Polity Quick Revision | SSC 2024 | Abhishek Sir | Careerwill App #careerwill | Complete Polity

0:02 Namaskar Aadaab Sat Sri Akal Welcome Hello everyone, friends, once again I welcome you all once again In this GS quick revision session you will We know that we will take a quick revision session have come for all your competitive exams if You will love everything that you have read If you want to do a quick revision of it then do it quickly We will tell you all that in a small session from what are you doing revising all the things We are doing it so that you people can take the exam go into any type of concept or Any type of sequence If you don't mind, in the last video I have I will give you a history revision video I gave it to you in which the whole We covered the history in about three hours. So in this session I will revise and cover it

0:47 Indian Polity or Indian political system I want to discuss with people and you I want to revise people so come All the people and you should like this video very much Watch carefully because this is very It will help you for your upcoming exam In this session, we Indians start Polity or Indian Raj Let's make arrangements, everyone The first Indian Polity or as you can call it in Hindi Indian Raj system, as the name suggests The System of Ruling in India

1:34 to rule in india is known as indian Polity is the rule of the people in India The system is called Indian political system and this is our Indian culture This is a political system, by whom does it run? Constitution of India It runs India Constitution of the So majorly and mainly we are Indians What is it about studying politics? is it about the constitution of India or about constitution of india But how was our constitution prepared? how it was made, how it started implemented before knowing it and Before reading, first of all we should know about our India

2:19 A look at the historical perspective of the Constitution of First of all we have to put it Constitutional development has to be studied through which the way in which the Indian Constitution developed That is why it is the first in Indian politics The topic is constitution development of India Constitutional development of India which The first topic of Polity is But it is so important that The importance is so much that it In history and even in modern India If you get it then it is almost certain that a question will come It is almost confirmed because from this topic Questions are always asked and every are asked in competing exams and which I said constitutional development of india constitution

3:05 development of India or as you can call it in Hindi Friends, pay attention to the constitutional development of India which will keep in mind the constitutional development of India This happened in two phases This happened in two phases it has two phases it has two phases in which the most First we read Company Rule In which first of all we read company rules or what you might call rule under the company which are from 1773 taking The period is up to 1857 and after that Its second stage is called the second phase. Crown rule

3:50 which starts with 18581 58 and this It goes on 1947 1947 in these two phases in these two phases Constitutional Development of India But if we follow the Constitution of India If we talk about development, it started from that time when the British arrived in India Remember, you read in history that When Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar became the Mughal Emperor of India he was the king during his reign In 1599 AD, the first Englishman John Milind Hall came to India, at that time the Mughal of India The emperor was Akbar and it was during his reign that British East India Company in 1600 AD the Queen of Britain at the time the There used to be Elizabeth I and from that

4:37 a secret document to the British East India Company received a charter that was called we call it the charter of 1600 A.D. and Under this very charter of 1600 A.D. The British East India Company was Trade with other eastern countries like India got a right to do 15 years And in the year 1600 AD itself, the British East India Company was established in London Thereafter in the court of Mughal Emperor Jahangir The first two Britishers came in 1608 Captain William Hawkins and Captain William Hawkins wrote a poem on the Mughal emperor Jahangir's own life. The first British rule with permission Where was the factory established in 1613 AD in Surat in 1612 and then in 1615 AD when The company's trade monopoly ended

5:22 because they met for 15 years by King James I of Britain A right to carry on business in India for life given to the British East India Company And in this way the British trade with India I started to say that it meant Britishers When they came to India they were only traders But gradually, under the guise of business He dedicated his administration to his The administration was strengthened and at one time This happened when he attacked the whole of India They took over and made us their colony Taken by the British in 1640 AD Madras City Madras city was founded After that when in 1661 A.D. Britain Prince Charles visits the Portuguese Married to Princess Catherine Bugge

6:09 So she got Bombay from the Portuguese as dowry. But Prince Charles gave Bombay 10 British East India Company on a pound per annum freight rented it to the company and By Garol Angia You Know The modern city of Bombay was founded and then Thereafter from 1697 to 1700, three states of Bengal villages which were black spun yarn nose rings and Govindpur: Jobs are provided by combining these three villages The modern city of Kolkata was laid out by Charnock To say that it was established means to tell the British It had been only 100 years since they had come to India Within 100 years they had transformed their India established three headquarters in 1915 which were Calcutta, Madras and Bombay what happened next in 1707 AD

6:54 The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb died and As soon as Aurangzeb died and after Aurangzeb's death The Mughal Empire declined very rapidly of and of the Mughal Empire and as the Mughal If the empire declines We had read in history that brother Aurangzeb After the death of the Mughal Emperor, who were the later Mughals who came to the North The Mughal ruler was a uniformed person but he was not that capable That is why the weakness of the Mughal Empire was taken advantage of by picking up and sending them to different provinces and Those who used to be the governors of the provinces, established independent states Of which Bengal is the most important Was And the best of the Britishers too The first target used to be Bengal because Bengal used to be the richest province at that time was very important from a commercial point of view The place used to be called Bengal so it means a

7:43 Taraf ruled Bengal independently The Nawab of Bengal used to do it and on the other side In the name of the British East India Company used to do business in Bengal British Mughals from Farrukh Sheir The British established duty-free trade in Bengal had acquired the right to which was called sm decree British doing tax free trade in Bengal He did not want to pay any tax They wanted to but the Nawab of Bengal demanded tax from them used to demand about this very thing The British East India Company and the Bengal Differences arose among the nawabs and this The differences reached their peak when in 1757 A.D. The Nawab of Bengal attacked Raju Daula Robert Clive, the first governor of Bengal and In the Battle of Plassey in 1757

