GK LEVEL 2 SERIES FOR SSC CGL 2025 | SET -1 | PARMAR SSC | GK BY PARMAR SIR

0:27 So hello everyone and good evening to all. And I hope my voice is coming properly. Will confirm once. So let's start the first mock of level two for the upcoming SSC CGL exam. Tell me quickly, are all the things proper or not? Where are you boss? Is the voice not coming right now ? Yes sir. And vote for Modi, is all clear? First of all, tell me how many people attempted this mock?

1:15 Tell me quickly. How many of you have attempted this mock? Mock one of level two for the CGL exam? And how many people attempted it? And I will take a poll of how many of you. Wait. Okay? And how did you like it? Let's tell quickly. How did it feel? Those who have given the steno selection post exam, especially the graduation level ones, tell me. How did you like it specifically ? How did you like it in comparison to that? 18 is correct. Okay sir, the voice is not clear. Okay, the voice

2:04 is not clear. I liked it sir, the exam should be cancelled from the exam. Tell me quickly nine dr right nine wrong. Okay, everyone has opened this PDF. I liked it sir, the exam is fine again, what is the problem, I am feeling it is good sir, but more time is going to be spent, yes, more time will be spent there too, that is why it is given like this, okay, more time will be spent there, if the kind of selection post you have asked for comes like that, then more time will be spent, your

2:49 level there was good sir. It was good. Let's start . It was good. So cool, a little mistake happened. No, let's start. Ah, this is our first mock. And let me tell you that because this is the first mock, we will do this mock on a regular basis. Accept your this ah as you all know that on 31st . Okay? There is a teachers' meeting. So because of that there will be no class on 31st. Okay ? There will be no class on 31st of July. Rest you will get to see this daily. Where you know that the PDF will be shared in advance, which was done today. Almost on a daily basis at 12:00 PM, the PDF will be shared on Parmar SSC Telegram channel, the link of which is given in the description. You can join it. And the quiz is

3:39 based on this. Now, one because I got messages from some students that Sir, the answers are given below in the PDF. So Sir, how do I mean what should I say now, what do I mean what am I? It is posted on Telegram. The complete steps are also written. How to attempt it, that is, first go to the application or website and attempt the quiz. It is given as a reference so that when I teach, you have it with you and when you have to revise, you do not have to go to the app there. You have to read the PDF. That is why I have given it in PDF as well. I have also given it in the quiz. This is the only purpose of providing the PDF. Okay? You have to go to the app or website and apply it. Then this is given for your reference. Ok sir, don't give the answer. You tell the answers in the class in PDF. Take it, take it,

4:26 take it, this is also my mistake. I am telling you. Ok, I will not give it from tomorrow. Ok? I am giving it for your reference. From tomorrow you will not get the answers in PDF. Ok. From tomorrow you will not get the answers in PDF. Ok? Done. Now that's it. Ok? From tomorrow you will not get the answers in PDF. I will tell you here in the class. Otherwise, if you want the answers, then if you have attempted the quiz in the app or website, then you must have got the answers there for whatever you have attempted . Ok? And we are ok. Ok? And why are we doing things by leveling up? I think there is no need to tell. Because things have come in graduation level. And these are only for the CGL aspirants, not for MTS and CHSL. Because if a class 12th student follows the level of CHSL

5:13 . According to the selection process that has been posted right now, in Fuzz 13, 10th was found to be very easy. 12th was a little more difficult and graduation was much more difficult. So because CGL is a graduation level exam. So that is why we are taking that. What should 12th students do? Only steno, CHSL or MTS students, if 10th level students follow the selection process like Fuzz 13, which has a very high probability, then you should assume that you are not going to face any issue. Everything will seem easy. Everything will seem easy. Okay? What used to happen earlier? Wheat and weevils all used to be ground together. What is it now? Wheat is separate and weevils are separate, right? That means segregation has been done level wise now. So if we have studied at this level. Okay? We have studied at the top level. We have solved questions up to UPSC. So we have studied till the top level. Now we are going to give the 12th level question. As per the questions being asked now

5:59 CHSL so that would sound easy to you. Okay? You will find it easy. Now without wasting much time, today because it is the first lecture, I have to give a small lecture on all these things. Okay? Let's give priority to steno, I will talk about the same, otherwise I will make a separate video of steno tomorrow, okay, either join Telegram, I will tell you on Telegram what the stenographers have to do, anyway, whatever you have done, do it comfortably and go, the thing is finished, okay, yes it is not that statement based questions will come to you, you cannot come, so if you want statement based, you can practice from here to practice it because some children told that even in the 12th level of selection post, there are statement based questions in the 12th level, but it will not be that tough to do them. Okay? So you can practice statement based questions. And if you have a little boy, you can practice from there as well. Then you

6:46 don't need a lecture. Okay? You do as you please. Okay? Sir, I want the answer in PDF. Bhai, I will conduct a poll, tell me on Telegram. Wait a second. Sorry , I want the Hindi PDF. Hindi PDF has already been given on Telegram. Okay? And today I am only entertaining you with notes because today is the first class. So,

7:44 brother, let us start. The first question is this considering the following statements regarding the structure of the earth's atmosphere and its role in climatic conditions. So I think you people must have attempted it. Now many people might not have attempted it, so I will have to hide the answer. From tomorrow, I will not keep the answer in PDF. Troposphere being the lowest layer. And yes, I want to tell you one thing again in the beginning that if you expect me to write it slowly here, then please do not take a lecture. Okay? These last 15 days are left. My target for the last 15 days is to do 15 mocks and two purposes will be fulfilled. One is to make you familiar with the questions based on statements. Second, revise as many things as we can through those questions. So we have to do that revision very productively. A lot of

8:30 revision has to be done in a very short time. So things will happen very quickly. So be prepared for that. Sit after refreshing your mind a bit. Sit after taking a deep breath. Consider the following statement. So here the first thing to keep in mind in the questions based on statements is that correct is asked and incorrect. Okay? You also have to learn how to attempt. Otherwise you already know the answer, you know everything. But keep watching carefully how to attempt. That is also a purpose which will be fulfilled here . Correct is asked and incorrect. First of all, you have to see this thing. It is a statement question. You should not be afraid. You have to be happy. Why? It is easy. Why? Because if you eliminate even one or two. If you eliminate even one. Because you have three options to answer a question correctly. If I ask you to tell in which year the magnetic effect of electric current was discovered by Hans Christian Austin? Then there are options. Okay? If 1820 18 207 1920 comes then it is okay. Otherwise you

