0:00 Man, good afternoon. Yesterday I told you about spinal cord and I told you the spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system and this structure is a cylindrical structure in the upper two/irds of the vertebral canal. In the inferior one-third of the vertebral canal there is koda euina and film terminal. Film terminal is a part of the pometer remaining of the pometer and koda equina is formed by
0:49 lumbar sacral and coxidial spine spinal nerves that descend in the vertebral canal and emerge from the inferior border of same number vertebrae. As you know spinal cord in the foromin magnum has connection with the medala ablangati inferior part of the brain and in adults inferior border of the spinal cord is at the level of intervertebral disc between L1 and L2. This inferior part is called konus
1:35 medulararis. And this part is conical or cone- shaped structure. And from apex of this konus medularis film terminal descent. Superior part of the spinal cord has larger diameter in comparison to the inferior part. But in two regions, enlargement of the spinal cord occur. Cervical enlargement from C4 to T1 segments and lumbar enlargement from L1
2:21 to S3 segments. I told you on the anterior surface of the spinal cord there is anterior median fissure in the midline and on the joining part of the anterior surface to the lateral surface on each side there is antrolateral sulcus and from contrateral sulcus motor root or anterior root or ventral root of the spinal nerves emerge. On the posterior surface of the spinal cord in the midline there is posterior median sulcus and on each side there is postrolateral
3:07 sulcus. between posterior surface and lateral surface. Sensory root or dorsal root or posterior root of spinal nerves interpolateral sulcus. If you remember I told you in the dorsal root or sensory root there is a gangalion that is called DRG or dorsal root gangalion with >> pseudo unipolar neurons in the internal structure of the spinal cord.
3:54 In the internal structure of the spinal cord, there is gray matter in the central part similar to the edge and white matter in the peripheral part. On each half of the spinal cord, gray matter has three parts. Anterior gray column, posterior gray column, and intermediate gray column. Okay. Anterior gray column, posterior gray column, and intermediate gray column.
4:49 You imagine this is a transfer section or cross-section from the spinal cord in this cross-section or in this cross-section or transfer section. You see gray column, posterior gray column and anterior gray column.
5:46 here and in the central part of the spinal cord there is a central canal. Central canal. Central canal is lined by the epandmal cells. vandal cells in the gray matter on the posterior gray column there are four regions. There are four regions.
6:32 This region is called aex. Apex. This region is head. This region is neck. And this area is base. There are four regions in the posterior gray column. And in the anterior gray column, there are two regions. base and head. Base and head.
7:23 On each side of the gray matter in the spinal cord, there are 10 lamini. There are 10 lamini from epics of the From apex of the posterior gray column, first lamina begins. Head of the head of the posterior gray column is called lamina number one or postro marginal
8:09 lamina or lamina number one. Ostromarinal lamina. Second lamina is in the head and second lamina is called substantia. Substantia, gelatinosa, Rolandi or Rolando is the name substantial Latinosa Rolandi
8:56 in the head. There are third lamina and fourth lamina. And in the neck there is lamina number five. And in the base there is lamina number six. In the base of the anterior gray column there is lamina number eight. And on the head of the anterior gray column there is lamina number nine. Around the central canal there is lamina number 10. And between base of the posterior gray column and anterior gray column here is lamina number seven.
9:42 Okay. There are many nuclei in the gray column gray matter. Lamina one is called postro marginarinal lamina. Lamina 2 is substantial rolandi. And in the in the lamina three and four here there is no close proparius. No close Proparious
10:31 lamina three and four. Okay. No close proper in the base of the posterior gray column and medial part of the intermediate gray column here in the C8 to L3 segments. CH to L three segments. There is cl no
11:18 or no torus or no close dorsalis from C8 to L3 segments. Okay. This is no close tous or no close dorsalis. Here is no close tous or no close dorsalis. Clark's no close in the head of the anterior gray column. There are three There are three cell groups. Medial cell group.
12:04 Medial cell group extends in whole length of the spinal cord. In the whole length of the spinal cord. Okay. extends in the whole length of the spinal cord and is related to the inervation of axial muscles. Axial skeletal muscles. Axial skeleton muscles on the head of the anterior gray column. There is a lateral group lateral group in the cervical
12:50 enlargement and lumbar enlargement. This is related to the inervation of upper limbs and lower limbs. Okay. In the C4 to T1 segments and in the L1 to S3 segments there is lateral cell group and between them there is central group central group that this central group this central group in the C3 C4 and C5 C3 to C5 makes frenic
13:39 >> nucleus in the S2 makes unoff in the C1 to C5 makes spinal No close of the accessory nerve. Okay. Is our central group
15:36 in the T1 to L2 T1 to L2 segments. In the intermediate gray column there is an elevation that is called lateral horn. Lateral horn. In the intermediate gray column there are two there are two nuclei intermediial and intermedi lateral nuclei intermediial and intermedial
16:22 lateral nuclei. Okay. Intermedial lateral nucloes is located in the T1 to L2 segments and makes makes lateral hole. You know that from anterior gray column motor nerves emerge from here.
