0:46 hello good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good afternoon good Welcome to Daftar Series. We have 3 students left. As promised, we will start from Monday. History. Listen carefully. We completed Political Science, Political Science and then
1:33 we completed Economics. We have 25 lectures and we have completed Political Science and then we completed Economics. Today we are going to start with Ancient History. It is a little boring and we don't understand it. We are going to read this in a very interesting way. If you have read this topic anywhere before, Sindhu, Gati, Savyata, I have already said that I am not known by the people but if you have read this topic from anywhere If you have already studied this class then you will know the difference that Indus Valley Civilization can be studied in this way. And if you have not studied before then you will not need to study after this.
2:19 This is the assurance and whether this assurance is true or not, you will tell me in the comments after the class. Ancient History. The biggest mistake we make is that even subjects like Ancient History, if you go on 100% coverage and say that my question should not be wrong in any of them, then children, there will be a little problem. Either you will read from the student point of view or you will read from the examiner point of view. In the examiner point of view, in Ancient History, if I tell you only 4 chapters, then 80% of those 4 chapters come as questions and 20% of the rest comes as evidence. one of the most important chapter is Indus Valley Civilization in today's class we have done something new in SSC last year on new pattern 23 questions were asked from this chapter
3:07 only but in file you will get 121 questions why is it 121 questions? In the whole country, whether it is a railway exam, whether it is an SSC, NDA, or CDS exam, if any exam has questions from IVC, then we have added it in our file. Okay, children. So, let's start this chapter without wasting any time. Siddhu Ghati Sabyata. Okay. The file of this, the printable, not printable, the handwritten Hindi and English notes of this, you will get them on our telegram, which is pinned. these classes will be beneficial for every exam now you don't have to ask this question again and again whatever exam you get ancient history the question which you will get after this will not be caught by anyone as I have said before ok
3:56 children lets start with Sindhugati culture see this Two names, children, I have a problem with something that we try to remember GS, try to understand it, try to understand it. Two such young people whose name you must have heard many times and who have been glorified a lot that brother, they have done such a good job for India. Like Alexander Cunningham, have you heard or not? Alexander Cunningham and who is the other one? The other one is John Marshall. These two are such big names that you must have heard their name positively till today. Why positively? One is called Father of Archaeological Survey
4:42 of India. What is the father of one? Yes, he is the father of Archaeological Survey of India. What is Archaeology in Hindi? In Hindi, it is called Pura Tattva. So, our institute Pura Tattva, Archaeological Survey of India, is called its father. And this word, this word, industrialist civilization, who coined it? John Marshall. Okay. Kids, listen to me carefully. If you want to If you want to be in the best of all and if you want to be in the best of all then you should have some exclusive content. You should have something exclusive to tell. For example, when you study politics then to keep your words strong in politics you should have the judgment of the
5:31 supreme court. that there should be socialism in our country. But if you say this in the same way that the Keshav Nanda Bharti case, the Supreme Court said in 1973 that there should be socialism in the country. So this matter gained weight. Like in political science, to increase weight, we bring judgment. The same children, when it comes to history, then some historians are like this, whose name should be mentioned here. So if you know the names of some historians, then believe me, your words become stronger. Now what is the problem with us? In ancient history, all the names we have read till now, are all written by the English. to make this thing a little more interesting we will listen to the thing carefully we read about Alexander
6:20 Cunningham and John Marshall but a new name which you have not heard before why don't we read about Nainjot Larry Nainjot Who are these? These are historians. If you want to read anything about the Ashoka empire, if you want to go into any detail, then these are the historians. There are other historians like Amal Ananda Ghosh, like Upendra Singh, like Romila Thapar. So these are the historians. There are people who when we read history, when we name them, then we will know that this child has read it separately, somewhere well. So these Nayanjot Lehri are historians, they have a book, the name of which is marshalling
7:06 the past. The book is called "Marshalling the Past" This book is so important that the two names that you were reading positively till now John Marshall and Alexander Cunningham Nain Jyotleheri tells in his book "Marshalling the Past" that these were the two people who destroyed Indian civilization Who destroyed Sindhugati civilization you might not have heard this negativity before because we read this in school of thought I will try to give a little touch of UPSC to this class because the questions are coming in depth very well. In his book, Marshalling the
7:52 Past, what Nain Jyot Lahiri said is that these two people, who are these two people? These two people are Alexander Cunningham and John Marshall. These two people have been the first to establish Nas peet diya Now why did he beat his nose? Try to understand why did he beat his nose? Try to understand this thing Suppose, I say that something is buried under the earth and we have to dig it. So if we have to dig it, then I will give you four options that what will you dig it with? With a bulldozer, with a fowler, or with a small piece of paper, or with a small thing or
8:38 with a brush, which you can remove slowly. When we take information of the past, the Archaeological Survey of India, whatever you have seen, they have seen the soil removed from the brush like this. Why have they seen? Because children, if something important happened below 1 inch, 2 inches, and if we dug it with a bulldozer or JCB, then it will not be destroyed. So they said here that If we consider that this is an area of 10 feet If this is an area of 10 feet and if the Archaeological Survey of India, if this area of 10 feet, if they have to dig and see what is below,
