Florida's Chitlin Circuit

0:07 The Depression, Jim Crow segregation, through civil rights integration in the 1960s, Florida became an epicenter of America's Chitlin Circuit. The Chitlin Circuit, it is a culture, a trail from the Midwest to Florida, up the East Coast. to New York and back to provide opportunities for African -American artists of all trades. My mother when I left she said you keep your little mouth closed and don't be looking at those white people in the face and don't try to deal with nothing. She was very serious. I have yet to talk to anybody that played the Chitlin Circuit that says I don't want to talk about it or those

0:54 were bad times better forgotten no man they said don't want to talk about it or those were bad times. man those were great we had great gigs believe we're working every night we made better money back then than we make now urban dance palaces backwoods juke joints and scores of venues in between welcomed african -american stars on the rise and nurtured homegrown legends in the making own legends in the making. It was great training you know it was great training for us to have have experienced that. In the old days they performed for a little more than down -home chitlins and cheeseburgers grinding out a living to the far corners of Florida. If you were

1:42 on the show with a headliner you better prove you belong to be up there. That's the Chitlin Circuit. Sam and Dave, B .B. King, James Brown, Etta James, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and Tina Turner. So many Chitlin Circuit legends. This is their story. In Jim Crow, Florida, the Chitlin Circuit came to be in

2:33 historically black neighborhoods like Belmont de Villars and Pensacola, also known as the Blocks. There may be trouble, but then, so while there's moonlight to music and fun, and romance. This century -old building in the heart of Belmont de Villers is now home to Five Sisters Blues Café. Wall decorations pay homage to Chitlin Circuit legends like... All decorations pay homage to Chitlin Circuit legends like Bobby Blue Bland and Ike and Tina Turner, who played neighborhood clubs like Abe's 506 and the

3:18 Elks Club. I moved in here in 1965. For 40 years, Gussie Streeter's record store occupied this space. Touring musicians all came in, and to record station WBOP that operated up on the second floor. It was great. A part of a few of them walked through just about all of my guests that was upstairs at WBOP radio station would come down and speak to me. I remember just artists coming in here giving us their 45 because they would go and they would try to get them on the radio and they would put them in here. It gave them an outlet to be able to sell their

4:04 these neighborhood clubs and businesses that supported them were crucial career building blocks for black artists whose records were not widely played yet on the radio. Community was everything because what we were doing would not necessarily be accepted by the larger mainstream population. So we built these these hubs of meaning and hope. And that's what our community. of meaning and hope and that's what our communities were for us in the 1940s and 50s as the black middle class grew sprawling urban dance halls like the manhattan casino in saint petersburg and the palms of hallandale in miami featured artists like bb king lewis armstrong and ella fitzgerald florida's icon of soul ray charles

4:53 played underage at the two spot in jacksonville underage at the two -spot in Jacksonville. My name is Sam Moore. We're only of Sam and Dave. Future Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Sam Moore grew up in Miami's black ghetto known as Overtown. His introduction to music was rooted in the Israel Bethel Church Choir and gospel groups. In those days, they called it the chilling sacred. Somebody got to make it to heaven somehow We were open for some of these gospels groups that came in. And let me tell you something, some of the people, leaders in front of the group, like Julius Cheeks, who

5:43 got Clems Fountain. Oh, man. I couldn't believe it. In those days, they used to call oh man i couldn't believe it in those days you used to call it squalling you know oh wonderful sam cook i want to go to sam back in the day in gospel you thought you were at a rock and roll or rhythm and blues show I love God, peace so wonderful. In 1963,

6:33 Sam Cooke recorded his landmark album live at the Harlem Square Club in the heart of Overtown. We talk about Atlanta being the black capital of the South. well, maybe so in many sociological ways, but musically, Miami. Around Miami, there was probably a dozen places, the flagships being the Harlem Square and the Sir John, and a couple of these really swank places. Sam Moore and Dave Prater began their road to stardom, winning a talent contest at the King of Hearts Club in Liberty City. Sam and Dave went on to hone their high -energy call -and -response live act all the time. on their high -energy call -and -response live act all over Florida.