9:20 will not be able to apply any logic there. This is a very simple thing. What is here. Suppose I read the statement the troposphere being the lowest layer hosts linearly all their activities including storms, rainfall and cloud formation. Okay? I know for sure it is right. Okay? I know for sure it is right. Okay? So I can say that the one in which there is no one. That is option number A. That will not be the answer. This is how you have to attempt. Of course you do not have the paper in offline mode. But still you can write down these two options in your mind. A B C D. Hmm? Immediately cross out the A B C D paper that you get because A will not be there. Now B C D is left. If you do the questions with statements in this way, then you will be very benefited. I will tell you beforehand. Okay? So troposphere being the lowest layer. Now let's quickly revise it. Okay?

10:06 The troposphere is the lowest layer. How far does it go? 8 km at the poles, 18 km at the equator. The average is 13 km at the equator. Why is it more at the equator? Because the convection current develops up to the top there. Why does it develop? Because more heat is received there. Okay? But one thing to keep in mind is that the maximum heat is not received at the equator but a little bit at the tropics. At the tropics, that is, slightly up and down the equator. The reason is that what happens here at the equator Nor does it rain in a suppressed manner. Why? Because there are a lot of clouds. Because there is a lot of heat. So because of the amount of insolation due to those clouds, the sunlight does not come. It comes but not as much as it comes up and down because rare weather is found there . Tropos means region of mixing. All weather phenomena occur here. The temperature decreases as we go up. We

10:52 call it lapse rate, or the rate of fall. Okay? Positive lapse rate means temperature decreases as we go up. The temperature decreases by 6.5 degrees Celsius in 1 km or the temperature decreases by 1° Celsius at 165 meters. Okay? It ends. The troposphere ends completely. Okay? Then we come to the stratosphere. How far does the stratosphere go? Up to 50 km. Stratospheres. Now what happens here in the stratosphere is that the temperature increases as we go up and here you get to see the ozone layer. You get to see the ozone layer which works to protect us from harmful ultraviolet rays. We measure the ozone layer in Dopson units and what will be the atomicity of ozone? Atomicity because it has three atoms, so it will be tri- atomic and if we talk about it, then let's talk about the protocol now, so I asked a question, then we will get further questions. And when do we celebrate Ozone Day? Will you

11:39 tell me quickly in the comment. Okay? This is where all your jet planes etc. fly. They come to the mesosphere. Again the temperature will decrease. That means there will be a positive lapse rate. Here positive lapse rate. Here negative lapse rate. Why? Because the temperature had increased as we went up. If we talk about the mesosphere, then this is the coldest layer. This is the coldest layer. This is something to keep in mind. Meteors, which are meteors, die here because they burn up here . And keep in mind that it goes up to about 80-85 km. Okay? Just two facts. Thermosphere again, the temperature increases. Here you can see ions. That is why it is also called ionosphere. It is called ionosphere. Radio waves are reflected from here. It goes up to about 90 km. If we recall a little bit here that how did the evolution of our atmosphere happen? So the evolution happened in this way . Three stages. How many stages? Everyone will say. There were three stages. Which were the three stages? Okay? Sir, listen. There is no work of listening or telling. Revise.

12:27 I am not going to take any of your comments. Okay? If the voice does not come out properly in between, then only you should do that. Otherwise just keep the engagement that recall this fact. Write comments. Recall facts. Write comments. We will do it for half an hour only and in half an hour your brain should explode. Okay? About 40 minutes 45 minutes and in this time your brain should explode literally. And if it does not explode then understand that you are the same as if you went to the gym and if you did not feel pain then understand that you have not done weight lifting properly. Okay? So it happened in three stages. First of all there was loss of primordial atmosphere. That means the atmosphere which was already present had hydrogen helium in it. Solar flares came in it. They blew them away. I will take you away in solar flares. So it happened like this. Then digging happened. That means gases came out from inside. What happened to the gases that came out from inside that they were fixed, which at that time were bacteria etc. That is, fixation by the living world happened in three stages. What happened was loss,

13:15 degassing and fixing. Okay? Finished. So, here ah the stratosphere contains the ozone layer which plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful traditions. This is also correct. Mesosphere is the coldest layer. Absolutely correct. And has the highest concentration of greenhouse gases. The highest concentration will be here. Now see, why does the temperature decrease when we go up in the troposphere? Because we have to keep in mind that our atmosphere, which is the atmosphere, gets heated due to what ? What makes it hot? It does not happen due to incoming solar radiation . It does not happen due to insolation. It does not happen due to insolation. It happens due to terrestrial addition. How does it happen due to terrestrial aeration ? That our gases are transparent. There are opaques for insulation . What do they do to the atmosphere due to terrestrial aeration? They heat it up. So that is why when we go up, because this is how the heat is rising.

14:01 So it will be hotter here. It will be less hot here and this is how it happens. Okay? If I talk about the greenhouse gas that is most prevalent in our atmosphere, it is not CO2 but water vapor. After water vapor comes CO2. After that comes methane CH4. We have to take care of this thing. Nitrous oxide which is also called laughing gas. It is also one of the greenhouse gases. You have to take care of this thing. Okay? And and ah insulation which reflects. Like for example this is your mountain. Okay? What is lying in the mountain? Snow. Now tell me if sunlight falls here and this is A. This is B. Where will it reflect more? In A or B? In A or B? In A or B? Sir in B. Why? Because its albedo is more. What is albedo? Albedo is the reflection power. So the freshly prepared snow, that is, ice. Its albedo is the highest. And which has the lowest? Asphalt. What is asphalt? The roads are made from asphalt

14:49 . Where was the first biobitumen based road built? Please tell me. In which national highway was a part of it built? So this was built on NH 44, which is India's longest national highway that runs from Kashmir to Kanyakumari. Okay, so why would the third one be wrong, because greenhouse gases, you yourself think that gravity will be applied the most here, so whatever seasonal clouds form here, why do they go here? What is the composition of the troposphere? Nitrogen is 78%, Oxygen is 21%, Argon is 09%, Carbon dioxide is 0.036%. Whatever you don't find to be a fact, what did Sir say for a second? Immediately put the pen and paper aside. I wrote it down in such a way that only you understood it and nobody else is able to understand it. Okay? So in this way, what is this here now? This is a perfect example to tell you

