Atomic Structure FULL CHAPTER | Class 11th Physical Chemistry | Chapter 2 | Arjuna JEE

0:00 So this is the topic which we are going to discuss in the last section. I will read this in Principle of Atom we'll do it with redox The structure of the atom is very complex in itself. This is a scoring chapter, I tell you again and again If I'm going inside any item The probability of getting an electron Tells the size square and the region where But size square value is maximum Probability of getting an electron This region is called maximum of orbital when you file the electron So in increasing order of electron energy I will file hello and welcome you and me dear student how are you all how are you all i hope Brother, everything will be great once again I welcome all of you Today we are going to talk about the structure of Atomic very lovely chapter one very This is a very simple chapter, yes at some places atomic

0:45 structure is written as structure of atom The thing is the same, in the last session we The whole concept of goods is completed in one go I did yes and today we are in the same session Those who complete the structure of the atom are fine ok then i want to tell you guys something I was looking at some doubts, I saw some comments some children were writing that sir something There are topics which are missing in it Now I am missing some of those topics I have kept it deliberately as I am telling you I am done with normality etc. these ones who This is the topic we will study in the last This is us inside the principle of item we'll do it with redox in it but some People said not all percentages are pure Karwa Rakhi Percentage Purity Question I have got it done, there are two-three of them now Only percentage was written for heading If there is purity then you will watch the session You will get questions on percentage purity Percentage of questions have been asked from him

1:31 Percentage Hill homework has also been given Yes, the thing is that it is not a separate topic It is actually written, that is a separate topic They do not exist, they have been made a topic there is no separate topic and because We have an imitation of time I have to finish that chapter within 3 rc r3 or in 3:30 hours obviously I am Extensively you can read a chapter in that manner It is a little bit difficult to get through and this Anyway this is a backlog series for you guys Is it to complete the backlog? yes so if you want to see the complete details People said that everyone should study like a destination Manzil series son, that is a different segment of ours The floor segment is different, that's a one shot There are sessions in which we spend 8-10-12 hours They give 1 hour long sessions, that is a different thing yes this happens just before the exam it is not the same thing, it is different in this we

2:16 Ending a Chapter in a Concise Way Let's do it, okay brother, thinking about this thing we have to complete the session okay According to me daan should start the session now You should study the structure of the atom until this Brother, let the session not happen at one place, it's great You people are sitting in front of density, water and water Take whatever you want to drink Have you seen the full session with me? You will enjoy the session only then and you will know You will feel which chapter and which topic is short Which one did you miss, if not then comment in the end Do it like this, I have left it like this, right? OK, donate and then start the session Aai saheb, what is this session to do? If they are there then okay let me write down the names But our target today is The target is to give us the whole chapter very Let's go right to finishing it in a good way Let's start first from the introduction Look friend, the first thing in the introduction

3:03 it has come that when we talked you When people were young, you were in class ninth People had to read Dalton's atomic theory, right? Brother Dalton came first. He said that friend whatever item is there The more individual the atom the more you can't divide into smallest The particle of the pea is an atom Then people came and discovered radioactivity People said that it was something smaller than an item and the particle is present and that which is the most There are small particles inside the atom They are presented, we have named them what did we mean by that we didn't People also gave names, what did they name Why are all atomic particles orbital? Brother, he is writing that all the atomic particles are fine yes dada jo right ok sir sub atomic There are definitely a lot of particles They are there but in our syllabus Which are the subatomic particles that What we have to read in this chapter is Bhaiya

3:49 the electron is followed by the proton and Then after that there is neutron, yes all these three In the larger category of atomic particles we find this I have to read it in the chapter, let's come back later There are more to read: Discovery of the Subatomic Subatomic in the biggest of the particles How were the particles discovered and what happened First of all we are going to talk about To you all about the discovery of electron Tell me who was Thomson Bhai Saheb? He discovered the electron Experimented with X-cathode ray tube It is an experiment, not an experiment done Tha Cathode D Experiment And from there he made a larger version of this particle. I found out, okay, so this is the cathode Experiment and see what happens to you There is a glass tube in front of you

4:34 yes inside this glass tube you and I have filed it but whatever else is there is a lot Honey is needed at low pressure and To maintain low pressure click here Is the vacuum pump installed here? what have you done cathode anode two I am holding the electrodes and very Voltage A high voltage battery is here But you have installed it, right? And these cathodes Between these two cathode and anode you have placed a file did you do it, did you file any gas, okay what have you guys done by filing a gas di ok and like you said hi voltage did you guys notice one thing do what notice what did you do what he did This anode has small particles inside it You have made small holes in the perforative isn't it a small hole he made a very wonderful thing he noticed a wonderful thing Notice Kari and here's what he did

5:21 Just behind the anode there is a mass Its substance is zinc sulphide I did coaching, it is such a substance If any particle comes and hits g So it shines, brother, it throats, right? What happened here? He noticed one thing that as soon as he completed the circuit he I saw blue here, it is here right Then he thought, friend, there is something fishy here The throat can only be opened when a particle comes Come and hit it with a certain velocity isn't it and the particle that must have been there I told you friend, this particle is here Towards which electrode did the particle move? is going towards the anode and the anode which would be it has a positive charge on it Meaning, on this particle which might have been there how would the charge have been, it would have been negative no and this is the negatively charged particle This is the negatively charged particle

6:08 The cat is moving from both the sides towards anode This negatively charged particle was named given electron okay very good And this negatively charged particle race thi hai na sarita of negative There is no problem, now someone will say it Sir, where are these cathode caste from, how come This negatively charged particle was generated Where did it come from? Take it as your mother hydrogen gas was yes here you have a very Hydrogen is supplied at high voltage Whatever happens will be converted into the form of yes And this is because of the high voltage plus a - will break into a - will ionize yes what will happen son ionization will happen