7:23 The Chitlin Circuit, I learned to read, write, and I learned how to speak. I know how to carry myself. Florida's Chitlin Circuit ignited their career. Via Stax Records in Memphis, singles like Soul Man and Hold On, I'm Coming made Sam and Dave the most successful soul duo of the 1960s. We were proud of Sam and Dave, when they made it big,

8:12 because they were local guys. For Blues Hall of Famer Benny Lattimore and other black artists, Jim Crow Miami Beach was segregated. Regardless of their success, they could play there, but not stay. We had to go and get police ID, police picture ID. to id if we were going to be out and about and we you couldn't even go on miami beach If we were going to be out. to go there after dark you had to have a pass from your employer saying yes he's playing at the you know x hotel so please let him on to miami beach tonight you know um so it's uh It

8:57 reminds me of, like, apartheid in South Africa. when their gigs on Miami Beach ended, musicians crossed Biscayne Bay back to Overtown, the Sir John Hotel, and the Hampton House. If you can name me another in 1962 that was bigger than Sir John's, I'd like to know what it was. At 16, Detroit native Betty LeVette had a hit record and headlined in Overtown. My man, yo me, yo me. But traveling through Florida to get there was humbling. Other than just being Black, there would be something where you just couldn't go in it because you were Black. But we're traveling by car,

9:44 air goes to stopping and peeing on the side of a two -lane highway, peeing, trying to pee in a bucket or wherever on the ground. Well, we are on the ground. But it was that was very scary, but it was very exciting to me because I was stupid. But I was very scared. I was a kid. The Green Book guided travelers of color to hotels, rooming houses and private homes across the Jim Crow. South long drives between gigs could be dangerous, especially at night. You can get to Florida and get back. It's a rural area for the most part, undeveloped in a lot of these areas. and there was risk. Certainly a thriving hotbed for KKK and racism. It was hard. Grammy -winning blues man Bobby

10:31 Rush came up with his own solution to get a room at the Holiday Inn. I would go to the telephone, and I would call this hotel, and I would change my voice like I was in shit. I would say, my name is Mr. Smear, and I'm sitting by the verse down there. Our name is Mr. Smear, and I'm sitting by the verse down there in a little old town, like her. Baby! You're done to run! Don't you do? It's one thing I always try to do, be unlike anybody else. Despite the Jim Crow challenges, his former manager says Florida was crucial to James. Brown's career.

11:21 It's not important that I'm Mr. Brown. It's important that I own the right to be called back. And that I can be called back. And I have a choice to turn it down. I'm still James. Florida simply had more square miles, more black population spread out throughout the state, and there were just more venues to play. So the state was probably the most significant in terms of keeping these artists working. There was right to work, and down here, Playing on the Chitlin

12:07 Circuit was for many an African -American young musician. playing on the Chitlin Circuit was for many an African -American That was the ticket out. During the long hours off stage, boredom, homesickness, and fatigue made them vulnerable to substance abuse. The amount of heroin use was tragic in musicians that either just wanted to escape their day -to -day reality and the inconveniences and the degradation that came with the... humbling experience of being a black man in White Room, Jim Crow. Where men, women, alcohol, and jealousy mixed, musicians witnessed instances of extreme violence on the chitlin circuit. I saw a guy, I

12:53 was on the stage, and I saw a guy come up, and there was a guy dancing. with this lady. Well, I guess I suppose it was this lady. He came up and shot him right in the head. Right there. And there were other instances like that, but still Lattimore says he cherishes his time on Florida's chitlin circuit. Let's stay with me now. I look back on it with fond memories. You know, I don't look back and

13:39 say, oh, God, we had to go through this, we had to do this, we had to do that. We enjoyed what we did. In Belmont de Villers, Five Sisters Blues Cafe draws visitors interested in the neighborhood's unique heritage rooted in Mississippi blues. Hood's unique heritage rooted in Mississippi blues and Florida soul. We want people to have a visual representation of history and those people who were here who made that happen so that the next generation can come and tell their story. Coming up, the Chitlin Circuit's fading legacy in Florida's rural, agrarian spaces. his rural agrarian spaces and from this tiny florida panhandle town emerged

14:28 america's greatest soul singer an icon who began his musical journey as a teenager on florida's chitlin circuit in greenville just a dot on the map where the Florida peninsula begins to stretch west to the panhandle, this statue is a tribute to native son Raymond Charles Robinson. Ray Charles, the greatest soul singer who ever lived. Mama, don't you treat me wrong? Come and love me, daddy. Oh, no, all right. All right. All right.

