composition by mass and by Whose volume is the composition of these three layers what is the structure of the crust by mass of the mantle and that of the core, i.e. by mass and by volume That is, according to the volume, it is the most If you look carefully at first, it is a big

10:22 It is easy to observe this thing, I have found it very easy I have drawn it in the same way as mine the drawing you know is masha allah but I can make such a simple drawing It's not that big, the cross is thin I drew the mantle very thick Look how thick I drew the mantle and the core is thinner than the mantle and thicker than the crust If you have drawn then just by volume whatever it is The crust is at 1 The mantle is at 84 And survived The core is 15 by mass, if we talk about this also 1 on 1 or less than 1 on 1 maximum it is in the case ok but less than usually less This happens on day 1, how much is left on 68 Tell me quickly in the comments that your core It will happen if you understand this thing to what extent

11:07 it will happen this will happen your a has become 69 and Yours is a That Means 31 but no one even knows there is no doubt, please do it once quickly Confirmed sir are you muslim or We Hindus mean there are only two or three people Anything is going on Please tell me by mass and by volume And what is written here, it feels good to follow it you must have been in class sir voice what happened Voice Does anyone have any doubt? No sir, okay ok no doubt let's move on now let's see a little better diagram okay let's see better diagram and here

11:53 I have written the thickness etc. here I will also write the thickness, it is fine whatever crust or else let's understand here first which Is there any crust, look in the upper layer Which layer am I talking about? Crust let me draw you this part it is here crust this is crust this is crust complete ok now keep your focus on this i am removing my hmm okay this is the crust its Thickness is the thickness, it ranges from row to 100 It can be from 0 to 100 km If we look at it, the maximum is only 70-80. If it were 100 then it would hardly be there anywhere now There is a crust, I will divide it into two parts I'll call one continental crust ok i will tell one

12:39 Continental crust either it's ok let's write it here continental crust and I'll call one Oceanic crust this is called oceanic crust And should I say sorry to him, what should I say to him? continent is called land or ocean, so it is called land or ocean. Oceanic crust and oceanic crust are called oceanic The crust will now be called oceanic crust What is continental and oceanic crust? See, crust means the upper most layer of the earth okay now this upper most layer where are you talking about like we are talking about land We're living on the land There isn't anyone here who is like the sea Brother, are you taking class from inside, tell me first Give it to everyone here sitting on the ground If you are taking class then the ground crust is

13:26 where you're sitting sit on the crust The part of the land which is under the sea The layer that occurs is called oceanic Crust says simple is the difference we live where our mountains are is plot is planes yes these are all continental the crust is fine and where the oceans are the layer beneath the ocean where But we call it below the water who is thin and who is fat then nettle Difference between crust and ash crust Let's understand, okay, I'll write it here. this is your continental crust and this is your oceanic crust okay oceanic and

14:12 This will become an ocean, so if we talk about it here This is because the continental crust is thick It is fat, you can see here whether it is so or not How thick is it? How thick is it? Please It is a little thin because the upper part Its sea is surrounded by water, so it It may be thin but it is denser it is heavy and this oceanic it is made of basak rock that's why are heavy because basaltic rock Denser than granite rock It is Granite Rock or Continental Cross The continental crust is granite It is made of rock, how can we not forget it What is present in the sea? It is salt If it is there then remember it like this you will be fine this is about the crust

14:58 I will tell you how thick it is The clear now if the matter is under the crust If you do it then what is mental I divided it into upper mantle and lower mantle The upper mental also has two parts This is the upper mental part of the mantle as well as the upper mental part. it also has two parts, I am highlighting it with Look carefully at the two upper mantles part one so one so one this is what I I'm drawing this upper lid most with yellow is the solid part of the upper mantle and Just below it, what color should I use for blue? let me draw it from okay this is what it is there's a second layer okay this is the second layer now

15:46 If I change the crust to this yellow layer which is called the upper solid part of the mantle If I mix this then it is called Lithosphere What do you call it if you call it lithosphere Land sphere understood in Hindi What is the lithosphere, the crust and upper solid part of Mental its just below what I got from Blue I drew a layer, this is called ethno Sphere ethnos means weak its It means weak, that is I will teach you in the actual lesson now What is a plate boundary plate? What is lithosphere? It is a plate Now forget what plate leave the plate ethno

16:33 Sphere understood the meaning of this much ethnos What is this ethno sphere? It is weak Magma I just showed you magma lava Everyone must have seen this much, everyone must know So actually the magma is this it is a source of magma or Then Lava this is where your magma or lava is filled this has happened and that is why magma lava is weak It is thick and so thick that it is not even completely fluid and It is not even solid i.e. it is semi Occurs in Molten State This is such a clear thing that the ethno sphere is also now There is nothing else in the mantle The thickness of the mantle How far does 2900 go, what is its thickness What is the thickness of the lithosphere? How much would it cost to keep up to 200 km of crust