15:35 that Bhaiya, you have to read the statement completely. If one part of the statement is correct and one part is wrong, then the entire statement will be considered wrong. So here the answer will be C. That is one and two only. Okay? With reference to urban features and cultural aspects of the IBC. Consider the following statements. So here you have to tell the statements in respect of urban features and cultural aspects. The layout of the city such as Mohenjo and Harappa was based in great patterns showcasing. Now that is why I have made you do the paper first. I have given you a quiz so that you do not think that sir sir please give me some time, it will not take time. It will take time. Okay? So if you want to spend time, then spend it first and come. You will not get time here. The layout of the city such as Mohenjo and Harappa was based in grid pattern. Grid pattern means the pattern which is like this is called grid pattern. Where the roads are cutting each other at 90°. Showcasing advanced urban planning. So, we get to know about urban planning of Harappa and Mohnjo or that is Indus Valley Civilization which

16:22 was discovered by whom, brother Dayaram Sahni was the first to discover the first site of Harappa, sorry the first site of Indus Valley Civilization, Harappa was discovered in 1921. In 1922, Rakhaldas Banerjee that is R.D. Banerjee discovered Mohnjo. If we talk about Harappa, it is in Punjab province. If we talk about Mohnjo, it is in Sindh province. Harappa is located on the banks of the Ravi River, Mohnjo is located on the banks of your Sindhu i.e. Indus River . And if we talk about it, John Marshall was the chairman of the Archaeological Survey of India at the time when it was discovered. Alexander Cunningham is called the Father of Archaeological Survey of India. We have to keep this thing in mind as well . I will tell you in the comments. When was ASI established? You have to tell this in the comments . Alright. Okay? Now we do not get to know about urban planning only from the Great Planning but we should know about other aspects of town planning like their drainage system, proper drainage system

17:10 which tells us about urban planning. They used bricks of a standardized ratio and they used to use burnt bricks. Okay? They used to have weights which were in 16 which is called aana. Okay? Meaning they used to say. Many of you might not know right now. So they used to use weights etc. in multiples of 16. Okay? We also got to see their plumbed buildings. Like in Mohenjo, we get to see the Great Granary which is the largest building. We get to see the Great Bath. Great Bath. Okay? Which is rectangular in shape. So all these things tell us that these people belonged to the urban civilization. Now seals discovered from Harappan sites suggest the practice of animal domestication and possibly early forms of writing. Here is a seal. You will quickly tell us in the comments that most of the seals of Harappan civilization were made up of what? This is a Harappan seal. You will find a broken

17:58 seal in the National Museum of Delhi. Okay? So in this you can see that it has taken the form of Protoshiva. This is Protoshiva and here we can see animals. Tell me which animal is this? This is not an animal, brother. This is a script. Their script used to be pictographic. It used to be in the form of pictures. Pictures means something written. Now what is written? We don't know anything. We don't know anything. That means we have not been able to decipher it till date . That is why the Tamil Nadu government recently said that if anyone can decipher it. We will give him $1 million dollars, which means 78 crores, which means 89 crores. If someone deciphers it, then how was it written? Bostephidon. Okay? It was written in Bostephidon. That means right to left, left to right. It was written like this. Okay? And now we should know this too. Now here you can see that these are animals. Okay? Which animals do we get to see in it? So the animals that we get to see here are better dear, which we remember. Better dear means buffalo. Okay? Elephant, tiger, rhino and here

18:46 you will see dear. Dear is one and the one that is broken here, you will see. Okay? You can see tiger. You can see elephant. Okay? Tiger is done. Elephant is done. Rhino is yours and this is yours . Okay? So this is the seal of Protoshwa. Most of these seals were made of steatite. What is steatite? steatite is a kind of soft stone which was mostly made of. Well what did we get of terracotta? Made of terracotta. And we found Modiji made of steatite. Modiji means bearded man. The bearded man we found was also made of steatite and if we talk about terracotta and do you know where did we get these seals from, what is Mesopotamia, what is Mesopotamia, what is the civilization of Mesopotamia,

19:32 tell me, we got it made of terracotta, terracotta means clay, the goddess earth is baked clay, we got it made of terracotta, okay then wait, is that okay? So the civilization of Mesopotamia, the civilization of Iraq is called Mesopotamian civilization. And what did these people from Mesopotamia call the Harappans? So keep in mind that they used to call them Melua. Okay? So don't think that Melua means those from Harappan civilization. No no. You have to keep in mind that your Melua was not from Mesopotamia. Rather, he was from Harappa. You should not forget this thing . Okay? Now let's try this question. We have already seen seals discovered. What option is not there brother, where

20:21 are you writing Egypt? Iraq will be its answer. Okay? Mesopotamian. Okay? Let's go seals discovered from Harappan sites suggest the practice of animal domestication. That's it . Okay? Then fire alters and horse remains have been conclusively found at every excavated Indus site. Take one more tip from me here. This is the tip. And don't keep writing it. Where you have written the paper, just keep writing. Whatever you feel like, and generally what happens to us is that our mind thinks that no, no, we will remember it, but it doesn't happen, we forget it. Okay? So here, as I just told you something, you have to keep that thing in mind that how to attempt. Right? That you have to keep on cutting. Then the tip here is that you have to read completely and carefully with your eyes wide open. What used to happen earlier? What used to happen earlier, like there are 25 questions by rote, so the PQs used to be repeated so much that at

21:07 least five or six PQs would be exactly the same. Just answering it with a bang was very easy. Now what is it that you have to read with your eyes wide open because there can be a pothole anywhere and you will fall here. Like here, take amazing fair the coals. Arey, it's right brother, hit all of the above ahead. Yes I had told you about the coldest layer, you did not read it completely. Look here, Fire Altars and Horse Siemens. Yes yes I had read it. Fire Altars Kalibanga Loda Horse and Kotada. Yes, that's right. You went for the work. You went again. Read it completely. Read it carefully. Read it slowly. I am not saying that you should read it 10 times. But if you have any doubt, then read it again. But read it so clearly the first time that you don't waste your time in reading it again and again. Okay? So fire altars mean fire altars which are used for performing havans. So where did you find it? There are only two Indus civilization sites where we have found it. One is

