MMPC 001 - Management Functions and Organizational Processes | Rapid Roundup | All 14 Units

0:00 [Music] welcome my dear friends to the rapid Roundup session on management functions and organizational processes in this session we are going to cover everything from the core functions of planning organizing Staffing leading controlling to navigating the complexities of organizational structures the cultures and change management now if you're new to this channel I am Anu your guide and facilitator for this course I run a small but growing YouTube channel named anu's classroom that is aimed at helping ignore students like you overcome the limitations of distance learning and how do I do that by providing you guys with quality content my goal is to assist you in not just passing your exams with good grades but also helping you understand

0:46 the concepts thoroughly and help you in becoming better managers before we start on the journey I want to give you a overview or a sneak peek into what lies ahead of us mmpc 1 is divided into four blocks and has a total of 14 units in our initial block we'll be laying the foundation work we'll talk about the fundamental concepts of management we'll be exploring the scope of management and we will Trace its Evolution across time and we will also try to grasp the pivotal role that managers play in today's Enterprises and as we transition into the second block we will be talking about the various functions of management or The crucial managerial processes in the second block we'll talk about the first three major processes that is planning organizing Staffing and

1:34 directing and in the third block we'll again continue with our discussion on the managerial functions and we'll talk about controlling leading and motivating as well as decision making in the fourth and final block is where we are going to broaden our perspectives into the various organizational processes it is a comprehensive exploration of various organizational structures and Designs we'll be exploring concepts of ethics and corporate social responsibility communication processes the various organizational cultures as well as how we can manage change ultimately you must understand this the Knowledge and Skills that you're going to gain from this course MMP mmpc 1 is going to serve as an invaluable asset in your journey towards completing your MBA degree how so because these are the concepts and these are the things that will be expanded upon and elaborated in all the

2:21 coming courses not just in first semester but throughout the MBA degree whole two years four semesters so we will uncover the what ever we uncover here is going to serve you as cornerstones and they will be Revisited and expanded throughout the four semesters I am so excited to embark on this Learning Journey with you and I'm confident that together we will emerge with a deeper understanding of all the managerial functions as well as organizational processes now before we get into our discussions I kindly ask you to take a moment to ensure that you have subscribed to anu's classroom and your notifications are enabled doing so will ensure that you will never miss an update from Anu classroom CL room and that you can fully utilize all the resources I provide to support your journey Learning Journey towards earning your postgraduate degree from igno feel

3:08 free to leave your comments questions or any kind of suggestions Below in the comment section I'm here to help you out so don't hesitate to ask anything just remember keep your comments respectful and professional just like how you would do in your future managerial role that is all I ask from you have you ever never seen a concert or any musical performance with a live Orchestra for that matter anything is fine if you have then you would have noticed that there is a man standing in front of those musicians and waving a big long stick up and down right you know who what that person is called a conductor of the orchestra a manager is just like that conductor except he works

3:53 for the organization just like how a conductor makes sure that every instrument in the orchestra plays together harmoniously to create beautiful music a manager makes sure that all the resources of the organization are utilized wisely to achieve the goals of a company and take it to Greater Heights so creating lovely music is an art right but is that just an art music also has some element of science to it right the way we say s there is a science to it also it is not just purely art otherwise only very few people can do it people learn music right people learn music the reason being it has an element of science to it so just like that itself management is also a mix of science as well as art how so you are you'll be thinking right how

4:39 so how and why how can you say that management is an art or a science just see just like an art management also involves creativity intuition the ability to inspire right what is an art form whether it be a painting or dance or music it has creativity it has the ability to inspire move touch people right just like that management also can managers also can managers often have to make judgment calls navigate complex intrapersonal Dynamics find innovative solutions to problems right there is an element of you can say finess and skill in how they handle situations and that is what differentiates good and great managers right how they handle situations is much like an artist who is

5:24 crafting a masterpiece and also it is something that you gain with experience the more you manage the more better you get or that is how we expect you guys to be right but on the other hand it also has a scientific aspect it relies on data it relies on data analytics research the application of theories and principles that were derived from disciplines such as psychology or sociology or economics and organizational behavior Scientific Management approaches emphasize a systematic process with quantifiable metrics and evidence-based decision making so in practice SU successful managers often have to blend both the science as well as the art aspect of management they leverage their interpersonal skills and intuition while also they utilize datadriven insights

6:10 and established management principles to achieve the organization's goals effectively so while it is possible to view management primarily through either lens you can say that no no no I believe it is an art or you can say no no no I believe it is a science the understanding of both and integration of both these perspective Art and Science is is what can lead to a more comprehensive and successful management practice otherwise there would not be a discipline called MBA right if it is it was not a science if it purely did not have any kind of science element to it we can could not have created a course called MBA which is widely popular many many students lacks or millions of students studying and learning and passing out graduating every year would not have happened the reason it is happening is because there is a science element to it and the reason why not

6:56 every MBA graduate can become as effective a manager at every point of time is because it is not just science but also an art so that is what I wanted to stress to you guys now management is a very continuous process it is not like you manage one day and then you leave it the next day onwards it is going to work no it is not like you program a system or a you write a computer program every time you hit run it's going to run and give you the same results no that is not how management works it is a continuous process it involves many people across the organization who are aimed towards steering the organization towards success so as such we can say that it is a continuous group activity it is a continuous activity and not just that it is a group activity why because management is the art of getting things done through the combined effort of