17:20 it will be up to 100 km thin oceanic and A Continental will be thicker and the thickest If you ask where I can see it, then Which mountains are the highest in height There are mountains at the highest height Do you know where Mount Everest is? means here if you look at a diagram See, if you observe one thing, the more This mountain above is as deep as the bottom Even this figure is very good has been drawn do you know this The reality is as high as a mountain his depth, his depth below, That too is as deep as it means almost the same it is deep or very deep Look here, is it at that height? did it not sink that much? it did not sink a lot

18:07 It is high and it is very low, they have to wait for it In geography this is called isostere They say that till today he has not asked you I haven't asked this in SSC but I told you I told you because I saw it here That's why it is called isostere. Remove it so much that the crust is 100 It goes upto maximum 50 km if we go to Himalayas If we talk about it then it is 7080 kilometers I don't think it will last even for 100 kilometers it must be somewhere because the maximum thickness right here is the lithos for 200 kilometers Clear Mental is going to 2900 Now the core outer will come in the core for kilometers The core is This and this is inner how is the outer one it is liquid And how solid is the inner is this the solid one inside why

18:55 it is solid because it is very deep inside you must be feeling too much pressure let me tell you that as you move from the crust to the core If we increase then the density of the materials the density will increase that will It's ok to increase it slowly slowly What will happen is that this thing of yours will increase Keep this in mind, if I talk about the crust The density is 3 grams centimeter cube ye crust ki afli The density of the mantle is more than this If the number of cores is more than this then the outer core is 5100 kilometers and inner then you are obviously talking to me Whatever is the radius of the earth, it will be the same, brother If I am saying core then core means this It must be deep inside the radius of the Earth The solid part will go 60 to 6370 kilometers inside

19:43 that's because it's very scary When anything is facing pressure If he gets pressure then he immediately it freezes, it becomes solid, it is clear That much is fine now whose are these made of like when we talk about crust The crust is made up of sial of silica and Aluminum the specific type of rocks which contain silica and aluminum content If it happens too much, they are called failed Spar or these are called alumni Alumino Silicates fine composition of the crust and give us details I will have to read it because it brings up questions Like now in CGL Mains in the previous one had asked

20:29 So what is the composition that is the most Oxygen in the crust is 46.6 times greater than silica 7 Aluminum is at 27.7, 88.1 But you have to remember these 3% Just look at the rest, there is some iron it is calcium it is sodium it is potassium There is magnesium but you need the first three or four You should remember it well, then how can you remember it oyal is fine as you call No to your friend oh brother oh he is there oh Rahul By doing this, O Siyal, you have to remember this So o oxygen is the most than silicon The aluminum according to CGL Mains I had formulated the question accordingly so if I would not have remembered even the percentage like I did

21:14 I got it done by being clever the students had got it right because they When I asked about the matching, everybody knew it, friend If oxygen has the highest percentage then the most Seconds will carry more percentage of oxygen Silka will come on number three Aluminum is next in fourth place, the one that's left Who will come and ask you the iron question? More If you ask for an endangered element, it would be oxygen will go but if the metal asks then he There will be aluminium, then there will be iron It will be okay so it is the most abt metal The most abundantly found metal is The crust contains aluminum and aluminous what are the tricks called fels bar mental Yes, sometimes our limits are crossed what does limit mean like here Pe Si means Silica Fine of Al It means aluminum

22:00 ok the L here means aluminum What does silica and magnesium mean? So this is the thing you have to keep in mind that many times what happens is i just removed the crust into continental crust and oceanic crust If divided, many times the border is divided with this attaches the tropical rust asks that If tropical rust is made of then give it to you There we will tick the limit on Cilic and If we talk about magnesium core then it is Fe is made up of what does ni fe mean Ni means nickel And A means iron fine What did I tell you in the core that the outer The core is liquid The inner is solid The inner is solid Why is it that the outer core is liquid right because it's in liquid so here But the metals rotate when they move

22:45 when they rotate, this causes a magnetic field to form. The field is generated This magnetic field is generated near the earth around which protects us from harmful solar waves This is what protects us Van Allen Belt speaks first Was it taught in the lecture or not that our meaning it has a magnetosphere That means there is a magnetic field here But due to this, it receives solar energy from the Earth and from the Sun. Bhaga reflects the flares Gives this whole belt a one end belt They say that such a clear thing is not even available to anyone If you have any doubt then tell me, I have I will explain everything to you slowly and properly have given

23:32 okay I understood the composition of th now we will come It is okay in discontinuity Asant now what is the discontinuity then If we draw from it then there is discontinuity one no sir no sir it is clear ok sir please Provide the notes quickly, then we will You can come and study pH from here and ask your doubts also are parthika okay okay okay so you need to hurry up You will get the notes just because in the notes What if there is a little mistake if it is not there then what better can we do then that If the books are printed, it will take time means I will not say the time will take now because It was being worked on for so long Soon you will get the same thing that within a week you

24:18 I will get the announcement okay so Discontinuity means that it is incomplete is where one layer ends and the other So what was the first layer, the crust? what was the second one, was it mental and what was the third one There was a core, wasn't it? That was the mental one have you made the drum too thick come on someone no let's do it here core is ok It's core Now let's see which layers did we draw? there was this drug what is this this is that layer this is the top one is the outer crust and the inner crust below it which one is this C is the layer that divides the mantle Which is this between upper mantle and lower mantle There is a layer which is called outer crust and inner sole Divides into outer core and inner core

25:03 This would be a discontinuity for this one This will be a discontinuity it will happen and this will be a discontinuity Someone will remember me Red Someone bring me a rose, bring me a red rose There will be Conrad Discontinuity, this will happen this will happen Rappet discontinuity will happen this way Berg Discontinuity it will become Leh Mans Discontent needs to be given immediately, is it okay Bring me a red rose, which one is this Who is the discontinuity separating?