8:28 In the war T Clive defeated Siraj ud Dawala This was the decisive battle that defeated him It is believed that when the British ruled India The dominance of the British began to increase power began to increase in India after this In 1764 AD, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh and Mir of Bengal Qasim fought a war with the British which It is called the Battle of Buxar in which the British Hector Munro led the army of And the British won this war too. And our three rulers together also defeated the British Could not defeat him the next year 1765 The Allahabad treaty was signed in 1738 and Under the Allahabad Treaty, the whole Generate revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa The British had the monopoly to do

9:15 Now Bengal itself is in the hands of the British He became the Nawab and then the Governor of Bengal Robert Clive introduced dual rule in Bengal And as soon as dual rule was established in Bengal It seemed that massive looting had begun in Bengal and This dual rule of Bengal continued for the next six years. Bengal was looted heavily for a year which is called the plunder of India and In the British East India Company so Bribery has increased so much Corruption increased because till now the British The government had direct control over the East India Company there was no control but for the first time The British government decided that the British The parliament decided that we Regulate the British East India Company will do it in India and to regulate it

10:01 This is the constitutional development of India and under company rule in 1773 The first act was passed and sent in AD which is called the Regulating Act of 1773 and you know the constitution of of India under the Development of India sent under the constitution or constitutional development The first act that was passed is called 1773 Regulate of Regulating Act 1773 Act and you must be aware of this regulating Many important works were done under the Act what were the two most important tasks

10:46 which was till now called Bengal's The Governor who was hitherto called the Governor of Bengal now he became, now he became governor General of Bengal, the Governor of Bengal now came to be known as the Governor General of Bengal and We will take care of Bengal's first Bengal The first Governor General History class I told you who became Warren Hastings Warren Hastings was made The first Governor General of Bengal and so Not only this, under this Regulating Act in 1774 The first Supreme Court of India in A.D.

11:32 Establishment of the first Supreme Court where it happened kolkata These were the two important works that made under the Regulating Act 1773 and This is where the Constitution began development of India or of Bharat Constitutional Development After this, in the Regulating Act of 1773 whatever flaws there were, whatever errors there were reducing them and eliminating them An amendment was made to this, a The amendment was made and it was passed by doing it in 1781 which is called of 1781 Act in Amendment or Act of Settlement then in 1784 after that

12:20 Pitts was sent by passing in 1784 India Act or Pitt's India Act and You must be aware of the most important facts of Pitt's India Act The important feature is that under this what was the most important thing to do a board in London or in England under off control was established and this was the Board of Control of England It was formed in 1976. It has a total of six members or There used to be six members This was done under the Pitts India Act went to its Later in 1785 A.D. Warren Hastings His term ended and he was called back Gaya and made him the Governor General of Bengal

13:06 Lord Cornwallis was sent and Lord during the time of Cornwallis The Sent Act of 1786 The Sent Act and under the same Act of 1786 Under the British Raj the Governor General of Bengal was was made the Commander in Chief of the Army and All the administrative powers are also with him of his council The power to cancel decisions is also with Bengal was given to the Governor General because this condition But Lord Cornwallis was the Governor General of Bengal. The Regulating Act of 1773 came into being The British Government had decided, under As of now, we do not interfere

13:54 in the British East India Company but now We will celebrate the British East India Company in 2020 will give the trader a license for a year and what happened to them after 20 years will be renewed will be extended If it goes then 20 years would have ended in 1793 trade monopolies were abolished and to enhance trading rights A charter was sent which is called 1793 Charter of the 1st Charter Act of 1793 Two most important works were done under this The first important task was to

14:40 the trading rights of the India Company and extended for 20 years and the second Important work was done under this that the six members of the Board of Control Their salaries and allowances are still from Britain were being given but now it has been decided It was said that the members of the Board of Control who Salary and allowances will be salaries and allowances Now it will be given from Indian revenue only After that another 20 years will pass and 20 After a year, the next regulating act sorry by passing the next charter act passed It was sent in 1813 A.D. After this it came Charter Act of 1813 and the Charter of 1813 Three important works were done under the Act And what were those three important tasks

15:26 The first Christian missionaries in India The arrival of Christian missionaries The aim was to spread Christianity in India This is the first thing to do After this, for the development of Indian education for indian Education for the development of Indian education One lakh rupees were allocated annually. Rupee But Ear and suction is another important task It happened and Third Trade Monopoly of East India Company was

16:15 The trading monopoly of the abolished company abolished yet by 1813 monopoly to carry on business in India and only the British East India Company was passed but abolished in 1813 under the Charter Act of and will take care of There were only two trades on which The East India Company continued to have a right there was trade of tea there was trade of tea and there was a Trade with China These two trade monopolies remained The East India Company had the rest Trade union rights abolished The most important feature of this was the 1833

17:00 Under the Charter Act of 1918, thereafter for 20 years After this the next amendment of 1833 was passed and sent Charter Charter Act of 1833 Charter of 1833 Act and shall take into account the Charter Act of 1833 Some important works were also done under as the first important thing to do was who was hitherto called the Governor General of Bengal now came to be known as the Governor General of Now he became the Governor General of whole India went and I told you in history Lord became the first Governor General of India

17:46 William Batting Lord William Batting became India's The first governor General of the Cha of 1833 What is the next important task under what happened was The entire business of the abolished company The monopoly was abolished but rule of company but rule of company was extended for 20 years but the company's rule extended for another 20 years in India

18:33 The meaning of the saying given is that the British gradually were reducing business and ending business were doing and what were they doing to their administration was strengthening it, that was their aim Its After the next Charter Act was passed and sent which is called or you can say 18533 or charter of 183 Act

19:20 done under the Charter Act of 18533 what is the most important work will write tha and all India Legislative Council was established chuch head 12 Members from the East India Company were administrative and legislative functions were separated and to make laws to make laws An All India Legislative Council was formed in which there were 12 members in total and attention Will keep it for civil services from 1853 itself Commencement of written exams written exams have been conducted

20:08 for civil services for civil services This work was started by conducting written examinations This also happened under the Charter Act of 1853 But There were only 18530 that in 1857 we revolutionized against the British and The Great Riblinrider

