EXPOSÉ SHEET | Continuation of Intellectuals that Revolutionized the World

0:01 Finally the lesson that we have been waiting for an expos sheet for sigment fr deeply flawed figure became canonized an intellectual revolutionary. This is a legitimate and separate question from whether nga ah nadala siya among the intellectuals who revolutionized the world. So whether his ideas were correct or his conduct were admirable, Freud is canonized primarily because of his influence and his reach, not because

0:49 of psychoanalysis has held up as well as science and it was even considered as a pseudo science before and we'll talk about it more later. He was the first who developed a systematic theory and clinical method built around the unconscious mind, repression and those what we have talked about before last meeting the childhood trauma or your any negative things that have happened during your childhood development na this uh unconscious part of your mind they are drivers of your adult behavior. So there is a paradigm shift on how society talked about the self. Kasi

1:36 before Freud people were already uh satisfied that human beings are rational beings. Kumbaga we are conscious beings. But may amon Gala si Freud nga idea na meron tayong unconscious mind that motivates some of our conscious decision. his vocabulary ego id def mechanism freudian slip projection denial it became embeded in everyday language pati literature sa art just like

2:22 surrealism and [sumisingasing] film also far beyond clinical psychology also he founded international movement ang international psychoanalytic association on 1910 that train generations of practitioners and spread his framework worldwide worldwide his work directly shaped 20th century fields well beyond medicine. Ah may araman niya ara sa literary criticisms, anthropology, marketing and advertising event through his nephew Edward Berne and also for philosophy. So in short, ang intellectual revolution

3:10 status of the psychoanalytic theory of Freud uh as used in history of ideas courses, it tracts cultural and disciplinary impact not the moral character and not whether theory was scientifically sound. So just like with Copernicus and Darwin they are judged by the same standard soari sila revolutionary impact sila independent of their personal conduct of both individuals Darwin and Copernicus. This is the same standard ginapply man kay Freud and it is worth naming directly because it is precisely what allows someone with the record below

3:59 hindi man clean track si Freud to still appear on the intellution the world. So let's try to see mga documented issues, malpractices and patriarchal biases. So these are backed up by evidences. Real case, real uh these are all based on true things that have happened around Freud. So first is ang iya ni Emma Extin case on 1895. May malpractice siya and ginblame niya pa ang patient. Ginblame niya si Emma. Sino si Emma Xin?

4:45 She was an Austrian author. She was one of Sigmon Freud's most important patients. And for a short period of time, around 1897, naging ano man siya, naging psychoanalyst man siya. She was even described as the first woman analyst. and Emma Xin became both colleague and patient for Freud. As an analyst, while working mainly in the area of sexual and social hygiene, she also explored how day dreams are, ang mga ginatawag ng parasitic plants and also uh how these parasitic plants invaded the life of young girls.

5:34 Freud referred to his patient na si Emma Extin sa una 27 years old pa lang siya to his friend William Flies para magp-Nasal surgery. Bason Fly's now discredited theory that nasal tissue daw was reflexivity linked to sexual menstrual symptoms. It is highly wrong. It is discredited now in modern medicine. So what happened? The surgery was of course botched. So flies left roughly half a meter. Nabil niya ang half a meter of surgical

6:21 inside Emma Extin's nasal cavity. half a meter of surgical inside Emma's nasal cavity causing severe and of course nearly fatal hemoraging over several weeks and nagkaroon siya ng permanent [sumisingasing] facial disfigurement because of this when began begun hemoraging in front of him humble ni freud own account ni freud is gescribe he left the room and then he composed himself with a drink rather than alagaan or like alalayan si Emma

7:09 naghemorage just now in front of him and also rather than hold flies accountable ginreassure ni Freud friendched operation on Emma ginreinterpret niya ang pag-hemorage ko na ni Emma Extin as a wish bleeding. Ginlabel naman as a pathology. Naging hysterical lang daw si Emma Xtime. Psychologically motivated symptom daw ang pag-hemorage sa ngyailong supposedly caused by her own longing for attention.