9:24 then how long will it take to dig this 10 feet area? 7 to 8 hours. But the biggest site of IVC, like you must have heard of Rakhi Gadi. Have you heard of it? This is your so-called father of archaeological survey and John Marshall. How long did this site of Puri take to be dug? In just two hours. Now, the work that you had to do in 4-6 months, you have done it in 6 hours. What does this mean? This means that when something is dug from JCB, from Fawla, and if there are clay pots below, then they will not break. So that
10:10 means they had done a lot of harm to our national heritage. So after today, when you read this topic, then remember that a teacher, Himanshu Som, he had told a name, Nain Jyot Lahari, who is an Indian historian, who has told that he had beaten us. Enough is enough, till today we are only reading them positively, but now it is time for a little reality check. why is he doing this at this time? because in 1921, the feeling of nationalism should not be awakened. In the time of 1921, there was a movement of Gandhi ji. Which one? Non-cooperation movement. Which you also know as Khilafat issue. So around this time, Khilafat issue was
10:58 there. Understand kids, a good student is one who doesn't just collect things, but understands things. In 1921, Khilafat came. Now what was the problem with this Khilafat issue? See, when these Britishers came to India, they tried to show us the lower side. that you are backward, you are this but now we were slowly getting to know that the utensils that they have been using here for the last 200-300 years we got to know from carbon dating that we left these utensils after using them thousands of years ago. The swimming pool on which they were flexing that we have a swimming pool here 300 years ago, 400 years ago, if you still google today but children we have come to know that
11:43 great indian bat mohanjodaro the swimming pool you are flexing at 200-300 years used it 3000 years ago. So, this was increasing the feeling of nationalism in India. Nationalism means when we all feel that we are one. If India wins the World Cup, then we leave caste and religion and celebrate India's victory. That is nationalism. So, the feeling of nationalism, children, the feeling of nationalism, to suppress this feeling of nationalism, This work was done to suppress the feeling of this nation. Yes brother Did
12:29 you understand? So this feeling of nationalism should be well developed and the whole country should be united. If the whole country is united, then there will be no problem. So this new light, this book and this book and I am not saying this. If anything is in any book, if there is any archaeological evidence of anyone, then it means that the chances of this being right are very high. Is it okay, children? So see, How do we always read IVC? That four sites came, remembered four sites like this and became happy. Until we don't catch their roots, we will always find ancient history tough. These two names, which were your names? Alexander Cunningham and John Marshall. We just remembered that he is the father of archaeology and one has given
13:17 this name. For such information, stay connected to us. GS by Himanshu Swam. understand this? so this is our discussion now we will understand one more thing ok kids? see this Harappa civilization is called Indus Valley civilization because of name Harappa kids where it is presently? in Pakistan Indus Valley civilization means river is there, river is there, when we talk about its reference, then we call it Indus Valley Civilization. One more word here is "Aagh Aithihaasik" means "Proto History". What is the meaning of "Proto History"? What is history, children? See, in history, Prehistory, Prohistory
14:03 and History. What is prehistory? Prehistory is when we don't have any written record. Like in the ancient times, in the Paleolithic age, what happened then is not written anywhere. What is prohistory? It is written. But we do not know what is written in the book. History tells us that when we have complete evidence, we can have two types of sources of evidence. One is literary and the other is archaeological. will come under prohistory so if someone asks you what will come under prehistory
14:50 then you should know that Under you will be Paleolithic Age, Mesolithic Age and Neolithic Age. I hope you have read this. But I have started it with IVC. Because if I had started it from here, then this lecture could have been boring. Understood? So look, the Hadappa civilization is related to the Age of Aga-History. This is the Kasiya Yugiya civilization. Kasiya means Bronze Age. Let's understand it. What is Cassia? Cassia means Bronze. This Indus Valley civilization is also called Bronze Age civilization. Because the metal used here
15:37 was Cassia. Now see what is interesting. that bronze is a mixture of metals. What is bronze? It is a mixture of metals. What does mixture of metals mean? These two, in English, it is called alloy. Alloy means that these two or more than two metals are made of metals. So, from where did this bronze come? It is not something to be taken, it is something to be understood. Let's see. The techniques of this, At the time of IVC, there was an age called Charcoalithic age. Remember that Charcoalithic age was used from C to Charcoalithic and Copper from C
16:26 to Charcoalithic. C is for charcoal and C is for copper. Is it okay, Kepal? So if copper was being used, then where did bronze come from? Let's understand. Let's understand that in Afghanistan, what is coming to us from here? From here, Afghanistan is coming to us, children, tin. And below, this is Rajasthan. From here, we will remember that what is coming to us from Rajasthan? From Rajasthan, we are getting copper. So, the bronze is the material
17:12 of the copper and tin. That is why we call it Bronze Age Gold. Civilization. Is this clear? We don't have to understand anything. We have to study with interest. So that we can find history interesting. How will it be interesting? This is it. Okay? Okay, is this clear? Why is it called Bronze Age? Because bronze is a metal which is made of two or more than two. Which are they? One is tin and the other is copper. Okay? These two are made of it. Okay, guys? Next. Now see from where does the examiner ask the question? see what can happen according to the changing pattern at this time when our
18:01 civilization came at this time there were three other civilizations that is total there were four although the Egyptian civilization was in a later part but still we read it together ok see this children this is one of the four oldest civilizations of the world ok in which Tigris and Euphrates river between Mesopotamia The civilization of the river Shang-Chi-Ni was Chinese and after that the civilization of the river Nile was Egyptian. Children, the question can come from here. Let's understand this thing. These are the four earliest civilizations. Which of them are Mesopotamian civilization? Mesopotamian civilization. civilization. Where did this come from? Which