17:09 This fibers makes make anterior root or ventral root or vententral root or motor root or >> anterior root. Yeah. From antrolateral circus these fibers emerge. Posterior root. Posterior root or sensory root
17:57 has one gangalion that this gangalion this gangalion is called DRG dorsal root gangalion. DR G or dorsal root Here is DRG. Neurons of the DRG are located precarion of this neurons are located pseudo unipolar neurons are located in the peripheral part of the gangalion.
18:45 As you know, each nerve, each one has one peripheral and one central branches. Is it clear? In the intervertebral formen root or motor root and posterior root or sensory root attached together and make spinal nerve.
19:31 Spinal nerve is motor or sensory. Both of them mix. Okay. This nerve after emerging from the intervertebral forammen divides into two branches. Anterior branch and posterior branch. Anterior branch is larger than posterior branch. Posterior branch goes to the posterior part of the body to the back and anterior branch goes to
20:18 the anterior part of the body. Okay, anterior branch is larger than posterior branch. Neurons of the intermedial lateral nucleus. Neurons of this nucleus are related to the sympathetic system. Sympathetic system and fibers of this neurons. Fibers of this neurons go to the anterior root and then to the anterior
21:03 branch. Okay. These fibers are called the pregangelionic fibers. This are B type. B type. Yeah. These are mileinated but but very narrow
21:52 fibers. These fibers enter into the into the sympathetic gangalia at the same level. For example, you imagine this section is at the level of T4 and this nerve is T4. Yeah. And this is T4 sympathetic gangalion. At the same level in the sympathetic gangalia there are multipolar neurons that these multipolar neurons arranged irregularly. Irregular
22:38 arrangement not similar to the dorsal gangalon that it is regular manner. This is irregular manner. Okay. This fibers, these pre gangulanic fibers enter into the >> gangalion at the same level. Some fibers make sinopsis with the neurons of this gangalion. Some fibers ascends or descend into the inferior or superior gangalia and some fibers after entering to the
23:24 gangalion goes out and make splanknic nerves. For example, if you remember I told you greater splanknic nerve is formed by the Fifth, 6th, 7, 8, and 9. Sympathetic gangalia. Do you remember lesser >> splankning 10 and 12? Leanging 10 and 11. Leanging >> 12. Yeah. These fibers without sinopsis in the gangelia go to the
24:10 peripheral gangelia such as celia gangalion or art or renal gangalion. Okay, there isn't any signups here. Open the window. Open. It's open window. Open window. Window, please.
25:06 Okay. Some pre gangalionic fibers enter into the same number gangalion. Some of them go descend or ascend to the superior or inferior gangalia and makes sympathetic chain. And some of them goes outside and go to the to the peripheral gangalia such as
25:53 celiac celiac gangalion or articular gangalion. Is it clear? These are splankic nerves. Fibers of neurons in the sympathetic gangalon are bare without myelin. These are bear without myelin and enter into the anterior branch of the spinal nerve. Okay, this is mileinated
26:40 small fibers or pre gangulionic fibers and these are >> unmalinated cypes fibers that are called post gangalionic fibers. Neurotransmitter of pre gangalionic fibers in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is same acetylcholine. Okay. In the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems neurotransmitter of pre gangalionic fibers is
27:26 acetyloline. In the parasympathetic system post gangalionic fibers have acetylcholine release acetyloline. But in the post gangalionic fibers of the sympathetic trunk, sympathetic system there is norep norepinephrine or nor adrenaline. Nor adrenaline or norepinephrine. Is it clear? Okay. The difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is in the neurotransmitter of post gangularic fibers. Is it clear?