6:55 Ionization will happen, not ionization brother Tell me the ionization will break into ions which was the hydrogen atom Son that is h+ and negative one is positive charge The particle will become a negatively charged particle Today we will create this negative charge the particle is known as the electron yes and this is the negatively charged particle it moves from here to there and The race of this negatively charged particle We have named why because where is he coming from Was it moving a little towards the anode was yes Now imagine if the mother takes her hydrogen Instead of filing the gas, he filed the oxygen gas So brother, this negatively charged particle it will remain the same as before, right? the electron Only the electron will remain or not, will it remain with the tax

7:41 Its mass will have significance for everything this is that if here you see different If you file particle different gases then These are the properties of the cathode race It doesn't matter the cathode race Cathode Raj means property the race of the electron and no matter which gas yes An electron is an electron, my friend. In my opinion, his month is a relief from everything You have already understood this thing from yes then a very here if we people properties View point of view View point of properties He wrote a very wonderful thing about the cathode race that these are the properties Independence is the nature of gas, right? You can buy any gas, any property It doesn't make any difference whatsoever The properties are written that this cathode This race is travel in a straight line it travels from the cathode, right, and

8:30 If someone stands in their way you can put a target If you give it to her, she will make her shadow, yes this one Division takes place Obviously, the positive electrode Isn't it true that these dresses will be charged? How is the electron in the cathode race if the charge on the electron is negative then The positively charged electrode will This debit happens on one side and this debit happens on the other side it happens towards the plate it's ok Well if you put a little something in their way If you keep a light bill on foot then this cathode what happens to her doing rotating the tree level isn't it so this shows that the cathode Rekha particle is a mass of its own Coming at a certain velocity and hitting him I am transferring some of my momentum to him and because of that what is that wheel it's happening and he's crying and saying okay it's my point I understood, yes, these are some properties

9:17 You guys can take care of them in their big But the most important property in this is This is the last property, see it here But it has also been shown that when the cathode is Raj A is coming if you give them a plus and Install the mine plate for the electric field So, towards which side should your cathode race go? is going towards the positive plate So from here it became clear that brother this How is the charge on this particle negative It is happening ok na how was the charge in this was negative ok if we talk about the charges about electron then according to me you There is no need to tell about the electron which It is charged - - 1.6 * 10^-19 is open and the mass Its capacity is 9.1*10 thou d power mines 31 what happens na this is your absolute Charge and Absolute Max This is its charge and mass, now look at it

10:04 Like these negatively charged particles If it is discovered then it is a matter of common sense brother when Your atom was ionized in a positive way The charged particle became a negativity a charged particle was formed if your Negatively charged particles from cathode to anode which is moving towards positively The charged particle will move from anode to cathode yes it will move in which direction from where it will move in which direction will it move from anode to cathode yes then today This is a race of particles which come from where towards which direction is it moving from anode to cathode These races are being named Was it anode race or canal race what are they called anoderus or Canal Raj and this race which is there in them It must have been a particle, but how was its charge?

10:49 will be Is it positively charged or not? That must have been the particle, did you understand what I said? I am having a It is clear, there is no problem till now and if mother takes hydrogen gas in it If you have hydrogen gas in it, then If we file then hydrogen is positively charged The charged particle is h+ and it is called Proton yes what is it called son roten is there if there is any other gas file in it You will do it like a mother, you have inflated the helium So the positively charged particle of helium that is not a proton who will get a proton Will you tell me which gas file is there here hydrogen gas file is yes like mother helium is filed in it, so when its If ionization occurs then it will be positively charged Which particle will become h2 + now it will become h2+ and h+ both of them have different mass

11:34 The charge of the proton is also different. Which h+ will be said when you Which gas is stored in it Hydrogen gas has been filed away, this is good which is because it has a positive charge If it is a particle then which electrode does it belong to? which side will the plate move towards The negative plate will be There are many similar properties which are available in starting Is yes last property and last property it depends on the nature of the gas Obviously it will depend because when If you have changed the gas then brother Positively charged particle will have its charge its mass will also change

12:22 And if the charge and mass have changed Yours may be different from the specific charge Both charge and mass will be different then the properties of your anode are also different It will happen, okay, right? It is very important. This is what are the properties of anode rays does not depend on pay On what does the nature of gas depend The properties of the cathode race are It does not depend on the nature of the gas I don't do it, it's okay, Dan, I will remember this cheese good Look at this also, this thing is shown here, isn't it? that if you pass the no dress then that Negatively charged plate which is electric If there will be a debate on his side of the field, then from here It is also confirmed that yes, the anode rate Whatever it would have been, what would have been the charge in it Whatever his particulars are he will be charged was positive okay Dan good one more thing

13:08 Look, just understand one more thing If I talk about proton then The charge of a proton is charge off How many protons are there brother wire which proton is 1.6*10^2 in sar plus -19 Kulambi and if you talk about mass What is the max of proton sir mass of A proton is 1.672*10 thou d power mines 27k According to me, I know everything small If you study in classes then one A short term and a short lifespan which is called specific What is charge specific charge son This is called the whether it is an electron or a proton

13:54 yes I don't have to remember what the value is You can divide and take it out The value of the specific charge is correct well if mother take the relative charge Let me talk about it, there is relative charge How much is the son of Proton worth plus What is considered forest and relative mass isn't it so you want to write one you that this is it How much is the relative mass and how much is the relative mass how much charge plus one okay right electron What would be the relative mass and relative charge of Hai Mine One there is no problem till now very good Let's go ahead and let's talk now Whose neutron is last? discovery of the neutron which was It was done by James Chadwick and how Discover what they did a took the seat of beryllium and the seat of beryllium

