APA IYA INDONESIA DIJAJAH 350 TAHUN? 🤔 | #HistorytellingJASMERAH

0:08 keep Is it true guys it's n and welcome back if you haven't subscribed to this channel don't forget to click the subscribe button especially for those of you who like history ja episode history of the Indonesian colonial period in his speech in 1950 the first President of Indonesia senor Soekarno said that the Indonesian nation had been colonized for 350 years Is it true that today we will discuss the history of Indonesian colonialism if for example there is something lacking or inaccurate or you have additional information You can write it in the comments section below okay fun fact a little guys when I went to

0:54 Amsterdam for the first time my aunt who lives in the Netherlands she is Dutch she showed some buildings that underneath there was something like storage Space and she said you see this underneath this building used to be spices from Indonesia It was stored and she said you see how good the Netherlands is This was built with spices from Indonesia Wow if you watch the history of Teling Jaz merah before we had time to discuss that the first western nation to set foot in the archipelago, precisely in Maluku, was the Portuguese in 1512 fun fact at that time the price of spices was really expensive guys because Not all lands in other parts of the world can produce spices as rich as Indonesia

1:40 Anjay Yes, Indonesian land is extraordinarily fertile, in fact it was said that spices were worth the same as gold. Well, the center of the spice trade was in Malacca, so everyone was buying and selling spices in Malacca. Well, one time in Malacca, suddenly there was talk of words on the street saying that there was an area that had good quality spices in the east of the archipelago. Well, when the Portuguese came to Indonesia to monopolize spices in the eastern part of the archipelago in 1521, Spain also came, guys. Finally, resistance between the Spanish and Portuguese occurred until finally in 1529 they made peace through the Treaty of Zaragoza. The agreement basically said that

2:25 Spain had to leave Maluku but they were allowed to go to the northern side of the archipelago, namely the Philippines. That's why the Spanish influence in the Philippines is extraordinarily large, guys, until today, if you know, there are lots of Filipinos whose last names are like Dela Cruz Santos Bernardos Torres and so on, while the Portuguese were finally allowed through the treaty to live in Maluku. in the Portuguese power in 1579 the English suddenly came to the archipelago for what again to look for spices and in 1583 more and more English sailors arrived in the archipelago and many of them for 3 years did sailing and also trading in the archipelago and in 1591 they returned to

3:11 England bringing a lot of information about the archipelago well in 1596 four Dutch ships and 249 crew commanded by Cornelis the forestman entered the waters of the archipelago they set foot in Banten out of all places and the same as the Portuguese yes their goal was to look for spices because maybe Queen Elizabeth at that time ah tired guys eating porridge has no taste porridge jokes well Ci So actually the Portuguese and Spanish at that time kept the existence of the archipelago a secret from other nations in Europe So they were like Eh this is our secret Okay bro yes bro good r- bro yes bro Okay do n't tell the others let us be the rich anyway they already have-hash

3:56 Don't let the neighbors get rich too, but it turns out that on the Portuguese ship that was exploring, there were several Dutch crew members. The Dutch people on the ship when they were exploring, they wrote down detailed notes about the strategies, advantages and disadvantages for sailing to the archipelago, then they brought them back to the Netherlands. In Pach, the same country, eh, did you know there was an area that was very rich in spices? Well, finally, more and more countries found out and businessmen who were like Oh my God, there's a treasure in Asia, they all came, trying to control the spices in the archipelago. Competition between businessmen emerged. Well, to overcome

4:41 this competition, finally in 1602 the Dutch created a trade union called Venice, the East Indies Company or VOC. Well, through the VOC, the traders united so that they would not compete with each other when they determined the selling price of spices, so they were given a standard by the VOC. Initially, the VOC was actually nothing, it was just a merchant association like in the market. Hey, Bro, we sell it at least here, so no one is fighting over it. like Oh it's cheaper this is cheaper this can be cheaper then again but then the VOC became very-very powerful very-very powerful because the Dutch government gave the VOC the

5:26 right to monopolize trade, print and issue its own money, build forts, form an Army, wage war, and rule in the colonies, you know, it was just shopping for spices. Why were we suddenly colonized? Because of these privileges, can you imagine that it was just a trading union, but suddenly it had this much power and because of these powers, the VOC could do anything in the archipelago? They even began to view other countries in the archipelago as their enemies after successfully monopolizing the spice trade, controlling Batavia and also parts of Java, to the point of controlling the

6:13 kings who at that time were already in the archipelago. The VOC became an early representation of Dutch colonialism in the archipelago. In 1602, the British finally came to Banten. They wanted to build cooperation or bilateral relations with the Sultan of Banten. The Sultan of Banten welcomed this very well and gave permission to establish a trading office in their territory and until 1604 the British established a trading office in Ambon, Makassar, Jepara and Jayakarta so around 1602 to 1604 in the archipelago there were Portuguese, Dutch and also the newly arrived British. Well, the VOC which at that time was in Ambon guys together with the residents of Hitu in Ambon formed an alliance or anti-Portuguese group