18:47 river are these children in? These are Tigris and Euphrates in the river. Such a question will be asked, then you will say that GS always comes with what we have never studied. Because Sindhugati, Sabbeda, on which river? This is known by everyone. But at this time, where is Mesopotamia? Many children do not know. After that, where is the River Shang? This is for Chinese civilization. Okay? And Egypt and the river Nile is on the right side. So, we will remember these four cultures. If you will support me and if you will accept my depth then I will tell you the difference between culture and civilization. Before this, whatever happened, we call it culture. After this, whatever happened,
19:37 we call it culture. So what is in this that we call it civilization. Sir, when will you do stone age? This is not the only thing you have to be careful about. When I said something, I also aligned things according to interest in the polity. If you read this in the beginning itself, then you will not get interest in the ancient. Be a good student and just read what is being taught. you will be doing it to the limit means you will copy paste copy paste copy paste you will not come and study and see what is a person studying what effort is he putting in just one thing one thing one thing yes ok so see this sources what to say about sutras children what kind of sources can
20:25 be sources can either be archaeological ok or children can be numismatic what they say i will explain also or children can be literary or literary. Literary means, or it can be written in literature that something is written in the book. What is archaeological? That if we get any stone of that time, if we get any bone of that time, means if we get bones, right? Or if we get any residual of that time, then we call it archaeological. And what is numismatic, children? Numismatic came later because till this time, no coin numismatic means when we read coins or coins what do we call it?
21:11 numismatic now listen to me carefully understand the script of IVC if someone ask you what is the script? remember the script is pictographic What is pictographic? Now what is pictographic? Suppose I don't bring anything by writing it and I teach you only through images. I try to tell you everything according to an image. What do we call that? We call that pictographic script. So what was the script here? It was pictographic. Then if the examiner asks you, is this a decifer? Decifer means what is written on which script? Is this proof that we have found
21:57 out? So we don't have proof of this, children. Is that okay? Examiner has asked this kind of question also that tell what all happens here? If there is pictographic script then which animal is there in it? Examiner will ask that is there elephant or not? Examiner will ask that is there deer or not? Examiner will ask that is there unicorn? Now you will ask that what is a unicorn? Unicorn was a mythical animal at that time. What does mythical animal mean? That half of its body is of an animal and the other half is of a human. So this type of animal was also found here at that time. That is what we call a unicorn or mythical animal. Okay, children. Then the seal we had. Seal means we have
22:44 proof that at this time our business was going on. Our trade was We will also discuss about the animals that are printed on the seal. Is it okay, kids? There is no horse. This is the mistake you will make. And that is why you need Himanshu Soma. If the examiner tells you that in the Archaeological Survey of India, have you seen a temple anywhere? Then remember that there is no temple. And if I am the examiner, like this boy has just made a mistake, that if the examiner says horse then remember kids there is no evidence of horse did you understand? there is no evidence of horse unicorn is a different thing ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok?
23:45 ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok? ok Whenever we read something, we know what we read in it. When we read Indus Valley Civilization, we read three things in it. What? First, Origin. from where did they come from? Second, we read about features, that means what were the things in Indus Valley Civilization? Hindi medium children, don't worry, I will explain you in Hindi and further these things are written in Hindi and English. Please don't tie me in the language barrier. I should not feel that if they are Hindi medium students then they should not be told this thing. Okay. Just keep on reading. Rest of the things will make sense on their own. Okay. Origin, features and
24:34 then how did they decline? Decline means how did the students disappear? These are the three main things from where the questions of IVC are made. And either from where will it be made? Either from the site. From where will it be made? From the site. Okay. Now look carefully. we don't read such things in SSC that's why it is a little problem to remember if we talk about the origin from where did they come from? where did they come from? where were their features? and where did they disappear? ok about this, see Your language will tell you that you have studied from WhatsApp University, from a good master, from a good book or from a good master. Now if we talk about the origin, then you have to put
25:21 school of thought in the origin. school of thought school of thought school of thought school of thought school of thought school of thought school of thought school of thought Which school of thought is this? This is your British school of thought. Kids, you have to study something exclusive. Did you understand the point? Look at this. What does school of thought mean? What do Britishers think about us? Where did this great culture
26:09 come from? What do Britishers think about this? POV means point of view. This is what we call Cambridge school. what is it called? Cambridge School In today's class, we will first treat the English people We are reading them very positively that they came to India and did this, they came to India and did whatever they did for their personal interest never for the people of India, okay? we will understand this what is Cambridge School of Thought? Okay, kids, what I am teaching you, you pick up the notes and see, I myself say that now four people don't know me, but you pick up any content and see what these things are. Because if our roots are not strong and if we start looking for the If we kill Ratta, then
26:56 what does it mean? We should know things about IVC or not? Understand this. School of thought means point of view. What did the Britishers think about us? That where did this strong civilization come from? These whites have a disease. Remember, these whites have a disease. Do you know what we know this disease by? We know this disease by the name of White People's Supremacy. They feel that if anything in the world is very strong, then it must have come with some white. They don't understand how such a good culture can flourish in India. So, from the British point of view, what did the Cambridge school say to our culture? That your culture is copied. How is it? It is copied. It is easy