21:52 in Kalibangan. Okay? One is in Kalibangan and one is in Lothal. I will not give you the PDF of this. You keep writing at your own pace. Okay? Because you have already got the PDF . So here it is saying that you have to pay attention to the keywords found at all. What is this found at all? Neetly yes. Extreme keyword is an extreme keyword. Okay? I am not saying that you should look for extreme keywords with your eyes closed and just hit it straight away, that would be wrong. No, I am saying that you should become a little aware . Become a little more aware. Become a little more mindful. And you have to see this thing that there are chances of it going wrong. Every I write extreme keywords. None never always. Okay? None. Okay? Any

22:38 all whenever you see this keyword become a little cautious that there can be some problem here. I am not saying that you have to do it blindly. But I will show you this when I will put so many sets then I will show you where it is. And you can also tell me that sir it is here but it is not looking like this. You can tell openly. Okay? Excavated Indus side. So it was not found everywhere. Now assume that the remains of the horse were found only from one side of the Indus civilization. And that was Surkotada. And even that complete skeleton was not found. Only one bone was found. Only one bone was found. So on that basis we cannot say that we got a lot of horses. We got the third one wrong. It was Khat Khat Khat Khat Fat Fat. This is the advantage. Now think if I give you only this. Okay ? That means for example let's assume that you did not know two and one. You

23:25 did not know one and two at all. But you got to know the third one, brother, you did not find it in every myth site. The third one must be wrong. Brother you did not know one and two, still you made the answer . This is the beauty of the statement question regarding the fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian constitution consider the following now the answer is the same that you must be seeing and those who mean new people who have just joined suddenly who don't know anything about the PDF, okay so let me tell you that permanency is already available on telegram, the quiz is done, after that you have to come here, okay for the rest I will not keep it here from tomorrow answer article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, sex and place of birth is absolutely correct, let's recall, let's recall, close your eyes, close your eyes, close your eyes. Fundamental rights part three of the constitution has been taken from the USA. Ah it first originated in the UK as a Magnifica. But in the USA

24:12 it is known as a Bill of Rights from where we have borrowed it. In part number three, from article number 12 to 35. In 12, the definition of state is given and in 13, it is given that any law that is made will evaluate the fundamental rights. So who will declare it null and void? Judiciary. But is your constitutional amendment covered under the law? So the answer is no. So, it means that fundamental rights can be taken over by constitutional amendment. Yes, but KBC, that is the question on the Indian case, in 1973, the Supreme Court said do not remove the basic structure . Then the Supreme Court asked the Parliament what is this? It said that it is not written in the constitution. From today, it is from this case that the basic structure was born in 1973, which is not written anywhere in the constitution. Is it clear? Then the fundamental rights start from 14. And how many are there? Earlier, there were seven. How many are there now? Six. There are seven, now six. There are seven, now six. Why? Because the right to property was earlier

24:59 in Article 31. And Article 19 Clause 1 Sub Clause F was in it. By the 44th Amendment of 1978, it was removed and placed in Part 12 of Article 300 A. And that too is a legal right. Which is the court that can issue writs to enforce legal rights? How many types of writs are there? There are five types. Where is it taken from? Progressive writ is taken from UK. The writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is narrow as compared to the High Court. Because the High Court can also issue writs to enforce legal rights. Which are they? Habeas Corpus Mandamus prohibition, warranto abolished. Okay? So from 14 there are now six. Which are the six? 14 to 18 Equality. 19 to 22 Freedom. 23 24 Right against exploitation. 25 to 28 Right to freedom of religion. 29 30 Cultural and educational rights and your 31 has already been removed. But in that also we will have to read 31A, 31B, 31C.

25:45 Okay? Not now, we will see later. Okay? And we will see your cases one by one. And Article number 32 which is the right to constitutional remedies, who called it the hard and soul of the Indian Constitution? You tell us this in the comment. Okay? So 15 prohibits discrimination is the first correct one. Article number 21 ensures the right to life in personal liberty including rights to privacy and cleanliness. Brother, Article 21 is very big. It means all the rights are included in it. Right to sleep is there but don't start asking for rights from your mother. Okay? Otherwise you will get a slipper. So there is the right to privacy. In which case is the right to privacy mentioned? Keep in mind the right to privacy. It was mentioned in the K S Putswamy judgment. K S Putswamy also died recently. So it is possible that he may ask about the case also. It is also known as the Aadhar judgment. This is a case of 2018, okay? Let's not go deep. So there is the right to pollution free environment. There is the right to sleep. There is the right to privacy. There is the right against public hanging. There is the right

26:34 against hacker chef hanger. You get all this under Article 21. Okay? Ah, the right to property under Article 31 is a fundamental right. It is a very low hanging fruit. Now look, you didn't even know. You eliminated the third one . It's gone. Okay? The beauty of statement question. And yes a new trend has come in UPSC civil services that is only one statement only two statements three statements all four when such option is made then it becomes very tough if I had given the same question that only one statement is correct two statements are correct then your brain would have exploded then why because you would not have known which statement is wrong there then this is what happens are you able to understand so this is elimination here but the level of civil services has not been touched yet and

27:20 will not be touched in recent times that it is only one one only two okay keep in mind forget about it right now those PCS people now the PCS of all the states have started catching up gradually SSC will not catch up right now okay so right now we don't have to take that much load okay let's move ahead consider the following statement regarding di and one more thing and yes one thing regarding article number 21 I would like to add here some cases happened like A K Gopalan case in which Supreme Court took a narrow view because article number If I tell you the exact wording of article 21, it says that no one shall be deprived of his personal life and liberty unless according to the procedure established by law. That means, under the procedure established by law, anyone 's fundamental right, Article number 21, right to life, can be violated. But in K. Gopalan's case, the narrow scope of procedure established by law was discussed. Now you

