Appreciating and Enjoying Indian Literature

0:01 Good morning everyone. Good morning class. I hope everyone is doing fine today. Okay class. Today we will be having a new lesson and we will talk about the short story the story of a saint. Okay. We will also learn how to identify the point of view of a story. But before we start class, let us first read our learning objectives. Can read everyone. Identify the point of view of a story. State the lesson of a short story and apply the lesson of the story to real life situation. Okay. Now before we read the story, it is important to know who is Venova Bobby.

0:49 Venova Bobby is very important class because he is the main person at the center of our story. So let's identify who is Venova Bobby. Okay, Venoba class. Um, his full name is Gandhian Venobabi or also known as Venobabi. He was born September 11, 19, 1895 and died November 15, 1982 at the age of 87. Um he is known for bodan movement or what we call budan movement or land give movement also known as the bloodless revolution. A voluntary land reform movement in

1:37 India. Okay. It is started by Venova Bobby itself begun in 1951 in Pochampali or Pochampali. Okay. purpose um the purpose of the movement. So encourage rich or land owners to share their land, help landless people like poor farmers. Land is given voluntarily. So that is Buddha Bobby class. Okay, remember Venova Bobby that's how you pronounce his name. So Venova was born on September 11, right? 1895 into a Brahman family in Ma Harashtar. He belonged to the highest

2:24 cast from a young age. He followed a simple disciplined life. He was vegetarian class, loved studying and spent many years in prayer. A friend said he ate books. Okay, meaning he studied constant constantly at Okay, he studied constantly. At 16 um Venova left his family to seek knowledge and understanding at the univers University of Vinares. Okay. He met Mahatma Gandhi and followed him for about 20 years. He even look um he even took a year off to train his mind by studying and his soul by living in villages. In 1940 class, Gandhi asked him to offer himself for arrest to protest British

3:11 rules against public speeches. So, Venova spent most of the next 5 years in jail. Okay. Because of that, after India became um become independent, he did not join politics. When Gandhi was assassinated, many people look to Voba. Okay? Because Gandhi was assassinated, people look for Voba for guidance. Um though some thought he was only a shadow of Gandhi. Million now's u million now call call him the new Gandhi. Okay. A lot of people call Voba as the new Gandhi. But the comparison is not exact. Gandhi moved people to political action while Vinoba inspired

3:58 individuals through religion and selfless service. Okay. Now let's talk about the story of a saint which is the Buddhan movement or giving lands. Okay. Now on April okay April 18, 1951 um the village of Pochampelli in South India was hot and dry class okay like many other villages in the Telangana district the people were hungry and angry because they had no land to farm. Okay. The poor were desperate and communi communist were gaining control by promising land to the landless. Okay.

4:44 But on a day a 56-year-old man named Venova becomes something unusual. So the Buddhan movement or the Buddhan land gift movement. Okay. So as you can see bodhan means land gift. Okay. Bu as land and dan as gift. Buddhan land gift. Okay. Okay. Vobabi started that movement what that we called Buddhan movement. Um vu budan um Buddhan movement or Buddhan land gift movement. The idea was simple class. Peasants should have their own land and those who had extra land should give to those who

5:31 had none. This movement was based on something called love. Okay, that is to um understand it more that those who um those who had extra land should give some to those who had none. Okay, that is an act out of love. So let's proceed. Thousands of Indians class um came to listen to Venoba. He was a small frail man with Bill um sleeping um okay thousands of Indians came to um to listen to Venoba class. Actually Venoba

6:16 was a small frail man with pale goaty slipping spectacles and a far away look but his words were strong class. After hearing him, many villagers signed papers giving part of their land to give others. Even people who had never met him sent legal papers giving land to Venoba. Okay, imagine the movement began when Venoba was walking through Telangana to attend a conference of Gandhi's followers at that time. So Telangana class in the state of Hyerabad was the center of communist activity. So the communist controlled many villagers by using fear. Okay. They