14:41 Bombardment of alpha particles above I think you all should know about this what is the alpha particle Is there helium nuclear helium We call nucleic acid alpha Particle has a unit positive charge on it It happens So such a particle is called alpha particle when it emitted alpha on beryllium If she got particle vomited then she got such a The particle found had no charge But its mass was approximately that of a proton The particle which had mass equal to what did chadwick name it yes what did you name it son neutron so if Let me talk about the mass of a neutron

15:28 So the mass is almost equal, son. It is 1.674 mass so in plus will be 1.674*10 thou d power mines 27 k and charge So I have told you guys that brother, if that If it is neutral then there is no charge on it It will be yes if you are asked about its relative If you ask how much is the mass then you people will say Sir Relative Mass is one and its relative There is a charge sir there is no charge in this So the egg will be yes what will be the relative charge When it becomes zero, you have to say yes or no, friend, yes Give ok as far as i am concerned If there is no problem then this is the discovery of everything atomic particles were electrons protons The discovery of the neutron, however, has greatly More questions You can ask just for the sake of asking but that's not too much

16:14 It is not important what was important I told you I have a question Specific charge of cathode race which is There is always a specific charge Meaning A/M is the ratio of charge to mass is a constant what has it meant Electron Whatever the particle, its charge Let us put a question before you, it is very important This is a simple question, you guys should ask this question once Just look at it yourself, yes you guys look at it yourself do yours and see Like mother take another question is 10 pacific charge of two particles a and b two particles a and b have specific charge

17:01 his fibers are given how much fibers he gives has kept g 2/3 says mass of a and mass of Look, you can write it like this now, right? In M A * B how much have you given son 2/3 Yes, so now we are asked the value of A/now How much will it be then what will happen to me now 2/3*B will it be done oh brother tell me friend its ok and mother how much have you given me sir Has given 2 / 3 M A has given B has given 2 / 3 This means how much is the charge on the fiber it will be 49 tell me

17:55 yes let's go ahead then the next question is this You guys will ask yourself very easy questions Whatever the question is, we need to be specific in it Do you want to tell the order of charge I by M Have to tell whose charge and mass ratio All the charge and mass fibers will be more you already know that okay now its After all these atomic particles were discovered Now people asked tell me friend how is atom What does an atom shop look like How does it feel, so what do you make from there? How many atomic models are always mentioned in the chapter If you want to study atomic model then read atomic model Thomson will read which one first Atomic model will come back to you Rutherford Atomic model will come again your Burs Atomic Model and Quantum will come last For your information, the mechanical model tell me that these are the two atomic models

18:41 This is more important and the ones above there are two atomic models, okay we know them You must have read it earlier in the lower classes too I have read it but it is so much there is no important part there is no okay so let's go then Thomson talks about his elder brother Thomson What did he say to Thomson? One day and night I had a dream Came isn't it, he had a dream about the atom and what he He stuck to the dream and made a rule I have given you a dream that an atom is like this that the item is spherical it's ok no problem and he said that It is spherical but at the same time this atom The positive charge is uniform is distributed throughout the atom and which Negative charge is its distribution The model who wore it did not have a uniform with whom did you relate this or this

19:29 Water Milan model is also called Water Milan I like those seeds black color seats they are presents, he said so Negative charge is present on the atom inside and the audible substance that is consumed The substance is red in colour, right? As it is presented in watermelon He asked what about your item It is present, it is a positive charge right? So because of this, we used this model People also talk about big model and water meeting It is also called model, right? what is the important thing that the atom Spherical said he did this through some calculations He also said that the radius of the atom is ok and he compared it with what with lumbering or a water meet

20:16 ok, i have told you this The important thing to understand is that it is a positive charge of negative charge from the distribution of Who said that this does not happen through distribution? I said this brother said Who said this? This is an option, isn't it? Watermelon in front of you as you like Are you seeing the seeds? Compare this with the seat what he did to the electron and what remains is It is double substance, he said what is yours positive charge has to be present okay now If someone asks you what are its limitations what is it oh brother there is a saree in it It is an imitation, nothing has been said in it I have not said anything good in the elder one If it is there then see what to write that first of all I don't know this thing It seems that brother, if your positive charge If it is uniformly distributed then it is negative How is it connected with the charge?

21:04 in a way that the positive and negative hallway, this will give you the information about the atom In the big deal of stability it is not known what The story is also full of big names of the nucleus I did not say what the nucleus is yes and when Rutherford came after this Which experiment did Rutherford do? gold file experiment yes him This is the model for the experiment The result and its consequences are absolutely Entirement is Different what good thing did she say so good thing She had said that the atom which is The total negative and positive charge in it is equal to right, he said that it means negative charge There is no uniformity in the distribution but has both positive and negative charge will be equal and both are equal means

21:51 How is the atom today n hole electrically Who said that it is neutral? Thomson did it. So that was the good thing about it, the rest of it not going to understand much then After that another brother came, his name was Rutherford Yes and Rutherford did an experiment Everyone knows about the forced goldfill experiment he has got gold in his bag I took the file and got it updated with Alpha got the particles to have that party and then The deflection of alpha particles was called He noted the deflation from the gold file And some observations emerged from deflation According to the observations he made some conclusions came out and from there its atomic model was made ok then let's see it later

22:37 See what he said and what he said Understand that from here the alpha particle is A Bhaiya, it is a radioactive substance If we talk about alpha particle then it is helium Nuclear alphabetical Aya and Alpha The particle comes and hits this gold file does The debate takes place, you are watching this debate There is a debate going on from different angles Why should we also understand the reason for the voice Now what has this person done that he is all around I have felt like I am from a movie Rakhi is attached to the screen, it has zinc in it If you have taken coaching for sulphide then as soon as any particle A will hit it there The throat will be visible and it will be known that friend this particle is from whom Ahmed There has been a debate on the angle of gold This would have been one reason why I took Falili It is true that gold is cheaper It doesn't happen, right? He could have also bitten the snake.