7:42 others right it is a continuous group activity when we talk about others definitely that we are talking about people from multiple disciplines right so it is multidisciplinary and why are we working together to achieve a common goal so definitely it is a goal oriented process right so that is you can say in short these are the characteristics of management right now when you go to certain offices you may have noticed if not definitely do check it out the next time you visit any organization or any office for that matter from today onwards From This Moment onwards you check okay you will see that in s some offices you will see there is an administration department or administrator like that you will see whereas some places you will see manager so somewhere some doors you will see administrator written on top on them

8:27 while as some doors are having managers on that or some name plates have manager in that so naturally you will have a question who is this administrator or who is the manager some offices have both administrator will also be there manager will also be there now what so are these guys same right or are they different that is a question which naturally comes to our mind right so answer this question is not as easy as asking this question Okay the reason being uh whether a manager or an administrator is different or or saying actually depends on the size as well as structure of the organization and we also have multiple Scholars over the years who have been debating you know there are multiple schools of thought who have gone to Great Lengths debating

9:14 over who tops the other like some people say no no no managers are below administrators where some people say no no no no no no you are wrong managers are above administrators now as per ignor Administration sets the big picture Okay so both are right you can argue that Administration is over managers you can say that manager is over administrator but the that nuanced difference actually comes into picture when the organization is that big okay now for small organizations the small offices you call them an administrator you call them a manager or you don't call them anything they are going to perform the same same duties okay so as for IGN know if a question comes to you whether what is the difference between an administrator or manager you can say that at administrator sets the bigger

10:00 picture they are the corporate level stuff right while managers handle the day-to-day tasks that make things happen Okay so even if you don't write this and you write a different answer nobody can say that you are wrong because it all varies on context to context but so that we all have a all are on the same page let us talk like this but again I'm saying this is not the final answer okay if you think managers are low below administrators or if you think managers are above administrators you are free to W you are always welcome to state that answer with your reasons absolutely fine but just so that I have to teach you something and just because igno is saying like this I'm saying okay but if you Google it or if you ask any sensible person they'll say it is not much different or they'll have different opinions this is what the ground reality

10:46 over here okay so it is not a surprise that good management can lead a business towards success correct if a manager is good definitely the organization is going to scale Greater Heights and if a manager manager or management is not good they are going to have a hard time filling their empty seats correct so a good manager or a good management can definitely lead a business towards success make their employees happy and make the company profitable okay a good manager happy employees happy shareholders happy customers but at the same time if you don't do it well it can lead to problems what kind of problems low productivity Financial losses loss of customers many many many things right so if management can have that

11:31 much of an impact on an organization what do managers actually do that is a big question here right what are we going to do in an organization because we are having this much of an impact right why I'm saying we are having because we are going to be tomorrow's managers right so let us start thinking as if we are already managers so what do managers do what are you going to do you will have to plan ahead organize the tasks pick the right people for the right job give them directions make sure everyone works together smoothly at the same time keep an eye on progress and manage the money oh my God how many hands and how many eyes you are going to need right will one ravan be enough for all this task with 10 heads well we'll all have to be Ravens so it is a very

12:16 prestigious dog definitely and managers we all know in most organization or in all organizations managers do enjoy many perks also but given the responsibility given the the what you can say given all the responsibility on top of a manager do you think it is going to be an easy job right it is not going to be easy there are going to be challenges what kind of challenges definitely you'll have to deal with constant change handling different kinds of people in different kinds of situations adapting to new technology working in a global World these are all challenges a manager will have to face day in and day out every day right every day there's going to be a bunch of problems in front of your desk and a bunch of papers stagged

13:02 on your desk and hardly enough time to complete all of this right not scaring you but still in the end what I want to say is that good management is all about finding that right balance there between planning and doing and leading and following and being ready to face whatever comes in your way that is what good manager and good management is all about so remember mastering management isn't just about learning a bunch of skills or marking up some books and passing your ter and examinations though it is necessary but it is not just about that it is about shaping the future of the companies and the lives of the people in them right so you have a great responsibility lying ahead and I want you guys to be equipped for that and I

13:47 do not want you guys to have any sort of drawback just because you are doing it through a distance learning because you know why there is a saying that distance learning guys uh just mug up without knowing many things they just mug up and write an exam they are not like no good institutions or no big private companies choose us the reason is this they think that distance learning is easy they don't have any sort of like they're not intellectually simulated they just read some book and just go write the exam no I don't want any of my classroom mates right I don't want any of my classmates to be that right I don't want that kind of thing from you it that is why I'm there to support you through this Learning Journey and I want you guys to make use of it because I'm dedicating that much amount of time and effort to

14:33 helping you out and just you know take that help make yourself better understand the concepts I don't don't leave out on anything just don't restrict yourself to mugging stuff up and passing your term and examination please guys it's a it's a request right so that was in short you can say an overview so what are the things we discussed so far we saw about what management is what the nature is what the characteristics are what is Administration what is management what is the impact a manager has in the organization what are the functions the challenges and what are the skills required to be effective managers correct so I hope so far so good we have a long way to go we have just started we have just spotted the iceberg we have a long way down stick with me okay don't