15:17 Locals still call him by his nickname, R .C. Locals still call him. That voice was a gift from God. We are so happy and we are so proud that R .C., we call him R .C., Ray Charles, was from Greenville. Down the road from Ray Charles' boyhood home, Wiley Pittman ran the Red Wing Cafe. That's where young R .C. began his musical journey. Wiley Pittman got Ray Charles interested in the piano, and he started playing the piano. Wiley Pittman sold candy and all goodies, the favorite place to come after school. A lot of space there. They had a jukebox and the

16:06 piano, and you could have fun playing. dirt road 10 miles outside Tallahassee brings us to another rural landmark, the Bradfordville Blues Club. Since 1964, a Chitlin Circuit roadhouse jamming spot on the far eastern reaches of the Mississippi Blues Trail. The little ones that were so, that were so, would be so crowded, it'd be hot. It would be so crowded. It would be hot in there, you know, and no air conditioning. I always had heat and confusion. It was great, though. It was great, but it was a great experience. WLAC, Nashville, Tennessee.

16:57 WLAC. Beginning in the 1940s, Nashville's 50 ,000 watt clear channel WLAC radio. 1000 watt clear channel WLAC radio station became the first to showcase rhythm and blues music, sometimes derisively labeled, race records. Floridians everywhere could hear it. WLAC! Hard to even overstate the importance of that one station. WLAC would make or break your career. There were three old white guys. Everybody thought they were black. And they played nothing but... hardcore soul and rhythm and blues jay hines all the fellas let's get down time for the horseman camelot here we go i would drive around

17:43 in my car to just pick up the signal on sunday nights because it was just the coolest thing on the entire planet for aspiring musicians coming of age in the rural south wlac was a revelation and an education that make me see and an education. That makes me see all genres of music, man. From the gospel to the blues, from the blues to rock and roll, rock and roll to the country western. WLAC was a mixture of education and music. For road warrior musicians like B .B. King, who traveled the Chitlin Circuit, as far as the road would take him. WLAC brought him scores of

18:31 new fans in rural places. The early years, the very first part of it, I had no transportation. I used to have to thumb or take the greyhound bus to make the jobs we had. I'm going to take the Greyhound bus to make the jobs we had. I remember meeting B .B. King for the first time when I was 14. He was playing in a barn outside of town. So I crept around the back of this barn and went out where he was. the most gracious, kind, generous

19:18 guy I'd met. my heart was just pounding with, you know, that My heart was just pounding. temperable fear, but it was just a wonderful experience early on in my life that really set the bar. As a young entertainer in the state of Florida, I believe I was one of the chosen ones. I was saying, I woke up this morning, and V .B. King said, boy, look at you, do you know that And B .B. King said, boy, look at him. Do you know that you got a strong, you got some strong lungs on you? He said, how would you like to go on the road with me? I said, I would love it. B .B. King took me on his wing. As a matter of fact, he adopted me as his godchild. The circuit wasn't about

20:05 making big money. It was about making steady money. And I think that definitely applies to Florida. If you could grind it out, you could make a living for a long time. you know if you could grind it out you could make a living for a long time and grind it out he did between 1957 and 59 king played 126 florida dates as far south as the key west vfw hall the music spoke to migrant workers EFW Hall. The music spoke to migrant workers picking blueberries, tomatoes, and Florida sweet corn. And after all the back -breaking work, needed entertainment.

21:01 I think the agricultural workers, you know, gave the Chitlin Circuit a huge boost. It made the Chitlin Circuit a huge boost. the rhythm, the cadence, the consistency of cooling in the fields, the pain and joy, the jokes, the love, the regret, the family loss, the poverty. Between 1940 and 50, Florida's population shot up nearly 50%. Florida's population shot up nearly 50 percent. Jim Crow juke joints and nightclubs opened in agrarian hubs and small towns. Club Eaton and Eatonville and other growing population centers.

21:47 Where we are now would have been the heart kind of of black Orlando at the time. Before Orlando became a tourism mecca, Dr. William Monroe Wells built the only hotel catering to black travelers. Next door was Orlando's Chitlin Circuit venue, a 1961 show here featured at the bottom of the bill, let alone acts Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, alongside Gladys Knight and the Pips. The South Street Casino wasn't a casino, there wasn't gambling, but it was a meeting space, a performance venue, a place where people could gather, have a good meal, listen to some great live music.