23:23 Iron and oil are cheaper then gold is so much It is expensive isn't it, so it is not that He was not a very wealthy man, but I took this because it is gold Son, make very thin sheets of gold. If people take pearl seats here then This could be the alpha particle hitting him from the seat If there is no through pass then it is because of this Which seat did we have to take? Moti I had to take a seat and which was the best for that There was a gold file, we had a lot of seats The file I had to buy was a thin one And whose power is that, it is of gold because The gold which is made of very thin material The strength of the sheets is the first thing and the second The reason was that the metal that was needed here That metal should have been heavy, isn't it? Metal means its nucleus it will have a lot of positive charge and The more positive charge this alpha will have

24:10 The more the particle will be debated then angle of division will be good which can be measured It will be easy to do this if you understand what I am saying There were reasons because of which he Because whoever is bold is a unique person in itself It's heavy metal, okay Dan, let's move on. let's go What observations did you have before you? I have written it and you all know the observations Do you know what the observation was, brother? Most of the d alpha particles are without any Many lotus flowers were removed directly from the division The particles were such that they were at one angle to the debate and very few of them Alphabetical any one of 18-20000 The particle was such that it went on the path of life A 180° angle was taken back on this path his division happened yes he is completely rebounded

24:56 This is called a complete rebound No, but such particles were the least now The number is also written in it that brother ₹ 5000 One of them came back, someone says ₹20000 One of them came back, you must remember that number that no one is necessary, you just pay attention to this keep the conclusion sorry Observation which is not the maximum alpha particle debit There must be and some alpha particles will be What did he do? He drew the conclusion himself now. Imagine what an alpha particle is like Then the alpha particle is positive

25:42 What is a positively charged particle like? charged particle sir if it is positively charged It is a particle and if someone wants to debate on it is going his way, this means that he also how would it have been, the charge would have been positive Think about it and see there is a positive charge here Your alpha particle is lying here I keep roaming around and there is positive on this too So brother, it will ripple positively, right brother? In Science, Positive Affirmative Repels Positive positive attracts negative Ripple does but Anything can happen in daily life The attraction story is also repulsion whatever it may be I can't trust anything nowadays, but Here we know that the alpha particle happens if there is a positively charged particle A positive charge will come in its path only if Now you can think of alpha particle being debited

26:28 Look, if this is inside the whole atom of the whole atom If the positive charge was spread out then there would be lots of There should have been alpha particle debates but it was not so little alphabetical david This means that the positive charge it is not spread throughout the atom most of the d alpha particles without any The division is being extracted which means There is a positive charge, isn't it Munna Dada? A very small space is in a very small space That is why he is not a help maximum alpha It won't come in the way of the particle and maximum alpha particle without any Some Alphas will be removed directly from the division There will be particles which will debate with him and this means positive charge The distribution is very limited

27:14 isn't it and by going here and then moving on Do you know what name he gave, he said that This is the small space where the atoms are The positive charge is kept in the space The name is nucleus, what was it called it gave the name nucleus and some After doing the calculations, he also told that the an atom has a volume yes an atom which The volume is of an atom whose radius is it is of 10^-10 km and The radius of the nucleus is 10 thou The power mines are 15 m long, what does it mean The radius of the atom is quite large today compared to the radius of the nucleus In comparison, here he also said this brother who gave the volume of the nucleus That would be compared to the volume of the atom I would be negligible, it would be very less

28:01 yes you guys are understanding what I am saying isn't it son, here try your speed a little The speed is high because You all should have read these things in your childhood isn't it a very simple thing, yes now its After these On the basis of observation and conclusion he did you design your own atomic model First of all he told in whose elder the brother of the nucleus who The nucleus is very small inside the atom Positive charge is present at place C is not related to the distribution of Thomson had said so as soon as this one I have done an experiment and found out that friend not from the distribution of positive charge Thomson is missing, he hasn't been found yet She came right then what did she say after that He told me that it is a nucleus and it is charged

28:47 is positive and the electrons are revolve on a circular text around it doing And what did he say about this circular text? he gave it a name he gave it a name and Son, yes, what did you call it? It is orbit, right? This is also true that brother electrons are the nucleus will be attracted towards the side and one towards the outside There will be centrifuge force which will be balanced because of which these electrons This happens continuously on this circular text Donation is constantly revolving From here, he developed his atomic model in this way designed but look at the atomic model He designed it but he said that Brother, the nucleus of an atom is very is smaller isn't it and the positive charge it is present in the nucleus and the electrons that are there

29:33 circular text around the nucleus The forces keep rotating inwards, don't they? of attractions seems to be on the outside The centrifuge force balances it out But there is no shortage in the world, right? People with different minds have also You have found out the flaws, right? And first of all give two In the midst of scarcity we have to read which In which are we to study, limitations of Brother I want to study food atomic model, it's ok Good In these imitations, the first thing that is imitation this was it, this was that brother this is your Rutherford is the stability of this item I don't know how anyone will tell me everything I understand, look, there was a brother who The name was Maxwell, right? He didn't give a damn. What did Maxwell have to say that if the mother Take any charged particle under acceleration if it is there then it will emit some energy in D form

30:19 what does radiation do to the energy amit does it so like your electron is it revolves around the nucleus This means there is XLration inside so that Radiation should be avoided Energy should be avoided and if he keeps energizing It will come closer to the nucleus A day will come when that nucleus yes it will enter inside the nucleus will it collapse, will this happen Have you ever seen the electrons moving around the nucleus? I have seen him entering I have seen him doing it If this happens then your atoms table will not be complete. will be able to But according to Maxwell this should happen was needed because the electrons are located near the nucleus moving all around And if there is acceleration then all this will happen Was Needed but it doesn't happen why doesn't it happen