20:58 and it is in the rule under the Crown that the most The first act was passed and sent 18581 Governor of of India Act 18582 of India Act

21:58 Who became the first Viceroy of India and Lord Canning was made Lord Canning of India The first vice Opinion of this In addition, the Board of Control and Court of Directors means Board of Controllers and the Board of Directors was suspended was terminated Gaya Board of Control and Court of

22:44 suspend the directors completely Gave went and meditated will still keep the board of control and coat The powers that the directors had the whole of the whole The power was given to a new position called secretary of Secretary of State for India and to advise the Secretary of State for India for one 15 members for one 15 members Council created It was called the Indian Council

23:30 And the Indian state will take care Secretary and the Indian Council together were known as Home Government means home The government does this important work made public on 1 November

24:17 By passing the next Act after 18582 which He was sent and he came Indian Council Act of 18616 or as you can call in hindi Indian council The Act was followed by the Indian Councils Act or Indian Council Act Under this two important works were done

25:04 First ordinance issued to the Viceroy of India Ordinances providing the power to Power to the vice Roy issued ordinance to the Viceroy of India and the second important Portfolio by Lord Cunning Portfolio from the system Gaya Classification of Indian Departments Departmental Departments or of India

25:54 Departmental Lord Gaya under the portfolio system Canning's The next Indian Councils Act was followed by sent by passing which is called Indian Council of 92 Act Indian Council of 1800 Indian Council Act

26:57 For the first time, Indians were given the right to debate on the budget was granted the right When the Congress was established in 18925 The Congress sessions had begun It was in 18811 by Dadabhai Nehru ji When the word Indian National was used before Congress By adding it, it became INC, Indian When the National Congress was formed, the Congress made some demands from the British government through One of which was that the Indians what should be there in indian budget there must be participation there must be participation After this the next Indian Council Act was passed came through in 1909 and keep in mind this was

27:43 Indian Councils Act of 1909 But it is famous by what name? This was sent in the name of two representatives This is called Morley Minto Reform Act or Merle Minto Reforms Act and Merle Minto Act what was the most important thing to do will keep an eye on Muslims of India S This act muslims of India Get a separate electorate

28:30 Separate electorate of Indian Muslims or Election after the arrangement was made The next Council Act came in 1919 indian council act but keep in mind that two This was sent in the name of the representatives is called This is what Montagu is called Teach's Food Reform montague cheems fad reform act Act that was sent 1919 and the Montagu Chums Fod of 1919

29:16 The most important thing about the Reform Act what was the specialty then attention I will keep a Dior key Vas Applied in provinces Dyarchy was introduced in the provinces or Dyarchy imposed in provinces went and its besides we will write a bye

30:02 Cameral Legislature [music] Under this, by camera legislator or provided for a bicameral legislature went and he gave Which were the houses that formed one council of

30:54 status or as it was called in hindi The Council of States which is today our Rajya Sabha Having more a central legislative assembly which you can say in hindi Central Legislative Assembly as it is today called Lok Sabha was first formed by our party in 1919. or our legislature was made bicameral was it or was it made by cameral had its

31:41 after that after The Government of India Act of 1935 came Government of India Act, 1935 This was followed by the Government of India Act, 1935 or the Government of India Act, 1935 and will take care this is considered As the main source of Indian Constitution This only The Act is the most important of our constitution Important Sources made

32:34 Why was it made because more than 70 per cent of Indian? the constitution has been taken From the Government of India Act of 1935 More than 70% of our population is affected by this Act Our constitution has been adopted taken Is Important works done under this work a diary Voss applied in

33:21 Dual rule is going on in the center and brother provinces By ending the Dyarchy in the provinces Now Dyarchy was imposed at the centre went to its Apart from distribution of Powers were divided Under which are the three lists which are called The Union List Sangh Provincial List Lista Provincial List and Concurrent List or what you call in hindi concurrent The list of these three lists between the centre and the provinces under Powers were divided

34:08 divided the went to its Apart from this, it was established on 1 April 1935 More attention from Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will keep 1937 Burma was separated from India in 1756 Burma was separated and not only this Under the Act 1937 I am a Federal Court Was Established In Delhi Delhi one of The Federal Court was established and Friends, we will remember this federalism

34:54 The court today what is called the supreme court of india india the highest of The courts are responsible for the constitutional development of India. Under the Regulating Act of 1773 to 1935 Ours till the Government of India Act of 1937 constitutional development went on but after this the formation The Constitution of India was established a meeting which you can call a concete assembly or constitution of india

35:54 Constituent Assembly or Constituent Assembly of India The first question asked in the exam is Tell me the most demanded constituent assembly in India who did it first brother verbally if we If we talk about the most important constituent assembly in India, then First demand M N Roy was the first to visit the village in 18954 The first person who demanded for a consent Assembly for India but the demand to We had put it before the British in 1934 That demand was accepted after a very long time What basically happened was, in 1934, we For whom did the Constituent Assembly demand the creation of the state of India?