7:54 Guess attention seeking lang daw sixtine. That's why ginphemorage ni MX ang nasal cavity. rather than dapat may direct result or rather than acknowledging that that hemorage is a direct result surgical negligence ni flies. So of course this episode is one of the most cited examples of Freud's pattern of reflexively attributing ang women's physical suffering to hysteria. Kung magreklamo ang babae, hysteria. Kung may

8:40 mga amuning medical emergencies, naghisteria lang daw ang female rather than to verifiable physical causes. So espcially pag-ubrayan ginotekan niya ang friend. patient to protect his male colleague. >> Next, let's go to the promotion of cocain and the death of another friend. So friend naman si si Freud nga si Dr. Ern Von Fly Marso 1884 nag-publish si Freud book aring Uber Coca

9:26 on on Coca which naga-promote cocaine as a safe and non-addictive stimulant and treatment for morphine addiction also treatment for depression and treatment for fatigue. So he personally encouraged his close friend ng si Dr. Ernst nga already addicted na sa morphine after a botched man nga thumb amputation which is unrelated pero because of that naginaddicted siya sa morphine. Hambal ni Sigmon Freud, you use cocaine as cure for your addiction to morphine. I don't know what the logic is here. Maybe you'll not be addicted to morphine anymore because youl be addicted to cocaine. I'm not so sure. So, fly cell marks how

10:13 instead develop a severe cocaine addiction including nagkakaroon siya ng mga cocaine induced cycosis and on top of his existing morphine addiction pagid nagkaroon pagid siya ng cocaine addiction. So Dr. Ernst von Fly Marshell died at the age of 45. And still friend, Freud continued publishing favorably on cocain for several more years even as evidence of its addictiven and the harms that have accumulated. His own medical reputation was damaged as a result. Multiple historians, Gan

10:58 and biographers noted that Freud himself used cocaine regularly for roughly a decade. If weve known that fact that he has used cocain regularly for roughly a decade, it now raised a longstanding question about his own independence, his own mindset during this time, during his time. He then you know fit to be tending to his patients being regularly using cocaine. All right, let's proceed.

11:44 Next is the seduction theory reversal. In 19 in 1896 Freud propos nagpropose bago ni theory which is the seduction theory. Ah it says that angsteria in his patients daw is nag-originate from a real childhood sexual abuse. And within about a year Freud abandoned this theory. Sa una ginabal nga hysteria came from real childhood sexual abuse pero wala pa isa ka tuig gin ano niya na ginretrack yan ng iya proposal wala nag gindayon he abandoned this theory proposing instead nga ang iyang patients

12:29 or ang mga gina-report ng abuse sa iyang mga female patients of course were largely unconscious lang daw ng fantasies so what did he do He gaslit his patience. It was ano lang daw largely unconscious fantases fantasies rooted in infantile sexuality. That's why nagkaroon ng concept of odipus complex. Of course, contested interpretation, we have to still be cautious about looking at it this way because Freud's own stated reasons for this reversal daw is based on historical record.

13:18 Kaya hindi man daw methodological ang pag let's say pag-studies mga memories. Hindi man, you still have to have room for doubt about it. Hindi siya reliable kasi gina-report, ginwento lang siya eh sa mga patient niya. So based daw on historical record kaya niya daw ginbawi ang iya una ng theory ng seduction theory. But psychoanalyst turned critic si Jeffrey Mason controversially argued 18s nga si Freud abandoned his theory daw because it was socially unacceptable to accuse the

14:05 fathers of the Vienas Bourgeoise widespread nga child abuse. ginbawi ilang daw ang iyang theory seduction theory is because damdamo nga mga rich noble elite people sa viana would be red tag as child abusers of their own children and that this reversal effectively silenced ang mga real abuse victims of course by recasting their accounts as fantasy or gindam gulang nila because they have audipus complex they are As children daw, as female daughters are sexually attracted to their fathers. And this motive is debated among

14:51 historians and cannot be stated as a settled fact. That's why we have to be cautious in you know retelling this story. But of course ang effect pala ang real reports of abuse being reframed as fantasy it's still occurring even now in the modern era. It is uh wala siputed but it's it is happening buta-dispute. So yun. Next. Theories of female sexuality built on presumed male norms. Freud's theory of what he calls the penis envy.