31:04 Rutherford has no answer to this question. There was no answer and when there was no answer then bhaiya Atomic models always fail in the first region So this was the second one what did he say in this he said that brother who The electrons are from the nucleus People move around on the circular text she told her mother okay let's go out somewhere asked ok tell me one thing All the electro talked about will roam around again what or two electrons on which different text eight will revolve around which different lesson will they revolve around 18 wander about something different And if it had burst, friend, I just thought Otherwise, brother, when you will not think about it then The world will give you cat, if not like this These two things also have their limitations Rutherford cannot explain this

31:50 Know what the atoms table is and why it is the electrons are inside the nucleus It does not collapse and it does not even tell I know that these are electrons What is the arrangement around this nucleus? What is the arrangement of nucleus around arrangement of electrons around d The nucleus cannot explain this Ok I understood it correctly Brother now the question is in which year jee mains 2011 has been asked once you will know this Read the question carefully, what is it saying Please understand this and tell me its solution Just look quickly what is going to happen

32:36 says that if Thomson's atomic model is correct will ya It was an experiment, what would have happened in it So let’s check what happens If Thomson's atomic model was correct This means that whatever was positive was positive for the whole atom. The relief spread inside is positively charged no but a little bit right because positive charge is spread throughout the atom If there is some distribution of it, little by little the density decreases hey you are getting alpha particle a from here Brother, the alpha particle will come to me It is a positive charge, it will say positive charge Son, I will debate you Particle A must have been positive here and there too Here too, as the positive comes closer The speed of this alpha particle is

33:22 It will gradually decrease, do you understand what I am saying yes repulsion yes repulsion is positive Speed ​​will reduce due to repulsion first thing and second thing is alpha particle Division will also have maximum alpha particles There will be debates but from a very small angle why because from a small angle which is yours Positive charge will be its distribution There will be a little bit of positivity everywhere, right? If the charge is spread throughout the atom then A little bit present everywhere It will be okay, right, and that is why he is Alpha Will not be able to debate the particle much According to me this story is very clear, yes thats great What is my atomic mass number? There is no need to tell according to the calculation The atomic mass is what we call atomic

34:08 The numbers are denoted by 's' and these are generally numbers of protein is equal to yes and joe It is a mass number, we denote it by A and what is this equal to, son number of protons plus number of neutrons is equal to right this is equal to one The element is A, right? Let's write M. There is an element M whose atomic mass is S And the mass number is represented like this This is done, isn't it, this is its representation You all already know what happens next let's go ahead and have a little chat what are isotopes brother isotopes are like Should I talk about the isotopes of hydrogen? one ha one ha you one ha three are you watching People sir mass depends on atomic number The number is different for the same atom same elements same element then element

34:56 hydrogen is divided into its different atoms whose atomic number is 1 but mass is 10 The number is different, we use such substances what do they call isotopes okay Yes Well let's calculate the neutrons Let's see which question has been asked on this Asked in year 2020 Tell me about neutron I asked you a question friend, this is too much, come and see Its atomic number is one, son proton one Proton One Proton One is there, right, all three have it The proton is a one because atomic number is one Now look, its mass is number one, right? If neutron plus proton is one then say neutron zero it has its mass number you that means it has one neutron its mass number is three yes that means it has two neutrons The question has come that what is the mass of a neutron

35:42 you will say all three will happen see This is the question, if you don't believe it then read it Here is the question I just asked you It is said that hydrogen has three isotopes is the number of neutrons now given Respectfully RXA is isn't it because it has chemical properties Chemical properties depend on what

36:29 number of electrons or their number of If it doesn't have much to do with the proton which are your isotopes isotopes which are son there are isotopes which are there look son It is written that the isotopes that exist chemical properties because their The number of electrons they have is These are the same isotopes of chemical will be from properties ok tell me what is right yes yes very good very good substance containing number of neutrons Number of presents kya hote hain

37:15 neutrons are presented to the head Give me an example, oh brother, take the example Here friend, look at this and take this to him Neutron calculator will come with you isn't it and it also has neutrons calculated won't these two come together? these two belong to each other what are isotones of each other isotope is ok take care Isoelectronic species according to me There is no need to tell you guys many times It has been named Chik Chik Ke iso means electronic to you real three plus yes and also I write

38:01 neon you F mines all of these if you guys check If you do it then how many electrons will you get, son? Yes check 10 thousand rupees if you don't believe it No, there are 10, which means everyone has a number These are of electrons sir how will they come So how will Dada be electronic? Iso electronics will be understood Let's look at a question in which year was this asked O Bhai Saheb 2023 and Sir this is the latest There is a latest question, do it but settle it tell me what is iso electronic doing Do you want to tell me what or this electronic s2 - it reduced

38:49 spoiled it How can these be when can't it be mg2 plus it you plus friend where are the 18 electrons from look near it k plus 18 kal- 18 ca2+ 18 S3 Plus 18 Sir Option He loves her very much, right? Every time he asks a question, apart from this Keep this in mind about Isola Electronic Questions we need to know on Yes D In which electronic homework should be done bhaiya Isn't this what I was saying to you in 2022? No, there is too much love for this in 2022 have asked Specific charge of proton I will tell you in alphabetical specific charge I have done it before, you have to know it yourself

39:35 to tell from I One more diapers aren't they though this radioactivity Iso diapers are available at a much lower price What is the meaning of iso diaper Isn't it true that neutrons and protons are present like Someone presents you with an example of thorium 304 so I see the proton here atomic number is 90 means there are protons and It has the same number of neutrons plus protons how many are there 234 so what can you do from here You can extract neutrons from here ho 90 out of 234 - kar dog neutron mill and after getting the neutron you will The value of a neutron minus a proton It has to be taken out, okay, yours is here too can you brother atomic number is 92 it means

