Abdominal examination اللهم صدقة جارية لأبي وامي

Brief Summary

This video provides a comprehensive guide to performing an abdominal examination, covering essential steps from initial observation to specific palpation techniques for organs like the liver, spleen, and kidneys. It emphasises patient comfort, proper hand techniques, and key observations to identify potential abnormalities such as tenderness, masses, and ascites.

  • Initial steps involve hand washing and patient introduction.
  • Examination proceeds from general inspection to palpation and percussion.
  • Specific techniques are detailed for assessing the liver, spleen, kidneys, and for detecting ascites.

Initial Steps and General Inspection

The examination begins with hand washing and entering the room. The examiner introduces themselves, explains the procedure to the patient, and asks for consent, ensuring the patient is aware they can stop the examination if they experience discomfort. The examiner then takes two steps back to begin a general inspection.

Hand Examination

The hand examination involves checking for signs like clubbing, leukonychia, palmar erythema, and Dupuytren's contracture. For patients with a history of fistula, inspect for needle marks, palpate for a thrill, and auscultate for a bruit.

Face, Neck and Chest Examination

The examination proceeds from above, starting with the face, looking for jaundice and temporal wasting. The mouth is inspected for ulcers, and the lower lip is pulled down to check for anaemia. The neck is examined for raised JVP. The chest is inspected for spider naevi and loss of axillary hair.

Chest Expansion and Vocal Fremitus

The examiner assesses chest expansion and listens for vocal fremitus. The patient is asked to take deep breaths and cough to assess the lungs.

Abdominal Examination: Initial Observation and Superficial Palpation

The abdominal examination begins with the patient lying flat. The examiner sits at the same level as the abdomen for observation, asking if there's any pain or discomfort. Superficial palpation is performed while observing the patient's face for signs of tenderness or masses.

Deep Palpation of the Liver

Deep palpation of the liver starts from the side, using an oblique hand position. The patient is asked to take deep breaths to help bring the liver into contact with the hand. The examiner notes the liver's size, surface, and tenderness. Percussion is used to define the upper and lower borders of the liver. The normal liver span is between 8-12cm.

Palpation of the Left Lobe of the Liver and Spleen

If a mass is felt during superficial palpation, the examiner proceeds to palpate the left lobe of the liver. For spleen palpation, the examiner uses an oblique hand position and asks the patient to take deep breaths. If the spleen isn't palpable, the patient is turned to the right side to aid palpation.

Palpation of Polycystic Kidneys

For polycystic kidney palpation, the examiner uses an oblique hand position and asks the patient to take deep breaths. The examiner's eyes should be on the patient's face to observe any signs of discomfort.

Assessment for Ascites

The abdomen is percussed to identify areas of dullness and resonance. Shifting dullness is assessed by percussing from above downwards and then shifting the patient to the side and repeating the percussion.

Auscultation and Lymph Node Examination

Auscultation is performed in fixed areas to listen for bruits or abnormal noises. The patient is then asked to sit forward to check for lymph nodes, including anterior, posterior, supraclavicular and axillary nodes.

Liver Span Measurement

The normal liver span is measured by percussion and should be between 8 to 12 centimetres. A liver span less than 8 centimetres or more than 12 centimetres may indicate abnormality.

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Transcript

Full transcript of “Abdominal examination اللهم صدقة جارية لأبي وامي”. Click a timestamp to open the video at that moment. Need another video? Use the YouTube transcript generator.