22:33 One surviving Chitlin Circuit venue catering to Florida's rural agrarian workers is the Cow Palace in Dade City. Hey, my name's Warren Snapper -Dotbrook. Been here many, many years. Disabled veteran, served proudly, old now, and willing to do it again if I had to. I'm going to do it again if I had to. The Cow Palace was a staple, you know. The Cow Palace was a staple in East Pasco County. What I mean by staple, everybody waited for Friday night to get to the Cow Palace because they knew it was going to be going on between Friday and Sunday. James Brown, Solomon Bird, Tyrone Davis, he'd been here. I was a young guy. I was a little do -boy. At the time, I would clean up the place and more all out here

23:20 in the front. but I've seen a lot I've seen a lot of people go through here But I've seen a lot of people go through it. and uh this place put Dade City on the map. In small communities with Chitlin Circuit venues there was an obligation to support the artists and keep the music playing. You had this level of music that was not just a bunch of old guys banging around there this was this great music that that morphs into rock and roll and you were expected to be there you know it was like look man we're paying for these guys you know if you don't show up we're not gonna be able to bring them back as the economy goes it seems so go places like the bradfordville blues club closed down in 2023 one of many

24:05 chitlin circuit clubs in lesser traveled parts of florida facing extinction are already gone and forgotten the bradfordville blues it was the place Right for Bill Blues, it was the place. It's where people went to really have a good time in the Clara Hossie area. And I've been out there. Some of the things that we had were so good like this. I would like for that to still be there. Next, female performers who blaze their own trail on Florida's Chitlin circuit using a necessary combination of vulnerability and toughness. combination of vulnerability and toughness. One of them, a pioneer of the electric guitar years before Chuck Berry. Hardline North, Hallelujah!

25:02 In the early 1900s, before there was a Chitlin circuit, iconic women were already blazing their own trail. In Jacksonville's La Villa neighborhood, where the Clara White Mission stands now, the Globe Theatre was home to vaudeville legends. There was Ma Rainey, her original name was Gertrude Pritchett. She joined the cast right in the early 1900s, paired up with Will Rainey, known as Pa Rainey. They had a little show together, a little show that they did with Rabbit's Foot, and they married, and she became known as Ma Rainey, the mother of the blues. married.

25:51 Florida businessman Pat Chappell founded the Rabbit's Foot Traveling Minstrel Show, giving women of color more opportunities. He formed and founded a Rabbit's Foot minstrel show, or the Rabbit's Foot Company. which was this incredible sort of vaudeville touring show uh that traveled in their own rail cars in a very dignified manner they the cast didn't have to you know endure a lot of the suffering that that you would encounter at that time during jim crow in the depression rabbit's foot alumnus and blues legend bessie smith still made enough money to travel with her band via her own train in the fall of with her band via her own train. In the fall of 1930, she pulled in for a week of shows

26:36 at Pensacola's Belmont Theater. Smith hired a pianist from a musically gifted Pensacola family, Ida Goodson, to accompany her. When I think about her music, as being anthems of autonomy. about her music as being anthems of autonomy. Historians see Bessie Smith as a pioneer of female empowerment at a time when most African -American women were expected to be subservient and deferential. When you think about those lyrics, you know what she was saying, she talked about

27:22 her money being her money, her body being her body, her time being her time. During segregation, Florida Chitlin Circuit venues hosted a who's who of iconic women on the rise. Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Big Mama Thornton, Etta James, and Aretha Franklin. I think it was harder for them as it was, you know, basically everything if you were a woman in that day. Long before Chuck Berry, Sister Rosetta Tharp plugged in and pioneered

28:11 electric guitar. Her eclectic look and style made a lasting impression on young Sam Moore of Sam and Dave. Rosetta Thorpe came to our church Israel Bethel. That's in the hood. It was around the street there. Rosetta Thorpe with the guitar. Listen, Rosetta Thorpe. And I wasn't a fan because I heard, I wasn't used to hearing seen a woman do what, you know, do what she was doing with that guitar. Oh, she could go. Yeah. Yeah. I've always cussed, I've always drank. When she headlined in Miami's Overtown

28:57 as a teenager, blues legend Betty LeVette was never one to back down or be quiet. My mother, when I left, she said, you keep your little mouth closed and don't be looking at those white people in the face and don't be trying to tell them nothing. face it nobody's trying to tell them nothing she was born and raised on a plantation in louisiana and she was very serious about that she was not she was very serious so i've always been me this is who this is who i've always been and the only time that i've got in trouble was when i tried to be someone else didn't work well for me as a student didn't work well for me as a child but it worked well when i got grown enough to be in the early 1970s, Miami -born R &B vocalist Betty Wright scored a string of hits,

29:48 including Clean Up Woman. To members of her band, she was an unapologetic perfectionist. Black women, we have always... had to be super strong anyway. You know, and I'm speaking from a black woman's point of view, because this is what I know. Wright once held up a show for an hour as a way of enforcing her policy of no pay in advance, no play. Well, the thing I learned from Betty Wright is this. Get your deposit.