15:22 sleep the study of management has actually come a long way since the early 20th iny uh especially with various schs of thought emerging to provide different perspectives on how organizations should be managed and one of the earliest approaches to management is what is known as the classical approach which focused on identifying the functions of and skills of managers this approach however tended to overlook the human aspect of organizations the classical approach what we discussed right now can further be divided into three branches Okay so we have the classical approach which can be divided into three branches what are the three branches we have the Scientific Management that is one branch we have administrative Theory which is

16:08 the next branch and the third branch is bureaucracy so these three branches come under classical approach to management the empirical or this classical perspective emphasized studying the experiences of successful managers whereas the other thing that was the human relations approach it uh brought attention to the social as well as Psych ological aspects of work in contemporary management we have various Concepts like Strategic Management the learning organization and change management which have also gained so much importance different philosophies and approaches to management have been have evolved over time including our classical approach the human relationship approach then we have the systems approach our contingency approach decision Theory approach so each of these approaches

16:53 offers a quite a unique perspective on how organizations have to be managed so these are some of the key philosophies that are being discussed in our course by ignore so you should have a generic idea of those things like classical approach the classical approach emphasized the rationality efficiency and hierarchial structure the classical stuff you know the hierarchy in an organization that every should have a strict hierarchy that kind of an approach to management is what the classical approach was then coming to the human relationship uh human relations approach as we said it focuses on the importance of social factors employee moral interpersonal relationships all these things for organizational Effectiveness then we had the systems approach it views organization as a complex system right

17:40 which has a lot of interconnected parts and it emphasizes the interactions and interdependencies between those various components then we have the contingency approach the contingency approach Advocates adapting management practices to fit the unique circumstances and environments that are faced by organ organizations the last approach that we saw was do you remember decision Theory approach decision Theory approach analyzes decision making processes and strategies to optimize the choices and outcomes within the organizations also several managment thinkers have made significant contributions to the field like FW Taylor who is known as the father of Scientific Management he emphasized principles like the scientific selection and training of workers then we have Mary Parker F who

18:27 advocated for integrating the efforts of all members of the organization while we have Chester Bernard who advocated or highlighted the importance of cooperation and coordination in management overall these various approaches by these various contributors the various influential thinkers have enriched our understanding of management how by offering insights into different aspects of this organizational behavior and decision- making our takeaway from these various Concepts should be that there is no one siiz fits all approach to management that is what you should understand here there is no one siiz fitall approach managers that is us you or in short like you have to be adaptable and open to different perspectives to effectively lead your organizations that is the bottom line

19:13 here see there are many many thoughts many many different perspectives and each of these theories each of these Concepts they evolved with time changed with time and they were all formulated according to what was happening at that time and the thing is consumer preferences change just like that employee preferences change human preferences change in short human needs wants demands all these things change and therefore every every decade or every day is a new day every new Day brings with it new challenges and managers have to mix and match or even find your own theories God knows one person somebody from anu's classroom maybe it's you who's hearing me right

19:59 now might be the next influential thinker in management it could happen you know you should believe in that I believe in that that one day one of these one of you guys are going to be the next big managerial thinker and that is what I'm aiming for also you might be crafting the next important theory in management according to what you find works for your organization or for your time right so that is what you should understand while we are learning about all this managements Evolution you must understand management has not stopped evolving it is still evolving it will evolve even in the future right as long as humans evolve management is also going to

20:45 evolve we said that management is about using resources wisely to achieve the goals of the company correct you remember right that is how we opened our course itself now this involves s several key steps like but not limited to planning organizing Staffing directing coordinating controlling budgeting and whatnot right so let's talk about what are the different hats a manager wear hats roles okay I just wanted to say it in a little more engaging way that is why right roles are like different hats and manager ways so we have three main roles here one is the interpersonal role which is all about interaction interpersonal right between people people then we have informational role which is mainly communicating it is

21:33 also a kind of interaction but more like communicating okay as well as decisional so these are the major three roles here okay that is decision making interpersonal role involves dealing with people informational role involves Gathering and sharing information and decisional role involves when decision making right making decisions so these are not three separate distinct roles okay they are not three things in three different glass jars they are intermixed they are interl and while you are dealing with people you will also be communicating with them Gathering informations from them sharing information to them and at the same time you will also might be making decisions right it all happens it could all happen intermixed right so what about the skills so these are the roles what about the skills managers actually need a

22:18 whole toolbox of skills to do your jobs effectively they include technical skills like knowing how to use the tools and procedures analytical skills they are mainly useful in crunching data that means gathering and analyzing the data that is coming in which is also very important emotional intelligence you need to have for understanding and managing the emotions of people you're not going to deal with robots okay you're not going to deal with robots you're not going to manage robots or artificial intelligence you are going to manage people so people have emotions you need to have an emotional intelligence on how to deal with those emotions right maybe somebody might have had a big fight with their spouse and they have come right or maybe somebody might have lost someone who is very dear to them and they might have come to work you need to know right how to handle it