36:40 so that we can make the constitution of India But the British could not accept our demand were not ready to accept 1935 By passing the Government of India Act of 1917 Sent to Provincial in India Legislative Assemblies were also constituted and in 1937 The first one was conducted in India in 1937 Provincial elections Elections and we will take care that these provincial Election These were conducted in 11 provinces, including emerged as the largest political party Congress came into power in six out of 11 provinces Congress and Grace got absolute majority

37:27 In total eight out of 11 provinces have their own It was successful in forming governments, but in 1939 Till then he could form his governments in all the provinces Was able to run that in 1939 the Second World War As soon as the second world war started The British formed a cabinet without Congress India was included in the second phase of the consultation He was extremely upset about this during the World War the people of the Congress Council of Ministers and all the In all the provinces where the Congress The governments were the chief ministers and the whole The Council of Ministers resigned Saying that resignations have been given now means a India is facing a state of constitutional failure Constitutional machinery emerged in All of them failed completely

38:13 Now there was pressure on the British in the provinces that we had to negotiate with the Indians will have to do it because ultimately second We need the help of Indians in the world war of the Indians but we had made it clear that We need a Constituent Assembly, our own Constitution We need the right to make our own and self rule I want Swaraj, I want everything, then what else Now the British started negotiations with the Indians I will try and take utmost care The first offer was made in 1940 was sent in 1940 to what we call August offer or august offer but august Terms of the offer completely by the Congress

38:58 was rejected and the proposal Rejected and protested against this in 1940 Gaya Individual Satyagraha or Individual Satyagraha started two years later in 1942 Then another proposal was sent which It is called Cripps Mission or Cripps The proposal states its terms and conditions Both the Congress and the Muslim League was rejected by and finally The Second World War was at its peak in 1942 reached there and we fought against the British We started the Quit India Movement said the britishers india

39:44 Leave it and you know three years of this after the second world war ended in 1945 when the US launched two nuclear tests on Japan attacked Finally the Second World War ended and The whole of Europe is in recession The biggest hit of which is Britain itself Now Britain had no choice except to accept our demands Finally our demands were accepted And the cabinet was sent to India in 1946 mission plan cabinet mission plan and you know three people Stafford Cripps in membership A B

40:33 Alexander and pathetic Lawrence and you know Pathik Lawrence He was the chairman of the Cabinet Mission Plan Under the Cabinet Mission Plan, our The Constituent Assembly was formed because: 1. For the Constituent Assembly on 4 July 1964 First election from First Election were carried out and Finally our Constitution Assembly Our Constituent Assembly was formed and you know There will be a total of 389 in our Constituent Assembly members used to be of which 292

41:25 Members in which to 292 Members British Provinces, i.e. From the British provinces There were 93 Members from native princely states, that is Princely State and four more from member four members from british

42:17 Commissionerate 296 seats Elections were held for 208 seats Indian got absolute majority with The National Congress came second with 73 seats. Muslim on the top 15 seats went to Adarsh League and 15 to others or Attention independents and friends will keep it on 93 seats to say Meaning Congress got absolute majority That is why the Congress

43:03 He made his intimacy on 2 September 1946 government or its interim The government then meeting of the constituent assembly Thereafter the Constituent Assembly I will keep three The meetings are the most

43:50 first 9 december In which Dr Sachchidanand Sinha was made the temporary president of the constituent assembly On 11 December 1946, Gaya was elected as the Speaker of the Constituent Assembly. permanent Prasad and the next meeting was held on 13 December In 1946, in which Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Indian Constitution

44:39 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru drafted the constitution introduced the preamble which was to be passed the next year by walking called preamble Its Later on 20 February 1947

45:34 Finally friends will take care of 1947 Indian Independence came in Act and the Indian Independence Act only Under 15 august India got freedom in 1947 The freedom which we celebrate every year on Independence Day which we celebrate every year as celebrate it as Independence Day What I mean to say is India's constitutional development india's constitutional Development began with the Regulating Act of 1773

46:20 which lasted till Indian Independence of 1947 Act or the Indian Independence Act commenced thereafter under constitution came into force [music] making of constitution the next session of the Constituent Assembly Meeting Constituent Assembly the next meeting or the next

47:06 The meeting was called 29 in August 1947 and you know in this meeting to draft the constitution in drafting done committee or drafting committee and this draft of the committee Head Or was made the chairman Doctor B R Apart from Ambedkar and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar In this appoints or removes six other members and similar Through the drafting committee itself drafted the constitution The struggle lasted for two years, 11 months and 18 days

47:52 Of After reading the constitution of more than 60 countries After testing, finally you know There are 26 Our constitution was ready in November 1949 happened it was adopted that's why every Every year we celebrate this day as Constitution Day as constitution day is celebrated There are 15 articles in our constitution The articles were implemented from this day brother You will know that the day our Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950

48:40 The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 has been done In which the first document was written of the preamble or constitution Preface of which there were eight Schedules Eight Schedules 22 Part 22 Parts and 395 Articles 395 Article

49:27 The constitution came into effect from 26 January 1950 Gaya and we celebrate this day every year as republic day More than 70 per cent of the Adopted from the Government of India Act And you know there are many more like that There were many such provisions which we We took it from foreign constitution and it was called foreign Sources of Indian Constitution or Let us look at the foreign sources of the Indian Constitution. Do you know which are those sources? there are foreign sources

50:15 of Indian Constitution Foreigners of Indian Constitution The source and the countries from where it comes we have provisions from where we have provisions If you have taken it in your constitution, then you will remember it like first of all Britain so if we talk about Britain You know we have bought a lot of Things have been adopted like single citizenship Single citizenship in India, you must know Single citizenship prevails in India Citizenship Moving Where did we get it from? We got it from Britain.

51:03 Besides this there is the parliamentary form of Parliamentary System of Government Law Method of making process apart from judicial writs also Where have we got it from? It is from Britain itself. all of these important things which we have adopted from Britain In addition USA Preamble of Constitution Constitution The preamble of the Fundamentals was taken from America The concept of rights i.e. fundamental rights The idea of this was also taken from America. Other judicial review Where did the power to do this come from, America? I Independent Judiciary Independent

51:50 Where did we get the idea of judiciary from? Took post of vice from America Where did we get the President from? America We also took the elected president from Took it from America and impeachment on the impeachment of president Where did the removal of judges come from? USA came its After Ireland Directive Principles of State Policy or the Directive Principles of State Policy we have Apart from this, elections have been taken from Ireland process of president We have also taken the election process from Ireland Apart from this, President has also been appointed in Rajya Sabha We have also nominated 12 members through