28:11 >> I told you yesterday. Uh remember me about what? >> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. >> Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Please remember me. >> Okay. I told you in the spinal nerve there is anterior root or motor root and posterior root or sensory root. In the sensory root there is dur dorsal root gangalion or DRG and central fibers of the DRG. Central part of DRG fibers
29:00 make three three courses. Some of them after entering into the spinal cord via postrolateral sulcus enter into the post posterior gray column on the same level. For example, this is T4. Here is T4 at the level of T4. Okay. Some fibers after entering into the spinal cord descend or ascend one or two segments and then enter into
29:46 the posterior gray column. For example, if this is T4, this fibers goes to the this fiber goes to the T5, T6, T3 T2. And between apex of the between apex of the posterior gray column and postrolateral circus here there is a tract >> that these fibers ascend or descend. This tract is called lisair's tract or dorsolateral tract.
30:33 Lisire tract or dorsolateral tract. Okay. Another type of fibers after entering into the postateral sulcus and spinal cord without entering into the gray matter. ascend to the medala of llangata. Okay. Without entering into the gray matter, ascend into the medala ablangata.
31:20 Is it clear? Yeah. Do you have any question? Who can explain? What is astroite?
32:08 Who can explain what is astroite? So inhibits the regeneration of the accent by giosis. >> Giliosis. Yeah. >> Protolasmic. Protoplasmic is located in the >> no protolasmic in the gray matter. >> And fibrillar >> in the white matter. Okay. If you remember, I told you each astroytes
32:53 has one vascular feet that attach to the continuous capillaries of the nervous tissue. Yeah. Yeah. I told you this muscular fit and continuous capillaries make blood brain barrier. Blood brain barrier. Blood bar blood brain barrier is a barrier for entering some materials, some drugs, some chemicals into the brain via the blood or into the
33:41 blood via brain. Okay, this is a limitation for exchanging for transporting the materials. It's called blood brain >> barrier. Is it clear? Okay. Yesterday I told you about norial cells in the CNS. I told you there are four types. Astroytes, oligodendroytes, >> microgia and epondimal cells. I told you microgia
34:32 when is inactive it has many processes. when becomes active becomes round similar to the macrofase. Do you remember? >> But there are two types of microglia in the nervous tissue. Two types of microgia in the nervous tissue. M1 and M2. M1 is protective.
35:19 M1 is protective and M_sub_2 is destroying, damaging. Okay. M1 inhibits neuroinflammation but M2 promotes neuro inflammation. Okay. There is also the >> another thing that I forgot yesterday.
36:05 I told you about intermediate filaments. I told you in the cytokeleton there are three structures micro filaments or acting filaments with 6 nanometer diameter. Yeah. Microtubles with 24 nanometer diameter and intermediate filaments with 10 to 12 nanometer diameter. I told you in the muscular cells intermediate filament is desmine. In the connective tissue cells such as fibroblast intermediate filament is vmentine. In
36:52 the epithelial cells intermediate filament is tonofilamon and cto croine. In the neurons intermediate filament is neuropilament and in the astroytes intermediate filament is called GFAP. Gile fibrillary acidic protein. Okay. GFAP gial fibrillary acidic protein. is intermediate protein of the intermediate filament of the astroytes. Okay. Thank you.
37:39 You have any question? No. Okay. I told you on each side of the spinal cord white matter has three ficulus three ficuli posterior ficulus or dorsal ficulus lateral ficulus and anterior ficulus. In the posterior ficulus or dorsal finiculus, in the all cervical segments and upper
38:27 thoracic segments there is a sulcus that is called posterior intermediate sulcus. And from this posterior intermediate sucus a septum enters into the posterior finiculus that is called posterior intermediate septum. In the dorsal finiculus of the spinal cord there are two main ascending faciculus. Okay. two main ascending faciculi. This faciciculus is faciculus
39:13 faciculus graculus and this faciculus is faciculus konatus. Okay. Faciculous grassis conveys discriminative touch or fine touch impulses and vibration. Okay. discriminative touch or fine touch and
40:00 vibration of the lower limb and lower part of the trunk. Okay. Vaciculus graasilis conveys impulses about discriminative touch and vibration of lower limb and lower part of the throat. And fasiculous conatus conveys impulses from discriminative touch or fine touch and vibration and properception. Properioception of the upper limb and upper part of the trunk.
40:46 Okay. from T6 to the coxial segment there isn't vasiculus conatus vasiculus conatus begins at the level of T6 okay at the level of T6 this ascending fiber fibers are related to the discriminative touch and vibration and properception. Okay.
41:35 These fibers in the faciculus graasilus and faciculus colatus ascend in the dorsal finiculus without entering into the gray matter of the spinal cord and ascend to the medala ablangata to the nolo gracilis and no close conatus. Where is location of the nolo grasses in the medal of llangata? Where is location of the nolo konatus in the medala? >> Okay.