23:05 and you also need to have cultural awareness for working with diverse teams because G are the days when one company is set up over there and only people from nearby are coming to work no these days it's mostly mnc's and any small startup or even a small grocery shop aims to go International right now coming to the levels there are three major levels you can write think of it as a triangle or a pyramid there are three major levels to management also we have the top manager you can think who it is right CEO CFO chairman director these are the top managers what do they do they are the guys who steer the ship or rather you can say they are the captains of the ship they decide or they chart the course for the ship if you have to think of organizations as a big big big ship right they are the captains

23:51 of the ship then we have the middle level managers middle level managers keep the things running smoothly and they we have the lower level managers who are on the front lines supervising the employees and making sure the policies are followed this is the lower level managers who are constantly in contact with the non-managerial staff who actually do the things that make the organization keep moving forward right these are the guys who are on the operational front so what makes a good manager right that is the big question and that is what we are trying to understand also by be becoming an MBA graduate right graduating in MBA we all hope to be better managers right so what makes a good manager or a better manager or a successful manager however you want

24:37 to call it first and foremost communication right communication is the key here along with being a very good listener as well as a problem solver a good manager has to make decisions motivate their team and be adaptable to change and oh definitely having a positive attitude towards work and the people who work for you and being open to feedback will definitely not hurt you so be open to that if you close your doors then that's going to be a problem right and to excel as a manager you have to focus on sharpening your skills building very strong relationships with your team setting clear goals and creating a positive work environment don't forget to delegate tasks effectively because it is not a oneman show you cannot do everything yourself

25:23 you will have to learn to delegate task so don't forget about that and manage your time wise you're not going to be able to do everything by yourself that is what right you have to manage your time wisely prioritize your to-do list there may be many things to do you need to know what to do first and what to do last right and not just this in today's world a manager also faces many new challenges like we'll have to deal with you will have to deal with uncertainty change you'll have to manage diversity and navigate technology globalization you have to be strategic you have to be analytical and you also have to be customer focused why no business can for Thrive without customers have you ever heard of a business that has not that do not have any customers no because then they would not be a business right so you have to be customer focused you have

26:08 to be able to lead your teams through change and keep up with the fastpaced business landscape so remember being a great manager is all about this Balancing Act Right balancing people the processes the progress in a constantly evolving world so what is planning we saw that planning is one of the functions of managers or management what is it planning you can think of it as a road map which guides an organization towards its goals so it is not just about Jing down ideas when you say when we make a plan what do we do we immediately take a paper and we say plan a this is plan a I'm going to do this this this this and if it doesn't

26:53 work then I have a plan B I'm going to do this this this this that is how planning when you think about planning this is what comes to your mind right just Jing down ideas no that's that's not just what planning is all about that is a very limited view of planning it is a systematic process of setting objectives figuring out what is needed right setting objectives figuring out what is needed to achieve them and then charging a course of action you need to know what is what you have you need to know what you need and how you can get them right that is what planning is all about so let us look closely into the characteristics of planning now this is a big deal the reason being it comes before all the other managerial functions right it is needed also at all levels of management it is an ongoing process so this is very important please

27:39 pay attention here if you are sleepy please stop the video get go wash your face and come okay because you cannot skip this thing it is very important right plus it is all about looking ahead right preparing for what's coming next right so planning is like a mental workout right involves decision making involves creativity as well as rational thinking so let's break down the planning process correct so what is the planning process the first step here is to set clear objectives right step two figure out what resources you are going to need to achieve those objectives you set the resources now you have to figure out what you are going to need to achieve those objectives now once you figure out what you need what are you going to do you will have to develop

28:26 strategies and backup plans to overcome the obstacles and get those resources and once you develop those strategies what you will do you will implement the plans that is put your plans into action delegate the tasks and keep an eye on progress and finally last but not least you will have to evaluate how things went and tweak your plans as needed so what you must understand here again just like how we said management is a continuous process planning is also a continuous process right it is also a futuristic process it looks into the future you're not planning for your past you're planning for your future right it is a primary thing it is the first step to for every other managerial process right and it is all

29:13 pervasive it is it is needed everywhere it involves decision making and it is also it also needs you to think intellectually right so planning definitely if you are doing all these things taking all this effort means definitely it would have its perks right it planning has its perks what are those perks right what are the merits of planning it gives your organization a very clear Direction it improves teamwork and communication it improves coordination it reduces uncertainty to an extent doesn't mean that just because you you have a plan it's going to work out no planning is continuous you might have to change your plans now and again but definitely because you have planned ahead a lot of uncertainty gets reduced there is still uncertainty I'm not saying it's is 100% gone but it is

29:59 greatly reduced and it definitely helps in enhanced decision making so is it all sunshine and rainbows that means sunshine and rainbows so that phrase if you guys don't know sunshine and rainbows means all merits good things happy things that is what we say okay so is it all sunshine and rainbows for planning no there are demerits what are those Dem merits here not demerits actually they are you can think of it as the cost to those merits right it is a very expensive activity not just in terms of money but also in terms of time it is a very timec consuming activity it is expensive right time wise as well as cost wise expensive and the thing is that all of a plans might go to drain