25:49 Upper crust or outer crust is called inner crust. Sir, who is separating Mohs from the crust? So the entire crust is separated from the entire mantle. Is it necessary to tell this now that it is rape dividing the upper mantle from the lower mantle is Gutenberg's whole mantle from the entire core The red line is dividing us This is the red one this red line separates the crust from the mantle This red line is separating the metal doing the course different okay and this is what This is the division of the crust among themselves, green The green dotted line is their own it's internal division okay so just someone tell me Bring me a red rose, I want to remember you now Ask me anything, who is being separated by attachment? the crust from the mantle or the lower crust No one from upper mental level has any doubt in this

26:36 Someone please bring me a red rose, okay? I write it here in my notes You will find someone writing to me a red rose ok la Let's move forward, now we will read the play plate tectonics is not exactly about flexion What is plate tectonics for? First we have to understand what a plate is. if this happens then this lithosphere and lithosphere right now i was yelling that 200 kilometer day thickness which is the crust and upper solid part of the mantle it is made up it is called lithosphere this is the lithosphere There are plates that move above the asthenosphere

27:21 Ethno sphere is not a part of lithosphere ethnos is what it is magma it is lava it is the semi molten part it is the week part is on top of this this whole thing what is this this is the lithosphere lithosphere this is above it it will slide it will slide on it why does everything move to tomorrow I will read it in lectures, it is fine in rock etc. Right now these are plate boundaries, what is our these are plates all these plates that Here is what you can see on your screen We divide them into two parts Which color is major and minor here? It will work, no one is working, is yellow also working No It's okay, no problem, let's just write it down So we call them total major and minor plates.

28:07 if we divide it into 2 then the major is here We have seven main plates and the minor ones If we talk, then all the people who will be saved will be saved. minor is rough up to five your minor is nickel Now let's see which are the major ones Remember, it is the major who asks, not the minor. asks you okay now major plate Which ones and how will we remember which ones? Which is the major and which is the minor North American plate I'm telling you the major first okay straight major so straight major first is north The American plate is larger than the Pacific plate Then how much is the Eurasian plate? Now it is three The fourth one is your South American plate The fifth is your African plate, the sixth is yours Antarctica plate will become seventh The Australian plate will go, okay, which one is this?

28:54 This is our major plate and if the minor one is left then It is better to remember only five votes in minor because that's usually what I mean, like At some places they say that it is five or minor But minor and a lot more but major She will remain your constant, along with your tongue de Fuca, Cocos, Nasca, the Caribbean It is Arab, it is Indian, it is ok, Philippine These are plates, all these are minor, what is it all? This is a minor so how can you remember it? Look at the Major if you observe carefully If we do that, then major North America is a continent. Everybody knows that Australia is a Antarctica is a continent The Pacific is our ocean, it is our five Oceanus is one of them this is the ocean okay Africa is a continent Eurasia Europe

29:41 And Asia is made up of two continents So whichever continent or any of our We will call them after the name of ocean what do we call them these are the major plates and whatever is left of ours If she survives, what will happen to us? She will be ours. Minor Plates okay what will be our minor plates will be okay african north America South America what is this If it is a continent then it should be in the name of the continent The rest of the soldiers are gone, what is all this it is minor now now here if you do one thing If you observe then you will see something like this within their boundaries These have become symbols, these have become something what is this it is showing that this How are the plates moving among themselves? so what is this being shown here

30:28 It is shown here that the plates How are the plates moving together she can move in three ways either I can go far away I can go far away She can either come closer or she can can slip and rub in any way You say you can rub them together We call those who go far away are divergent plate boundaries Is it called divergent in Hindi? They say leave aside the divergent i.e. creative When creative divergences come together this is called convergent In Hindi converge and if it slips it means it is wearing out

31:17 okay it doesn't go near or far it means one one left and one right this is how it is happening sorry one I mean this type of thing is happening here and there So this is called transform Patron Structural Ok, now understand what happens in this be careful when these two plates are far apart what will happen when you go away The thing that is filled beneath them comes out What is filled in the ethno sphere will come down it's full of magma it's full of lava it has happened, it will come out, it will come out that is a new crust will be constructed will that y make it constructive or else Constructive plate boundary speak