28:07 have to tell from which country's constitution did we take the procedure established by law . Okay? But what did the Supreme Court say in this famous Maneka Gandhi case? The Supreme Court did not say anything about what happened in 1978. Here we are talking about due process of law which is a concept of US which is not written in constitution, procedure established by law is written in constitution, we will follow that as well, we have taken it from Japan, absolutely correct, Teju children, procedure established by law, it is absolutely correct, consider the following statement regarding the major civilian awards in India, so keep in mind that in A K Gopalan case, the Supreme Court took narrow jurisdiction and that means it took a narrow view of Article 21 and if we talk about the Maneka Gandhi case in 1978, it took a wide view, when did this happen? If we talk about A K Gopalan, then this case happened in 1950. Bharat Ratna is awarded for exceptional

28:52 service. Don't look at the answer. Exception service in the field of art, literature, science and public service. Padma Bhushan award is a higher honour than the Padma Vibhushan. Right? That means it is saying that Padma Bhushan is superior to Padma Vibhushan. Now this is absolutely wrong. You should know. Why? Because we should know that Padma Vibhushan is at the top. It is the second highest civilian award. Bharat Ratna comes at the top. After that comes Padma Vibhushan. After that comes Padma Bhushan. Okay? So we should know this complete order. Okay? So this one will be wrong. The second one and as soon as the second one is wrong, you eliminate it, do this, do this. Finished. Your answer comes immediately. You have to do this, you have this power of statement questions. Okay? Let's move ahead and tell me this time, Bharat Ratna, just today I

29:42 have put the award class. Tell me quickly how many people have received Bharat Ratna and how many people have received Padma Vibhushan? So how many people have received Bharat Ratna? Five people have received it. And how many people have received Padma Vibhushan 2024? Seven people have received it. If we talk about Bharat Ratna, then who all have received it? I am not writing. We will recall. You should have an e-book of current affairs, those who do not have it. Okay ? Ah, let's go to Delhi. Let's go right now. Okay? Hmm. Karpoori Thakur, LK Advani, PV Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh and MS Swaminathan, these five people have received it. Karpoori Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, PV Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh, S Swaminathan. And if you talk about Padma Vibhushan, who all have received it? Nine sorry seven people have received it. There are seven people, one of whom is your Kathak dancer Kumudini Lakhia ji. One is a violin player L Subramaniam whom we keep reading. Okay? And there is Sharda Sinha whom we call Bihar Kokhla. That makes three.

30:30 And one is the chief of Suzuki, you hear about Suzuki company. That makes four the chiefs of Suzuki. One is your endoscopy person who has received the award. The fifth is Nageshwar Reddy. Okay? And we have left out two. One is Kher Karke. Kher Kher Kher Karke. He has been the Chief Justice. Okay? So anyway, this is the sixth. And tell me the seventh. I think someone is yes MT I think Nair. MT Vasudev Nair. Okay? So this is the name to keep in mind. He will definitely ask. And this time he will definitely ask which four sports persons were awarded the Dhyan Chand Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award. Tell me. Next is our Regarding the Principles of Electric Current and Circuit Behaviour consider the following statement. In a series circuit the total resistance increases as more resistors are added. It is very simple. Why? In series we know that the first thing we should know is that

31:18 in a series the current remains the same. The current remains the same. The potential difference is different. What happens in parallel? In parallel the potential difference remains the same. But the current is different. Keep this thing in mind. Now we know that whenever we connect a series of combinations of resistors in series, they are connected in series. Let's say there are two, three, four. So what do we have to do? We have to simply add. Two becomes three, three becomes four and everything ends. So 2 3 5 4 9 Now if we add one more resistor it will increase because you just have to add one more. What happens in parallel? This doesn't happen in parallel. Okay? Let's assume this is in parallel. So in parallel let's assume this is 2 ohms. This is 3 ohms. So what is the formula for this? 1 / r Equivalent of equivalent = 1 / r1 + 1 / r2 This is how we do it.

32:04 Okay? So we know this. So in a series circuit total resistance increases as more resistors are added. Obviously. In parallel circuit the voltage across each resistor remains equal to the total applied voltage. Yes. In parallel PD that is potential difference. That is voltage remains the same. Current is different. In series current is the same but PD is different. Okay? Both are correct. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. But not how resistance varies with a current conductor's dimensions. Ohm's law defines the relationship between the voltage and current. That's absolutely correct. V is directly proportional to I comes from here. And when was it given? Please tell me. So in which year? V = IR. What is this R? We removed this proportionality and substituted a constant R which we call resistance. This graph is a linear plot like this. Okay? Straight line with a 45°

32:51 angle with both the axes. So V = IR. Okay? Now here we know that the resistance is directly proportional to the length and inversely proportional to the area of the cross section. Again, if we remove the proportionality , we substitute a constant proportionality. And that is Rho. So R = RL / A. Now what we are getting here is that if we increase the length then the resistance will increase. And what will happen if we increase the area of cross section ? The resistance will decrease. This is what is written right? That how resistance varies with conductor dimension. So how does it vary with the conductor dimension? Ohm's law does not tell. Actually it does not tell directly but tells indirectly. How does it tell? It tells indirectly. It does not tell directly. So according to that logic, this third one can be wrong here. Now let me tell you that when the answer key of TCS used to come, we just saw it last time

33:39 , there was a dispute in it last time too. It happened in two questions in 2023. I think I am talking about GK. In GK, I think it happened only in one personal income. And now it happened in coffee in three-four. Right? But now take my words in writing. There will be a lot of dispute in whatever comes . There will be a lot of dispute. Because in the questions related to statements, they become debatable here. Meaning like it does not tell directly but tells indirectly. So how it is being interpreted also matters a bit. So option number C here. Okay, Vibrant Villages Programme 2, now I also feel that there are full chances of this coming because it is a recent scheme and many schemes are coming. Right now I am telling everyone to focus on the scheme. Okay? Because many schemes are coming. Vibrant Villages Programme Number 2 was launched to cover the Northern Borders villages of Arunachal, Sikkim and Ladakh. Okay? VVP One already includes all Northern Border villages under its cover. So first of all, this is completely