27:47 to say anything is copied, but to match that thing is very difficult. So, they said that it is copied. How did they say that it is copied? That Indian culture He said that this Sindhu Ghat culture is completely copied from another culture Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia. He copied it from there. Now when they were asked for proof that what proof do you have that it is copied. So see what proof did they give. They gave proof that the bricks bricks are being used in Mesopotamia and India too. Then when I asked
28:33 them, they said that there are no pillars. What do you call pillars in Hindi? Thumblay. They said that just like the pillars are there, the same pillars are here. He gave a very strong statement that he is a copyed. Now if he is a copyed, then should we answer him or not? He was answered by a Indian historian Amal Ananda Ghosh. Amal Ananda Ghosh said this in a very angry way that "You fools, when you call us a copy, don't you know
29:23 that the Eid in Mesopotamia is called as Eid of the year of the year. The bricks in the Potamia are sun dried. Sun dried means they are dry in the sun. But if you were doing research, the bricks in India are of bhatta. Now tell me which is the strongest brick? It is cooked in fire or in the sun? It is obvious, children. It is cooked in fire. Then see what he said. He gave
30:09 such a beautiful statement. He said, you fool. the pillars in mesopotamia are round but in our country they are round shaped and they have other shapes like rectangular shape I had just told you that the IVC of India comes in the proto-history. What does proto-history mean? The evidence we have got from here, the things we have got written, we have not yet come to know what those things are. We have not yet been
30:55 able to find out. So the IVC script was undecifer. Decifer means we got to know. And undecifer means we did not get to know. This script of Mesopotamia is decifered. Decifered means that we know what is written on which stamp. Amal Ananda Ghosh said, "If you have told us the copy, even if it has been 2500 years, no one has ever found out what is written on our script." And the strongest thing, Amal Ananda Ghosh of India said, Our Sindhu Gati civilization was formed here, it was established here and it ended here. So when you came and you went, when you came, we were there
31:41 and when you went, we were there. That is, match the time and see. Tell me, is the example good or not? that is not good so since when we have been in lucent and book that john marshall alexander cunningham oh my god father of archaeological survey of india he had destroyed our country understood this thing so amal ananda ghosh gave his answer in this way do you understand the class kids yes brother ok so that means that was our ivc ok now we will read its research now the fun is When we already know things, at that time if we read PPT then we enjoy reading
32:26 it. If you have enjoyed it so far, then increase the chat rate, reach 200, 300, 400 and quickly throw your heart and beat it. Only one thing should be seen in the chat that heart. The way brother has taught politics, the way he has taught economics, it seems that history will go better than that. Quickly throw your heart and beat it. Sir please write in Hindi, I am writing in Hindi and English, you guys focus on the larger objective, why do you apply these small things? Hmm, okay? Very good. Did you see it with your heart? Hmm, okay? Now look at this, in Hindi and English, 2. Excavated
33:13 in 1921. Tell me if you got the same date or not. The one I just told you. 3. Attracted the attention of British traveller. Who was it? Charles Meurson. When did Charles Meurson pay attention to this? In 1826. And when did we excavate this site? In 1921. So, we will keep paying attention to such details. Harappan sites were noticed by Colonel Burns when he went to meet Maharaj Ranjit Singh. When Maharaj Ranjit Singh was going to meet Colonel Burns, he noticed some things of this civilization. Here is your Alexander Cunningham, here is your uncle. The first
33:59 Director General of Archaeological Survey of India. And he is known as Father of Indian Archaeology. He was a site in 1853 and 1857. Puratattu means Archaeology. He is known as the founder of Puratattu. Yes, brother. Okay. In 1856, Harappan ruins were excavated to meet the demand for bricks to lay railway lines. They did not do any work for our good. Why were they digging these sites? Because they needed bricks. For what? To spread railway lines. I have already said that if anyone was working here, then they were not doing
34:45 it in the interest of Indians. Okay, children? Because railway lines were spread from Karachi to Lahore. Did you understand? In 1856, to spread the railway lines between Karachi and Lahore, in order to meet the needs of Eto, the digging of the ruins of Harappa was done. And in that digging, you think, These people, to dig 1-2 inches, they needed 5-6 hours of time, they dug the entire site in 7-8 hours. If they had slowly removed the things, then imagine how many more things we could have found in our civilization. this question is repeated again and again but just by repeating it will not work you must have understood why
35:32 this is happening in 1921 what is the name in 1921? Dayaram Sahani, everyone knows him got the site excavated at Harappa in the Montgomery district of Punjab in 1921 Dayaram Sahani in this district of Punjab which is in Pakistan, in the Ravi river which river? on the banks of the river Ravi, the excavation of the Harappa Namakistan was done did you understand or not? who is in 1922? in 1922, it is Rakhaldas Banerjee who discovered the remains of civilization where? in Mohanjodaro the biggest site, Kalibangal or you know it like this if it is about cities, which were the big cities at that time? Harappa, Mohan Jodaro and one city from
36:19 where trade was done, where there was a dockyard, where there was a monkey house, what was that? It was the Lothal of Gujarat. So in 1922, Rakhil Das Banerjee in Sindh, which is now in Pakistan, in Larkana district, in Mohan Jodaro, he had discovered the secrets of civilization. Okay, so much for the hair. John Marshall used the word Sindhu Ghaati Sabyata Now, what is time period? Time period is not fixed. There is something in any book. But this time period is in
37:06 three phases. Just remember this. When it originated. That is, its early phase. After early, it has a mature phase and after mature, when it declined. If you read it in depth, you will know that this was such a big civilization, where it disappeared in 200-200 years, there are different facts behind it. So you will remember only this. time period is early harappan phase which is considered to be between 3500 to 2600 but what is important in this? from where can we get the question? we will get the question from here examiner may ask in some exam that this site is of early, this is of
