0:15 welcome you all to the final part of the week one video on basics of food and nutrition so far we have been looking at the introduction terminologies definitions classification of foods and what is the food pyramid how a balanced diet has to be prepared how a balanced meal has to be prepared and how what are the different factors that we have to consider while planning a menu and this session is going to be on the various activities on under nutrition malnutrition and how do you correlate between nutrition and health so at this end of the session the student will be able to understand nutrition and health differentiate between malnutrition and over nutrition classify the foods and interpret the functions of the foods
1:03 so when we talk about nutrition and health how important nutrition and health is we have been discussing about the definition of nutrition in the first part of the video where it was informed that nutrition is a science on how a food and a nutrient affect your health, growth and disease. Good nutrition supports your health growth and physical development, cognitive function, immune defense and disease prevention throughout the life cycle. When it comes to nutrients and their role, we have identified the classification of micro and macronutrients and also we have understood the concept of water which is also essential to our body. Each and every nutrient has its own functions that collectively every nutrient has its own functions
1:48 that are collectively important to sustain one's life so why nutrition and health are interconnected way back when we talk about the discovery history and all that so nutrition and nutrients have got a very good role in disease prevention across life cycle to improve the physical and mental health all that will be discussed in this particular video when it comes to diet and chronic this particular video diseases we all know poor diet is a leading risk factor for non -communicable diseases which are nothing but the ncds including cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes obesity and certain types of cancers up to 80 percent of the premature heart disease is preventable through diet and lifestyle
2:38 so if you modify your diet and a bit of lifestyle you will definitely clean your diet and a bit of lifestyle you will definitely be able to prevent about 80 percentage of the premature heart diseases which occurs with most of the middle middle adulthood population how do we understand by the term nutrition across life cycle so across life cycle in the sense starting from the infant or the fetus which is inside the mother's womb how nutrition plays an important role when we talk about nutrition from the pregnancy till how nutrition plays an important role when we talk about elderly or till a person goes for death nutrition plays a very important role so infants require breast milk and iron rich foods whereas an adolescent will require iron calcium and other
3:27 nutrients similarly adults will need a balanced micronutrients an elderly population will need calcium again vitamin d to prevent from osteoporosis and protein also to prevent calcium again vitamin d to prevent from osteoporosis from sarcopenia so we need a variety of nutrients to prevent from disease conditions across the life cycle nutrition and immunity when it comes to nutrition and immunity we all know that vitamins are very important similarly with regard to minerals so these vitamins like a C, D and E along with minerals like selenium, zinc and iron are very much important for immunity and immune function. When these nutrients are
4:17 getting deficient in your body they will impair the body's ability to fight against infections increasing the susceptibility to illness. So when it comes to immunity your body needs to have a proper immunity to prevent from diseases and to fight against infections similarly this particular term i wanted you all to understand that not only with other things even gut health plays a very important role when we talk about nutrition the gut microbium which is nothing but trillions of bacteria which is present in your digestive tract is profoundly influential and the nutrients It's profoundly influential and nutrients like fiber, probiotics and fermented foods like your itli, dokla and all those foods will definitely
5:07 help you to improve your healthy microbiome. That's why we normally say a fermented food or a steamed food will help you to maintain your gut health compared to the junk foods or the foods that we normally consume. It's not going to help you in maintaining your gut health. It is going to affect your gut health. naturally this will in turn maintain your immunity and your metabolism is going to improve when we talk about fermented foods fiber rich foods probiotics like your curd yogurt and all that will help you in improving your gut health and that is going to be obtained from various food items items similarly people think that only physical health is being obtained with
5:57 help of nutrition even mental health is very much important when we talk about nutrition and mental health emerging evidence links diet quality to mental health the mediterranean diet is always associated with reduced depression and anxiety mediterranean diet is nothing but including a lot of fruits and vegetables in your diet and a little bit of carbs that is going and vegetables in your diet and a little bit of to help you in reducing your depression and anxiety omega -3 fatty acids like flaxseed oil or flaxseeds fish oil and fishes all small fishes big fishes everything are coming under the category of omega -3 fatty acids b vitamins and magnesium also play a key role in brain function so if you take all these nutrients in your diet definitely your mental health is going
6:46 to be improved so when we talk about nutrition and health physical health mental health gut health immune immunity and whatnot everything is going to be improvised when you talk when you take adequate nutrient and nutrition to your body so next we move on to malnutrition when a person is not taking enough nutrition to your body we refer to the person as malnourished so there are different terminologies that you should understand when it comes to malnutrition malnutrition refers to imbalance in the intake of nutrients either it leads to undernutrition or overnutrition even undernutrition is not good as well as the overnutrition so these two are have to be understood when we talk about the
7:37 further things detailing in the video it can occur in various forms which is nothing but underweight and overweight both of which have distinct characteristics and health implications you must have seen a child with a severely malnourished category and similarly a child with having a overweight features also so how do we balance that that is called the nutrition balance when it comes to under nutrition under nutrition is a condition where a person is body weight is expected below the average and they may be having a less body weight or
