Theory Revision - CAT Term 2 - Grade 10

0:00 [Music] hi there grade 10 learners and welcome to our video today where we are revising we're just going to go through everything that we covered in term two so this is your term two revision video and we're looking specifically at theory now we would have started with module 1.6 so let's go through this so 1.6 started with integrated software okay now the first thing we need to ask is or just remember is what is integrated software and here we are talking about a few pieces of software that's actually built into one software package for example microsoft office it's one cd it's one disk it's one installation file

0:47 that has like you know five or six different individual programs but they've been integrated into one software package so let's look at some of the advantages we can see that separate packages have a similar interface as we see with word excel powerpoint etc separate packages are designed to share and exchange data and we know we can do that between the two or between all of them and it's sold as a suite of programs when we talk about the microsoft office suite we're actually talking about the programs that make up the piece of software that we call microsoft office okay so that you should know there are a few examples please know how to give the advantages and be able to give some examples as

1:32 well then we went into license agreements and the main thing here is just knowing what an eula is so an end user license agreement and what is that it's a legally binding contract between you as the user and the software company okay and there they give you a few examples of examples of that so just know what it stands for and how to explain it okay then we went on to software piracy so your license agreement directly influences what we're talking about now our software piracy because the license agreement you are agreeing you know with the company as to how you are going to use that piece of software so software piracy is when you take this and you don't adhere to that agreement you are now you know

2:18 installing it illegally you are making copies you are distributing with your friends and we talk about proprietary software in other words software that we've purchased so you go into the shop you buy microsoft office whichever version and then you decide to make copies of it and send it to your friends and family members that is software piracy okay most software now requires activation or registration online in order to crack down on this it is a crime and can't result in hefty fines and even jail time okay now they went into some more detail on the single user license which means that you can install one copy of the software on your machine okay your machine not somebody else's

3:04 machine you can also make a backup copy so you've got your laptop or desktop you buy that piece of software you can use it on that machine install it on that machine as many times as you want to but on that machine and you can have a backup copy as well in case you lose the original c that's the only way that you can actually be safe if you have a single user license a site license is a bit different now when we talk about a site we're talking about an area okay so your school for example would be a site so what this then means is that we've got one license for the entire area okay an unrestricted number of installations within the company or organization now it is more expensive to purchase but long term it is a whole lot

3:51 cheaper think about it this way a single user license for microsoft office could cost you in the region of six to well 600 to a thousand rand somewhere there now imagine you have a hundred computers at your school you need to take that thousand and multiply that by a hundred whereas microsoft might charge you half of that amount for the site license and you have unlimited installs as long as it stays at that site so you can store it on the um you know desktops laptops anything like that as long as it remains at school even the the teachers laptops you know it's also fun it's also called remember that term volume licensing then we went on to freeway and shareware and please you know the difference freeway free to download use distribute

4:37 shareware free to download and use for a limited period of time and then you would have to pay for the full version and then we had open source software we were talking about software that we can download for free use and modify modify is the key term here okay so we can modify that as well you have examples like linux libreoffice and java programming so those are just a few if you know of others you're more than welcome to use uh them in the exam they will sometimes ask you for the advantages and disadvantages so you can go through that just know about two of them don't denote really more than that and that should then suffice on that side then the copyright please know what these terms mean

5:22 so copyright refers to the legal right to make copies publish and sell if you are doing that you are going against the copyright you are you know you have this copyright infringement because you have not adhered to that and that's where you get into trouble when we talk about intellectual property please know how to explain this it's a broader concept it recognizes the ownership of the person that came up with the original idea for example in south africa the guy who came up with the idea of the sms he was suing i think one of the companies because he came up with the idea of the sms you know show them sort of how it should work and then one of the other cell phone companies actually or the company that was work for they ran with the idea so now he's actually sued them for this being his

6:09 intellectual property in other words he came up with the idea creative commons non-profit organizations that promote the sharing and free use of knowledge and products legally okay that's the important part we wanted to sorry system software we'd start to talk about software that uh does things on the entire system so compression software compression making it smaller okay that's what things like winzip does now this falls under utility programs please utility programs have a specific purpose they are there to add to the features of the operating system so here we've got things like winzip and as i just explained now it makes things smaller so it takes your file in folder and makes it smaller it does not damage the file