37:52 mature and this is of old early means of the beginning In the beginning, what happened? The speciality of this stage is that the construction of the soil, the primary business, art and sculpture etc. were some urban projects. And the important sites are Amri, Kordiji, Sothi, Dheri, Bhairana, Rakhi Gadi, and the one that is made. How are all these sides? This is the early one. It will be like this that slowly slowly slowly you will remember. If you have this hope in one go, you read it once, you focus on it in one go, then it will not happen. It will happen when you practice it again and again. Okay, children? then we have
38:38 Mature, Mature means Paripakv, where is the root of Harappa? see which are these sites, these are your Mohanjodaro, Harappa, Ganeriwala, Chanundro, Dhola Vira, Kali Bangan, Rakhi Gadi, Lothal, Ropad, Banawali and all these sites are Mature and after mature, which is the late stage which is the state of Uttar Harappa which is of Rangpur, Lothal, Alamgirpur, Hulaz and Daimabad you tell me in the comment section which is the state of
39:23 Daimabad this was asked this time yes Alamgirpur, Lothal, Gujarat, Maharashtra such sites are asked Can I do it for NTPC? I had said this in the beginning of the class that whatever exam you get in history, this is sufficient for all. If you go out of this, then you will go out of this, then no one will catch you. Do you understand? See this, Origin of Harappan Civilization. Where did it come from? This is the same thing that I told you just now that the British School of Thought, the Cambridge School, what does he think about it? So, what do the members of the Cambridge School tell us? That where did we do this? We have copied it. Where did we copy it? We have copied it from Mesopotamia. Next, see this. Amal Ananda Ghosh. Did
40:13 you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that? Did you hear that M.F. Rafiq, he believed that the development of the Hadapa civilization was in the area of the Ravi river near Hadapa, due to which this previous belief was disproved that the Hadapa civilization was related to Mesopotamia. These are two or three authors who have taken a hold of these British point of view and have said
41:01 that what you are saying about COPID is absolutely wrong. Extend means the question is asked where was this civilization in the south, where was it in the north, where was it in the west, where was it in the east. Here the question comes. In a normal aspirant and a veteran aspirant, there is only such a difference that the veteran person knows that the question comes from this slide. How does he know? Because he has applied a lot of PYQs. Here the question comes. Examiner, if you say in the statement that that the culture of Harappa was spread till Karnataka what kind of statement is this? what kind of statement is this? is this a wrong statement? if they tell you from any site of Harappa that this is from Tamil Nadu then what kind of statement is this? it can be wrong, okay?
41:50 see this, extend this was in north, where was it? in manda, where was manda? in jammu and kashmir this was in east, where was it? in alamgirpur, alamgirpur means up then this was in Pakistan, where was it in west? in sudkagendor, which is in Pakistan now because Pakistan is now made, civilization is so old so it has been 4 days since juma, it has come out from us And below, in the south, kids, it is not about Karnataka or Tamil Nadu. It is only up to Maharashtra. That is, it is up to Daimabad. From here, kids, the question arises. You write down the boundaries of this. and will remember it. Jammu, Kashmir,
42:35 Maharashtra, UP and Satka Gendor. After this, the early Vedic age came, then later Vedic age came, then people shifted from UP to this side. Which we call Ganga Plains. Settlement happened near Ganga later. Where is it happening now? Now it is happening on Indus. On Indus river. Okay kids, that much. We have seen this extent. In Hindi, in English, all this is written. Okay. Don't worry. Now I will tell you its features This is about climate and geographical region See this, from the location of the settlements, it is known that Harappa, Kalibangan, see which river is on, let's ask such a
43:22 thing, Kalibangan on the Ghaagar river, which is usually connected to the Lupth Saraswati river. Okay, Mohan, Jodaro, Aksh were the centers of this civilization and most of the settlements were located in this area. Now see, now let me tell you some interesting things, let's stop it here. we have clear our origin point from where it has come from now from where the question can be made we will see its features what will you see? features what is the meaning of features? what was the good thing in it? we don't say like this what are the salient features of constitution? fundamental rights, duties, DPSP, like this what were the features of this site? How can you say that this culture was backward? How can
44:13 the English taunt us that you are backward and if we have come here, we have come to increase you. For example, the house here, listen carefully, the house here, how was that house? That house was on grid pattern. Do you know what grid pattern is? If you go to a good colony, you will see that all the houses are the same. There is only one dimension and to go from one lane to another lane, there is lane number 1, lane number 2, lane number 3. There is a main road at 90 degrees. If such houses are made in today's date, then it is understandable. Because now there is a lot of modernization. If it is done at that time too, Even at
44:59 that time, the houses were made like this and the roads were made like this at 90 degrees. And these houses were made like this on a grid pattern. on grid pattern and the location of houses was like sun like sun means that by which sun can go to all houses from sun movement they were behind we are behind ok listen more at this time if you google, see in India, the problem with India in modern Indian history you will read that they used to come and tell us that you are behind this was also not a problem We also believed that we are backward and these white people have come, they will
45:49 modernize us a little bit. Because we never saw light, we never saw roads, we never saw rail, all these people were bringing all these things. But we see it in a larger perspective. Two people came who painted the history of India in brighter colours Who were those two people? They were Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda They came and said, "Will you teach us?" "We are the ones behind you" Swimming pool, the swimming pool which you people flex that we have been here for 200 years, we have been here for 300 years, that swimming pool in Mohanjodaro, that swimming pool in Mohanjodaro, which was called at that time as Great Indian Bath. and it was not a raw swimming pool