52:35 Where did you get it from in Ireland took it after Canada then Canada or Canada Quasi Federal System of Government Quasi-federal system of government from Canada I Post of Governors The post of Governor is also Where did the powerful centre come from? It came from Canada Or where did the idea of a strong centre come from? Also came from Canada france idea of republic state republic We borrowed the idea of the state from France and Apart from this the idea of liberty equality and fraternity liberty equality and

53:23 Where did we get the idea of brotherhood from? from France took Russia considers its fundamental duties as its fundamental We borrowed the idea of duty from Russia Political, social and economic justice too Where did we get it from Russia taken in addition australia language of the preamble We have taken the language of the preamble from Australia Concurrent List Relations Between has come from Australia Union and States also taken from Australia There has been a joint session called by the President Also where did we get it from? Australia I have taken all these things

54:08 belongs to australia are south Africa Provision of Constitution Provision of Constitutional Amendment we have taken it from South Africa and apart from that Election of members of Rajya Sabha Election of Rajya Sabha members is also held in South came from Africa after Germany Emergency Provisions Emergency Provisions and Emergency Powers of president president's emergency Where have the powers been taken from? From Germany It has been taken after

54:54 Japan Procedures Established by Law Method The processes we have established from Japan Lee these are some of the important countries where We have taken provisions in our constitution from Are But there is also a provision which It is swadeshi which we have adopted from foreign countries have not done and that is known as zero r The zero black in the parliament which is zero R Would This is the gift of the Indian political system We did not adopt it from anywhere If yes then all of these together are called

55:39 are the sources of Indian constitution or This or that source of the Indian Constitution which we have taken from foreign constitutions We have taken the foreign constitution from This is what it starts after, friends Constitution of India constitution of india or bharat Of constitution and you know it very well

56:25 The very first thing in the Indian constitution thing written is the preamble of the constitution or Constitution of Preamble of the Constitution or the Preamble to the Constitution, although it is complete The full statement is We the people of India a completely sovereign but completely You don't have to remember the statement You have to remember only those words which is used in our preamble to remember the words I am telling you the method in short first. I will write it above so S D

57:11 You all will like R and Jalebi brother We will remember Jalebi as Jalebi JLE Make a star on the three letters FI second so s and i star means so you Let us understand the conditions Apply this is the preamble of the constitution Now you are thinking about the preamble of the constitution This is what the first sleep means Sovan Sovan means dominance We want to make India a prosperous state imagine that the dominant any external power upon which any person or any other country will ever have any control no we will be socialists

58:00 Socialist, there is no ideology here Here socialist means our country socially or economically of anyone in did not exploit we will go secular Secular India will be the state's own There will be no religion, we are in matters of religion will remain completely neutral and respect all religions will be given equal protection in India D For Democratic, that is In our democratic country, direct or the people will rule indirectly and The people elect their representatives and Our country will be a republic, that is, our

58:47 The head of state is always elected we will always be a republic head of state The President's inheritance cannot be hereditary It is never the case that a son becomes the president It is possible and when we make our country like this So people will get equality in our country Justice how is justice Justice Political, Social and Economic People will get justice in our country Liberty Freedom

59:36 Equality Fraternity or Brotherhood and I For integrity So just now I told you Told you the idea of a republic state just now I told you that a republic is a state where did you get the idea from I just got this from Gaya France To you told Where did the word Justice come from? In 1917

1:00:23 Russia's name came from the Russian Revolution came from the revolution and this word is LEF LIBERTY Equality and Fraternity: This happened in 1789 come from the french revolution Word will also take care of friends who Stars are made on three letters, that is Socialist Secular and Integrity is Money We will keep this in mind, it is not already in our preamble because there were The words Socialist Secular and Integrity

1:01:09 Later added to our preamble Added by 4th to Constitutional Amendment Constitutional Amendment Act 1976 to 42 Added under Act 1976 after the preamble after the preamble we let's talk About Schedules of the Constitution Constitution of

1:02:03 Schedules of the Constitution or the constitution what are schedules what are schedules There are schedules, first of all we Will understand and take care of schedules and days Tables in our constitution which are not Mention in the Articles Schedules are the main parts of our constitution tables are those which have Mention in paragraphs or articles has not been done In our original constitution there are eight schedules but at present it has increased to 12 because after four schedules we have Added to the Constitution Like the first one is the schedule

1:02:48 Forest Schedule Firstly, they will ask you by giving you the schedule number Pay attention to what is written in it in schedule one has names of Indian States and Union Indian states and union territories The names of the areas are written in Schedule One next schedule in what is in the schedule then pay attention will keep Salaries Allowances

1:03:34 and pensions of government officials of of various officials of India It is about salary allowances and pension Schedule two is followed by schedule Three rules for taking oath of various offices of India Subject Brother, you know about different parts of India before the officer assumes his office take an oath of secrecy In what format is the schedule written? I am its later schedule

1:04:23 Four There is allocation in this Off Rajya Sabha members from States in Rajya Sabha from different states The allocation of members is the same given in Schedule Four, thereafter Schedule Five Administration end control of SC ST Areas Scheduled Castes and

1:05:13 Administration of tribal areas and Control next schedule six It has special provisions for special Administrative Areas you can call in Hindi Special for Special Administrative Regions Provisions for Special Administrative Regions Specific

1:06:02 provisions under which Assam Meghalaya Tripura And mizoram Its later schedule If Sen Schedule Seven and Schedule Seven If we talk about this have subjects of Union state and concurrent

1:06:49 Subjects in the Union List and Concurrent List next schedule A Schedule at Is Languages of the constitution languages of the constitution languages then brother you know first

1:07:34 Ninth Schedule Schedule Nine in which there is a lodge of Land Reforms Land reform laws were added to it first Under the Constitution Amendment Act 1951 In 1951, under its later schedule prohibition on defection

1:08:21 Amendment Act 1985 Rajiv Gandhi Government I am its later schedule 11 which has 29 subjects Off 29 subjects of Panchayat Panchayats added 73 Constitution Amendment Act 1973 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1900 92 I wrote 73 by mistake it is