7:02 were using fear and taking advantage of the hunger and desperation of farmers. So many landless people were harans or children of God as Gandhi had called them. Okay. On April um 18 class, Venoba entered Pochampelli and held a prayer meeting under the trist. Many Harigians were there. Okay. One leader said, "We had no land. The government does not help us. The communist say they will give us land." Venoba asked the villagers, "What will you do for the landless families?" A wealthy man named Ramchandra Clast

7:47 from the Readycast stood up and um offered his own land. At first, Venoba did not believe him. Ramchandra asked for a piece of paper because Venoba did um did not believed um Ramchandra. Ramchandra asked for a piece of paper and wrote that he was giving 50 okay 50 hectares of land. Vinaba who almost never showed emotions clap his hands with joy. He decided that if Ramchandra could give land others could too. This movement became the start of the Buddhan movement. Okay.

8:32 Venobo. Okay. For 50 days class, Venoba walked through Hyiraabad talking and thinking about his idea. Okay. During this time, 6,000 hectares of land were donated. Imagine 6,000 hectares during that day were donated. The communist threat on Hyerabad was reduced not by Venova himself but by ancient troops. Um new laws removal of middlemen charging high rents. Okay. Um after this Buddhan spread across India big leaders in New Delhi praised it. People sent gifts of land from places

9:20 Venova had never visited. Some tried to connect Buddhist but um Venoba refused and continued walking through Bihar. Okay. He continued to walk from Bihar, Bengal, Oressa and Adhara. And everywhere he went, people waited for him saying victory to Saint Venova. Okay, a lot of people already calling him the Saint Venova and they shouted they shouted victory to Saint V Nova. Okay, Bodhan um was very disciplined. Okay, Voba and

10:06 his followers walked around 3:20 in the morning. Imagine 3:20 in the morning for prayer. Okay, just to pray. Just to pray. Okay, imagine the dedication of Vinoba class because he and together with his followers w um woke up around 3:20 in the morning and to pray. After that they began walking silently. Okay. After they pray they began walking with no orders given. The disciples simply followed. Okay. During the first hour walk or first half hour, nobody approached Venoba so everyone could think quietly. He ate

10:51 very simple meals, class, curds, milk and sometimes lemon juice. He refused medicine for a long time but later took malaria medicine. He had ulcers but remained in generally good health. Okay. Along the road, villagers touched their foreheads to his sandals to show respect. Okay. He walked until he reached the village for the for the day where a hut and shed were prepared for him and his followers. In the evening, a portable public address system was set up and Venoba sat under a tree to hold a prayer meeting. Venoba. Um, okay, let's move forward.

11:40 Venoba explained the meaning of Buddhen. Okay. India must be built on villages. For centuries class, people let leaders far away make decisions. Now independence was theirs, but they had to take action themselves. He said, "If there are 500, okay, if there are 500 people in the village, there will be 1,000 hands, 1,000 ft and 500 brains, but one heart." Okay? Almost every village gave land to Buddhan. Okay? A Maharaja gave 50,000 hectares, another gave 50,000 and 1/2.

12:27 Um, as you can see, poor villagers also gave what little land they had. Okay. One peasant gave Venoba 1/4 of his land. Okay. Venoba returned it to him and told him to give the product or to produce it to the poor. Um, some critics said class that the 30% of donated land was bad. Okay. or that Buddhan could not give land to all landless people. So even though they give a lot of land, this land were naturally good. Okay, it 30% of the um the land was bad and not Buddhan could

13:12 not give land to all landless people. Fin replied that any land could be used for community buildings or pastures. Okay. He also reminded people that even gods like Rama and Krishna could not solve all problems. People can only do their own work. Okay. Now true um true love, discipline and selfless giving. Venobabi changed the lives of thousands of landless people in India. He inspired people to act, to share, and to believe that better life was possible. Okay, here's the um here's a quote from