6:58 and in that alliance the VOC basically got a reward in the form of sole rights to buy spices in Hitu. Finally on February 23, 1605 the VOC ships attacked the Portuguese in Ambon and 2 days later the Portuguese surrendered the Portuguese fort without any resistance to the VOC. They were like this, take it, they're playing in a gang like this, don't like it, leave, no, they were attacked. The VOC also at that time asked the Portuguese troops, all of you who were armed, leave Maluku and all of you Portuguese who wanted to stay in Maluku had to swear allegiance to the Dutch. At the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese finally lost their power in Maluku. They were also

7:44 gradually displaced by the Dutch and the local sultanates who allied to expel the invaders. Do you know what's like a ship, then there's a dog in the water, the Portuguese fort is It was all surrounded, captured and the Portuguese were only able to defend their territory in East Timor until finally the territory was retaken and they had to leave the archipelago after holding out for 93 years, almost a century from 1512 to 1605, man. 93 t Wow, it's strange, isn't it, if you think about it, it's like our country just found out about Independence, like when I was little, I felt like independence was centuries ago,

8:30 like Wow, there's no way anyone in this world remembers the time of independence, but it turns out like my grandpa went through it, like our grandfathers still went through it, it's strange, anyway, the Portuguese left and the VOC at that time claimed, guys, that they were a political and economic power on the island of Java, well, during the VOC's control of the archipelago, from historical records it is said that they were very, very ruthless, the Nusantara people or the people who lived in the archipelago experienced extraordinary suffering, so the VOC asked for the highest possible profit and at that time they monopolized business practices, so all trade was monopolized by them, especially during the reign of the

9:16 Governor General voj that Peter Shan Kun said They were very arbitrary for example when the Banda Islands sold their nutmeg seeds to British traders the Dutch troops at that time immediately took the lives of the traders In addition, there were many people on the islands who were made slaves to work on nutmeg plantations and this vooc was very powerful Until one day, either because of Karma most likely because of poor management and greed They tried to control a very large area in a fairly short time using violence basically Karma finally VOC went bankrupt well the collapse of VOC from their heyday guys finally made the Dutch kingdom at that time

10:02 the Republic of batf decide to take over all of VOC's remaining wealth as payment for their country's debts well from then on everything that was previously controlled by VOC including Nusantara was under the control of the Republic of Batak aka the Netherlands well from 1808 to 1811 Nusantara was finally led by a Governor General named Herman willam dandles his main task was to defend Java so that it would not fall into the hands of the British well very different from the VOC leaders At that time, when Dandels was in charge, people began to have hope because William Dandel was known as a young, democratic man at that time. So when the Nusantara land fell from the VOC to the

10:48 Dutch government which was in charge of Dandel, the Nusantara people felt the difference and they quite liked this Dandel, it seemed like he was different, he was different from the previous men. He was different. Well, when Dandels was in charge, Dandels also did a lot of development in the Nusantara regions, but over time, people who previously liked Dandels suddenly felt like, eh, why is he a bit of a red flag? A person who was previously very democratic and kind, but over time, he became cruel and inhumane when he began to order people to build large infrastructures with a forced labor system, one of which was the construction of the 1100 KM Anyar Panarukan highway. The

11:35 Nusantara people were asked to do forced labor without knowing the time because this road was important for Dundel's government for government transportation facilities so that they could transport agricultural products. Yes, from our land. Well, he said that the construction of this road was carried out after the Dutch ran out of funds to pay. soldiers and also professional workers as a result the Javanese people were ordered to work without pay. They even received actions beyond the limits of humanity because they were not paid, they were forced to work without looking at the time. Many people eventually became victims and the construction of the Anyar Panarukan highway was said to have claimed 12,000 lives. However, what is history without gossip and drama?

12:21 So after that long, the Indonesian people were told that the Dutch government, especially during Dels' era, built the infrastructure very cruelly. It was later discovered that Dandel kept all the records of expenditures, all the budget records were neatly stored and also written down. Because he had to provide this information to the central government in the Netherlands to the Queen of the Netherlands at that time and in these records it turned out that there was evidence that Danel gave Rp30,000 to the Regent for the salaries and consumption of workers and also foremen involved in the construction he did. Well, who knows where the money went? Did Daniels provide false evidence