34:28 wrong. I think everyone must have eliminated this that we know that VVP One VVP Two which has been launched in the recent budget. Okay? The main focus in it is that we will develop the villages which are not covered in VVP One . So how can they be of support? And Bhai sahib what is this? Tell me quickly what is this? This is the extreme keyword. Wrong, I am not saying that you have to kill straightaway with your eyes closed. But one needs to become a little aware. Why would it be wrong to think of all Northern Border ? Imagine if not even a single village was covered. Do you understand the meaning of Northern Border? Don't you, no, do you understand? This is the entire India-China border. So this is your entire Ladakh, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim , Arunachal. This is called Western Sector, Middle Sector,

35:14 Eastern Sector. Yes brother, if even a single village is left out in so many villages in so many states, you are thinking that the statement is wrong, so what do you have to do, you should not run away immediately, you have read both of them, you know the reason is wrong, now here brother, no no, there is only one option, brother, the one who is saying R is false, the end A will have to be correct according to that, there is another such statement, there is someone who is saying R is false, the first one is saying both are correct and this is the correct explanation, its second, generally these are the options. Generally, these are the options in the assertion reason. The first option you will get is that both are correct but this is its correct explanation. The second option you will get is that both are correct but this is not its correct explanation. Now, even at the time of JEE NEET, if you have done preparation, then you must have asked such questions

36:02 . Generally these are the options. But you should not go with a rigid mindset. You have to look at the options a little. Okay? But generally these are the ones. So this will not happen because this is false. And if there is this ease in the questions of assertion region, it is a great facility that if even one of them is wrong, if even one of them is wrong, then we don't have to do anything. Okay? Regarding this, I will tell you a few things that what is the total budget outlay in this? About 6829 crores, okay? The budget outlay here was kept. And here only the villages of the northern borders that were left out are covered. Total approximately 17 states, Punjab, Haryana, Punjab etc., all the states that make international borders are all covered in this. Not only the northern borders, all are covered in this. Okay? Let's see which of the following computer terms? This is such a question that it does not happen that this

36:48 brother will not come after studying. Some questions will come which would not have come after studying. And in these types of questions, I would not advise you to attempt it. Why? Where is the option in this , where is the scope of elimination? There is no scope in this. Which of the following computer terms is associated with the concept of quantum supremacy? There is no statement here, so there is no scope. I will definitely tell you that if you are not getting any sense in the question. But if it is statement based. You should read it. I will not say that leave it. You may want to come in the second round or you may want to check if there is a steam keyword somewhere. This is the logic that I am telling you. Hmm. If even one village is missed then the statement becomes wrong. The answer is known. Did you know or not? This is the benefit of that statement. So if you are able to eliminate it in this way after reading the statement, then attempt. Here the chances are less. Here the chances are less. Okay? Its answer will be quantum computing. And like this, now suppose this

37:35 is the actual paper. Okay? Some get through. Some get through for sure. And look, Parmar sir has not read this. This one is of class 12 and this page number is given in NCERT. Come on brother, read NCERT of class 12. Then you will keep searching for new sources for such questions . Okay? So we have to answer those questions which we have read for conceptual clarity and also those which we have not read but are statement based. Okay? Regarding International Environmental Treaties and Conventions, consider the following. Okay? I will try my best to answer these conventions tomorrow morning. If not tomorrow morning, I will get a complete PDF uploaded by evening. Okay? By the way, those who have Fatman, check in your environment section. In the environment section. There is a list of all the protocol conventions. If not, then I will get the PDF of Fatman uploaded. Okay? So check it once. So

38:23 what is the Montreal Protocol? Addresses the phasing out of substances that daily cause ozone layer degradation. Where is the ozone layer? In the stratosphere. What does it do in the stratosphere? It protects against harmful ultraviolet rays. Okay? Okay, just explain a little concept one second. What is heat budget? So the heat budget is that whatever heat comes in, the earth receives it reflects that much back. Okay? So we call it heat budget because it maintains its heat. That is heat budget. Okay ? So when was the Montreal Protocol signed? The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987. This one second in 1987. Okay? One second. This Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987. Where is Montreal? It is in Canada. And what was it signed to phase out? Which substances? So mainly it was signed to phase out chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs. Okay? Now an amendment was made in this, which we call Kigali Amendment. Kigali is the capital of Rwanda. There

39:11 it was said that HFCS will be phased out and hydrofluorocarbons will be signed. Kyoto Protocol mandates emission reduction targets for all countries equally included. What is it? No no no, what is it? The extreme keyword is wrong, let us read it completely and then decide. It mandates all countries equally including developing countries. Now this is wrong here. Why is it wrong? Because it is not for developing countries, but for those who are developed, those who have already been developed. Now, if I talk about Kyoto Protocol, its main purpose was to stop greenhouse gas emissions. To stop GHG mission. It was accepted in 1997. And it is a part of United Nations. Ok? What is this happening? Ok? Ok? This comes under the UF Triple C of the Climate Change Convention and in this, the

40:01 developed countries that have made emissions were given emission reduction targets and that too legally binding, the industrialized countries that have already made emissions are now preaching. Okay? To the developing countries. So here, the Paris Agreement allows countries to voluntarily set their own climate goals and submit national end goals. This is correct. Okay? Nationally determined contribution can be set by them on their own as to how much they will contribute, what it is. Okay? So both are correct here. Meaning, if one is eliminated, then option A is finished. It is just that you have to catch one in such a way that which one is the lowest hanging. It is possible that all three are correct, then it will be of the above. Okay? But if you get one thing wrong then you are in trouble with reference to the characteristic of peninsular rivers in

40:49 India. Consider the following statements. OK? Peninsular rivers are mostly rainfed and exhibit a seasonal flow pattern. We will close our eyes. Draw a line in the middle. Left side Himalayan, right side peninsular. Himalayans cover a very long distance. OK? That means they have a long course. It is a long way. They are deeper. They are peninsular. Penial means river water. That is water all out of the air. Why? Because their source is glaciers. Are peninsular rivers ephemeral or seasonal These rivers flow eastward because they receive their water from the monsoon water. Okay? The Himalayan rivers form deltas. They form large deltas because they are coming after covering a very long distance. So they will bring a lot of deposits. On the other hand, if we talk about Peninsular rivers, then we mostly divide them into two categories