46:39 that there is semen water below cemented and its remains are still there today also you can go to this place in Pakistan and see that Great Indian bath was made do you understand the point? today also if you go So, there is a proof in scientific things that if you take out any of the bricks today, and there is a method called carbon dating method, if you know from that, you will know how old this brick is. And it is proven from that that The white people who were telling us that we are so advanced and we have a swimming pool to bathe in, we left that swimming pool thousands of years ago. You will tell us, we are behind. Understand more, as it happens in today's date, whether the class is still there or not, the class means that India is still divided. Rich
47:27 people, poor people, middle class people, is there any way to identify them? There is a way to identify them. go to someone's house and see the dining table of that house how they eat how they live in the society of the house if I tell you that I live on Dehradun's Shaisdara road or on some other road, so what will you say? oh brother, there is a very expensive rent, this means you have enough money in your pocket. Similarly, the class was, if the examiner asks you, what was the class at that time? So remember that the class was. How do we know that the class was? We know that the class was from the settlement. How from the settlement? Suppose this is an area, so how do we
48:13 know the house in this area? One house is here, So the second house is so far and the third house is here. In such a big place, there are only three houses. This happens in big localities, isn't it? One house is 500-600-800 Gajas. Then the children's house was such that there were some middle houses. That means what class would this be? Middle class. and there was another place where we get the information that in a small place and the house was full of people that means children of lower class also existed this is not a matter of air all of this is proven that even at that time the
49:00 class existed you must have heard of this class Point number 3 is called Citadel. Have you heard of it? What is a citadel? Citadel tells us that the way people lived, some people lived above and some people lived below. Consider this as land. Some people are living here above, some people are living here and some people are living here. Meaning first class of people, second class people and third class people. Now see what is a citadel? Here you must have heard a word, here it used to be a gherabandi. This was called fortification. No attack from outside, no natural disaster from outside, no attack from outside, no natural disaster from outside, no attack from outside, no natural disaster from outside, no attack from outside, no natural disaster from outside, no attack from outside, no natural disaster from outside, no natural disaster from outside, no natural disaster from
50:02 outside, no natural disaster from outside, no natural disaster from outside What did they do in this way? They used to call it fortification and when people lived in this way, they used to call it citadel. Is it clear? So these were the things. Let's listen to more examples. We were behind. We will tell you what happens. Do you know what is Nikasi? Nikasi means drainage system. Let's see how was their drainage system. Was it this or us? Drainage system means, Nikasi. Right now I am in Delhi. I am in Dehradun, Rehra. Delhi is the capital of the country. And Dehradun is a city of rich people. The capital of Uttarakhand. Both are prime cities. Shall I
50:49 tell you something common? If it rains for 2 hours in Delhi, where will you get water? On the roads. 1500 lives have been crossed. All of me loves all of you kids. I told you that in the first class of history, will 1000 kids come? I will pull the meter, you guys just stay with this. Thank you for being wonderful audience. I don't want to run away from this thing that I don't get angry, no matter how many live are there, everyone gets angry. If the child comes good, then the morale is up, if the child is a little less, then the morale is down. Thank you for being a wonderful audience. This content will keep reaching in this way. Pay attention here. Brene system means Nikasi system. I have given you an example of two big cities. And what is common in both the cities? The common is that if it rains for two hours, then water will come
51:37 on the roads. What if I tell you that till this time, there was no climate change. It used to rain for months. And what if I tell you that you will not even see an inch of water on the road. This was their Nikasi system. How? Just understand. Suppose all the houses are here. Under the houses, there were stone pipes. And those stone pipes, extra water for the houses, or extra water for the rain, whatever it was, they used to take it out of the village. And not just outside the village, without any reason, outside the village, like what happens in the village today, there are ponds. Why do they happen? Have you ever thought? so that the water level does not go down. In our
52:24 village, it was said that if you want to install a 12, it was 200 feet, now it is 300 feet. That means where is the water table going? It is going down. To maintain that water table, this is called a water harvesting system. So where did all this water go from? Outside the village. And this water was not wasted. this water was kept in a pond this water was kept in a pond the rain water will also come here now what were the benefits of this? this was used in crops in which? in crops means it was used in irrigation you must have heard that crops were being grown in IVC and from this water table was also maintained water
53:14 table also maintained this work was also of them only they will teach us English that you are advanced so all these things were there at that time listen more there was granaries at that time do you know what is a granary? Granaries was a barter system at that time Barter system means there was no money transfer If someone has grown something, then he used to exchange it with others Now when food will be surplus Means if I want wheat, then how much? 1 quintal And how much I have grown? 4 quintal So these 3 quintals, will I keep them somewhere or not? Like what happens in today's date? Cold storage happens What is the winter vegetable? Cauliflower
54:03 Right? And what else? Carrots are available in winters In winters you will get cauliflower for 10-15 rupees per kilo If you want to eat it in summer, you will get it It is expensive, you will get it How much will it cost? Rs. 100, Rs. 150. From where? From cold storage. What is cold storage? The temperature is maintained there. That's why it is expensive. Now what if I tell you that the same type of cold storage was there at that time also. All the excess grains, excess means the extra grain, the extra crop, to store that crop, was to store that crop in granaries. Did you understand? So, with all these features, I would like to