1:09:15 1992 and Last 12 which has 18 subjects off municipality 18 subjects of Municipalities added by 74 Constitution Amendment Act 1992 This is the 12 schedules of our constitution or 12 Earlier there were eight schedules but now At present, their number has increased to 12 After this we discuss the Constitution

1:10:02 About the parts and articles of the constitution So friends, first of all let us talk Let's talk about part one of the constitution Part one of the Indian constitution and keep in mind that part one of the constitution Part one of Indian constitution in this We talk about The Union and Its status you can write in hindi union And its under States and shall take into account Part One of the Constitution

1:10:51 or of the Union and the States subordinate thereto, That is the provision of our constitution From Article One Articles were published till date what do we mean by our constitution The first four articles are four paragraphs These four together are called part one Part of the Indian Constitution One in which we talk about article tooth and fore I talk to the most First Article One of the Indian Constitution Article

1:11:40 to article 2 And article four, so let's know first are the names of these articles First of all, let us know what are the uses of these articles What provisions were made under and What provisions have we made Article One of the Constitution One says India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States i.e. India i.e. union of states of india will be india that is India

1:12:26 Shell B A Union of States of India i.e. India would be a union of states and if I If there is a union of states then friends pay attention We will keep the meaning of union of states here From all states of India and Union Territories From What I mean to say is here in the States we What are both the States and Union Territories do include and from this article we also get this information It also shows that the constitutional Actually our country has two names which are Article one is mentioned in English Our country is called India and in Hindi

1:13:11 This is called India, this is Article One If we talk about two, this provision makes is the entrance off oo States and Territories From Saying outside means if from outside India Any state or territory in India If you want to join then it is definitely possible of that State or territory under Article II The merger can be done in India, its our there are many examples like one example we take Sikkim you must know

1:13:57 Sikkim was not a part of the Indian Union earlier was by 35th constitutional amendment Act 1974 35th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1974 Sikkim was merged into India under Sikkim was added to India and Sikkim is considered an Associate State or Co-State Assam was made but the very next 36 Constitutional Amendment Acts by Year 1975 Sikkim became 22nd state of India Sikkim has been declared as the 22nd state of India

1:14:42 status has been granted in that case Any person from outside the territory of India If the territory wants to join India That is certainly possible under Article 2. Birth comes under article three of new states in India Birth of new states in India But if any person is admitted in the territory of India by altering the boundaries of states or Changing the name of a new state If it is formed, it will be under article three happens and we will keep in mind if article three of any law affecting the If the proposal is brought then in our country any of the The process of formation of a state is

1:15:43 Do you know Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019? But in 2019 Jammu and Kashmir was by ending the state status of divided into union territories that is Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh and Article 4 Article four states that if the article someone who affects one, two and three If any law is made then it is called article Not considered a constitutional amendment under 368 That work will be done with a simple process too it can be done but if India with its any part of the territory of India shall be deemed to be a foreign territory. if it is handed over to the state then there is provision for it in the constitution It would be necessary to make amendments such as for Example: 100th Constitutional Amendment Act

1:16:28 The land boundary which was passed in 2015 Agreement between India and Bangladesh Land border between India and Bangladesh We had agreed to give some villages to Bangladesh Merger of some villages of Diyar and Bangladesh done in India but because we have Some areas from its territory Bangladesh to amend the constitution for the purpose of It became mandatory and the 100th constitution was passed Amendment Act 2015 These are the four important articles which is covered in part one of our After the constitution, friends would have is part two of the constitution part two of Indian constitution and if we talk about part two If we talk about part two, then in this

1:17:17 All the provisions are related to Citizenship means relating to citizens Provisions Provisions relating to citizenship Articles are made from Pa Citizenship from Article F to Article 11 or if provisions for citizenship have been made We will talk about this in five to six articles. We talked to Sorry Pa in 11 articles We will talk about citizenship for a little while Earlier I told you that what are the benefits of citizenship We have taken these provisions from Britain Because single citizenship is from Britain provision has been made in our constitution and we will take care if we are related to

1:18:06 If we talk about paragraphs or articles Citizenship is first mentioned in Article 1 is defined and the constitution When our constitution initially came into force If this happens then which people will get Indian citizenship? provided and that the same shall be accepted without objection provision for the same in article pa has been done you can say definition Off Citizenship at the beginning off at the beginning of Constitution of India at the beginning of the constitution of India

1:18:54 of citizenship at the commencement of the constitution The definition is given in the article pa or Article F K Under its later article Six provisions have been made under this citizens of People Cam from pakistan to people coming to india from pakistan of the citizenship of Provision means after partition

1:19:39 All the people who migrated from Pakistan On what basis did they come to India permanently? But Indian citizenship was granted because of this Provision has been made for this in article six but if the parties Time People leaving Pakistan in millions When they had migrated to India, brother, many People left India and even went to Pakistan If you had migrated then you will keep the article in mind Seven Citizenship is in Article 7 Off People Migrated to Pakistan Pakistan

1:20:25 Citizenship of migrants In Provisions for those who came to India from Pakistan We have given them Indian citizenship But those who leave India forever His Indian citizenship went to Pakistan has been abolished forever and will never Now they will not be able to become citizens of India We have made the provision but partition At the time of that, there were many people who He was of Indian origin but was living abroad were So the provisions of their citizenship if the provision is made in article A then You can write citizenship in it OF PIO PIO means Person of Indian

1:21:11 Origin People of Indian origin People of Indian origin People were told that brother you should stay on your own in the Indian embassies at their Get registered Get it done and on that basis you will get India's Citizenship can be granted for Apart from this, under clause (a) of Article Nine termination of being you are a resident of a foreign country acquire citizenship of another country If you become a citizen of India then your citizenship will be in India