41:35 . One is those which flow towards the West and the one which flows towards the East. Close your eyes and your mind should form a picture of what you have read. Okay? Don't sit like that. If you fall asleep, wash your face. So, there are East flowing rivers. So, which ones are in the East? Recall. Mahanadi is originating from Sihawa Hill. Godavari is originating from Trimbakeshwar. Where is Krishna originating from? It is originating from Mahabaleshwar. Both Godavari and Krishna, where from? Maharashtra. They are originating from Maharashtra. They are originating from Western Ghats . They are going towards the East. Then Kaveri. It went below Kaveri . Pennar above Kaveri. When it is going towards East. And these are long rivers. Brother, we divide Peninsula River into two parts. East West. Well, most of the rivers flow towards East. Why do they flow? The reason is because the Peninsula Plateau is tilted towards East. It is slightly tilted towards East. That is why all the rivers are going there. Do the rivers not

42:23 go towards West? They do not. Like Narmada, the two main rivers of Tapa which go towards West. For example, where does Kaveri originate from? From Talakaveri. It originates from Kogadu district of Karnataka. Okay? Where does Narmada originate from? Amarakandai Plate. What kind of drainage pattern does Amar Plateau show? It shows radial drainage pattern. Why? Because there is a peak in a central dome from where many rivers originate. What is the tele drainage pattern? Where rivers join perpendicularly and what is centripetal like? Where all the rivers come and pour water in a central depression. And what is dendrite? Which resembling the branch of a tree. We call it dendrite. Where does Tapi originate from? It originates from Betul plate. It flows in both the rift valleys. It flows in the rift valley. Ok, between which does Narmada flow? Vindhya above Narmada and Satpura below Narmada. The location of Vindhya Satpura was asked last time in CGL. Okay. You will come down. In Karnataka. In Goa. Mandovi Jwari is in Goa. On Jwari you know that

43:11 you get to see Mormgaon Port on Jwari and on Mandovi River you get to see Dudhsagar Waterfall in Goa. Then you will come to Karnataka. In Karnataka you will get to see Sharavati . Okay? Sharavati Jog waterfall is on Sharavati. You can see Varahi river . Kunchil waterfall is the highest waterfall of India. Kunchil is on the same river. You will come there. In Kerala, there is Bharatphooja, Pamba and Parihar. Finished. Done. Ok, is it clear? Even Perensil rivers are mostly rainfed. Rainfed means they get water from rain. Ok? There is seasonal flow pattern. Absolutely correct. These rivers generally form extensive deltas. They form very big deltas. No no, leave such a long course. They will form big deltas. Ganga will form Bhang Ganga. Brahmaputra will form and it will form your Indus. It will not form this. Ok? So

43:57 the second one is wrong. Second one is wrong. Khat Khat Khat Khat. Ok? Second one is wrong. Khat Khat Khat. The third one became wrong automatically Sir. How? Most of the time in the region originates from the Western Ghats and flows from the East to the West. Well, it does not happen from the West but from the East. This is absolutely correct. Look, here also one part is correct. The other part is wrong. Because it originates from the Western Ghats. I just told you where Godavari originates from? It originates from Trimbakeshwar. Our Krishna River originates from Mahabaleshwar. And Kaveri originates from the Kokatu district of Karnataka. From the Brahmagiri hills. Understood? And down below it goes the southern most river of India. Where are all going? Towards the East. What will be the answer? Be only one. Okay? Now let's come to the 10th question. Consider the following statement regarding the evolution and spread of Buddhism. Evolution spread of Buddhism. Now we know that Buddhism was divided into two parts. This statement is about that only. Well, when did Buddhism divide?

44:42 In the Fourth Buddhist Council. Let us revise the Buddhist Council. When was the first one? In 483 BC. Right? The second one in 383 BC. When was the third one? In 250 BC. And the fourth one was in 78 AD. Okay. And how do we remember him? Who patterned him? One of one. Ashok ah Ajatashatru Kala Ashok Ashok Kanishka, that is, in the fourth one. We were Kanishka and the question that is asked now is that we are becoming very familiar with Mathura art of Kanishka. Okay, if you are in 3.2 batch, you will get some one-liners at night, so memorize them and sleep, I am telling them. So A K A K Ajatashatru Kala Ashok Ashok and Kanishka Kanishka belonged to which dynasty? He was from Kushan dynasty. He was the third ruler of Kushan dynasty. Who was Kajul Katphises? Who was Vima Katphises? Vimal, not Vima, and the third was Kanishka who belonged to Mathura and during his time, the purest form of gold coins were introduced. Okay , okay? Okay? So we should know that the Fourth Buddhist Council was

45:29 the place where Buddhism was divided. Hinayana and Mahayana Hina Hinayana lower vehicle Mahayana greater vehicle. Okay? What was the difference between Hinayana and Mahayana? The Hinayana people used to focus on image worship. Write it down if you don't know. Sir, please tell me the spelling of individual salvation, all that will not work. They believed in individual salvation and achieving enlightenment through self-discipline. And they did not believe in Buddha as God. They believed in him as a guide, as a teacher. But the Mahayana people believed in God. Whom? Buddha. And there is another difference between Hinayana and Mayan. The Hinayana people did not believe in image worship. The Mahayana people did. It is written that if you have read it, then judge that I taught you this thing. Okay? On the basis of that, if we see whether we can eliminate it or not. So Mahayana, Buddhism emerges later and introduces the

46:16 concept of Buddhist entities. The concept of Buddhist entities works here. I have also taught this. Okay? Like Amitabh is a Buddhist entity. Padmapani is a Buddhist. Who are Buddhists? They are those people who can achieve Nirvana themselves. Nirvana is about to be achieved on that path. But they leave that path. Why? So that they can bring others on the path of enlightenment. Okay? So let us introduce the concept of Buddhi Satta. Absolutely correct. The first one is absolutely correct. You have asked the correct question. Now here, I know, I am not sure right now whether he is doing this work in the selection post or not, whether he is playing the game of correct and non-correct or not. And the day you play the game of non-correct, keep in mind that the chances of being wrong increase a lot. So you have to read this. Hinayana is called Tharavada. It was more conservative and relied only on oral