42:28 In addition to main ascend ascending fibers in the dorsal finiculus. There are many descending fibers. There are many descending fibers in the dorsal finiculus or dorsal columns in the upper part of the spinal cord. These descending fibers, these descending fibers are located in the intermediate posterior intermediate septum similar to a comma.
43:14 These descending fibers make a faciculus that is called faciciculus. Faciculus inter facicicularis faciciculus interfacicularis okay this is facasiculus interfacicularis inferior to the T6 that there isn't two asigulous grasses and konatus These descending fibers are located near to the posterior median septum here. And these fibers make faciculus
44:02 septto marginalisto marginalist. Is it clear? On the lateral finiculus, in the lateral ficulus, there are many ascending fibers and many descending fibers.
44:52 Noral tracks. Noral tracks have name based on the origin and destination of the tract. For example, when I tell you spino cerebellar, it means origin of the this tract is spinal cord and destination area is cerebellum. If I tell you a spinal talamic origin is >> spinal cord and destination is talamus.
45:40 If I tell you cortical spine now origin of this tract is >> cerebral cortex and destination area is >> spinal cord cortico nuclear rubropppinal tetospinal okay it shows what's the origin and destination part of the tract. Is it clear? On the lateral finiculus, on the lateral finiculus, there is two there are two ascending tracks on the peripheral part
46:29 of the lateral finiculus. posterior or dorsal spinal cerebellar tract and anterior or ventral spinal cerebellar tract. Posterior spinal cerebellar and anterior spinal cerebellar. Beginning of the posterior spinal cerebellar tract is from The clark nucleus is from the clark no close. This fibers without crossing enter into the
47:17 dorsal or posterior spinal cerebellar tract and ascend to the inferior cerebellar podunkcle and to the cerebellum. Okay. But I told you Clark's no close or no close to is at the level of C8 to L3. Okay. Inferior to the L3 segment. These fibers, this properioepceptive fibers of the lower limb ascends, ascend by a paciculus gracilis. Paciculus gracelis.
48:07 Anterior spinal cerebellar tract. Anterior spinal cerebellar tract has two decassations. One decision in the one decation in the spinal cord in the spinal cord and second decation in the cerebellum. These fibers ascend and go to the brain stem and via superior cerebellar pedal
48:53 enter into the cerebellum and make decation in the cerebellum. There are two decassations in the anterior spinal cerebellar tract. Is it clear? Posterior spinal cerebellar tract doesn't have any crossing. But anterior spinal cerebellar tract have two crossing two decations. Is it clear? Yeah. If I ask you which tract in the lateral finiculus has
49:40 two crossing, you answer me. Anterior spinal cerebellar tract which tract in the lateral finiculus doesn't have any crossing >> posterior spinal cerebellar tract. Okay. Is it clear? In the lateral finiculus, in addition to posterior and anterior spinal cerebellar tracts, near to the head of the anterior gray column, there is
50:27 There is a tract that is called >> lateral spinoalamic tract. Lateral spinoalamic tract. Lateral spinoalamic tract is related to the pain and temperature. Okay, I told you posterior or dorsal columns or facicus grassis and conatus are related to the >> discriminative touch and vibration and properception. Yeah, posterior and anterior spinal cerebella
51:15 tracts are related to the properception of the lower limb. Properception of the lower limb and lateral spotamic tract is related to the pain and temperature. This track begins from the lamina 2 or lamina one and two of the opposite posterior gray column. After decation after crossing these fibers ascend into the lateral spinotalamic tract.
52:02 These fibers ascend and go to the VPL nucleus of the talamus. Ventral postolateral nucleus of the talamus. This is for pain and temperature. Near to the lateral spinalic tract there is another tract that this tract is related to the light touch. This is anterior spinoalamic tract. Anterior spinoalamic tract as the position similar to the lateral spinoalamic tract and desend ascend here.
52:51 What's the difference between light touch and discriminative touch? What's difference between discriminative touch and light touch? No. No. Stay here. Okay, stay here.
53:39 See this pen? Okay. I will touch him. Okay. Which structure touch you? >> Is it correct? >> No. My finger told me. >> Yeah. This touch is the light touch. He doesn't know this is my hand or my pen. There isn't any difference between them. This is light touch. But in the discriminative touch,
54:27 you touch this this coat. Touch. What's the texture of this? >> Texture. >> You mean the texture? >> Yeah. >> Rough. Silk. Okay. >> No silk. >> What? Not silk. >> Like a leather. >> Leather. Okay. You don't know what's the leather. Is it leather? >> Maybe like a letter.