1:21:56 It will be given to Apart from this article 10 fall under Article 10 rights of

1:22:43 The right is given under Article 11 of You can say right in Article 11 Off Parliament Two Mecklenburgh For Parliament has the power to For citizenship or from citizenship can make or amend the relevant law can build it and parliament will take care related to citizenship by which the most The first laws were made in 1955 went and will take care of it first in 1955 Citizenship Act came Citizenship Act

1:23:29 Which has been amended eight times so far and under the same citizenship act Five steps to obtain Indian citizenship Methods were created and three such methods were created whose Indian citizenship can be terminated and what methods were used to do that Were will write citizenship Act 1955 Citizenship Act 1955 Five veg to get the

1:24:20 Five steps to obtain citizenship There are five ways to get Indian citizenship ways in which the first The method is citizenship by Citizenship by birth or citizenship by birth citizenship of his Post-Citizenship Bye Descent means by lineage Citizenship comes after that, the third way Citizenship by Registration Number Four Citizenships

1:25:06 by nature Ejection Number Five Citizenship By Acquired Territory is called the first from birth Citizenship if a person was born in India and both of his parents If he is born in India then he is a citizen of India Citizenship by descent Citizenship by descent registration Citizenship by naturalisation and acquired citizenship Citizenship based on territory: This is the five There are several ways to acquire Indian citizenship

1:25:53 can be provided but there are three Wages of Termination s well but the suspension of citizenship also three to end Methods created under the Citizenship Act 1955 and what were those methods First Renunciation Renunciation means automatically voluntary abandonment of a citizen Citizens renounce citizenship giving is followed by termination by the Dismissed by the Government If you are from another foreign country If you get citizenship then the government your citizenship will be terminated by

1:26:40 And there's Depp What does vation and dep vation mean deprivation of citizenship if any The person has entered India illegally has acquired the citizenship of India or engaged in any terrorist activity against or he is insane or insolvent In such a case, he would be granted Indian citizenship So that he can retain the Indian citizenship it can be terminated it can be terminated can go after that you know personally for us the most Important part or our constitution the most important part Part of Indian Constitution

1:27:26 subset of The three we talk about About Fundamentals About rights or your fundamental rights in part three there is fundamental rights or fundamental rights and if we talk about fundamental rights or When talking about fundamental rights, pay attention to We will keep Article 12 of our Constitution to Article 35 Provision has been made till our fundamentals rights our fundamental rights

1:28:13 Friends you know that fundamental rights we have fundamental rights which we cannot be deprived and if we rights are denied or our If fundamental rights are taken away from us then we can directly go to the supreme court and the high court then we go straight to the supreme court or you can go to high court because in the matter of fundamental rights supreme to be heard by the court original jurisdiction thereof is original or Primary Jurisdiction and for any case we need the whole Legal process has to be followed first I will go to the lower court and then appeal against it We will appeal again in the high court will do it in supreme court but fundamental the matter relates to violation of rights

1:29:00 for which we can directly go to the the Supreme Court in which or for which we Where can we go directly to the Supreme Court You can go directly to the Supreme Court Can are the most First Article Article 12 of Part III of the Constitution Definition of comes under 12 When we talk about parts of the constitution, what does it mean to say state? The word state is used in three When we use the word State, then it What all is included in the state, brother?

1:29:46 parliament central government state legislature State Government Panchayat & Municipality That means local self government is all that the department and the authority or officer who established by the constitution or by law In the language of the Constitution, we call it State or Rajya. You can read the article after this 13 Thereafter under article 13 it states is the termination of Termination of Laws Made

1:30:36 Against Fundamentals rights in hindi you can say original Voidance of laws inconsistent with rights if any such action is taken by the State any law is made or any such law which will be made in favor of fundamental rights I will not be against what is fundamental is inconsistent with the rights, he should be immediately suspended It can be en voided immediately This can be done after this friends we will talk We do About Classification of Fundamentals rights of fundamental rights classification so you all know that we

1:31:22 Fundamental rights are divided into six categories what can divide can delay R Six Fundamental Rights in Constitution of India in which the most would have been the first have right to Equality, of which the first is the right to of equality rights and will take care of the constitution Articles 14 to 18 Our very first fundamental to The right mentioned is the right to of equality rights of his

1:32:08 After that comes the right to freedom of freedom Right to freedom or independence Rights provided for in the article Articles 19 to 22 Till his after Right Against Exploitation or against exploitation

1:33:01 Right Against Exploitation or Right against exploitation which includes Article 23 and Article 24 come there is after that right to freedom Off of religion or religious freedom Rights mentioned in Article 25 Article 28 Till then brother is the best

1:33:47 First right to equality second right to Freedom Third Right Against Exploitation fourth right to freedom of Religion Number Five Cultural and Educational Rights Cultural and educational Cultural and Educational Rights These rights are given in Articles 29 and 30.

1:34:33 is defined and the last is the sixth fundamental the right which is called the right to Constitution Remedies Right to Constitution Remedies i.e that the constitutional of treatments rights and care will be taken this is mention in Article 32 of Indian constitution it in article 32 of the constitution

1:35:20 Is These are our six fundamental rights or Our fundamental rights are classified into six categories: is now classified as the first if there is right to equality then From Article 14 to Article 18 We were given the right to equality It is like Equality Before in Article 14 Equality before law or law for all people to all individuals under the law sees the same thing in the eyes and gets the same treatment and then article 15 says Prohibition of Discrimination on the Grounds of on the basis of religion caste Race Sex and Birth Place Religion Caste Origin

1:36:07 Discrimination based on race, sex and place of birth The ban was imposed under Article 15 is the article 16 comes under equal opportunity for all in public employments lok In planning equality of opportunity for all but There is an exception here because the article Provides for reservation to classes to say but there is reservation for certain classes or Reservation provision has also been made After that, it was done under Article 17 Ablation of untouchability The end or the end of untouchability and then the article