30:46 when things don't go as planned if there is a big important event that shifts the course of humanity like our Corona virus that hit in 2019 sorry 2020 everything's going to go down the train right just imagine how many papers how many hours of planning would have gone to waste when that lockdown happened correct so this is one downside to planning but the merits almost always outweighs the cost right oh my God too much talking has made my throat go dry and on top of that you know it is summer while I'm recording Kera is practically like an woman let me tell you oh my God and I'm seriously craving for some I cream like uh talking about ice creams

31:31 what's your favorite brand of ice cream amul cam mer laa Basin Robins what is it and which is your favorite flavor chocolate or vanilla uh comment below okay what is your favorite brand of ice cream and what is that favorite flavor I would really like to know because I don't want you guys to have a boring session just because it is online I don't want you guys to be bored to death right so comment down below and let make this session a bit more fun for everybody right people might come in looking at this video thumbnail and uh the first thing you know what I do when I go for watching a video first I go through is the comment session and people will see all our comments this is my favorite ice cream and they'll Wonder oh my God what is this session all about right let's make them confused not confused let let's Spike their interest

32:18 right help me here please comment huh so why we talked about ice cream here is just like the ice cream there are different flavors or in traditional boring terms the types okay of planning also we have the strategic planning which is all about the big picture the long-term goals of the organization okay and then we have the Tactical planning it focuses on the shortterm objectives then we have another type of planning which is called as the operational planning this is all about being prepared for sorry planning for all the day-to-day tasks and then the last type what we need to know about is the contingency planning that is all about being prepared for the unexpected now now generally when we talk of these various levels of planning it is the strategic planning which sets the overall objective or the overall course for the

33:05 organization and the Tactical plans are created to support and enable the Strategic objectives and the operational plans further help the Tactical plans be achieved okay so this is how the flow of planning also goes you can say okay and each type of this planning has its own cross and conses like for example you talk about strategic planning it provides a long-term vision as well as Direction it facilitates proactive decision making but it is time consuming and it may also be less accurate why because of the future uncertainities when we talk come about talk about tactical planning which is not that much of a big long-term tactical planning translates strategy into action and it enhances the coordination and flexibility but again there is a risk of neglecting the

33:50 long-term goals and it also requires ongoing adjustments the last level of planning which is the operational planning is day to planning so any way day-to-day planning means every day we'll have to come up with what we have to do right every day there will be a plan so it enhances the efficiency and provides detailed guidance for all our day-to-day activities but the thing is that it may become rigid and it may solely focus on the operational efficiency and it might lose sight of the overall big picture objectives so because why we'll just be focusing on how I can do things better today so it is a very shortsighted decision making here in operational planning it is a very shortsighted plan right and because it is shortsighted sometimes the day-to-day activities that we do might be against the might go against the long-term activity so it is very crucial

34:36 to make sure that all these three planning all these three strategies are properly aligned okay now coming to the last part that was the contingency plan that we discussed It prepares for the unforeseen events right it enhances our resilience and risk management but the thing is that it requires significant amount of resources at the same time it may Overlook certain risks also if we are not regularly updating our uh planning and and also at the same time we have to make sure that it is tested in real world scenarios otherwise our planning could be absolutely non-practical right so the the bottom line here is that we have to choose the right type of planning for the organizational needs right for our organization at that particular point of time at our level what is the best type

35:22 of planning we have to be aware and we have to do that because every type of planning has its own pros and conses and its own uh what you can say uses also now organizing organizing is a fundamental management process which involves arranging the resources the tasks and activities in a well coordinated manner to achieve the organizational goals effectively as well as efficiently it is you can think of it like putting together the pieces of a puzzle so that everyone can work together smoothly to towards a common goal and uh so what is work here we we spoke about everyone working together so what is this work well it is any task work is any task or any activity that is

36:09 aimed at producing something that is valuable like a product or a service okay so that is work now there are different ways to organize and analyze this work depending upon who you ask for some folks they swear by the ancient approach which is rooted in the hierarchial structures and the centc Authority While others are more of a classical perspective right they emphasize principles of efficiency specialization hierarchial control and things like that whereas there are some people who prefer the behavioral approach which focuses on uh what you can say human behavior within organizations emphasizing motivation or group dynamics and leadership styles and there are quite some others who prefer quantitative approach applying

36:55 mathematical and statistical me methods to management decision making like operations research or forecasting optimization and then we also have another approach called the contingency approach it advocates for flexible organizational structures and management practices which are tailored to specific situations and contexts right so each method has its own pros and cons that is one thing that you have to be aware of so it is very much Essential that you pick the best type of work approach that is suited to your organization right what is good for you may not be the right thing for me what is right for me may not be the right thing for you so you have to pick the best one for you and that is that skill is what management is all about right so as management is all about achieving these group goals by working together it is

37:42 very important that we make work better and we also need to measure how well our work is going how do we do that to do so our organizations can use techniques like work Improvement or work measurement okay work Improvement actually focuses on improving work right how do we improve work by studying the tasks finding how to make them simpler and more standard work measurement on the other hand is measuring how work is done right it looks at how long it takes to complete a task techniques like Time study and work sampling and St synthetic standards all of these can help with this have you ever heard heard of uh a