32:02 Because something is being created here It is being constructed, why is it happening Because these two plates are one here and the other there If it is going then whatever is filled below will go out it will come out because on whom is this plate The plate is sliding sir as if you are your floor as if your floor is Put water in it or some other liquid Put it in and someone else who would have been your home plate if you keep it it will slip, it is like that There is a yurt above and why is it slipping below it because beneath it is filled the sinosphere Is Let us take another case where both come close to each other. both are coming closer so both What will happen when they come close? Something will happen What will happen if the heavier one sinks will go into the lighter condor because the

32:50 Its weight is heavy because its density is high If it is too much then she will subd So what will happen here, it will become a subduction zone The zone you are seeing is called the subduction zone Like let me know in the comments if you Continental crust meets oceanic crust then tell me who will do all the ducting when this She will do everything, then she will meet him Which is much hotter than the ethno sphere it is so hot that it will melt it and when If it melts, more magma will be created it will be formed only by melting, due to which was melted magma or ethnosphere and What is formed by melting is ethnosphere itself. it will be extra from somewhere

33:36 extra gas will come out If it's liquid it will make space from somewhere what is this you will see the crack and make space again this is what happens if a volcano comes out That is, when such a convergent plate boundary If it happens then where there is a plate boundary we get to see volcanoes around there get and if both are doing lateral sliding there is one here and one there so if it is new then what is it what is happening here crust destroy This is happening because that crust goes inside It is melting now as if both of them have met Continental and Oceanic so Oceanic juice I I told you it is denser because this Basak It's made of rock so it's supposed to be denser If it sinks down because of this then it will be destructive The crust here was existing What is destroyed in the lateral siding? would be conservative structural i.e. neither

34:22 The crust will either be constructed or destroyed If nothing happens then what will happen We will tell you how earthquakes will occur If you don't understand then look at it now what is it, we are going far away, okay, this is far away As we move away, the clouds that are filled inside us He's coming out solidifies are coming because of which what is happening When it went in it melted ethno in the sphere and from here the extra nickel is in volcano form and here if we look at what is happening here this here and there nothing is constructed nor Destruct is ok When it moves away it forms a ridge or In tomorrow's lecture you would have formed a rift You will read about what is called the Mid Oceanic Ridge It will come out from inside like this and like this means long

35:08 chain of series of chota chota chota Mountain type will become small like this it is called ridge here when If both of them come then a trench type pit will be formed It will go away and there will be no major effect here It happens but earthquakes happen here How does an earthquake occur? By explaining it First of all, does anyone have any doubts even here Not there. once again why not once more once again Show me your dance, didn't you enjoy it yet? Brother, you might not have understood that I am easy for one I am telling you in an easy way, slowly If you want it again then back it up move the cursor again and look at it because I will explain it just like I just explained it if it is there then do it no doubt no doubt no Doubt is ok, it is a good thing, now if not

35:54 If you have doubt then move ahead now observe one thing here These two are going here and there but these It is not true that the plate is not that smooth It has been cut with a knife and fitted there It is rough, it is very rough, it is just It is shown in such an easy way to show Now imagine when these jigsaws will be rough If it is type 100 then it will get stuck when it slips If you go somewhere you will get stuck It got locked with a bang, where will it get locked? What is the fault in the fault, it will get locked it is break in rock it is break in rock atk will go and when she gets stuck she said we will go there She said she will go there, suddenly when If the force increases too much then what will happen Energy will be released which got stuck

36:41 were stuck in each other suddenly it will happen and what will happen from the decrease it will happen from the decrease Earthquake and what comes out of the cloud It will come out in the form of waves It will come out in the form wherever it happens we call it focus or hypo center where it There was a bump where they got locked in If this energy is released then what is an earthquake Earthquake is simply shaking of earth Shake of Doing shakes the meaning and we are the meaning those who live above the earth's surface Destruction becomes destruction because what happened in the earthquake earthquake Release of energy occurred along the fault line

37:28 okay along the fault line fault what I told you a break in rock along fault line in the form of waves in the Form of I understand waves now, these waves travel start doing it will start doing it Where first on the surface of the earth he The point where the earthquake will reach is called an earthquake The epicenter is the point exactly at the focus or center It happens above in all four directions you can see the waves traveling left right everywhere top bottom where the most We will meet first, it is called the epicenter of Earthquake Exact types of seismic waves of an earthquake

38:14 How many types of waves are there here Put it on, okay, so how many kinds are there so what are these seismic waves These are two types of travel There are body waves And the other ones are surface waves, body waves and surface waves when earthquake waves emanate then they are called body waves which are two what kind of waves are P and S when someone There will be rocks etc. from the surface etc. If you get that body wave then it will become your nature It will change and it will become a surface wave Which is called L wave or Love wave or Rayleigh wave also known as

39:00 okay now we will study p wave s wave and what is the difference between them then which p There are waves, this is the longitude When I talk about nature, longitude What does this mean for nature, impatient waves if we say this in hindi then it is This means that give vibration is written here. I give you vibrate They vibrate parallel to the direction of parallel to the direction of propagation of Wave Direction Off Propagation of

