0:00 When I was in school, I always wondered . I was the one who put the most effort into taking notes in class , but when I took the exam, it was like I didn’t study . Some top students’ textbooks were cleaner than their faces , so they could crush me and other bad students every time . That is, even if I stayed up late the day before the exam to memorize formulas and memorize key points , my brain can always selectively lose memory during the exam. Why is this? I still couldn’t figure it out. It wasn’t until I learned some psychological principles related to learning and memory that I realized that I chose In a most thankless way, a university professor is explaining a text to his students, and after he's finished , a psychologist walks in , randomly divides the students into two groups , and tells them they're going to take a quiz, except first . The first group can continue to read the article just now
0:47 , so teach them to repeat the reading group . The second group is not so lucky. Their textbooks are taken away and they can only review by silent memory. It is called the silent memory group . Normally, the repeat reading group The students read the book a few more times, the memory effect will be better , and the grades will naturally be higher. The result is no surprise . In the next test, the repeated reading group performed better than the silent recall group . However, the experiment is not over yet. Two days later , the psychologist suddenly Tell them to take the test again , and the content is still the same article. This time , there was a surprise . The students in the silent recall group remembered 68% of the content , while the repeat reading group only remembered 54% . In order to eliminate the influence of uncertain factors, a week Afterwards, these students took the test again. The results of the silent recall group were still due to the repeated reading group. Why did this happen ? In fact, after we receive a piece of information, it is
1:33 the beginning of forgetting . For the brain, the speed of processing information is not the same as the speed of transmitting information to the outside world. Quantity , so he cuts and filters all the time , leaving the scarce space for the most important information to himself , so that we can understand the differences between the two groups of students. The memory of the brain is like shells on the beach , which are washed back to the sea by waves from time to time . Repeat Students who read away are more likely to emerge. It’s like a boat that sends shells , that is, forgotten knowledge, back to the beach . The last-year recall group is much harder . They can’t just watch the shells being washed away, but they can only go to the sea to salvage them. The difference between the two lies in one. It is the way of review. The repeated reading group is to input over and over again , and the last-year recall group is to search in the brain. The second is the difficulty of review . The last-year recall group is obviously much more difficult. The brain remembers something , and we can remember
2:20 it. A completely different process. We must have encountered such a situation . I saw an actor on TV and could n’t remember his name , but one day I suddenly remembered it. This is called the memory application theory. There are two dimensions, one is storage ability and the other is extraction ability. The storage ability will not weaken over time . If you remember it, it will stay in your brain. But why can’t you remember it? It is mainly the responsibility of the extraction ability. He is not as strong as the storage ability . It belongs to the more you use it The stronger you are, the more you use it, the better it is. During the exam , the brain has to check the vast amount of knowledge. Find out the concept of each question, the solution works , the brain has to deal with the current task according to skills and experience, all of which depend on our retrieval ability, the reason why the students in the silent memory group get good grades is also because they have strengthened their brains by recalling and dictating these methods In addition to this
3:06 reason , memory traces also determine the gap between the two learning methods . During the review process, the last-year recall group needs to work hard to return to the information just received . It is laborious and even painful. At this time , the brain will open a higher level. Cognitive system At the same time, he will also think that this information must be very important to you. You need to circle the key points, and the memory trace will be deeper. The repeated reading group is much easier to review , and it will not get the attention of the brain. From this point of view , we usually use repeated reading and reciting This method cannot be said to be useless , but at least it is not the most efficient method. We just found a sense of familiarity in the process of repeatedly flipping through the textbooks. Every time we review, we feel more familiar and have the illusion that we have learned it. But in fact , we only know I know what I know , but I don’t know what I don’t know . After the exam, I will find that I have forgotten some of what