30:35 get your money before you play, because you might not get your money. The cheering musician himself, Reverend Billy Wurtz, has seen the strong women of the Chitlin Circuit. None of the women that were out there doing it were, you know, shrinking violets. They could all take care of themselves. You know, Etta James, she didn't want to F with her at all. I found a dream, I found a dream that

31:25 I just speak to you. You know, Big Mama Thornton? Oh, no, no, no, no, no. I remember Sonny Rhodes telling me, oh, Billy, I was scared of her. Backup singers could protect themselves by pairing up with one of the men in the band. In Tina Turner's case, she was subject to well -documented abuse from her husband and band leader, Ike Turner, before striking out on her own. You have to be a strong woman. You have to show leadership skills. A lot of these artists rose to the top because they were able to find that balance between their feminine persona, which

32:10 attracted people to their music, but also their independent strength that allowed themselves to maintain their integrity and protect themselves. One of the most difficult decisions for women who chased Chitlin Circuit stardom was leaving children home for long stretches to be raised by relatives. My daughter, now that she's my age, we have the greatest and longest conversations, which we were never able to have before because she always kind of resented. the fact that I wasn't there. Not that she wanted me to stay there, she wanted me to take her with me. At the record store she operated near the clubs

32:59 in Pensacola's Belmont de Villers neighborhood, Gussie Streeter brought her sons along. Women's are my color, and you know, we were hard enough to find a job, and if I open this place up, I work for myself, and I have a job, and I can rent. It was for myself and I had a job and I could raise my boys and that's why I opened it up that's one of the main reasons. She was way up ahead of her time uh when it came to running businesses uh and you know and she was she was doing it out of necessity not because she had she had a passion but she was doing out of necessity. In Gainesville Sarah McKnight owned two venues Sarah's restaurant in a converted train car and the Cotton Club on Southeast 7th Avenue. An astute businesswoman, McKnight leaned in and helped make the Chitlin Circuit

33:49 what it was. I think my mother was one of a kind. She truly was a visionary. But I think that my mom really was onto something that could lead to unity amongst people of many backgrounds. it happened at the Cotton Club, it happened at Sarah's place. She was an entrepreneur long before her time. She was a very brave woman, but I'm intrigued by the work that she did, by the perseverance that she had to put into the work, her ability to fight the stigma, just to fight the stigma and do it anyhow. So I think that kind of sums up who she was. I use a

34:35 lot of their stories as I'm raising my two daughters, because they're stories of strength and resilience. I use a lot of their stories as I'm raising my. Today marks a big day. We're setting ourselves strongly anchored in the history of Gainesville, Colossae County, and the state of Florida. We're marking a spot, but all of the people who walked through that door, Jane Brown, B .B. Cain, elephant, All of the people who walked through that door, Jane Brown, B .B. Kane, Ella Fitzgerald, all of those who are making a monument to the Chittenden Circus on their behalf. We certainly are recognizing in a big way a woman who had a big vision and a big heart and a way to make it work is Sarah McKnight.

35:27 Coming up, statewide efforts to preserve for future generations. the few remaining landmarks of the Florida Chitlin Circuit and their stories before they're lost forever. In Florida, arguably the most important state during the Chitlin Circuit's heyday, memories have faded, like the scattered remnants of Club Eaton in Eatonville, and the apartment upstairs to house performers. But there is new hope. I saw this building with the mural on the face of it. I had

36:17 to pull aside and I had to Google it. Soon as I Googled it, I had goosebumps. I just felt like it's an absolute obligation. I felt like it's an absolute obligation to restore this back to what it was, Otto version of it, and it's just the most exciting passion project for me. I'm a refugee with a chip on my shoulder, so for me to be able to be a part of this movement and historic restoration, hand in hand with America's orders left, that is just insanely fulfilling. This civil rights act is not to punish. Its purpose is not to divide, but to end divisions. Divisions which have lasted all too long. Ironically, the