39:45 Wave ok so here the wave is going on like this So their direction of propagation will be If he too is like this then this would happen because of this that these kinds of waves have compression and Rare fractions are created, okay? What are compression and rarefaction created? Fractions create compression and Rare fraction due to which when this travel It makes P waves wherever it is things stretching things stretching what does compress mean, to press that's called the squeegee way i write I'll give it to you here okay that's where the compression And because rare fractions do, then this The squeeze will press the cheese and the surface and will stretch

40:30 pull this is the work of p waves waves which are there let's first see s waves Let's understand about S and L waves whatever happens it vibrates Perpendicular to the direction of propagation The off wave vibrates perpendicularly Therefore it creates crust and trough ok p waves solid liquid and gas Capable of traveling by all three mediums Their speed is highest in solids what is this in liquid and then in gas The ratio of their speed is S wave in the medium risel this sound wave it's like a sound wave this is what I am saying sorry sound wave What am I saying, these P waves are the result of the

41:17 sound waves these are s waves they can Travel Only Through Solid can travel only through Solid means it travels only through solids You can do this and this is a very important thing that helps us to find out Where is the interior of the Earth solid? Think for yourself where it is and where it is not A wave will pass through it If you accept that you have travelled, it means that there's that liquid there, that part part is liquid because in the solid itself I can only travel so what else can I do? You can travel everywhere, that is why you should pay attention keep it results sound wave p wave which is this Sound is like a wave which travels through all three mediums travels in and the speed ratio is

42:03 this is what happens to the sound wave also this surface wave it is most destructive what is this yes it is the most destructive The one who causes destruction is this one but who asks first to reach there So it reaches First to reach, first to hold the slippers Taking it immediately and trapping it and running away fast She runs and reaches there first Because it is first to be recorded on Seismograph first to be recorded on Seismograph What is a seismograph sir recorded on seismograph so earthquake The waves are called seismic waves and they a recorder of earthquake waves The instrument is a seismograph

42:48 okay now we should consider that We have studied all three types of waves And you got it, now we move on what is the shadow zone what is the shadow zone What is shadow zone, see this We know from Let's go We Sir, want Africa and India to meet each other is the news true which plate is affected Tomorrow you will tell me this, son, when Alfred Wegener's Continental Drift Theory When I will teach, I will teach you there, jizz of it I am going to talk about P wave and S wave. Shadow people now from this we come to know that the meaning How is the interior that I started to tell you about I didn't tell you I will tell you later Look at this thing when we measured P waves From Gujra Arth we came to know that this She is traveling everywhere but she is 105 degrees to 145 degrees to see us

43:35 can't find it can't find it I mean that is their shadow zone. Why did this happen from 105 to 145 This happened because we know that we Now you know what is solid crust and the outer core is liquid crust and The mantle is solid and the core is liquid The core one is when it went through PVS was passing at a great speed No problem when it hits the outer core If you did it then liquid came here, its speed what happened it has slowed down its speed has become slow Because of which s wave was not found here When I spent my time in the outer core I came here No S wave because it is slow then it is not There is no S wave, it is just solid If I can travel from here then liquids would come That's why he won't reach there

44:21 Its shadow area is very large 105° to 105° its 100 is from 5 to just Up to 145 its shadow zone is at 40 hota hai off earth Surface just understood that the scientist How would you have known that there was so much liquid inside how is it ok so this is what we call it How to measure an earthquake We would have two scales for earthquakes The first thing is if we talk about waves Earthquake waves which cause earthquakes There are waves of which we call it a seismograph but when we talk Do Are Magnitia If an earthquake of magnitude 5 occurs then

45:13 Magnitia how to keep that magnitia from a Limitless sir, I have done it from zero to 10 I had once studied from zero to 10, that is why I say because the intensity is more than 10 We didn't actually get to see the earthquake that's why we say it is up to 10 but it is a limitless scale makali scale ki agar If we talk about it, then it ranges from one to 12. value goes it's clear effects What are earthquakes? What are the signs of an earthquake? If this happens then many things happen All our bridges that collaborate when the earthquake occurs the buildings etc. that we built go away There would be lots of those clips things happen but some important ones like

46:00 A tsunami occurs if an earthquake causes an earthquake why what is tsunami so tsunami which yes this is what happened when the tsunami was made When the hypocentre of an earthquake repeats The hypo center of the earthquake is below sea level If you are down then tsunami comes tsunami stands for tsunami is a japanese term It is a term which means harbour. Waves harbor waves consider this as the sea OK Understand it like this, it is the whole sea Now here the plates slid together when the plate

46:45 If they slide together then it will displace the water She will move very fiercely because this isn't your home plate Brother, this is a lithospheric plate, this is very This plate will be scary, this is fine One plate is going this way, one is going that way So when suddenly the water here in the middle If it is stuck in it will get displayed immediately And when it is displayed, it will also be in waves. will travel the same waves in form We speak of Tsunamis that affect coastal regions then when will the tsunami occur when there is an earthquake Epicenter When the epicenter of an earthquake or Hypo Center Ground will be inside the sea floor then swal