47:02 tradition. Okay? Soley means I relied only on that. I relied only on that . How is it? How is it? This is a bit of an extreme keyword, but let us wait. One should not make quick decisions. Ashoka's missionary efforts played a significant role in spreading Buddhism beyond India to regions like Sri Lanka and Central Asia. Of course, we know that Ashoka sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Ceylon, which we know today as Sri Lanka. So, absolutely correct. The first and third are correct. That means this cannot be possible and this cannot be possible. Either all of the above or one and three. One and three will be wrong or this one is wrong. Because he did not rely only on oral tradition . What does oral mean? Oral means by mouth. Okay? But he did not rely only by mouth, he also did literature. Okay? It is written here. You can see written scriptures like Pali Canon. Now what is Pali Canon? Pali Canon are three canons. Three Pitas, three Pitakas. What are three Pitakas? In the exam that was held recently,

47:51 RO A RO question has been made in it. Okay? Those who have given it will know. Savidham Pita's Sut Pita's and Vinay Pita's. Vinay Pita's. What all is given in them? I used to study APGP in Maths. Yes. VR AR VR AR Technology is VR Technology. Okay? And SS S S S A P P What is it? What is P? Philosophical Matters. What is S? Sermon means Teachings. You can call it Sermon, Teaching. What is V R R? What is R? Rules and Courts. It is for the nuns and monks who are living in the monastery in the monastic monastery . Okay? So this is Tripita Kad. It is written in Pali.

48:38 Most of its text has to be kept in mind. Okay? Whose word is written in Pali ? Hinayana's Pali is and Mahayana's Mahayana's is in which? Mahayana Sanskrit is in Sanskrit. Hinayana Pali, memorize it. Regarding the emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution consider the following. Now would you like to recall or would you like to read the statement first? Let us recall. First let us close our eyes and drink some water. Wait. Emergency three Make that arrow Make the first national emergency 352 You have to take approval within a month for which government, from where, better than the Parliament, who can impose it, the President, who can speak to the President, the Prime Minister, on whose advice, this is written in Article 352. Actually,

49:26 emergency has been imposed thrice in our country till date; in 1962 when there was a war with China, in 1971 when Bangladesh fought with Pakistan, when Bangladesh was being liberated and in 1975 when Gandhi, Indira Gandhi imposed emergency on the ground of internal disturbance. Right? First thing, note it down here. Note it down here. What, note down that the word internal disturbance was removed by the 44th amendment and what was put in it ? Armed rebellion was put in its place. So , emergency can be imposed on three grounds : War, External Aggression and Armed Rebellion. It is not internal disturbance, it has been removed. 44 and 44 was not said because what Indira Gandhi had done in 1975, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the President at that time, so she also told him to impose emergency without asking his cabinet, so in article number 352, then this thing of cabinet was added by 44th amendment that without asking the cabinet, the Prime Minister cannot tell the President, so what does the President impose, he

50:13 imposes emergency, but it is not like when emergency is refused, till the Parliament approves it, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Bhaiya, special majority and when it has to be removed, it is only in Lok Sabha and that too work is done by simple majority and okay, in Lok Sabha, work is done by simple majority and the President can also remove it himself if he wants, it is easy to remove, it is not that easy to impose, approval has to be taken within 1 month and when it is imposed, then our fundamental rights get suspended, except to accept which are those to 20 and 21. 20 is protection against certain offences 20 is protection against certain offences which includes no exposure factor law, no double GO party and no self-incrimination 21 is right to life in personal liberty and under Article 19, we have got six fundamental rights,

50:58 Samro Samro, if it was imposed on the ground of internal disturbance, sorry, that would not have been imposed at all, if an emergency is imposed on the ground of arm and security, then those six fundamental rights of Article 19 also cannot be suspended, okay, 19 means national emergency, understood, then come here, ah, on President's rule, okay, we can call President's rule as state emergency, it is imposed under two grounds and where are those two grounds written 356 365 65 356 365 356 failure of constitutional machinery in 365, state fails to comply with all the directions Given by the union, the union said that the state should do this, it is not doing it, the state, hello, why, white shirt, do this, it is not doing it, Amit Shah will say, impose it, just impose it, so it is a type of emergency, a white saree, Mamata Banerjee

51:46 is not listening at all, okay, emergency has been imposed, so this is what happens in 356 and 365, round and what is there in 360 and how many times has it been imposed, brother, how many times has it not been imposed, it has been imposed many times, where has it been imposed the most, where has it been imposed, how many times in Manipur, 11 times, I read it like this 10 times, no no, just now, in the recent times, emergency has been imposed, okay, so it has been 11 times there, okay and in Manipur, the maximum contribution is in UP, it was first imposed in Punjab and the financial emergency is in article number 370 or in 360 and it has never been imposed till date. Okay? So this thing has to be kept in mind. Now with respect to that, the statement is given here. And that is during a financial emergency the president can reduce what happens, it is the opposite of extreme keywords extreme keywords is all never none always these are extreme keywords these are generalized keywords can may might means this can happen

52:33 . The examiner is playing it safe. All right? Can be reduced. If he says must reduce always reduces then he will be wrong. All right? If the president was here then he must reduce. Arey bhaiya why should he do it? If the president feels so then he will do it. All right? So can he reduce the salaries of all government employees including judges? Yes. All right? He can do it for anyone. Now here you can absolutely say sir here sir all is there. Of course. If you apply logic here then it will be wrong according to that. Because this statement is correct. All right? 356 Percentage to Finance This whole question is very easy. Why? Because in 356 it is written that there is a financial emergency. And we know this thing, we know that financial Emergency was not in 356 but in 360. Wrong. And if this is wrong then it is your loss. The first one got corrected automatically. The second one, we just had to see whether it was correct or not.

53:18 Even if we did not know the first one, there was no problem. If you did not know, because many people may not know whether written and advice is required or not, we had not read it, friend, we had not read it. No, just focus on the three, the first one got corrected automatically. Okay? We just had to see the second one. The second one is also correct. Okay? Because it can reduce and it has not been applied till date. Consider the following statement about international ah sorry international institutions headquartered in ah ah different parts of the world. The ICJ is located in the Jean Switzerland. No ILO WAO WTO WMO all these are in Switzerland not ICJ where is it in The Hague Netherlands okay it is gone it is over okay there is no need to read it okay where is IMF where is IMF is in Washington DC absolutely correct IMF and World Bank both

54:03 were formed in Washington DC in 1944 in the Bretton Woods Conference in USA

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