38:28 class called like you know time and motion studies if not then let me introduce you let me be the first person who is introducing this concept to it's going to be very useful for you guys okay so they're like the detectives of the work world uh they figure out how much time workers are going to spend on each task how they are going to move while they're doing it you know just like the your neighbor Auntie always looking at where you're going when you're coming how much time you took right are you overp speeding are you with with the girl are you with the boy just like that time and motion studies okay so the goal here for time and motion studies is to find ways to work smarter not harder we all have heard the the the saying right work smarter not harder smart work is better than hard work we say correct so that is

39:14 the principle by which this time and motion studies is also going the by trying to or by helping you work smarter and not simply harder and how do we work smarter by cutting out the unnecessary steps and speed things up so have you ever noticed uh um you know uh what makes Shoes by Nike or Adidas ahead or even B ahead of the shoes from your local shoe Mar they are priced higher like they have different products right they are used by athletes Nike for example they're used by the top most athletes of the world why right or maybe take for example our own homes like don't you don't need to go to Olympics level athletes and all take for example our own home my M for example she has certain cookware Brands which she prefers right yours also might have

40:01 right maybe it is teal or maybe it is Jackson or Anna or Prestige like yeah there are certain brands right they they like those cookwares they going to go if they want a new K they're going to get one from there right so what is it all about right it is all about if you think about it closely if you think about it for 5 minutes you will understand that it is all about Comfort ease of use and things like that they actually make our lives a little easier so there is a name to the science of Designing products and systems and environments to fit our capabilities and limitations okay it is something called as ergonomics okay it aims to optimize the interaction between people and their

40:47 surroundings to enhance the Comfort the safety and efficiency by considering various factors like human anatomy physi ology psychology biomechanics all those those various various various things to create designs that minimize the risk of injury as well as discomfort while at the same time maximizing the performance and use of satisfaction you might have seen office chairs right they are not designed like our dining table chairs correct there are ergonomic mouses ergonomic keyboards which have a specific shape like this have you noticed Gamers if anyone of you are Gamers you might have definitely noticed right you guys have a special type of keyboard special type of Mouse all those various various things

41:32 right that is what it is why you want that so that you can play more fast correct the that keyboard design helps you uh gain faster or correct so that is all part of ergonomics ergonomics right it plays a very important role in our organizations also it impacts various aspects of our per organizational performance the employee well-being overall product ity okay it and it not only benefits the employees also by uh so it benefits the employees by reducing the risk of injuries or discomfort right but it also contributes to organizational success how by enhancing the employees performance their engagement as well as cost Effectiveness so that is about ergonomics now another

42:17 important thing that you must understand about is the informational technology role in organizing so it has changed the role the organizing game also how giving us things like telecommunication virtual teams flexible work arrangements and stuff like that right we now have more options for how and where we work and that was quite evident in the covid era everybody was working from even Hill stations correct so but it is also raise some new challenges like getting used to this new technology dealing with the possibility of automation that is taking over certain tasks correct so I don't think managers were very happy with the new change that they had to go through on top of all the other challenges that they were always already facing that is why most all I mean I would say 90% of them are very keen to get their

43:03 employees back into offices and go by the normal routine because oh my God my plate is almost all is more than full so I don't want another challenge right so in short organizing as a management process is all about creating a structure Clarity efficiency within our organizations it involves arranging the resources defining roles establishing relationships and coordinating activities to enable the organization to function effectively and achieve its objectives all right so that was organizing for you so what about Staffing and directing

43:48 Staffing and directing are again two essential managerial processes that are vital for an organization's growth efficiency as well as success so first let us begin with Staffing itself this process involves filling the positions that are awakened with the within the organization with qualified person right qualified people so Staffing is not just filling seats up right it is also about selecting individuals who possess the skills the knowledge and the attitude that is necessary to drive the organizations forward right it's not simply sing filling positions it is filling positions with qualified Personnel who can do the stuff right so why is Staffing so important you may ask well imagine you're trying to sail a ship without a crew okay can you do that

44:34 impossible right have you seen Pirates of the Caribbean it was a big thing when I was small Johnny depps Pirates of the Caribbean I think it was in the third installment at the world's end or something like that Johnny Dev was stranded in um I mean our Captain Jack Sparrow was stranded in DAV John's loer okay and it was him sailing with himself it is very funny see right so but that ship didn't go anywhere right why that ship did not go anywhere until the rest of his crew rest of his uh mates came searching for him in Johnny uh in um what is it Davy John loer right when everybody else came the ship started sailing till then till then he was marooned there correct so that is the

45:19 thing right without staff without the right Crews you just can't set sail similarly without the right people in the right positions organized ations cannot function effectively Staffing ensures efficiency by matching the right Talent with the right roles and it Fosters human Capital Growth by providing opportunities for individuals to develop as well as Thrive within the organizations directing on the other hand involves encouraging and guiding employees to achieve their full potential and contribute to the organization's success it involves things like giving them instructions motivate your team leading by example and keeping everyone else on the same page it is all about taking action here okay Direction it is being all about

46:06 being a constant presence making sure that things are getting done it is a very human centered process which is essential for getting the most out of your team so there are some key principles of directing also that we have to follow you have to follow as manages I might rephrase if you want in order to make sure that everything is running smoothly so what are these principles it includes making sure each person is giving giving their best right you have to make sure that as managers it is not simply enough to demand people do their best but you have to make sure that they are giving their best make sure everyone is on the same page with the goals of your organization keep those communication lines open and check in regularly to make sure things are on track by following these principles managers can keep their team focused and