47:32 It should be liquefied and swallowed You know that it gets liquefied, right? Suddenly when that happens then large parts of the earth will When pieces fall, it is called a landslide what is an avalanche that hits your the large glaciers that are there or Our ice is snow so snow balls When it comes it's fine, falling from above from the mountains or from above the glaciers when Snowy mountains are falling, you can say okay if there's a landslide then the land What makes a piece of land fall in a slide? a piece of glacier falls here There is a flood in the fire, a fire breaks out These cases include cases of earthquake What are we told in case of an earthquake Suppose right now that you are sitting there I'm taking a class, suddenly an earthquake comes what should I do immediately You should go to your table immediately This immediately alerts us to major earthquakes

48:20 You should have bought that DD in your childhood, right? You might have heard or seen in the National that he used to come Advertise that small children are there and get into it yes that has to be done why so that if something Kolappan hasn't fallen on your head yet things happen what are the types of earthquakes These are different types of earthquakes what we were just studying was tectonic There was an earthquake, tectonic means where the plates were sliding together Because of that earthquake was happening so tectonic Earthquake Explosion What is an Earthquake? do you know that when mining etc was done it goes well when our important What is done to extract minerals Big explosives were kept here and when those explosives are here are kept and they explode Because of that the trimmer i.e. that which is inside

49:06 Of The earth surface, the earth, shakes and The earthquake that occurs because of that, those waves travels in the form of and we call him Speaking from the Explosion Earthquake Collab What is an earthquake? Mines are fine. There are underground mines when someone If mining of cheese was to be done then such caves Caves are made in such a way that they are big deep deep deep deep caves are made By doing this very deep caves are created. Now if it suddenly collides with One will collex, the second and the third will do it like this Even when a series of collapses occur we The tremors are seen to be of such intensity of no but yes but it again Slight shaking in surrounding areas too The movement which is felt can be seen and experienced ok that is called claps earthquake Earthquakes that occur due to volcanoes

49:53 Vulcan to him an earthquake and reservoir An induced earthquake is said to be when someone A reservoir is constructed i.e. a dam Dams etc. are built for that too I processed all those things deep inside If it happens then the earthquake that happened because of that Its reservoir induces like India When the Koyna dam was built in 1910, was it not Koyna? koyna dam tomorrow tomorrow no sorry tomorrow means I taught in the NTPC class So Koyna is a dam in Maharashtra which Krishna's tributary Koyna is built on So when it was made, then after that its Because of that we got to see an earthquake then I came to know that earthquakes can happen like this too Not just naturally, but officially That means we call them humans Induced earthquakes or artificial ones or anthropogenic What does anthropogenic mean in which evolution of humans takes place Whatever happens because of humans is human

50:39 These are also called induced earthquakes This much has become clear, this is our last thing The last topic is and that is what our The whole of India is divided into four seismic zones It has been divided into total four seismic zones Who are these people who are the last ones? This is our thing, okay, after that we will do MC cuz you will tell me what is the timing of the class 10:00 am onwards ok from 10 am onwards So this is zone two, this is zone three, this is zone four this is zone five, zone two, wherever If it is completely light orange then it is least active That means the more earthquakes you will experience here This area is not visible This area is gone, what is all this here But we don’t see that many earthquakes we will meet then come to zone three zone These come to us in three if we talk

51:25 If you do that then this part of Uttar Pradesh Some part of Jharkhand is ours The Western Ghats part is of Zone Four When we talk about Gujarat in zone four some part of New Delhi ok in Punjab You must be hearing about earthquakes in Delhi too There was a small earthquake, it meant a small one Earthquakes keep happening so Delhi is also a very dangerous zone Zone in three means Sir that two The one with three is not that risky The one with four is at greater risk is at risk and the one with five is an intense risk i.e. very strong feeling of hunger If there are chances of a strong earthquake then this Which region is in zone five? Ladakh Jammu and Kashmir which is the entire Himalayan region The entire Himalayan belt is a stretch I haven't read it yet, but you must be knowing this Then you must know that Jammu is on the upper side of Himalayas Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal, Uttarakhand and these

52:12 This is a big problem for the whole North East is to the earthquake our peninsula The plateau is a peninsular plateau If you look at the part, it is not that prone for earthquakes, that is, most of the That's part of Zone 2 of our Pennines plot I come a little bit in Gujarat on January 3 This part is more prone for earthquake and you heard it here too Bhuj earthquake happened in 2001 Earthquake came in Bhuj, Gujarat in 2001 I got a ruffle of 76.9, exactly By the way, this earthquake is of 7 A on Richter scale. The intensity of the was measured which occurred here Andaman Nicobar should also take care of this Jan 5 this jan five comes in this jan five I am yours, this one from the Himalayas, This area is mostly in the Peninsula, in the Jan. 5 Our plate comes in Jan 2

52:57 clear this pacific this ring of fire there is a ring off those areas in the fire pacific ocean that Areas and points which are more prone to volcanic activity and now volcano About this not today but in tomorrow's lecture will read ok more prone to volcano Activity and earthquakes is called as because the ring of fire is in the pacific it is called pacific ring of fire or we call it Sarkum You can see this, it is also called Pacific Belt you can see this whole area It is red now it is so more volcanic activity and here Earthquakes happen so you should understand that as many volcanoes as there are volcanoes