40:22 Proton is 92 yes and neutron plus The value of proton is 38 so from here you you can remove the neutron 238 - 92 and here But you will still find its value as neutron - You will see the value of proton, both of these Both of these have value, what is the value, son? if it is from then such substances are present in which The value of neutron-proton is determined by There is another example, there is another thing called what are isostas it is written look These items are molecules or ions whose size is approximately from Similar size containing d to number of atoms and number of atoms from valence electrons and

41:08 Write examples like valence electrons I gave you o2 you meant o2 - and d neon In the valence cell of both, beta 6 you guys are electrons sorry eight eight Check if electrons are in the valence cell You can and both have the number of atoms Each and every atom is like mother, I have written F - Both ion and neon have one valence cell The number of electrons for both together is There isn't much difference in size right? And the number of atoms in both is also different. If there is such substance then it is called DJR non s is what are they called I think it is called isostructures The story is clear till here, no problem I don't want honey, tell me it is a very easy thing till now We the people have had okay very good so now after this we Let's go ahead and talk about beta dual The nature of electromagnetic radiation is

41:55 What is the meaning of dual nature here? the electromagnetic radiation that you have This double nature shows who all sa is one, wav nature and sar is another hai particle nature yes sir these are two nature shows Nature does this as well as particle nature Let's see what Wow Nature is and what is particle nature but from that First who will we talk about before that oh brother what is electromagnetic radiation Tell me this is electromagnetic Look at radiation, son, what is it? electromagnetic radiation such radiation in which the electric field and Both magnetic fields are opposite to each other propagates perpendicularly and both of these are in the direction of

42:42 is also perpendicular to propagation What do you mean sir tell me back like mother There are three things, one is electric field and the other is magnetic field and the third is the direction of Propagation: These three things are directed towards each other are perpendicular Magnetic field if mother lo x propagating in the direction If the magnetic field is on the x axis If your electric current is oscillating then The field will be the one who will pay and the direction of If it would happen through propagation then such radiation would occur are radiation radiation means form of There is energy in which the electric field and magnetic fields to each other does a perpendicular oscillation and that direction of Propagations are non-electromagnetic

43:29 There is no radiation and whenever there is any charge If acceleration occurs inside the particle then it This one radiates what all is written brother this There is electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light in a vacuum what are you talking about it is absolutely right The speed of light is faster than the speed of light Others travel, these ones travel No medium is required to do this Tell me you have the power to travel even in vacuum yes it is a very good thing yes good and in these What is electric field and Magnetic perpendicularity is perpendicular and also the direction of propagation It is perpendicular, yes we should also first I know from okay look at it electromagnetic radiation from each other how is the power different when their wavelength

44:16 be different when what is their difference if their frequency is different then electromagnetic radiation from each other being different is power okay it's good There is a Kam Aayi whose name is Electromagnetic spectrum what is the name of electromagnetic As much spectrum as you have, son electromagnetic radiation is if you They are given an increasing or decreasing arrange it in order you will say sir Whose increasing or decreasing then Dada You can take increasing decreasing order You can order their frequency yes, your faith is of their wavelength It's your choice, whichever of the two seems right to you Take increasing orders from anyone take the decreasing order which arrangement Banega Date Particular Arrangement Bill will be non-refundable

45:02 Today the electromagnetic spectrum is what is it called beta electron I understood the magnetic spectrum Look at this matter in front of you, this order is written It has happened I want to order at least this much You must remember first gum rage then Accessories then you then Infrared Microwave radio waves and lastly long Do you know that there are radio waves? It is necessary and important and from here Here the frequency is decreasing at the cost of life and dvalent is increasing now you see one thing is this ISP question This kind of question can be asked like brother tell me no, tell me who will say the most Whose frequency is it, right, that order is given to you You should know that it does not remember the value It does not remember the value written above but you should at least know the order it's important okay right now here's one thing you

45:48 And notice son which ultra wallet region and there's this region in the middle of it in the middle of it Which visible region is present no in between whom u and yer in between this What is presented in the visible region It gets presented, which is right Good So these are the electromagnetic spectrum Afterwards we have to look at some small things isn't it like mother what is low wavelength what is wavelength brother it is yours There is electromagnetic radiation in it This is the maximum that is there in this, you can you call it crust and this minima You call him two, two neighbours of the crust The distance between the two traps is You can do this by measuring the distance between It is Lambida, can you guys call it that? What is wavelength and what is distance Good

46:35 what is frequency what is frequency happens that your electromagnetic The radiation is in one cycle in one second how many bicycles Sir it completes what is the meaning of cycle hey this is not that bicycle dada this is it A cycle means this is a cycle means number of cycles per second The number of times it is there will be called frequency Frequency represented by new goes Isn't frequency represented by new? did its unit second inverse or Which is its most famous unit? hey hearts which one is it hearts okay good There is a term, what does period mean Like mother, take this electro of yours Magnetic radiation is electro magnetic The radiation takes time to complete one circle one by one [music] come on mother take one oscillation to complete

47:23 The amount of time it takes is called There is a period, right? And there is a relation between Mau and Tea. This happens to you, this is a new relation You have to keep in mind that this is your time period isn't it new this is equal you one bye you are fine You must know the meaning of velocity The relation is μ = c / lambda. This gives us Keep in mind that there is a question on this formula come on yes here what is the c son speed Off Light Isn't it the speed of light? You can call it velocity.