3:51 I know , and I don’t know at all . Based on the above theory, efficient learning methods can start from two aspects. To reduce forgetting, the second is to exercise the retrieval ability, which can be retrieved at any time by using it at any time . First , it creates difficulties for learning. I used to think that the easier it is to learn, the faster it will be to learn . The priority of the memory area, the memory trace is relatively shallow , so we have to put a little pressure on him to make him feel that this information is important . Here are two tips. One, spaced practice . Some studies arranged 38 interns
4:37 to study 4 sessions on microscopy Half of the doctors learned the surgery class in one day, and the other half took a week between each class . They started to practice a month after the course ended. The results showed that the performance of doctors who studied intensively in each session was significantly lower than that of those who studied at intervals. Doctors learn new knowledge or skills . Generally, everyone tends to have long-term pain rather than short-term pain. Concentrate on learning for a period of time, but long-term memory takes time for mental interpretation and other consolidation processes. I have gone through this process again , so the effect is better than concentrated practice . 2 Interleaving exercises is to break the habit of concentrating on the same topic , just like learning Chapter 3 and Chapter 5 while learning English, or learning calculus while learning English. Probability theory sounds strenuous, right? But in one experiment
5:23 , a group of students concentrated on practicing the same type of questions , and another group interspersed with other types of questions . The results of the test were that the first group had a higher correct rate than the second group , but it was repeated a week later. In the test, the correct rate of the first group dropped to 20%, while the interleaving practice increased to 63%. help to grow Term memory 2 develop the habit of retrieval. Retrieval exercises are self-tests . Take the initiative to recall and sort out the knowledge you have learned to form a complete context in your brain so that you can quickly call it when you apply it. There are also 3 tips for retrieval . 1 Self-questioning and self-answering to end a day of study or After learning a chapter , ask yourself some questions , such as what are the core concepts of this knowledge, what problems can it be applied to, what
6:10 is the connection with what you have learned before, etc. Different disciplines correspond to different professional problems , and the interesting thing is that From the professional level of the question, you will know whether you have learned and how much you have learned. 2. The best way to search for exams is the exam, but what many students hate the most is the exam . The learning loophole becomes a measure of a student's ability , so for many students, grade rankings are more important than which questions they get wrong . But we can find test questions or make our own questions , and there is no doubt that it works surprisingly well. There is a study that shows that after learning After taking a test, the recall rate increased from 28% to 39% after one week . How to design the test? There are three principles. First , the test questions should be question- and -answer questions rather than multiple-choice questions or judgment questions. Reducing the difficulty is not conducive to memory. Secondly
6:57 , the test also adopts the method of interval practice . Sleep can consolidate the memory, so the two tests can be separated by one day . We can take the test according to the rhythm of one day, one week or two weeks. Finally, do not check the answers immediately after each test. You can choose to check again the next day. Postponing feedback will give you one more chance to practice . Thirdly, teaching others is the Feynman learning method that everyone is familiar with . This is also the process of retrieval . Feynman advocates that if you tell what you have learned to a 12-year-old Only when your child can understand can you really understand . Learning has three key steps: encoding , consolidation and retrieval . Encoding means that the brain converts the received information into mental representations that can be stored, understood and applied. Before fully understanding new knowledge , he The storage form of the brain is fragmented and
7:42 fragmented , but now you want to explain it to a 12-year-old child, you have to find a way to let him form a complete and clear structure , which is helpful for the formation of mental representations . In addition, when we transform abstract concepts The process of forming your own words is also a process of linking new and old knowledge . It is more in line with our retrieval habits and it is easier to remember when applying it . Have you noticed that some of these methods are often used by top students ? For example, some of my grades were good in high school. Students will find test papers of different subjects to do it every day . This happens to be a combination of practice and exams. Therefore , the masters of learning are not born with strong learning ability , but just use scientific and efficient methods. The methods we are talking about today come from 11 cognitions Psychologists , through long-term experiments and a large amount of data analysis, they have developed a learning method that can be applied to schools and workplaces and conforms to the laws of psychology. It
8:28 is really worth a try