53:42 there is complete meaning in the surface in meaning so its 75 so volcano is 75 This belt alone has as many as Earthquakes happen as many times as there are earthquakes Out of that, 90% are seen This is where they come, they are so prone you can see it here Japan Indonesia Countries like these are all located here That is why in Indonesia every day every month we read in current affairs that Crocodile Twa Crocodile Twa come here in indonesia there is a volcano There was some activity and an earthquake struck Japan this is because the circumpacific belt or The Pacific Ring of Fire is what you are Very prone to the earthquakes lecture hota yes we will finish the questions now okay Let's get to the questions quickly

54:34 so let's do the first question of the Following is the Scientific Discipline Concern with the description and classification of Tell me the topographic features of the Earth quickly say sir p waves back please niku sharma p Let's go back to the waves, till then you can ask this question and we will do this second question quickly okay quickly these two questions then do it from till p wave we explain them p wave p wave p way p way p wave let's explain Look here, there are two types of seismic waves There are two types of body surface There are P and S P which are waves It goes like this

55:19 In this way this compression rare fraction is where There is compression in the drink where the compression is happening there squeezing and Where this rare fraction is present, it is we call it stretching okay now this p wave S wave I said two types of body waves The P wave reaches the R fastest First to the seismograph these are sound waves what is the longitude of nature like It vibrates in the same direction The direction in which she is moving It is going in this direction I am vibrating like this This is the direction in which it is moving in that because it is like a sound wave If the result is this then the specialty of sound wave is this It moves fastest in solids P waves cleared in the gas okay and a wave just travels in solid can do it okay so let's first question what is the answer to

56:06 There must be a discussion about topographic here If yes then sir its answer will be Jio Morpho Ji you were not good in geology option If it would have been in Geology option then maybe you would have Geology would kill many people Morpho gee is where we find the meaning Topographic features i.e. mountain valleys All this is in what is above the earth's surface Let's study what is inside geology Who is the father of the person inside who reads those things Yes, our James Hutton ji is option number C. Tomorrow we will read about Alfred Wegener people ok the forces watch act in the The interior of the earth are called as this also I did not teach you this either, I think We will see them in the day after tomorrow's class it's internet you can skip it ok I mean I haven't read it yet, that's why I'm leaving it ask the next question quickly next our question is and that is which Theory Describes the Collective Hey or This

56:52 I don't even have to do it right now, it's ok to answer it Milan will have a witch theory but this too I don't know, we will do it tomorrow, I will ask you questions Should I remove it or why don't I remove it even tomorrow By the way, I had removed it but it did not come back again I went there and today he cheated me The question was removed, okay the answer is its matching ko wish hoga it tells how the the earth is moving, the surface of the earth which If our plate is moving then it will affect the climate What kind of impact is this having on you right now? The question was in the CHSL paper asked Sir, Father of Geography, Ratto ok call snis father of Geography Ratto Thini is called this Well okay so there is the Milan Kovis theory anyways how their movement depends on the climate If it affects then Milan Kovis theory hoti hai then dash is the study of distribution of movement of water both on below the surface as well as the impact of

57:40 human activity on water availability If water is becoming water then it is obvious Hydrology will be option number B Ecology So we will read what happens later highly viscous mechanical weak and ductile region of Earth's upper mantle is called the edge of the Earth highly viscous mechanical properties of the upper mantle What about the weak and resilient sector? It is said that we call it ethno sphere lithosphere lithosphere you know Anoska what comes complete crust plus Upper Solid mental is okay mezzo sphere so one The layer of the atmosphere is the point on the surface nearest to the focus of the Earthquake is called as it is, what is the focus by what name do we know hypo What is the point of the center he is asking in its name

58:26 whoever is nearest to this then whoever is nearest That is the option for the epicenter of an earthquake Number b dash the dash i responsible for meaning that the magnetic field which gives the Earth its Where do we get the magnetic field from? If it is found, we had seen friend that it would be This is your outer core and this is your inner core and outer core Whatever happens is liquid so it comes from here When it rotates it rotates, so it A magnetic field is generated from its If yes then option number C is fine Manjri Awasthi after how long did you remove this video Please give this video 15 to 20 minutes minutes later ok earths core is manly made The core of the earth is mainly composed of It is made of nickel, copper, nickel, alumina, nickel Iron or nickel and alumina then it is of no use The core is made up of Ni Fe Ni Fe Fe What is yes iron is ok the symbol for iron is ae

59:13 So what is ni fe and sial sial Your silicon is aluminum which The crust remains, that is, the crust of the Earth What is the limit of silica and magnesium happens so that what is made of us Make a Mental Okay, next question is what is the outside layer? of the earth is less dense thick and acetic to Granite Composition What is this, it is less dense, thick and granite what more hint is left now can only give you continental crust what is the oni crust like it is thin That means it is thinner and heavier only then If both are found then Oceanic one Where was the subduction zone forming? The convergent plate it is within the boundary right and what is ours