48:20 Ok I have a question given on your screen Has there been a question that appears on your screen But it is given here, please look at this question What to write carefully about a Vividh Bhartiya It is the station of India Radio in Delhi. Broadcast at an frequency of Dada frequency given frequency given 1368 Kilo Hearts Bole Toh 10 Tu Di Power Three Calculate the length of heart electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Transmitter, tell me what to do now? I have asked you about wavelength, the world knows it musical tu si apna lambida hota hai yes So you have the frequency, take it with you it is s you want lambda what is lambda It will be three son, you are 10, you are the power of 8 / The sequence is 1368 * 10 ^ 3 right and that's it

49:05 you can solve this and find out which one you will find in me Let me go, tell me how easy it is, yes, yes Hey tell me friend The frequency is defined for the wave Your Lambida sir everything is for wow is defined but There are some phenomena which you can see in nature off electromagnetic radiation I cannot explain sir which ones are those The phenomenon is the black body written in front of you You cannot explain radiation The photoelectric effect cannot Variation of hit capacity of solid temperature this cannot be explained and the hydrogen spectrum are some

49:52 Phenomena are written which are called the nature of Explained by electromagnetic radiation it cannot be done and for that we must Whose particle nature do you mean as if diffraction happened, interference happened There are some phenomena which are called by nature You can explain them to them They cannot do this with particle nature There are phenomena that need to be explained We definitely need particle nature, wow If you can't explain Nature Six then now What should we do about these phenomena? I want to study but this thing is We don't need to read it here ok, we don't do that thing here will read So first of all we have to talk What is the black body radiation of Look, black body radiation is such an ideal

50:38 It is the body which you can control no matter how much frequency give me the light, I will digest the saree and when If back If you feel like commenting then it will be a big deal Radiation of all frequencies is emitted back There is also power to achieve the ideal body it is called black body and this The radiation emitted by a black body is It is now called black body radiation. Someone will say sir here you are using ideal words why are you doing this because it is generally like this the body does not exist, isn't it Observe light of every frequency And also admit that such a body exists I don't do it, right, but still I have made some definition Here is a graph that shows is the wavelength of the black body radiation and

51:24 The intensity of your graph is a particular You guys can see this in front of you on the temperature What is this graph saying to you? it is being said that as you increase the wavelength The intensity will increase as you increase it The maximum will be at a particular wavelength and Even after that if you increase the wavelength then The intensity will gradually decrease Now this graph will show the temperature You can explain this from particle nature only I will have to give this graph the wow nature of Electromagnetic Radiation Explained don't know how to do it ok if its clear then anyone from here The calculation part is not big In this graph you guys are studying physics I will read more yes So any calculation part is black body It is not asked in Radiation

52:11 So this is what we are talking about - black body radiation After this, who do we want to talk about? What does the quantum theory say? Your plexus quantum theory let's you It is written on the screen that it is Plax Quantum in the big theory, what would you say ok right Plants quantum theory is a very simple thing look what he said in plank that whenever an atom or a molecule means I am a name late particle whenever someone Limit the energy of particle radiation What does it do? It amends the energy Or if it absorbs energy then Planck said that this absorption of energy or Then we have emission of energy, this is energy It will be in the form of small packets any item molecule continuous energy Does not reduce radiation of every frequency

52:56 He does it only for energy Small packets will do fine and this It will be the smallest packet of energy Named the smallest packet of energy is it gone quantum what is the name given to quantum and if If I talk of light then how can I say light Date is the smallest particle of energy this non today is photon na like mother take photo Every single photo is the source of your energy It is a small packet of three waters, right? How much did the small packet of three water cost? So yours I don't know how much water energy the item will have can observe 3 June if If you have observed a packet then do it on 6th June if two packets are observed then 9 June can be done if three packets are observed If you have done it then you can do it on 12th June if you have done it When I observed the packet, it was this energy Absorption is not always continuous it will be in the form of packet and this

53:41 He also calculated the energy of the photon Kari said that the energy of photon is it is directly proportional to you frequency of light yes and from here if you will you remove the proportionality sign Constantly will you do this ha you guys Named it Blank who stunt yes Banks constant its value to you people It is 6.62*10 thou D power mines 304 Yes, this is energy, there is a photo of him, right? Look here, what else do you see in place of new? can you write You can also write C/λ, then it is energy of one photon is not one photo of their Energy more one photo his energy of one Photon now if someone is one of you then sir mother lo There are N number of photos like this then son Energy of a photon you guys can easily can you calculate if this is the mass of a photon If there is energy then the energy of Munna N photon

54:29 what should I do to remove it from here multiply it, yes, yes it was clear what can you do multiply by n You can just end the story now Numericals are formed which are asked in the exams Let's go, it's okay, we'll see later let's talk about those questions Numerical Key of G Mains 2022 in front of you there is a question, isn't it, look this question what does the question say that the energy of one mass of photon tell me are you there The value of yes is already given in the question. and the value of wavelength is given Son Revlind has given extra 300 new Note nano me which one to convert it to 300 * 10^-9 m in m This is done, now you can write it like this 3 * 10^-7m you get it Lambda

55:14 Find the value of energy of 140 said sir energy of one photon one photon how much will it be Sir K / Lambida and he has asked us you have asked if there is one mass of photons or not then energy of one mal photon one mal means Avogadro number so you this energy have a Multiply the gate by two numbers and Be happy, if it is just a calculation then solve it yourself don't expect that I will have to do this do i will solve this, right? The value is given to you in the question, C we already have c3*10 tou d power at it happens, right, and the value of lambda Here it is, just solve it, answer it Power, I have heard your calculations It's really awesome isn't it, why are you keeping quiet about it If the dog is finished then see its solution