13:07 to the central government? Did he enter his account or did he give it to the regents but the money was never distributed, which was clearly recorded in history is that workers do not get their wages well who knows who took the money But it is said that dandles was one of the people who was also very popular at the beginning who was very very very against corruption could enter this terror a mystery Guys where did the money go But people can change at the beginning good finally less right can also at the beginning humble finally go up JAT right we don't know either 1811 other British troops came with warships and tens of thousands of troops within 1 week how could England suddenly seize bat viia from the Netherlands The

13:54 Netherlands finally also handed over Indonesia to England his position dendel was finally replaced by an Englishman named Thomas Stanford Raffles at that time Raffles immediately abolished the forced labor system monopoly trade and slavery that existed during the Dutch colonial era but raffles also implemented a land rental system policy he said that all the land basically belongs to the government So he started asking for rent from the farmers of the archipelago and the money he said Yes because we want to collect it for the state treasury eh in 1814 the little spicy French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte lost the war In Europe, England and the Netherlands finally made the London Convention of 1814, the contents of which

14:39 basically handed back the archipelago to the Netherlands, but the agreement was then realized in 1816, so England colonized Indonesia for only 5 years from 1811 to 1816. The Netherlands finally returned to power, but the Netherlands, guys, at that time was also a bit broke, so they were like, wow, we won back the archipelago, we really have money, our money was used to finance the war, we went bankrupt, right? So, how did we end up saving the Netherlands from bankruptcy? Johannes Van Denbosch came up with the idea of ​​forced cultivation. Wow, he was really happy to force people. He was then appointed as governor general to implement the forced cultivation policy or the sty show culture. At that time, the Netherlands began to

15:25 exploit natural resources, forcing farmers to plant things that would sell on the international market, such as coffee, sugar cane, tobacco, tea and indigo, and this policy proved to be fruitful, right? It was planted from 1832 to 1867. The Dutch government made a profit of up to Rp67 million. Golden damn, and of course, this forced cultivation system made it even more The people of the archipelago suffered greatly Jat that was in the abyss of poverty and hunger and this is probably what is meant by people who say that the Netherlands was built on the suffering of Indonesia Real cuy in 1850 finally the name Indonesia began to be

16:11 used if you don't know the origin watch this episode not only forced to plant things that would be sold at high prices yes guys the people were also forced to hand over their lands and those who had harvested the excess harvest were not returned to the farmers but if there were any crop failures it was the responsibility of the farmers themselves it was unfair and not only that the cultur sttle which initially started with a voluntary concept was gradually carried out by force like in Rembang Central Java 34,000 families for 8 months had to farm with very small wages they were also asked to hand over bamboo blocks of wood for the construction of buildings that would be used for tobacco plants well this forced cultivation system was finally

16:57 criticized by Dowes Decker at that time he used the pseudonym Multatuli he wrote an article entitled Max havelar in it he criticized the Dutch government for the suffering of the people especially the Javanese people at that time due to the forced cultivation system because because of them, many people were sick, starving, and lost their lives in many areas, well, thanks to this criticism, many people became aware, like, oh yeah, this is a really evil system, finally, slowly, this forced cultivation system began to be abolished and in 18770 it was finally replaced with a liberal economic system with the liberal era. Finally, the economy on the island of Java began to improve. The indigenous people in Java began to rent their lands to private Dutch parties to be used as large plantations

17:43 and with the plantations that were cultivated by the Dutch government, the Indonesian people had the opportunity to work as plantation workers from 1870 to 1885, tea, coffee, tobacco, and other trade plantations, all of which developed rapidly and made huge profits, but the gap between what the Dutch produced and the people was still too big, guys, so the welfare of the Indonesian people began to decline, aka more and more people were born, they needed a larger source of food, but they still had to pay taxes to the Netherlands and were paid wages that were not too big, until finally in 1885 there was a trade crisis in the price of coffee and other crops, so

18:28 Anjel because Europe actually started plant their own sugar so they no longer import from Indonesia in 1901 the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina made an announcement in her annual speech that there was a new policy called ethical politics ethical politics is the Dutch recognition that they have a responsibility towards the indigenous people in the archipelago women as Leaders yes needed girls so basically the purpose of this policy is to improve the standard of living of the people they technically colonized but they wanted to focus on three main things irrigation education and immigration but with this effort it turned out not to work could not

19:13 improve the standard of living of the indigenous people in general however because the intention was quite good maybe yes the important impact of this ethical policy is education through education some people in Indonesia yes technique nikli the elite yes at that time who could get access to education this ethical politics also got an understanding of western political ideas What independence and democracy are like so it was a bit like a boomerang for the Dutch they gave education gave education but the people who finally got access to this education realized that what they were doing was not good they were colonizers finally the educated generation could express their dissatisfaction there was a colonial government and