59:59 There is a transform plate boundary in it Nothing is being created or destroyed and granite and what is it made of Oceanic crust is made of basaltic rock is next is 11th the crust is the earth's outer the most layer that is less than dash percent of Earth by mass with oceanic crust and continental crust consisting of More felsic rock than Earth's crust The most layer is the crust when we talked about Whether we talk about bye volume or bye Mass talk it was on 1 and less was on 1 Remember, volume 1 is at 84 and 15 These are by volume by mass on 1 and slightly less than that 68 par and remaining is Remaining is what on 31st this will happen

1:00:44 This is our buy volume, this is what we have done I read it and what was it I read bye mass mass south movie wala masso what is it The name of the seventh most endangered species is derivative of the latin word calion meaning cross did you read the composition of this? did you read it? ol yeh yeh Did you read how much oxygen silica contains? Aluminium is the next most commonly used chemical element, followed by iron. if yes then which number is it first second third fourth who are we talking about seventh most Endangered came out of Calian hey how much oxygen is there occurs at 46.6 Sir, these questions have not come in the 2024 exam

1:01:34 Has Sudhanshu come at all but just now The answer key has not arrived yet, it's okay when the answer key arrives If you go then we will get that done too because I think the answer is coming today If it is going to happen then only I will get it done by adding it Now you have to add the question exactly no what was the option now so stop CGL buses are also going to arrive, so two buses or three Manage it in four lectures and then the rest everything is going to be found ok on silica 27 If we talk about aluminium it is at 8 What is Rally and how much iron is Rally The amount given is 5.5, followed by calcium Then comes sodium, then it goes like this Increases highly developed mechanics, weak ductile region we have done sinosphere is What is the thickness of the lithosphere? If the lithosphere is thick then the crust Our lithosphere extends up to 100 kilometers

1:02:20 How far does the mental go for 200 kilometers? goes the mental Outer core up to 2900 km and outer core up to 5100 km Inner core Inner core is an obvious thing will go up to a radius of Next is The Mohs discontinuity look at us mohro mohro rovic The full name is but we call it in short moho It is said that Moho discontents her so brother this is the crust this is the mantle and this The core is your upper crust of Yenko Mental Division and Division of a Corps Someone Me Me means Moho i.e. crust and mantle end Crust and Mantle Someone Bring Me a Red Rose The Layer of Earth That Separates the Crust from the core then what separates the crust from the core If it does, then it's between the crust and the core

1:03:06 This is asking for direct discontinuity He is not asking about discontinuity asking for layer not asking for discontinuity If so, which layer is the thickest? This is option number C, match it with this question This is a good steno question and it sizzles He has also asked this in mains, I think I asked you exactly like this, so oh my god You could have matched it if you didn't have the percentage also you know o seal o the most If it is more, then it means he will get the donation After that which is the second highest number If this is the number then he will also get the gift Which is the third highest one? If it is there then it will get an A, if it is saved then it will get a D What will be the answer of C B AD C B AD CB AD Option Number c What is the correct sequence of layers you can see how basic basic There is a question from but tough ones can also come Even if they come, first of all our crust

1:03:52 then comes the mental then comes the core So option number B will be the correct answer 20 Ch of the following is a large group of rock Forming Silicate Materials Sorry Minerals that canto more than 50 per of earth crust and It is widely used in the glass and ceramic Launch the book series of Industries Peeva please will be helpful preeti sudha das ok okay if we make notes of this If you don't make it then provide us notes sir Get it done as soon as possible so that Hindi medium Even the people did not face any problem, Ashu Bas don't worry it will be provided soon ok your order failed me Spar we read what these are aluminum silicate i told you I told you that our crust is mostly oh so These are rocks of silica and aluminum They are called felt spar. Next question

1:04:37 Please do a little statement question or This was asked in the CPO paper this time please do it please sir also repeat this p wave shadow Zone take together you guys can't ask pave repeat the shadow zone of this quickly Till then you can question us, we will go to the shadow zone Let me explain, okay, this is what we mean Ok Everyone attempts the second question till then will do this is the surface of the earth okay There is the crust and there is the mantle and there is the core. I make the crust and not the mantle I am making it because both are solid so drink What happens to the P wave when we pass through it By doing this and this way I was getting drunk a lot was going, was going, someone was going No problem but as soon as it hits the core So friend his speed has slowed down a bit The speed has slowed down, so there is no problem here

1:05:24 but when I hit it the speed slowed down If it happened then it happened because it was slow why did it become slow because we had read p The speed of waves is highest in solids in liquid and in gas its here But we did not get to see this zone Its shadow mass is between 105 and 145 It's okay now when the stress is gone When the stress on the edge overcomes the Friction There's an Earthquake That's release of energy in waves that travel through Earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel This is the same definition that we read What is Earthquake? Shaking of Earth Where does the fault occur along the fault line? What happens when waves break in rocks travels in the form of body wave surface Wave body wave is of two types P waves S waves P wave first reaches and the surface wave that is N is the most destructive

1:06:09 Earthquake cannot be identified as a for Shock occurs during earthquake in the same area as you People must have heard that when an earthquake etc. occurs So these are our animals, cows

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