1:37:00 or titles 19 A's if you do then you know in respect of conviction for offences Protection is provided to us under Article 20 It has been done under which there are three conditions if the first condition is then it is ex post facto Protection in Laws If a person any act which has been done by

1:37:47 Made after committing an illegal act then he will not be punished for that and until the charge is proven against him Till then he cannot be called or considered an accused Maybe the second condition is single punishment for single offence The punishment has been doubled There is protection from punishment under Article 20 and The third condition is against oneself Protection from being a witness means any person may also be required to testify against himself not bound to be a witness for or can be done after that article 21 Right to marriage comes under Article 21 Freedom of Life and Personal

1:38:33 Liberty means the right to liberty of life and body we got it under article 21 but Please note that the exception is 86 The Constitution Amendment Act of 2002 another article under article 21 along with was added which is called Article 21A A of Article 21 under which another fundamental Our added rights are right to Right to Education and 6 to 14 years Free and compulsory for children up to getting education is their fundamental right It was made under article 211a After that Article 22 says arrest and Conservation by Detention Conservation by Gend Arrest

1:39:21 End detention of any person if any person is arrested if arrested then arrest before informing him of the reason for arrest it is mandatory for the arrested person to Court or Magistrate within 24 hours it is obligatory to be produced before the Selecting a lawyer or advocate of your choice also granted full authority will go after that next is right against Exploitation covered under Article 23 of the on human abuse and forced labour Restrictions ie that human misbehavior or prohibition of Human misbehavior or trafficking of

1:40:08 Hummons any type of person with any cannot be abused and any any act done forcibly or coercively on a person Article 24 will not be implemented Article 24 There is prohibition of child labour or child Prohibition on labor under the age of 14 the child in any public place or by making him a laborer in factory That work cannot be done through child labour it will be called child labour, it will happen after that The right to religious freedom is the right to Freedom of religion which includes Article 25 in India it is provided that Believing in any religion and propagating it Freedom to disseminate the article

1:40:54 In addition to that provided under section 25 Management of Religious Affairs and Religious Works under Article 26 Article 27 provides for any Any religious income for religious purpose Right not to pay taxes Article 27 and article 28 says that in India Any educational institution of any kind shall not provide religious education if he if it is run from state funds rights of minorities after that Cultural has been done in Articles 29 and 30 Article in Cultural and Educational Rights 29 Article 29 Every citizen of India Celebrating and promoting one's culture authorises it to disseminate its

1:41:42 Apart from India under Article 30, Minorities have religious beliefs for themselves to establish educational institutions and gives them the right to manage their Later Article 31 was removed from the Constitution Did you know this is a right to property? There used to be a constitutional amendment in 44 It was abolished under the 1978 Act And then there is Article 32, Right to Constitution Remedy which was developed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar defined the soul of the constitution What is Article 32? Article 32 tells us This provides the security that if our fundamental rights are taken away from us or if they can be deprived of it then v can directly go to the supreme court and the high court then we will go straight to the supreme court

1:42:29 and under Article 32 the Supreme Court may The court is going to restore our fundamental rights order to make it effective again for can issue directions or writs it is Article 32 is our fundamental right The question will come back to you from here You will get the fundamental right so quickly Look, it is impossible to tell but We assume you read the material this is just a revision for you Content whatever you have read in syllabus content I have read this revision of it otherwise only fundamental rights are It takes four to five classes to teach If we read it in detail then But what are we doing right now and only

1:43:15 are you revising things or Do you know after this the next part comes Four of the Indian Constitution Part The four that we talk about are About Directive policy or you can say are the states Of Policy Guide

1:44:01 Elements of Directive Principles of State Directive Principles of Policy or State Policy Where were the adopted Irish from the Constitution or from Ireland What happens to the state according to the constitution The directive principles are the first thing They will take care of our constitution Defined in articles 36 to 51 This is explained in Article 36 We read up to Article 51. Directive Principles of State Policy or the Directive Principles of State Policy States will take more care about These are the duties which a State has to should be done for the sake of its citizens so that He could build a welfare state

1:44:47 and to the people and to the social and to provide financial independence Directive Principles of State Policies has been included means to say that its Under this Act, the States are required to provide security to their citizens instructions have been given directions have been given they are the ones who are called Directive Principles of State Policies

1:45:37 So the first thing we'll remember is About the Directive Principles he says this: What are the Directive Principles of State Policy or what is the purpose two purpose to make a welfare state that is of a welfare state Construction and addition to insure so End

1:46:24 economical freedom Two Citizen Citizens to social and financially independent social and economic for the citizens Freedom ensured The two most important objectives are to

1:47:10 These are the Directive Principles of State of the policy but these are better for understanding or to understand better into three categories for is divided into three principles and If Let us talk about their classification Classification then these are divided into three categories can go the most first called are socialists The principals are called first Socialist Principles i.e.

1:47:57 that socialist Socialist Principles Principles or Socialists Principle Next Gandhian Principles which you can say in Hindi are Gandhians Theory and

1:48:44 then there would be third which are called western Liberal Principals western liberal Western Liberal Principles or Western liberal theories in categories What we have done in the Directive Principles of State Policies or State The Directive Principles were divided into

1:49:29 Is Next Its After Part 4A of Indian Constitution Part of the Constitution 4a now if this part is cha a then brother Naturally, this is already our core This part was not there in our constitution added later to the Constitution or It was added later and what else was there in it what was added to it so you know the fundamentals duties are our fundamental

1:50:19 Duty Fundamental duties or our fundamental duties whose PROVISIONS CONSTITUTION Article 51A of the yes brother from 36 to 51 it is directive The principals were the policy directors of the state The elements were the same but by adding another article Fundamental duties by inserting article 51a what has been done to it was added to you You will ask on whose recommendation this was added will pay attention to the recommendations off on the recommendations

1:51:04 Off Sardar Swarn Singh

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