6:56 or folder you've got backup utilities now they will ask you why do you need to backup why is it a good idea obviously files can be deleted files can become corrupt and then you have another copy of those files that's why you want to use them drivers not the guy driving the taxi or the bus or your parents no no that's not the driver the drive is a piece of software and what does it do it speaks to the computer and tells it what hardware is connected have you ever seen when you plug in a flash drive you've got a flash drive you plug it in and immediately a pop-up comes up on the screen there's a driver that's been speaking and saying hey operating system hello yes there's a piece of hardware plugged in and then i'll ask you what do you want to do with this ah okay this is

7:42 what i want to do right and then it opens you install a printer you connect it up windows is like hey what's going on here uh something's been plugged in you've got to use the cd tell windows or that software on the cd tells windows how to work with that piece of hardware so just bear that in mind okay then we went on to module 1.7 where we spoke further about hardware concepts please hardware physical hardware okay input and output remember input giving things to the pc instructions to the pc output bringing things out of the pc okay so we've got our pointing devices like our mouse our touchpad um you know just just know the difference

8:27 between those two uh there are touchpad buttons as well we've got things like your pin input your trackball please go and look for examples of these things i'm actually going to get one of these pin input devices and then i'm going to do a little demo so you can see how it works i'll point in gestures when it comes to our touchscreen devices okay we know we can pinch expand swipe drag touch we do this every single day all right so i'm not going to go into too much detail but that they would have touched on then your senses the the most important one here or maybe i shouldn't say most important but the one that they ask the most is the accelerometer why because people keep thinking it has something to do with speed okay because accelerate moving

9:14 faster so they're thinking ah it's going to do with the speed of the of the laptop or the device no look at that it detects movement changes the orientation of the screen guys when i take my phone and i do that and the picture flips that's the accelerometer sensor that's actually doing that temperature sensor speaks for itself light sensor it adjusts to light and then your electronic compass as well so those are just some of the sensors that we find on the devices that we have today remember gaming devices like our joysticks again giving instructions to the pc um or to the the console our game controller and oh lovely steering wheel i need to get me a nice setup there but that's all

10:00 giving instructions to the device very importantly one of the areas that that is going to come up in tests and exams are digital cameras all right knowing how they work you know why they are better than what we had before yeah they mentioned pictures can be downloaded most smartphones have digital cameras built into them it's easy to share you know instantly the resolution is good as well so those those are just a few things on the digital cameras you want to take note of that okay just importantly then your scanners you needed to know there's round difference between a flat bed and a sheet fit now your flatbed looks like the one that you see there why do they call it a flatbed because

10:45 you're putting the page flat down on that um screen and then we're closing it like you would close a bed okay you know you pull up the sheets uh the duvet there you go you are in bed nice and snug in there and that's your flatbed your your sheet fade one is a bit different like when you use a copy machine it pulls in each sheet of paper and then scans that now what's the purpose of your scanning or your leading device it scans the image into the computer it's replaced or largely replaced by the use of cameras or mobile devices because most of us are taking you know photos of the documents and things um we can also scan qr codes these days so that is that is that is very good on that side remember your barcode readers what they

11:30 do remember they store information so when you scan that barcode like at the tool the individual scans the barcode and what comes up the price and the details of that particular product so there we see and what it also does is it updates the central database so when you purchase a can of baked beans you bought in bulk you put like ten tons of baked beans then what happens is that person scans it and it's purchased it updates the record books um and the stock you know control so that for example let's say checkers checkers now knows that ah okay so 10 uh tons of baked beans have actually left the store so 10 have now been sold so benefits at the bottom there you can see speed and accuracy and it's updating the stock

12:18 control as well then we have biometric scanners so scanning using some sort of you know some part of your body whether it's the eye or the the fingerprint or your voice or your face or something like that but something that's unique to you biologically unique to you okay we've also got card input where our details are stored magnetically on our cards i mean you can see these days we just tap and go tap and go why because it picks up on that card everything it needs authorizes it and there we go and for me it's a it is it's very convenient but it's a little bit dangerous when you don't have to put your opinion anymore okay so yeah we just just bear that in mind then our rfid tags our radio frequency identification tags small

13:03 radio devices that store and transmit data often used when you want to track people especially when it comes to um you know like these marathons um iron man you know those type of things when they in the wild and they want to track you know different animals they can use these sort of tags as well and then character recognition these are three that are very important now most of us at this point we should know ocr okay which is your optical character recognition this is where we scan in a page and yeah i don't know something with me now you're scanning a page and the software can actually read the letters on the page and it turns it into instead of a picture a document right so now you can go and edit it that's the point we've also got omr