56:00 You will have to take one of these questions But I am telling you that What a simple question is asked This chapter is not very complicated It is an easy chapter though a bit lengthy It is a big chapter but the questions are easy in it Tough questions are asked There is no chapter, it is actually okay right? You also have to read this chapter in the same way And very simple questions of Mains Advance You will also see a lot from this chapter You will get an easy question, okay let's move ahead are we the people asked another question Photo The fibers of energy are energy is it valid then i can write it Energy is inversely proportional to lambda so if I want to write my a2 So that will become Lambida you are your Lambida

56:46 one yes hey dada you will have to say brother yes food I will have to tell you Dada, you are your Lamda How much is that 4000 and how much is Lambda one 200 200 this video is gone sir you can find it here It is no more friends it is no more then this is 2000 Brother now do 2000 for this and you will get this sir 2y1 isn't it energy fibers what will you get by One, here is the option number, is it correct? Very simple questions come from this, see more Take some questions and we will do it what do you do in this We took the least number of photons, what is it Son and mother take the number of photons how many kgs n kgs 4000 pico m

57:32 it means 4000*10 tu d power mines 12m which After calculation 4 * 10 is given to the power - How much will I get brother? 10 to the power of -9. If it would have happened friend, it would have been very easy now What will be the formula of energy A = NHC/LAMBDA Yes Energy is with us we don't know the value of a water n number of The value of a photon is its value The world knows the value of C is 3 * 10 thou The power is 8 and the lambda will be it will be done sir 4*10 you are at the power of -9 yes Solve the problem and find the value of n. Just stay, it's more important to be happy brother yes If you study happily then it will be beneficial Isn't it too much, I always speak

58:18 even in class when you are like this too much You will study by taking the burden on your mind, right? You will study with a lot of forward thinking It won't be possible, it will be very difficult, right? Because if there were 10 things going on in your mind A person's concentration power is very low If you are there then be happy and whatever is around you There are people, they see your face when they Look, you shouldn't feel that way, brother, So the guy is very worried, it hasn't happened like this They wonder, how can this guy be so happy He is preparing for G but still he is happy No yes then God where did that happiness come from People have a problem which is nothing He is studying, he said, why don't you take any care of yourself I don't have to give anything, at least one He is happy, he will be happy, said Lafda I don't want to fart, it will be ok So it won't happen, it won't happen and the other person will be happy

59:03 Relief is what solves everyday problems every day Does not keep backlog of questions properly solves revision solves revision Is That person will be happy, right? And who will be sad? relief is something no one does in a lesser way He has a huge backlog of head, sometimes he does it My friend thinks I should leave this and do something else I am late, doesn't he ever think that someone is there It doesn't matter, I will see whatever happens She is studying like this, isn't she? The one who has this attitude is not worried and relieved So brother, I do not keep such a thing to myself at all Be happy, absolutely cool and every day is worth every penny finish it and don't let the backlog become the biggest that's the thing this is this backlog series and you guys You are saying sir, let it not happen, it means In a way you can reduce it to a revision Obviously you are preparing for the time when you will go

59:49 It is a thing if there is a huge backlog You will start losing confidence and then you You will keep getting separated from the rest of the people, right? And that One day the backlog will become so big that We will leave it, said friend, it won't happen now Will he be able to let his confidence fall down There will be no backlog of money, pay attention give it to you whenever you have time Take out an hour every day And the sooner people repent the more they move forward It will be that easy for you, otherwise the backlog will keep on increasing will come in less and less in the chapter and our every

1:00:36 The chapter will get spoilt, so don't let this happen Take out time for this, one hour every day Manage whatever backlog you have a little bit Give it some time and push yourself a little I will have to do it brother, I have not committed this sin So if it is you then push yourself a little ko yaar ok i am studying for first 6 hours Now I will study with you for hours like my mother Reduce your Sunday holiday a bit and have some fun Take less time, study for two-three hours like this Mother, take any other school exam, not school I am on vacation so take advantage of it You can take benefit by doing all these things you will have to clear your backlog then your There will be happiness on your face Now I live with full energy I will attend the classes, yes, right? Come and see What does this question say, you have to write it It is a 25 watt bulb brother, what does 25 volt mean

1:01:23 I think the whole world knows that 25 vats per second of water means this This is a bulb, 25 June energy in one second I will edit it, I am right It asks us how many quantums it has He will take the photo but in seconds it means 1 minute more than me How many quanta are asked in a second means You have asked about the value of photon, yes it is My son Lambida has given me a micrometer The value given to you is 57 * 10 ^ -6 m what should I do mother you are late and number is off If there is a photon then the value of energy will be NHC/LAMBDA Yes Energy is near me 25th June Energy and I need to find out ha I have the value of C I have the value of lambda solved find the value of n and be happy It's over, right? So these are the kinds of questions

1:02:08 Your NCERT questions but very This type of question is a good question can be asked okay so son this was it Blank quantum theory now after this we The next big thing is a really great concept I am going to study and this concept what is the name of photo electric effect What is the name of the photoelectric effect Is It is a very simple thing like your mother There is a metal surface nearby This metal surface there will be lots of metal atoms in it there must be plenty of electrons here When you have light of a certain frequency no what are you guys doing here there is a light you are putting it on its surface right but one By shining light of certain frequency you will One thing to notice is that this metal surface it's taking out its surface electrons The metal surface allows electrons to be ejected and can be used on any metal surface

1:02:55 the reaction that occurs between electrons electrons are called photos electrons and this phenomenon is non existent photo electric effect this phenomen what is called photoelectric effect This is a very easy and simple thing, isn't it? This suggests you have a setup like this I have taken it, right? Your light is coming from here. is this light like this metal surface of yours will fit the electrons out from here These electrons will move from here to there we will move the circuits will be completed and here But whatever is me, there will be deflation in it like me There will be deflation in it which means current flow has taken place It is possible only if there is current flow

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