0:09 step from outside once you got inside the room you are going to 2W the various W is wash your hand the second W go to the world in the world if they set you the patient having hypertension examinants abdomen that means this is polycystic kidney hypertension is not coming most likely reduce this maneuver of polynomial two or three times do not miss the masses the second things if the patient complain of fatigue let me except I mean that most likely you are dealing with a chronic hemolytic a meme is that clear then after that I will come to the applications come with me hello good morning my name is I would like to examine you during my examination if you

0:56 feel any no discomfort please let me know is that okay it's better to put this on one side then I will come back two steps away from divisions foreign [Music] if there is any element of clothing I will do like this to look for the window then after like this for Liu KU media then I will take the ball for Balmer hearing Seema then I will do my hand like this for Double Tree and come to reactions that means I have two enough or two involved two emails yes [Music]

2:09 from this side to pick up any any fistula if there is any history you have to do three instead step one to look for an inspection for any needle marks step two to put your draw some of the hand on it to pick up he really step Siri to put your business scope on it to pick up book ruin places to pick up is that clear yes then here I finish the hands I will come back to examine the patient from Above Down focus with me here and face the face the neck the chest the abdomen the lower that face no need to bring the face of

2:54 the patients focus with me here the face in the form of jaundice and then the mouse then within the same level of the face to pick out wasting of the temporalism in love then the mouse open your mouth look for Animals also and I will ask the patient to do like this to pull his lower lips down to look for him again given however delay then I will look to the left for any race jvb then after that I will come to the chest to the chest focus with me here I will look for what for any this by the nearby for any loss of auxiliary hair focuses me here

3:40 three in the chest then foreign

4:40 Focus here take deep breath for any uh bombing then can you give me a tough for any hair is that great we perform the end of the bed all right after I finish the hand what is my journey huh Mouse photo Mouse foreign

5:27 once you come to the abdomen you have three sittings the fair is sitting executes me can I make the bed then I will make the Big Flats you were in position this is a very sitting to sit a bit the Second City to sit on the same level of the abdomen of the patient the same sitting is to Observation do you have anywhere no in case that if you feel anything let me know I'm going to feel your tummy if you feel anything let me know then I will use the beneficial like this superficial not like this like this

6:16 is then after I finish the superfish I will come while my eyes on the eye of the vision focus with me here I will do superficial while in my eyes on the eye of the patient because in supervision I'm looking forward to for tenderness and mass and the ten minutes tenderness I will see it on the eyes on the face of the Visionary notice you do his superficial vibration while your eyes not on the eye of the vision they remind us take care from this three cities if you minus any one of these cities they will seek it for you in the people seek them with blood no abdomen done while the nation in 245 degree number two is to have to be on the same living Force

7:01 where teaching salvation only number three is to sit your eyes on the eye of the basement then I will come back to the Deep it's better to come from the side don't bring the face of the patience the the impalvation I have the right Loop of the liver and the left lobe of the liver the rice things is to come later don't bring your fingers towards or to reach the umbilicus no wrong come from this area laterally while your eye your hand should be in oblique not like this not like this it is not like this this is wrong it's not like this this is wrong it is oblique like this nervous deep Breeze

7:47 depressed like this focus with me I will breast while his abdomen is relaxed relax I while the abdomen is relax I will put my hand down then I will answer better take deep breath by taking the breeze he will push the diaphragm down to bring to me the liver in my hand here while I'm waiting for the mass here you got me now enough relax relax don't don't relax I will press while his abdominal relaxed position then I will ask him to take deeper his nervous by while he is taking deep breath he will push the mass down to me to touch

8:33 it as soon as I touch it here as example I will take around three finger below the question then I will come to bring the upper margin of the liver from Up resonance resonance resonance here it become what Dal then I will ask him take the priests keep it resonance make it normal it becomes I am in the upper border of the liver from here till the coastal margin here around four finger from here around three finger am I right that means the liver

9:19 is born is seven finger that means there is smooth in surface are not tender sudden sudden sudden smooth dull not tender smoothies to make sure this is the liver and keep it make it down

10:05 does that mean I am in the upper border of what of the river so as to not miss this point I will calculate from the angle of Lewis this is the second intercostal third intercostal force and this is the fifth intercostal space that means this upper border of the liver in the fifth intercostal space then I will come back from down resonance resonant resonance then I will calculate from this area to this area delivery smart around as example six centimeter then I will say to the examiner I could not bulbate the liver the liver is one is six cents is that clear focus with me here now for what I