13:49 which is optical mark recognition where you can scan and mark tests now i know with unisa when i was doing my exams if it was a multiple choice exam they would have one sheet of paper you would fill it in with pencil and all they did was they would take that and pop that through the machine and the machine would mark it so it would be using omr then magnetic ink character recognition or micr checks the magnetic ink on chicks now we don't really use much of that today because most of what we do is digital anywhere okay but it's just so so that you know then video and audio input getting video onto the pc uh how do you do that you can record it directly from a webcam look i'm using my

14:36 digital camera here so i'm getting it directly into into my pc you can transfer it you know from your cell phone via cable or bluetooth or wirelessly whatever it is okay what about audio audio can be used for recording and mixing music like i've got a microphone here that's capturing all the audio i'm recording narration for presentations and videos inputting text giving the computer commands okay so those are all the things you would have gone through there is um and i know i've touched on this before voice recognition software where i can actually speak into the microphone and it goes through that software and the software then converts it to actual text now it's very nice but just understand

15:21 it must get used to your voice it must get used to your way of speaking so it's going to take a bit of time but eventually it should be okay only problem is sometimes you're dealing with software that has been developed by our american friends so our fairly flat accent is you know it's just not gonna cut it we are going to be speaking and the software is going to be throwing up words that we haven't even said so just bear that in mind sound is also used to give feedback in other words uh giving a sound back to the user when they're interacting with a computer makes it easier for disabled people uh it makes games more realistic obviously those of us who play games we know and it can turn your computer into

16:07 a real entertainment device so these are just some of the things when it comes to audio our data projectors we know this already we know what the data projector does we've seen it in class we know it takes the image and throws it up into a bigger area so that we can see it there are different types of projectors as well and it just affects the image quality that is given then we have something called a multi-function printer now a printer prints but when there's a multi-function printer it means it does more than just print so you've often seen the printers where they say print copy scan the minute it does more than one thing it becomes a multi-function device so it can print most of them today can print scan email they can make copies as well our fax machine for example is a

16:53 standalone device which means it could only could only scan a document and transmit it to another scanner sorry another fax machine some fax machines later on could actually fax to email so the person would fax and it would send it through and it would come into your email okay then storage devices and media very important okay please i know this some of this can be a little bit outdated in terms of like talking about cds dvds many of us don't use these things to store info we use our trusty flash drive okay but just understand this we need to know where we started um and yeah move forward from there so our cds could hold about 700 megs our dvds 8.5 gigs if

17:41 we're using both sides and then our blu-ray would deal with like 50 gigs or more but you'd have to have special software in order to transfer the files over to that cd okay or dvd or blu-ray you'd also have to have an optical drive so you'd have to have a physical drive in your computer or your laptop that would be able to read those um cds and dvds so the drive itself like a cd player i don't know who i'm speaking to maybe some of you have never seen a cd player go google it please um a cd player is an optical device that reads media okay when we talk about optics we're talking about the eyes so the optical device actually has a laser inside that

18:27 reads the contents of their disk okay bear with me all right then we've got uh our memory cards most of us know this already we've got our sd cards we've got a memory stick we've got a complex compact flash depending on which device you're using like the memory the in fact the compact flash that will be used in certain devices some of you have sd cards that you're using in your phones to expand the memory um so yeah that's just fine this is all these are all just different devices where we can store our info too right and then taking care of the pc system that is not too bad a little bit cluttered but it's okay okay you should see what my

19:13 area looks like sometimes you want to keep magnetic sources away from the computer why because you're talking about electronic devices it can mess with things you want to keep the area dust free well ventilated you don't want to have drinks next to your computer equipment guys water and electronic components do not mix okay they do not mix at all and then yeah please don't eat over your keyboard don't sit in your bed with your supper and your laptop okay inevitably something is going to go wrong so just be careful with that there's our optical storage media when they talk about media we're not talking about this physical device over here this is the optical drive that is an optical drive the disc is the