54:52 tell you one more interesting thing. Now, when I am studying, I will tell you in depth. Three Manjilgharas, whoever gave the answer to this question, we will note down the number and send it to the Paytm for 10 rupees we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water we will send the money like water but children stairs are not evidence. There is only space where the stairs used to be. Like the stairs don't break. There is evidence. There is evidence of stairs but we don't
55:41 see stairs. Now you think that without stairs how will a person climb? now don't say that sir they will climb with rope, you will climb with rope you are young, if you ask your grandfather to climb with rope, tell him how will he climb? there are no stairs, so tell me how will they climb on the three steps? if there were stairs then what is it? very good, who is this child? there would have been wooden stores Aayu told me first of all, very good my lion, cheetah, see there were stairs, but how were they? wooden stairs, how? wooden stairs, that sir when we got
56:27 bricks, then why didn't we get wooden stairs? the shelf life of wood is very less but the wood is very strong so its shelf life is maximum 400-500 years after 500 years that wood will perish that is why the solution we got which we call as plug-in field Plugic field means that the land which is lit up, the children of the village will know, the land which is lit up, we have got this but we have not got the solution there. Now if the land is lit up, then the solution must have been the solution. Now there is no solution, so what happened at that time? At that time, the solution must have been of wood.
57:17 Now where have we got this lit up land from? In the Kalibangan. Where? in Kali Bangan to know such facts stay connected to us GS by Himanshu Soam understood or not? so this is a plug field this is a lighted ground and this is found in Kali Bangan these are the things that are at home one more interesting thing, this English will tell us, we are behind see what is this? heart, what does heart mean? Harta means that we noticed when we were searching for things here that in this corner of the house, in all the houses we
58:08 saw, in this corner of all the houses, we found something. What did we find? We found that there is a burnt wood here. wood, now you will say that wood does not mean charcoal, what did you get charcoal charcoal means coal, what did you get coal and here we also got some bones here we also got some bones and we got proof that there was fire here too that is, there was fire too now if this same thing comes in a daily soap, then how will it be told? Sindhu Ghati Sabyata in one corner of the house bones have been found Fire,
58:53 coal, what can happen? Nothing can happen, they have a kitchen. What is it? Kitchen. And this kitchen proves that people believed in Vastu Shastra even at that time. Vastu Shastra means, even today you see, Even today, you see that people depend on the direction of the house. And some directions are such that if you ask for extra 1, 2, 3 lakhs, then you get that too. So even at that time, they believed in Vastu Shastra because everyone's kitchen was in the same corner. Now, let's assume that the society is complete. One
59:39 big heart is also found. One big heart. we have also got a heart, now what is a big heart? here also we got the same thing, suppose there are 50 houses in a colony, so where are the small hearts? they are in the houses, a big heart where there are many fire, many coals, many bones, but the bones which are eaten in chicken, which are eaten in non-veg, they have got, like the bones of fish, okay children, so tell me from this what is known that why this big heart will be there? This big stove, in simple language, what is stove? Why would this be a big fire? This would be a big fire because in society, in the community, if there is a program, if someone's birthday is a celebration, or if it is a 13th birthday, or
1:00:29 if it is a moon day, then to do any such program, whatever happens in the society, it used to be here, we used to call it hearth. What will we call this in English? We will call it community kitchen in English. what will we call it? community kitchen ok? yes, we had fun in this talk tell me, did we clear all these features? did we have fun in these features? did we, the way we were coming while reading history, were these classes different from that? if they are different, then hit me quickly, it's been an hour now we will know all the facts, then we will question all the facts, made history interesting tell
1:01:15 me quickly, quickly, quickly kids, breaking the question is not a big deal in IVC if the question comes, then it comes from the site mostly I have written all the details in this I have understood them in the last part also is it okay that much? yes brother, okay one more interesting thing we will tell you There is a statue that you are hearing about before also What are you hearing? Dancing girl, have you heard about this statue? That yes, there is a statue of dancing girl I will tell you about that today, which is not in your book, which is not on your YouTube I mean, if you see YouTube, then it
1:02:02 will be a big word, but it is not there I try to say anything that is limited by it, right? That it should not go to those who are arrogant, right? You have learnt a lot but still keep the intention that you have learnt a lot. What is there to learn now? A lot of things. If someone asks you that since when are you studying history? I am studying history since 2017. What is today? Since 2026. It has been 9 years. What did you learn? Nothing much. What is there to learn now? A lot of things. So keep it with the same intention. See this, from here your question is made. For you, it's a mock practice. Now, since the kids are so live, I'll say it. I am bringing such mock tests for you very soon. Very soon means very soon. Such mock tests
1:02:47 that are like those that come in CGL, like those that come in CPO. The feeling that you get after going to the paper that you have studied so much, even after that the questions are not being asked. Easy, moderate and tough. The proportion from each subject, the feeling of real exam, the same 25 questions are very soon ready for you. are happening. You just do one thing, what will you do? Keep your feet steady, your brother is standing here for the fire. So see, which of these sites are there in Afghanistan? Our Shortugai and Mundigak. Which are there in Baluchistan? Mehragad, where the first evidence of agriculture is there. Kilugul, after that Rana Gundai and Dabarkot, Balakot, Nindobari, Anjeera, Sutkagendor.