55:18 >> Okay. In the discriminative touch you know what's this texture but in the light touch maybe in the street one thing touch your hand you don't know what's this this is a coat of other people or for example bag or tablet or another things okay this is light Touch. Discriminative touch ascends in the facicus grass and conotes posterior or dorsal column. But light touch ascends in the anterior spinalic tract.
56:07 Anterior spinoamic tract is located in the anterior ficulus. On the lateral finicclus in addition to posterior spinal cerebellar, anterior spinal cerebellar and lateral spinal there are two descending tracts. One descending tract is lateral cortigospinal tract. lateral cortigospinal tract and another one is rubro spinal tract. Lateral cortical spinal tract and rub spinal tract.
56:56 Cortical spinal tract originate from the cortex motor cortex. and descend into the midbrain homes and medala oblangata and in the inferior part of the medala oblangata 75 to 80% of these fibers make crossing and go to the opposite side. These fibers are related to the left cerebral cortex. But here these are in the right side of the spinal cord. Okay. 20 or 25%
57:44 of these fibers don't have crossing in the medal oblangata and make anterior cortical spinal tract. You see here these fibers are anterior and lateral cortical spinal tracts. Rubro spinal tract originates from the red nose of the midbrain. After crossing in the midbrain these fibers descend into the lateral folliculus. The function of cortigospinal and rub spinal tracts are same function of
58:30 corticospinal tract and rub spinal tract is contraction of the flexor muscles and inhibition of the extensor muscles. contraction of the flexor muscles and inhibition of the extensor muscles. Is it clear? Okay. In the anterior finiculus, in addition to the anterior spinal and anterior cortical spinal tracts, there is a descending track that is called tetospinal tract.
59:16 Teto spinal tract begins at the superior caliculus of the midbrain and after the cation descend into the anterior finiculus of the spinal cord and the anterior partial part of the here part or peripheral part of the anterior folliculus. There is a vestibular spinal tract. Vestibular spinal tract. Okay.
1:00:02 Vestibular spinal tract originates from lateral vestibular nucleus. There are four vestibular nuclei. I will tell you four vestibular nuclei. Okay. Lateral vestibular nucleus diet nucleus without any crossing these fibers enter into the anterior ficulus. The function of vestibular spinal tract is opposite to the cortical spinal and rubro spinal tracts. When I'm falling, I contract extensor muscles. Yeah.
1:00:51 >> Is it clear? >> Vestibular spinal tract is opposite to the function of vestibular spinal tract is opposite to the >> cortical no not lateral anterior and lateral both of them cortical spinal tract and rub spinal tract. Is it clear? Okay. What's this? This >> Lisar tract or dorsal lateral tract for
1:01:37 ascending or descending of some dorsal root fibers. Here is cross-section from the cervical enlargement. You see here spinal cord is very wide, very large and gray matter is very large. In the thoracic region, gray matter is very small but there are lateral horns in the lumbar enlargement. Gray matter is larger than thoracic area.
1:02:24 I told you lamina one is postra marginarinal lamina in the aex lamina 2 is substantial gelatinosa rolandi lamina three and four makes no close proper in the lamina seven there are intermedial medial and intermedial lateral nuclei and in the base of the posterior gray column and posterior part of The intermediate gray column there is Clark's noclose or no close dorsalis and in the anterior part or head of the anterior gray column there are three main cell groups medial lateral and
1:03:10 central. You see here this is faciculus here is faciculus. Faciculus >> gracilis for lower limb and lower part of the trunk. Here is >> fasiculus conus for upper limb and upper part of the trunk. What's the name of this? faciculus interfacicularis descending fibers from noclose graas or noclose conatus to the spinal cord or from upper segments of the spinal cord to the lower segments and this this is >> vasiculus septto marginalis what's the
1:03:55 name of this >> dorsal spinal cerebellar tract here >> ventral or anterior spinal cerebellar tract and is lateral spinoamic. Here is anterior spinoalamic. What's this? >> Lateral lateral cortical spinal. Here anterior cortical spinal rub spinal teal and vestibular spinal tracts. Yeah. What's the name of this?