37:03 Civil Rights Act of 1964, ending segregation in public places, helped hasten the decline of the Chitlin Circuit. For the first time, middle and upper income residents, the foundation of traditionally black neighborhoods, could choose more upskirts. of traditionally black neighborhoods could choose more upscale suburban places to live. Something was lost, you know, when they said, well, we had our community, we had our businesses, and then when people could go elsewhere and spend their money, many people did. Still, artists like Bobby Rush, the so -called king of the Chitlin circuit, chose to soldier on. It chose to soldier on. And every time I try to help her, she said, Bobby Rice, you got to be still. But when I look

37:54 back on where I come from, what the best thing to me made me learn my craft. And I learned it well. And I'm good at what I do. In Pensacola's Belmont de Villers neighborhood, where legacies of the Mississippi Blues Trail and Chitlin Circuit intersect, Cultural tourism has helped spark redevelopment. Belmont de Vilas has always embraced this musical legacy. Now others are embracing the musical legacy and so it's it's provided us with an opportunity to really showcase what we've already known is here. We knew that we had history here. We knew we had culture here. We knew we had an amazing economic engine here. It would be nice for them to restore these places.

38:39 it would be great i think it's great that they're restoring those especially if they uh hire me gussie streeter who ran her own record store here for four decades likes what she's seeing he's got to feel good about it serving the community and really i served for 40 years in this particular building. Club after club after club after club and theaters. Ray Charles lived right over kind of where you see those white rooftops and stuff on Church Street. And from there, he would have walked down this way and right up to this building to the musicians here there. In Jacksonville's historic La Villa neighborhood, the

39:28 Ritz Theater looks like a restored jewel. But on a deserted island, many historic places are blighted or gone. But on a deserted island, many historic... I think the difference sometimes with La Villa or Jacksonville in general is that we don't celebrate that history as well as maybe these other cities do. New Orleans really got it down when it comes to celebrating their musical heritage. Jacksonville, not so much. After Orlando's Chitlin Circuit venue, the South Street Casino burned down in the 1980s. a group of concerned citizens bought the dilapidated Wells -Built Hotel next door. A group of concerned citizens. It's now a museum to civil rights figures, as well as the Chitlin Circuit artists who stayed there. Ray Charles

40:14 memorized the exact steps to get to his regular room without needing assistance. He would stay in this one particular room every single time that he came to the Wells -Built Hotel. time that he came to the Wells Bud Hotel. You weren't allowed to move furniture in that room You weren't allowed to move furniture. because he had it paced out in his head exactly where things were. Other landmarks are near a point of no return. The circa 1901 Jackson rooming house catered to performers in Tampa's once thriving Central Avenue neighborhood. I don't talk to anybody that played the Chitlin Circuit that says, I don't want to talk about it, or those were bad times, better forgotten. that says, I don't want to talk about it, or those were bad times. No, man, they said, man, those were great. We had great gigs. We were working every night. Georgette's tea

41:03 room in Miami provided a high -style home base for Billie Holiday. This is the original dining room where the picture hangs on the wall with Billie Holiday, and seated at the table were black teachers in Miami. The pursuit of history and preservation here is ongoing. Much of Overtown was lost to the construction of interstates. Today, a new generation of clubs celebrate the Chitlin Circuit legacy here. The Cotton Club in Gainesville and Manhattan Casino in St. Petersburg are now restored as community centers. The Manhattan Casino was where Hank Ballard and the Midnighters were playing when the twist first made its appearance.

42:08 Chubby Checker is the one most credited with it, but Ballard wrote it. Florida International University's theater is named in honor of home. Florida International University's theater is named in honor of homegrown Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Sam Moore. But in Liberty City, there's a vacant lot where the King of Hearts Club launched the careers of Sam and Dave and comedian Flip Wilson. We ought to get together and put this together. Moore would like to see a historic marker there as a reminder that there is always hope. thank you man I'm getting ready to get it I'm getting emotional when Jim Crow Thank you, man. I'm getting emotional. segregation cast a shadow over the lives of Floridians of color they banded together out of necessity the Chitlin

42:53 circuit was a reflection of communities their perseverance and their culture so I'll just live my life of dreams of yesterday understandings

43:41 and peace of mind. someone to love, show the world how to get along, peace will end up when hate is gone.

44:47 Oh, I really, I really need somebody. Oh oh oh oh oh oh, oh