46:54 moving forward towards achieving the group goals so in conclusion we can say that Staffing and directing are not merely just bureaucratic processes or anything what is bureaucracy bureaucratic processes will get to it right they are Essences of effective management and by Staffing positions with qualified personal as well as directing their efforts towards organizational goals managers lay the foundation for Success so let us Embrace these processes wholeheartedly recognize their importance understand the characteristics right what is the characteristics of sta Staffing it is people oriented it is people centered it is a managerial responsibility how about uh directing it is action oriented it is a prevalent function it has human factor

47:40 right these are in short the characteristics of Staffing and directing so understand the importance understand their characteristics apply these principles to drive our organizations your organizations towards Greater Heights of achievements I'm sure you guys will do that right so that was all about Staffing and directing in short now let's talk about controlling okay control you can think of as the like a compass which sh keeps the ship called our company on its course ensuring that it is going to reach its destination to where we started in management control is all about keeping

48:25 an eye on things and making sure that they are going as planned so at its core control is a process a systematic approach that to to monitoring and regulating organizational activities which follows a circular path continuously looping through various stages to maintain Optimal Performance okay the process begins with establishing establishing standards and or you can think of it as establishing the benchmarks against which the performance will have to be measured because if you have to control something you need to know where it was and where it is right where it was previously where it is right now right past you need to know the past you need to know the present so that you can do whatever it takes to set your future

49:11 straight correct and setting your future straight is what controlling is all about so you need to First establish the standard or The Benchmark against which you can measure the performance so these standards will serve as your reference point which will guide organizational efforts towards the desired outcomes next we have to measure our actual performance correct here actual results will be compared against the established standards so this steps once you measure the performance you can compare it with the standards that you set up in the first step you can identify the deviations or discrep discrepancies and according to what you identify you can take corrective actions promptly that to correct so control is like a forward-looking process which for focuses on future performance rather

49:59 than dwelling on past mistakes so it applies at every level of the organization also from your top management down to the Frontline employees everywhere control is essential and control has to be applied also then only you can ensure there is alignment and consistency across all the levels of your organization importantly control takes a positive approach okay when you think about control don't think about disciplining don't think of it in a negative light think of it in a quite positive approach because it aims to improve the performance rather than nearly pointing out the failures or shortcomings when you measure the performance and you compare and you find out there is a shortcoming the ultimate aim is not to put a blame on anybody okay as a manager when you're when you're setting standards and measuring performance and comparing it should not be with the aim of blaming someone for

50:44 something but rather it should be aimed at making things better okay so what are the key elements of control you must understand the firstly there is the establishment of Standards correct those standards have to be very clear very specific at the same time you have to make sure those standards are achievable then comes the measurement of our performance so this measurement relies on accurate data and metrics to provide an objective assessment of the progress the comparison of the actual performance against your standards will reveal if there is any deviation or variances that may require your attention and finally we have to take the corrective action to address these

51:29 deviations and bring the performance back to the line with the established standards Now to control effectively you will definitely need the right tools right and by right tools we mean having standards that fit your organization measuring performance accurately and being ready to tweak things when it is needed now there are different types of control also each is suited to different situations and organizational contexts like we have the feed forward control that is one type of control okay feed forward control it focuses on anticipating and preventing problems even before they have occurred then we have another type called the concurrent control it involves monitoring the activities as they are happening to ensure that immediate Corrections are made as when needed that is concurrent okay feed forward is you are

52:17 anticipating and doing control controlling measures implementing control measures even before they have come up okay concurrent current you focus on these words right concurrent is making being ready to control or apply control measures as things are happening and the third type is the feedback okay first was feed forward next was concurrent this is third one is feedback it evaluates the past performance right back backward past performance to make adjustments for the future and we have many techniques also for this control like we have per per is program evaluation and review technique it is a very very very important term here similarly CPM critical path method these two things oh my God I cannot stress

53:02 enough how important these two things are till your fourth semester you're going to learn about this okay program evaluation and review technique CPM critical path method these are two most invaluable control measures for project management it provides tools for planning scheduling controlling project activities and we also have other techniques like uh we have the statistical process control budgetary control inventory control these are all things that are widely used to Monitor and regulate organizational activities quite effectively ultimately what you must understand here from this unit on controlling is that it is all about keeping your finger on the pulse of your organization making sure everything is running smoothly and fixing any bumps in

53:48 the road along the way that is all what controlling is all about in a nutshell you can say in one word if in one line if I have to say about control this is it right now we are going to explore another two important topics that impact how we work together and Achieve our goals okay leadership motivation are you guys motivated to stick with me for some more time I know it's past an hour but stick with me you will not regret sticking with me till the end I I promise you that okay is that motivation enough for you guys so these Concepts leadership and motivation these are like road maps that guide us throughout our professional Journey