19:59 media the cd the dvd the blu-ray that is an example of the media in other words where are you storing this to where are you stored in it on that becomes the media so with your series and that you want to try and protect them from scratches you want to clean them carefully you want to hold them by the edges okay because otherwise yeah you're going to end up with a lot of problems with those discs then for the processing we've got our motherboard here's a beautiful picture of the motherboard and we can see there are two ram slots for our memory we can see um over here we've got a connector for our power supply here we've got uh the old keyboard and mouse or keyboard and mouse i remember that because the keyboard was always purple always had a

20:45 purple connector at the end of the mouse green we've got hdmi serial ports we've got a vga we've got usb two network cards and a three channel sound card and an extra port uh maybe for something excel that you wanna pop into the pc as well so yeah we've got everything on that motherboard over there just know your cpu what does it stand for central processing unit what does it do and how is it measured okay it's measured in gigahertz it plugs into a socket on the motherboard the working part of the cpu is very it's a very small piece of silicon and it contains billions of electronic circuits so please this is very

21:30 important okay then the difference between your ram and rom ram in random access memory this is where the cpu keeps all the data instructions it is volatile which means it changes and is supplied in modules called dims those black slots that i showed you on the motherboard okay it is fast and it is expensive in terms of it costing uh more per gig than storage when we talk about storage we're talking about a hard drive okay then our read-only memory special chip that holds the instructions you need to start the computer and load the operating system guys basically after that you don't have to know anything else you obviously we will know that it's non-volatile but that's about it okay then 2.1 dealt with networks

22:16 so please know how to define a network there's our definition it's two or more computing devices okay not computers computing devices connected through some sort of media that could be a cable wireless whatever it is for the purpose of sharing information that is what a network is you then get local area networks in other words a network defined or confined to one specific geographical area or global network where you have many of these networks that have been linked together to function as one global network for example the internet okay uh then some advantages you need to know some of these advantages i'm not really going to go into much detail we know these things you can share hardware you can share

23:03 communication you can share files you can share access to the internet as well so just understand those things okay uh centralization of data because we can save everything we have onto a server and everyone can then access it from there so yes just know those things as well also when you want to book tickets they just give us an example of booking tickets online as well flexible access to things i mean i can work from home and log into my pc at work you know you can do things online internet banking they just give you a couple of examples so go through that and then leisure as well the fact that you can watch netflix you know as an example any way you want to with a device and an internet connection

23:48 you can listen to the radio anywhere you know check out magazines all these different things online gaming the whole works these are again they're giving you a lot of advantages and well a lot of advantages at this point you don't have to know all of them okay i stick to the rule of thumb with like two i know two and i can explain two because it's really a lot to take everything in then our disadvantages again here also know at least two because if you know two advantages and you can explain them you know two disadvantages and you can explain what the network is boom you sorted okay you sorted the model 6.1 was the last one for the term

24:34 um and it dealt with a strategy to solving problems now six module six focused on what some of you would be dealing with and that would be the pets okay so this was one of the ways you know also helping you with that so they they dealt with how to look at problems they gave you a couple of scenarios here um and they say again here's one suppose you get a mark of 50 for a test and you want to know whether the mark is good or bad well how are you going to know that how are you going to know that you first need to find out what the test is out of scenario like okay well 50 out of 60. hey that's not bad at all convert converted to a percentage over 80 distinction beautiful i'm happy with that okay but you wouldn't know unless

25:20 you knew what the mark was out of okay so they want to give us a couple of basic steps to follow we need to analyze the problem collect data and information about it solve the problem and present the solution guys if you are busy with your pets then these modules i know in grade 11 modulus module 6 and i think in grade 11 as well you know 10 11 and then there is a little bit in grade 12. it's all designed to help you with the pets so use it okay remember our questions we were asking questions in the pets so they just chat a little bit about the role of questions please know the difference between a closed question and an open question very important they always ask it even in grade 12 cat okay

26:07 then the difference between data and information at this point we should know that okay information sources where can we get information from electronic media from computers smartphones radio please also when you do this reference correctly just reference correctly some of the information sources again some more than printed media books magazines journals you can also get information through questionnaires through people by interviews you know anything like that so they just they just go through all of these different things and give you some important notes when it comes to interviews you know what should you be doing when you are conducting an interview what sort of notes should you

26:53 um be making oh yeah and i think that's that's it yes so great tens that's everything we've covered for term two i'll do another video where i go through the prac for grade 10 and then grade 11 and 12 i'll be doing the same for you as well so guys thanks so much for watching share this with everyone and let's help everyone do the best they can with the cat exams