1:04:47 dorsol lateral tract. Dorsol lateral tract or lis tract. Yeah. What's the name of this? >> Gracias. Hiculus gracis. And this Vaciculus conatus. This is posterior spinal cerebellar tract. Here is anterior spinal cerebellar tract. Lateral spinalic tract, lateral cortical spinal and rubal spinal tracts. Okay. On the lateral finiculus and the anterior finiculus there is anterior spinal talamic
1:05:34 vestibular spinal tract, anterior spinal cortical spinal and tetospinal tract. Okay. What's the name of this? >> Lisire's tract. Lisire's tract or dorsolateral tract. This Faciculus >> garis for lower limb and lower part of the trunk. >> This faciciculus conatus for upper limb and upper part of the trunk. This >> posterior spinal cerebellar tract
1:06:20 >> anterior spinal cerebellar tract. In the posterior spinal spinal cerebellar tract there isn't any decisionation any crossing. In the anterior spinal cerebellar tract there are two crossing. What's this? Lateral spinoalamic tract for pain and temperature. >> Lateral cortical spinal tract. Rub spinal tract. What's the function of cort cortical spinal and rub spinal tract? >> Contraction of flexors, inhibition of extensors,
1:07:05 >> anterior spinalic tract, vestibular spinal tract. What's the function of vestibular spinal tract? contraction of extensor muscles and inhibition of flexor muscles. >> What's this? >> Anterior cortical spinal tract. And this >> teto spinal tract. This is summarize of this roots. change this. I don't know why
1:07:59 in this picture. In this picture you see In this picture you see the direct relationship between cerebral cortex and the spinal cord viacortico spinal tract. This is direct relationship, direct regulation. And there are many nuclei such as red nucleus, superior caliculus, reticular
1:08:48 formation. Okay, that this nuclei send impulses to the spinal cord. But this nuclei are controlled by the cerebral cortex. This control of the cerebral cortex on the spinal cord is indirect. Okay. This pathways are called extra pyramidal pathways. Extra pyramidal pathways. I forgot warning. It's normal because when I should tell
1:09:35 about something morning and afternoon, maybe I forgot something morning or afternoon. It's not important because these parts are not related to the exam. I don't forot about exam. Okay. It's not problem. It change all
1:10:22 pictures. This monitor change all pictures. You see here cortical spinal tract. This is coronal radiata and posterior arm of the internal capsule and anterior part of the midbrain bones and medala oblangata. What's this? >> Faciculus gracious. Faciculus conatus. >> Posterior spinal cerebellar track. An
1:11:07 anterior spinal cerebellar tract. Lateral spinal lateral cortical spinal rub spinal. Anterior spinal talamic, vestibular spinal, anterior cortigo spinal and texto spinal. In the hemis section of the spinal cord or brown secart syndrome, there is ipsilateral upper motor neuron syndrome below the level of the legion. Okay. IPSL same side
1:11:52 ipsilateral upper motor neuron syndrome. IPS lateral lower motor neuron syndrome at the level of leision. IPSL loss of discriminative touch and conscious properception below the level of leisure. Because posterior white column lesion there is dorsal column lesion and contraateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of leision. Okay. pain and temperature
1:12:40 contrateral but motor function and discriminative touch ipsilateral. Okay. in the head section of the spinal cord. Bronse secar syndrome. Singleia is another legion of the spinal cord in the central canal of the spinal cord. And this lesion the strings be enlarge and destroy some things near to the central canal.
1:13:26 Gradually extend to the peripheral part of the cord spinal cord. Initial septum is bilateral loss of pain. Bilateral loss of pain. And according to the extension of this settings or this cavity, there are many functions, many dysfunctions in the spinal cord. This is Seringo Melia. Okay. Safe. Come here.
1:14:12 Come here. Faster. Faster. Come here. What's number one? >> I wasn't paying attention. >> Why? >> Number one. Faciculus Graculus. Number one is >> faciculus
1:14:57 >> gracilus. Number two you. >> Yeah. >> Faciculus. >> Konatus. Faciculus. Konatus. Yes. Faciculus. Konatus. Number three. Yeah. Posterior spinal cerebellar tract. Number four. >> Anterior spinal cerebellar tract. Number five.
1:15:44 >> Lateral spinoalamic tract. Yes. You you you you. Yeah. Yeah. Number six. >> Faculus. >> Six. Number six, >> lateral cortico spinal. Yes, lateral cortico is final.
1:16:30 Number seven. You >> you rub spinal number eight. Number eight. >> Number eight is the spinal >> anterior spinal talamic. Okay. Number nine. You you Vestibulus spinal vestibular spinal tract number 10. You >> anterior or ventral cortical spinal? Yeah. Yeah. Thank you.