54:33 helping us navigate the challenges and reach success so let us take a closer look at each of these points and understand them in simple terms okay I'll I'll not be going in depth into each of this because if this much is boring you then I do not know how you will feel if I'm going in depth into each of this but I'll give you an overview so that you know the basic of whatever is being discussed that much I can sure make sure right so let us understand first let us understand the various leadership styles so the main important leadership styles that we have to talk about here even for your future and which comes up time and again are uh these uh uh theory of X and Y and uh what you can say which else scientific management styles so these are all leadership styles which come up again and again okay so talking about leadership styles how do I break the

55:19 eyes for you so that I can make it simple for you to understand yeah IM imagine leadership styles as uh again let us bring back our ice cream flavors okay you can imagine them as different flavors of ice cream like chocolate there's vanilla Butters sco Pista right different flavors of ice cream like that you can think of it think of leadership styles also each one has its own unique taste some leaders they focus on building strong relationships with their team members like uh more like friends who share stories over an ice cream whereas other people other leaders they prefer making decisions independently like you can think of it like choosing uh their favorite ice cream flavor without asking anybody else it's like I like Proline and cream so I'm having that I don't know what you guys are having I don't care also like that that is another type

56:07 of leadership style so each of these Styles have its own benefits and they help leaders connect with their teams also but in different ways okay it is not that um one is bad or the other is good or the other one is better than everybody else no nothing like that it has its own every type of leadership style which has evolved has its own benefits otherwise they wouldn't have stood the test of time correct and these leadership theories are like the stories that help us understand this leadership better some stories talk about the specific traits that make someone a good leader like being smart or decisive okay that is the trade theory of leadership trade theory of leadership talks about how specific trades could make a good leader like if you are tall if you are handsome if you

56:53 have six pack abs then you are a great leader if you are skinny if you are dark if you are like if you uh look like you don't have anything to eat at your home then you might not be a good leader like that that is how the tra Theory thinks about leadership but is that true no but is that completely false sometimes we see that almost all leaders have sixpack abs right why because they know that keeping their body fit is more important or is as equally important as having a good paying job right they need to have that image so it is not all bad also it's not you can't downright say that it is bad we can definitely judge people for saying that but but you cannot you cannot just rule out that that is false because the reason why people feel like that is because you can see many leaders who fit in that category correct and others focus on how leaders and their teams work together like friends sharing

57:38 snacks during a movie night so these stories or these VAR that is the group and exchange theory right or social learning theory so these uh stories or these various theories of leadership they help us learn from the experiences of other great leaders before us and become better leaders ourselves then we have the shared influence leadership right so that Sayes that leadership is not just about that one person leading but rather it is about everyone working together towards a common goal so just like growing a boat where each person plays a part in moving forward leaders guide their teams but they also have to listen and learn from their team members and so together they can create a positive and supportive

58:23 environment where everybody can right now before going on to motivation I want you guys to think of your favorite leaders and identify their leadership styles okay like pick any favorite leader some of you might be thinking of Nelson Mandela some of you might be thinking of Narendra Modi maybe it is Mahatma Gandhi maybe is NE Neu G for you maybe it is Shashi t or maybe it is uh who is that Mark Zuckerberg or Elon Musk whoever maybe it is Trump right no judgments anywhere right whoever it is pick your favorite leader think about what kind of a leader they are are they charismatic leaders are they traditional leaders are they transactional leaders are they abusive leaders are they authoritarian leaders whatever their management style is sorry their leadership styl is I want you guys to look closely at the at their management

59:10 style and comment below okay uh by commenting below you not only help yourself but also help all the others in our community grow so I I humbly request you guys to comment and help us right help us help me help you better right now let's talk about motivation significance of motivation first of all motivation is like the fuel which keeps us going on our journey correct it is what gives us the energy or the drive to pursue our goals even when things get tough and when we were small our parents may have motivated us into getting good grades or doing our homework by promising us things uh what we love the most right and when we achieve the goals and earn those rewards then we feel quite accomplished too right like for example um

59:56 I come from a middle class background right so uh when the digital cameras first released at that time I was in 10th standard so you can guess my age okay don't comment below please you guess it and keep it with you okay so I was in 10 at that time my dad promised me that he'll buy me a digital camera if I scored about 90% something like that and when I did that and he finally bought me that camera it was a Sony camera at that time it was 10 MP camera right and I think the photos which I took in that camera are still quite clear than the pictures I take from my phone right now I don't know how Sony does that you know onlyy has a great camera uh so yeah so it is a moment of Pride so even now see I'm telling you guys with that much sense of Pride that

1:00:42 I I got the marks and I my dad bought me that camera right like that you will also have such such moments in your life right if you want to share with us please do I'm willing to I'm quite eager to hear about that like if it was in a real life class if Ely I would have made you guys to share some of that with me with our classroom but now sadly it is not a live class so all I can ask is you know comment down below and let me know so that we guys we can connect with each other better right that is why I'm sharing all the stories with you so it gives us a sense of Pride and it definitely did motivate me to study better because I was not a very Studio student or a very bright student at that time um so so it is like there is a camera at uh you know there is a camera there motivating me the dream of having

1:01:29 a camera which is motivating me so motivation that what made the the key Point here is that that motivation made me feel like superheroes ready to conquer the world it's like yeah there is a camera at stake here I have to get it right so I studied I I I put in more efforts I put in more three or four hours more than what I would have normally done just to make sure that I

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