20:01 awareness emerged among the Indonesian people at at that time that they were Indonesians this was our land in 1904 Aceh was forced to sign a short plaque stating that Aceh recognized the sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies and the Aceh region was part of the Dutch territory until finally on December 8, 1941 Pearl Harbor happened Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan on January 11, Japanese troops appeared in Indonesia they set foot through Tarakan East Kalimantan Japan's goal in Indonesia was to obtain logistical reserves and war industry materials such as petroleum, tin and aluminum when Japan came like I discussed in the previous video the Indonesian people were quite

20:47 hopeful because like Oh my God both ASEAN nations came and Japan at that time was like Don't Worry Bro I got you back Let's expel these Europeans from i your country colonized this watashiwa Star repeated again ko iso Ko iso Japan also at that time love bombing Indonesia was extraordinary he created groups like putra Jawa Hokokai to BPU PKI to prepare for Indonesian independence and to attract the sympathy of the Indonesian people Japan also founded the 3A movement which had three famous slogans Japan the light of Asia Japan protector of Asia Japan leader of Asia Wow how come Indonesia is like hai hai like that Elisa so in

21:32 1942 in Indonesia there was the Netherlands there was Japan March 8, 1942 they both signed the Kalijati agreement an agreement which said that the Netherlands handed over its power in Indonesia to Japan and this is where Japan's power in Indonesia began during Japanese rule our best this which was love bombing our love bombing changed completely behuh all the promises were forgotten the 3A slogan was not realized instead Japan wanted to use the Indonesian people to enter a semi-military organization so that the Indonesian people could help their backup to fight the United States in the war they also implemented romusha or forced labor and the forced labor was even worse

22:17 than during the Dutch era the Indonesian people were forced to do tasks heavy without rest without food without wages supervised at all times even whipped beaten Sir with metal batons guarded with various weapons ready to be used when someone resists trying to escape or steal time to rest they also make very inhumane prisons like the one in Lawang Sewu squatting prisons only 50 cm high standing prisons only 1 Cal S imagine guys this is how long the prisoners were in prison They were also tortured incredibly whipped hung upside down beaten with metal batons and so on Try asking your grandparents usually they have like horror stories

23:03 when Japan was ruling Indonesia many of whose trauma was carried until they were old even And this all happened until finally as we discussed in the Rengas Dengklok episode Indonesian independence was proclaimed on August 17, 1945 God Dam is actually longer and scarier than Game of Thrones lately on social media especially many have questioned Is it true that we were actually colonized for 350 years according to the Dutch-blooded International law expert GJ rizeng Indonesia was only colonized by the Dutch in 1904 when Aceh recognized sovereignty The Netherlands was not when the Dutch first came in 1596 if we

23:50 use the definition from KBBI the meaning of colonizing is to control or rule a country so when it was still called Nusantara if one area of ​​the archipelago was colonized then the other areas were not yet colonized Nusantara only became Indonesia in 1850 plus one area of ​​Indonesia Aceh did not recognize the Dutch East Indies until 1904 they recognized the Dutch East Indies So GJ racing assumes that the Dutch colonized Indonesia for only about 40 to 50 years but other historians also have different views according to historian Dr. Sri Margana the Dutch colonial period was calculated from when the VOC was declared bankrupt and taken over by the Dutch government in 1800 even then it could not be calculated as a whole because Aceh

24:36 was only occupied in 1901 while according to historian Dr. Lily Suratmto the colonial period meant that the colonizers had established a government complete with laws, legal apparatus and armed forces and if so it means the colonial period against the country of Indonesia occurred from 1800 to 1945 or for 142 years from 1800 to 1811 was the time of France 1811 to 1816 was the time of England while the Netherlands itself was from 1816 to 1942 or for 126 years so the narrative of Indonesia being colonized for 350 years as stated by President Soekarno It's up for debate can be

25:21 debated In fact I actually want to ask you guys What is your definition of being colonized Did the colonization start when foreigners came to Indonesia and started to have power wherever they were still counted as our country starting to be colonized or when there was already a government I'm sure everyone's definition will be different what is clear is that Indonesia was colonized for a very long time when compared to when we were independent so there are still a lot of things that will definitely continue to be learned by this country but it also requires all of us all who do not forget history Because history all happened all the tragedies all the victories happened to be a lesson for the next generation So that we know what we have gone through does not need to be reduced anymore and

26:06 that is what our country needs in order to progress agree or not You are welcome to comment below Thank you everyone who has accompanied me until my neck is so long This video But honestly, why do we really want to make history telling Jaz Merah is because I see so many people who have started to forget history or don't even know what happened in Indonesia? I also started to forget, so we're learning again together. Thank you everyone who has followed Jaz Merah's history telling. What's next? Comment below. Oh and please don't forget to subscribe, guys, because I can't wait to see you again. Bye bye, see you tomorrow. Din neror [Music]

26:52 Bye, now colonized again. Eh colonized by who? OL SK toilet bye