10:50 finished the Dilemma of the of the liver imagine that I felt in superficial foundations I felt the left Loop of the liver come here before if you remember in The Superficial I felt there is mass here you felt it imagine that what you will do you will finish the right Loop of the liver by this maneuver you finish it then I will come to the left Loop of the liver take deep breath take the bridge take the bridge around three finger below the sternum which is smooth in surface yes angle in verification some patients you might get that they have even Sharon can liver with a lot is

11:37 the flu on the river take care from these scenarios in device superficial formation you are going to pick up the left Loop of the liver don't miss it go to come to it when you come to finish the right group of the liver don't forget to but for now what nervous again deep Breeze again deep Breeze I didn't come like this I didn't come like this I came oblique Memphis depressed yes please imagine that I've always been in here I will come back to around four finger

12:23 below the coastal margin a smooth sincere fish a smooth firm noise cannot get above it and even if you go above it there is no ending for it I cannot get above it like holistic kidney then I will work some of it it is dull in verification even you are going to go down for the splinic bed which is 9 10 11 9 10 11 intercostal space mid auxiliary line This is a splinic bed yes one examination of this man he has got the spelino negative

13:09 three finger or fourth finger below the coastal mang in witches it Smooths himself his ball in verification not tender cannot get above it move with it is variation with his spelling notes or if you did not get this meaning not said don't bring it in your back or I could not get it don't say there is no spellings you are not clear then after that I will come back imagine that you didn't get this feeling till the vision to the right side then come from this side I will support the patient like this then I will ask salvation office again Netflix depressed

13:55 depressed like this but how much is the important things is to put your hand here is that okay don't come from you come from here nervous again please till you catch it when you catch it around three finger below the coast where question is then I will come back to the polycystic kidney polycystic boot here put your hand here don't put it like this sometimes not come from my experience in this field take care from the face of the fish I'll come oblique like this and I will do lies then I the Pharisee if you come like this it's not usually come with me from my experience like these two togethers no to put this face and come back also

14:43 know the very thing to come oblique then is slightly rotations and come down your finger should not be re-reached the umbilicals here then come from down Focus here from down from now my index finger will be in the lower lip of the variation the lower rib of the patient don't reach the vertebral column down if you reach the vertebral column you will not get it like this then why you do it why in my eyes on the eye of the patients focus with me here from that side

15:30 I will do it Focus here why my eyes on the eye of the on the eye of the patients then I use the same hand here I will bring it where here then I'll do it while my the eye on the eye of the fish don't do a lot of me in case that your eyes not on the eye of the patient then after that I will come to the ascites focus with me liver is feeling kidney living is being kidney living spilling kidney living spinning kidney this is the vibration of the abdomen then I will come to the scientist imagine that this patient having a sinus coming here this the water or the fluid will be on the

16:15 flags of the abdomen the center of the abdomen will be what higher am I right or not then I will be cross from Above Down resonant resonance resonance then we will come back resonant resonant here it will become one then I will shift division to that position the water immediately will go away because again it will become what resonant that means this patient having positive shifting baldness that means there is evidence on her side is buried on both of the shifting abundance the if it is not changing that means this is mass or this is muscle or fat or anything that means this is negative 15 dollars the mistake is no need to shift

17:00 divisions in case everything is resonant no need to shift the patients is that okay if it is all done no need to shift the patient okay if there is mass here don't shift yourself to the area where is there is mass shift your your your hands to the area where there is no mass then after that I will bring the hospital station those Temptation I have fixed area that is this side and this side for Brewery or free and artistic noises and right then uh this is the fixed area modified area if there is mass here there is mass here there is mass animals any area

17:46 where there is mass you have to work then after that I will ask the patient to sit forward when he sit forward I will check for the lymph nodes I think the lymph nodes is clear am I right so maintenance too anterior anterior few breakular and kill yourself [Music]

18:38 is one is response between 8 to 12 centimeters less than eight centimeters more than 12 centimeters for examination of this foreign [Music]

19:35 thank you

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