8:22 height according to the age and gender it is often associated with under nutrition when it is very insufficient intake of calorie protein vitamins and minerals are being seen in a child or an individual where under nutrition is the term that is being referred under nutrition can form inadequate can be from inadequate food intake poor dietary diversity and then conditions where you can see there will be a impaired nutrient absorption or utilization these conditions are the ones where you can see under nutrition and if you see under nutrition is a vicious cycle where you can see a person who is under nourished is not
9:08 able to eat adequately and naturally because of not eating adequately they may have infections being set in and that will again lead to the severity of under nutrition so it goes like a vicious cycle as you can see in the picture okay under nutrition and under weights can lead to several okay under nutrition and underweight can lead to several health problems which includes stunting growth standard of growth or growth stunting where you can see a person with the height is being low and they will have weakened immune system and because of immunity low immunity they are susceptible to have more infections there is delayed wound healing there is muscle wasting uh there is muscle wasting and
9:53 hormonal imbalances are also seen in children under nutrition can cause developmental delays cognitive impairments and long -term consequences such as physical and mental health is affected so if you see a person who is undernourished will have these complications like stunted growth immune system is very weak wound healing is delayed muscle wasting is seen and some hormonal imbalances also this particular term is very common and we term it as pem which is nothing but protein energy malnutrition protein deficiency diseases also known as protein energy malnutrition occurs when a person's diet is lacking in adequate protein so protein we all know that it is very important for growth maintaining the growth
10:43 improving the growth repair repairing the tissues maintaining the body tissues as well as synthesis of enzymes and tissues maintaining the body tissues hormones when the body does not have or receive enough protein it leads to a very varied composition of various various health issues the two primary forms of protein deficiencies include quashioca and marasmus these two terminologies are very important when we talk about protein energy malnutrition quashioca is typically occurring in children where you can see that malnutrition quashioca is typically a child is severely deficient of protein and maybe a little bit of sufficient calorie intake is eat but protein deficiency is very severe and you can
11:31 see these things in areas where diet lack diversity and protein rich foods symptoms include edema which is nothing but fluid retention and swelling especially in the abdomen area hair loss is observed skin lesions muscle wasting irritability and stunted growth will be seen with regard to kwashioka this condition will lead to immune system impairment which is weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to infections are also seen next terminology is nothing but marasmus this also occurs in children as well as adults but mostly we can nothing but marasmus this also occurs in see that in children when they are not given enough calorie as well as protein
12:20 this particular condition is observed where you can see a person with marasmus will experience severe weight loss muscle wasting weakness and a shrunken appearance a child with marasmus may suffer from impaired physical and mental development also and mental so if you see the difference between kwashioka and marasmus the picture you can see the first picture you can see a child who is chubby but it is not supposed to be the child is having a pot belly or this abdomen swelling because of protein deficiency and it occurs in children with preschool age and they have a very mild growth rate and they have a very mild growth retardation and you can see the belly protruded there and you can see
13:08 some moon faces in the appearance and they may have enlarged fatty liver and you can see hair is being very sparse and you can also find that the child is very lethargic and you can see that they require adequate amount of protein to correct from this whereas the second big adequate amount of protein to correct from this whereas the second picture as you observe is a marasmic child the child is having very weakened immune system you can see the ribs you can count the ribs over there it is because of low calorie intake the child is really weak and the subcutaneous fat is being uh not seen at all and the abdomen is shrunken unlike the kosher where the abdomen is protruded and
13:54 you can see their their face is not like moon face they look and you can see their face is not like moon face they look like a old man appearance and you can see there is a dry and wrinkled skin over there so these are the differences that you can observe when it comes to quashioca and marasmus under nutrition in one side is very dangerous similarly over nutrition is the factor that we have to concentrate on nowadays people tend to become overweight and obese because of unhealthy food habits and also eat obese because of unhealthy food habits and also eating all junk foods at untimings all that would lead to over nutrition or overweight overweight refers to a condition where a person has an excessive amount of body weight which is primarily due to excess body
14:39 fat and there is an excessive intake of calories which is basically from unhealthy sources such as processed foods high in sugars unhealthy fat and refined carbohydrates basically sedentary lifestyle in sugars unhealthy fat and refined carbohydrates and lack of physical activity always will contribute to over nutrition so you can see the picture over there our person with the overweight and the normal person has their metabolism being affected overweight and nutrition over nutrition has a variety of health issues which is including obesity type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease high blood pressure certain cancers joint problems sleep apnea and psychological concerns such as low self -esteem and depression is
15:29 very common when it comes to overweight and over nutrition these conditions can significantly impact individuals quality of life and overall well -being so you can see how a person's weight being so you can see how a person's weight can lead to these many complications like obesity type 2 dm which is type 2 diabetes cardiovascular diseases they may have joint problems sleep problems psychological concerns like low self -esteem especially when a school boy is having overweight he or she may be bullied by a their own class