15:38 We are just women are just jealous of males cuuse we don't have penises. That's what Freud says. So ang penis envy, it held that female psychological development is organized around a girl's supposed sense of anatomical lack relative to boys. That's why females are that so ba ginlabel ang females asics is that may unconscious nga pagkahisa sa boys kay wala kita pinis and he treated male anatomy and development as the normative baseline

16:24 against which female development was defined as deviation or lack so siya ang nag-decide Um kumbaga kinamba ko ng man science male ah male scientists just do science things. Let me put this as simple as possible. Male scientist do science things and uh assess females bodies based on male standards which is very uh let me say prone to error siya eh if that's so so a structure feminist

17:10 scholar si the one on the farthest left si Karen Horney she is one of Freud's own contemp temporaries within the psychoanalytic movement and later si Betty Fridan the one in the middle and Kate Millet the on the fardest right they explicitly and directly criticized ang psychoanalytic theory nga penis envy ni Freud as an unscientific projection of the patriarchal assumptions rather than a clinical Freud isly on record with thease anatomy is destiny. It used to argue that

17:57 biological sex differences fundamentally and unavoidably daw determin psychological and social roles. But according to Karen Horny, a practicing psychoanalyst man si Karen Horney though nag she talks about neuroticism as well. So that's a topic for a different time or maybe you've already encountered that in your understanding the self course. Siya na si Karen Horney is a critic of Freud. Nag-publish siya mismoang direct rebottles niya kay Freud sa Penis NV during 1920s. So ginargue ang theories ni

18:44 Sigmon Freud. Meron man siya isang own femininity theories mga theories of femininity niya reflected male bias rather than evidence proposing that men ko yeah ang nahisa sa babae so ginawag man nga womb env as a countery bottle to sigm flo's penis nv so so so so so absurd Next, the Dora case this woman is si Ida Bower. Freud's patient nga si Ida Bower given the Sudanim Dora was brought to him by her father. This is what I was

19:30 telling you about hindi lang man ang mga husbands ang nagdadala sa ilang wives kay Sigman Freud but also the fathers. So what happened with the case of Ida Bower? Si Ida or gin pangalanan siya aka Dora. He was brought to Freud by her father after what do you think happened here? This is a sad case. After Dora rejected the sexual advances of a family friend. after nag-reject sa sexual advances ni Air K.

20:17 That's a that's an initial for you. Gin padala siya sa tatay mismo kay tungod wala igin pasugtan ang friends ang iya ng tatay na makipagsex sa iya. And then ba sa sobra kagalit after ginject sexual advances family friend father's friend he confronted her father over his own affair over sa affair father sa wife ni air cake. So that's why pala nga everything you know went out of bounds kay may affair man g ang father sa wife

21:04 ni isang friend nga nag-try to sexually seduce or make sexual advances to her and of course Freud interpreted Dora's refusal of aircase advances and her anger at her father as symptoms of her own repressed unconscious desire for daw kaya daw siya kaya niya daw ginreject si Erk is because she has her own repressed and unconscious desire to be wanted by Air what? Let's not say bad words. Rather than as a reasonable man reaction to unwanted advances

21:50 and family betrayal. So the Bower terminated treatment after roughly 3 months lang against Freud wishes of course and the case is widely cited mangapon up to this day including by clinicians and historians sympathetic to psychoanalysis as an example of Freud interpreting a young woman's justified anger and refusal of unwanted advances as pathology as hysteria as just her own symptoms lang daw of her own repressed and unconscious desire for

22:38 her sexual harasser. What a fish. Next authoritarian control of the psychoanalytic movement required close followers to sign may loyalty pledges iyang secret committeeinform during 1912 to defend ang orthodox psychoanalytic theory against internal descent. Wala dapat may mga ma-question, wala dapat may ma-traidor sa mga members. So colleagues who propose theoretical alternatives including this person here on the left si Alfred Adler kag on the right is si

23:24 Carl Yong both early ni sila kag prominent members ni sila secret committee kaso they were pushed out of the movement after disagreements with Freud rather than tani ang disagreements nga na it they have [sumisingasing] engaged dapat in a legitimate scientific ang inquiry kag discussion so gin ano lang sila gin kick out lang sila just because they disagreed instead nga dapat the the movement would treat them as still members pero legitimate scientific competitors lang and this pattern is cited by historians