1:03:35 Punjab is in Pakistan and Punjab is in India also. Who are here? Harappa, Jhillipur, Dwarawar, Ghanerwal and Sarai Khola. Who are in Sindh? Mohan Judaro, Amari, Koddiji. Have you heard about them? Sukur. Have you heard about them? Jhangar, Kashmir, Manda, these were the North's extension Haryana's site Banawali, Rakhi Gadi, these are also directly asked. Which is Rajasthan? Kalibangan. Which is more important? Mithal. Look at UP, Alamgirpur, I remember from where
1:04:21 is this? This is also our extension. After that, Hulaz, Sanoli. Which is in Gujarat? Very important, Dholavira and Lothal. Surkotda, Rangpur, Rojdi. see in Maharashtra, Daimabad, south, this is the extension key features, all these things are what I explained to you in detail like what is town planning, animal domestication, at this time agriculture is also there, drainage is also there if I ask you that at this time cotton is being grown in agriculture? Wheat and barley you know But is it being processed? Is it being cottoned? So you will say that yes it is being processed And the Greeks used to
1:05:10 take this crop from us What did they call it? Sindon What did they call it? Sindon Sindon means it is coming from near the Sindhu river Okay children At the same time there is also the production of silk At the same time there is also trade and trade at the same time there is also the distribution of stamp and stamp Do you understand the distribution? The distribution of this time, like in the village, we measure in the heart, heart means 5 kg and mind means 40 kg. Yes, that means things were weighed in multiples of 8. At that time, all these things were there. And how did the end of the Harappa happen? We will also know that. What kind of bricks were
1:05:56 used? Burnt brick. Have we talked about this? After that, each city has two parts. The Acropolis means upper city. Did not we tell? Those who live above, on the western side. Acropolis in the western part and Lower city in the eastern part. This is how we know that the class was there. Upper and lower town, we had discussed this What is lower town and what is upper town, we had discussed this Okay listen, see what kind of question we got Listen carefully, if you have started feeling like Ahm Brahmasmi Now I am feeling very
1:06:42 good in IVC So listen to a question See kids, to solve some things, you have to practice only the question In 2022 or 2023, there was a prelims of IAS of civil services In which they asked that where is the best drainage system? Where is the best drainage system? Now this directly, I have read Upendra Singh, Romila Thapar, R.S. Sharma But the answer to this question was nowhere In best drainage practice, if I give you four options, which four options? I will give you Harappa, Mohanjodaro, Dholaweera
1:07:28 and Lothal Listen carefully to what I am saying, which city has the best drainage system? Or for drainage of water or where is the best water management? Till 2022-23, there was no answer to this question in any book. In GS, always, when you understand GS, when you don't get confused, then what are the benefits of it? This will help you in your intellectual development. And when you develop your intellectual development, then you can correct questions without reading. Like, the biggest example of this is this. What I am saying is, tell me where is the best drainage system? Now,
1:08:16 this is not directly in any book. Tell me how will it come? Do you remember that Harappa and Mohan Judaro are on the banks of two rivers? Which one? Ravi is there for one. and Indus for one. So here there will be no water shortage. There is no issue of water management. Third, where is Lothal? There is a dockyard here. That means what is nearby? There is a sea. Where is this? This is in Gujarat. So this will not happen either. So the answer to this will be in the best drainage system, Dholavira. Civil services are civil services. No teacher had taught this way and when I was able to teach this
1:09:01 way how will the questions come further? where you can read it and put your mind in it this type of question comes did you understand kids? that where will be good water management? where there will be water problem water problem can't be in these three so what is left? Dholavira is left to know such facts stay connected with us by GS by Hivanshu Soham understood? ok brother All these things have been discussed in the citadel and I have explained them to you very well. See this is the great Indian thing This was such an advanced swimming pool that there were changing rooms on the side. And as you go to the swimming pool today, it is a little deep, more deep and more deep. This is how it
1:09:50 was inclined. There were changing rooms on the side. There was solid cement below. How can they say that we were more than them? Look, it was made of a bared brick. Look at this. This is The size of the Ayatakaar was 11.88 meters long and 7 meters wide. One shot will come soon from next week. i couldnt give you time for state exams so from next week you will get one shot yes son, from CGL you will get one shot and i will take your mock test also dont take load, if your brother himanshu has told you something then believe me we will complete it see this Then what are granaries? We had understood this also. Where
1:10:41 we used to store our grains or crops of that time. How many were these? 12 granaries. Okay. The deep pangti of the grain house are found. Rows of 6 granaries each were found 6-6. Okay. Remember the granaries. What is the exception? Dhola, Veera and Lothal. Always remember the exception. Here the question arises that if something is everywhere but not in the place then the examiner will ask you this. See this. The whole settlement was closed. Kileband means citadel, citadel means fortification. Not
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