14:02 Venobi mean um it says to give away land in charity is like sharing one's body with others. Okay. Now this quote from Vinabi means class that giving land is not easy. Okay, it's not easy. Land is very important because it is a source of food, income and life. So when a person gives their land, it feels like they are giving a part of themselves. Venoba teaches us that true generosity requires sacrifice and comes from the heart. Um so that is the story of St. class. Okay, I hope you learned something from it. Now let's identify the different types

14:48 of point of view. Now let's identify first what is point of view. Okay, point of view is a literary element that shows the entity through whom the story is conveyed to the reader. It serves as the vantage point okay by which a story is told. Okay. Now um as you can see it is it serves as the vantage point or it serves as to tell us who is telling the story the story sorry story rather or which is the story came from or which a story is told. Okay. So we have three types of um point of view. First is

15:37 first person. Okay. First person point of view. The writer uses I to refer to the character who is telling the story. Here the reader has insights. Okay, remember has insights into the character's mind as he reveals his thoughts, feelings and reaction. So example class is I felt nervous as I walk into the village unsure if the people would listen to me. So here um we know what the narrator is thinking and feeling because they are telling the story themselves. So key clue class look for I, me, my, we this usually mean the

16:24 story is first person. Just remember that class that when we say um again first person it talks about um the narrate it talks about what is the um what the narrator is thinking and feeling. Okay, you will know that in if you will know what the narrator is thinking and feeling it is it it is first person point of view. Now next type of um next types of point of view is third person. Okay, the third person the narrator here has no insights

17:11 into the character's minds and narrates the events from an observer's point of view. The author presents the story using he, she, it or they. So we have um what we call that two um sorry three there are three types of third person point of view. First is um limited omniscient where readers are told the thoughts and feelings of only remember only one character sometimes but very seldom of two or three characters just remember one um one

17:58 character okay for example Venova walked through the village he felt hopeful that the people would listen to him so we know Venova's feeling but not what others are thinking. Okay. Another um another one is omnisient. Okay. The narrator here moves from one character to another as it reveals the thoughts and feelings of all the characters. Example, Venova felt hopeful as he spoke to the villagers. Meanwhile, the villagers were unsure but curious about his ideas. So we know Venova's thoughts and the villagers thoughts. Okay. So that is omnicient. And the last

18:44 one example um the last one is dramatic or objective. Okay. The last one is dramatic or objective. The writer uses the narrator to relate only the events and words of the character. It is called dramatic because they the way the words and actions is conveyed is very similar to what you would see and hear if the characters were in a play or film. So for example class um Vinaba stood in front of the villagers. Ramchandra step forward and said I will give my land. So we only see what they do and say. Okay. We do not know what they are

19:30 thinking or feeling. Okay. To give you um more um clarifications or more ideas about it, I've prepared here as you can see like it is labeled as simple idea point of view pronouns use what we know to for you plus to be guided. For example, in simple ide um in point of view like first person I am telling the story. Okay, remember that I, me, we, my that were the pronouns that we use when the story is in first person talks about thoughts and feelings of the narrator only. Third person limited, we see inside one mind. Third

20:15 person omnisient, the narrator knows everything. and dramatic objective like watching a movie. Okay, if you want to um you can stop this video and read all of that. Okay, class. Now I think that's all for today. For your assignment, okay, for your assignment advanced reading, you will explore the works of three famous ancient poets. Um those were the three Indian poets. You will read selected poems from each writer and reflect on their meanings, messages and how they relate to real life. As you go through the readings class, try to understand the emotions,

21:01 ideas and lessons expressed in their poems. Um this activity will help you appreciate poetry and deepen your understanding of different perspective. You may refer to pages 73 to 78 in your module for this task. Okay. So I think I think that's all for today. Um see you in our next class. Okay. I will be sending you class on um Google form for you to answer that will serve as your quiz. And now for now let's go and let's say goodbye to each and everyone and let's meet

21:47 um next meeting. Goodbye class.