24:10 and philosophers of science as evidence At psychoanalysis nga under kayud is often functioned more like a close lang siya ng ideological movement than an open scientific field responsive to confirming evidence or competing theory. Kaya kung may questions kaya palinon ka. All right. Next. scientific criticisms the unfalsifiability may theory of falsifiability daan so it is from the philosopher of science carl popper specifically ginuse niya ang

24:57 psychoanalysis alongside with marxism as ang central example niya for a theory nga hindi scientific so since hindi siya falsifia claims could be made to explain virtually any possible behavior after the fact with knowing without without any um without any means to falsify or to to test or to disprove since hindi siya ma ma-falsify it means ginawag niya ng pseudocience ang psychoanalysis And the one on the farthest left is

25:44 Adolf Grunbom. Isa man na siya ka-critic. And onto the farthest right is Frederick Cruz, literary scholar na ian si Frederick Cruz. They extended ang critique ni Carl Popper arguing that Freud's clinical evidence, quote and quote evidence niya for concepts like repression, Odipus complex, they just often relied on leading man ng mga interpretation patients report or patient stories rather than an independently verifiable data because it is unfalsifiable. Hindi mo siya ma-disprove. Hindi mo siya ma-test. Hindi mo siya ma-verify if it's true. That's hence ginawag ni Carl

26:30 Popper ang psychoanalysis as pseudocience. Next. Uh this one's worse. Freud. Sigmund Freud analyzing his own daughter. Freud personally psychoanalyzes daughter Anna Freud for several years beginning around 1918 including analysis of her sexual fantasies. And since it's a dual relationship, psychoanalyst Yassi Freud and at the same time father Yassi Freud, it is considered as a serious ethical violation. by aton modern clinical

27:18 standards which prohibit analyzing one's own family members hindi ka gan pwede nga ang ima ng therapist is a friend or your family member even sa law hindi ka pwedeng someone related to you ang lawyer right so it prohibit analyzing one's own family members precisely because of the conflict of interest na ginatawag and the power inbalance involved. So Anna Freud did not marry actually in her lifetime wala siya nagpangasawa and she remained closely tied to her father's household and intellectual legacy for the rest of his life. Historians and biographers have long

28:04 discussed the degree to which this reflected Freud's own controlling influence. ina si Anna Freud because nag-linger sa iya ang image kagang teachings iyang father we don't know so ang controlling influence ni Freud over her personal autonomy may tuod-tuod ba siya ng freedom though of course her full motivations remain a matter of biographical interpretation rather settled fact kasi wala man siyang maging humble about it. So puro lang speculations or what if what if ganon.

28:50 So yeah. So putting it together the documented record shows a pattern. kumbaga a founder siya who built a highly influential theory of the mind while also being a protector of his colleagues and himself from accountability by i-rediagnose lang ang inconvenient physical realities as female hysteria also building a theory of female psychology explicitly centered on male anatomy as the norm which is not correct. It's very susceptible to errors and letter C reinterpreting a young

29:35 woman's justified refusal of unwanted advances as her own unconscious pathology. And lastly, running his professional movement in a manner that suppressed internal descents rather than subjecting his theories to open scientific challenge. So none of this is disputed as having happened. What remains genuinely debated among historians is Freud's motives in some cases. So particularly the seduction theory reversal nga ginbawi ito and you know how much weight to give his personal conduct when assessing the historical significance of his idea also knowing na nagka-coaine siya all those

30:20 times his inclusion also of uh his inclusion here sa intellectual revolutions ng curricula, it reflects the scale of his cultural and disciplinary influence. So the same man criterion used for Capernicus and Darwin and not an endorsement. We must remember this. It is not an endorsement of his methods. Siya sa intellectual uh intellectuals who revolutionize the world is not because he is the perfect or a really good person. It is just that nainfluence

31:06 beyond psychology. naka-influensya beyond psychology, beyond medicine ang iyang ways but it is not an endorsement of his methods. It is not an endorsement dapat subong sa mga patients ang ginubray sa patience or that his theories about women are true. So that's it. this is a very comession exposet about Freud