Grade 9 - Music of Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Period (1st Quarter) (Part 1)

0:01 Hello students. In today's lesson, we will focus on the lesson from your music module one and module 2. Out of the five modules that you have, the main lesson for the first quarter of music is the music of medieval, renaissance and barack period. These are the first three periods of western music history. Each period has its distinctive characteristics, historical and cultural background. For today, we will focus on the music of the Renaissance period. Before we proceed, let's have a recap of the different elements of music.

0:46 The first element is called pitch. A melody is made up of high and low pitched notes played one after the other. Those are called pitch. This is how high or how low a note sounds. Second element is rhythm. This is made up of sounds and silences. These sounds and silences are put together to form patterns of sound which are repeated to create rhythm. A rhythm has a steady beat, but it may also have many kinds of beats.

1:34 Composition rhythm. Third is called melody. This is a combination of pitch and rhythm. It is pleasing series of musical notes that form the main part of a song or piece of music. Sometimes it is also called as the theme of the composition. Next one is called timber or timbre satagalog. This is the sound quality or tone color. Timber is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish between one instrument and another and the difference between vowel sounds. It generally refers to the

2:20 quality of a sound made by a particular voice or musical instrument. Another element is dynamics. This expresses how loud or how quiet the music should be played. Dynamics can change suddenly or gradually. If the music is getting louder that is called crescendo and if it is getting softer it is called decresendo. Crescendo and the crescendo are the two main dynamics in music. Next one is called texture. Texture is the word we use to describe how sound is organized.

3:06 Texture might be described as high or low depending on the pitch, as thick or thin depending on how many notes are sounding. It may be polyonic meaning you can hear many sounds, monoponic which has a single melodic line or homophonic meaning one voice stands out on top of a backing harmony. Next element is called tempo. This is the speed at which a piece of music should be played. It has four kinds. First one, adajio, a slow tempo. Second one, andante performed at a moderate or walking pace. Third, moderat

3:54 played at a medium tempo. And the last one, algro, a quick and lively tempo. The last element is the binary. Binary form has two sections A B. Then these two similar sections are repeated throughout the musical piece. Now let's go to the main topic of this module which is the music of the Renaissance period from the year 1400 to 1700. The word renaissance means rebirth, rediscover and revival.

4:40 For musicians, this is an era of discovery, innovation and exploration. Most of the music during this period were intended to be sung either as a large coral piece in church or as mandreals. Here are some of the characteristics of the music produced during Renaissance time. First, music are mostly polyonic. Imitation among the voices is common. Use of word painting in texts and music. Melodic lines move in a flowing manner. Melodies are easier to perform because

5:25 these move along a scale with a few large lips. There are two vocal music that became famous during this period. Mass and madreal. Mass is a form of sacred musical composition that sets text of the eucharistic liturgy into music and madreal is a secular vocal polyhonic music composition which originated from Italy. It is written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period. As you noticed mass and

6:12 focus sacred or religious musical compositions during this time it is more on church and religious music. Mass is literally the songs that were used in church mass or during Renaissance. Here are some characteristics of mass music. It is polyonic. It may be sung ac capella or without orchestral accompaniment. Text may be syabic meaning one note set to each syllable. Pneumatic meaning a few notes set to one

6:58 syllable or melismatic which means many notes to one syllable. Mass has five different sections. The kyrie which is the only section of mass with Greek text. Gloria credo sanctus and benedictus and agnos day. If mass is mainly composed for church music, madreal is a kind of social gathering music. Madreal is not for religious songs. It is mostly played in the Renaissance period whenever there is an important event or social gathering. In our time today, this is equivalent to

7:43 the songs that are played when we have parties. In Renaissance, that is called madreal. Here are some of the characteristics of the Madreal music. It is also polyonic like mass. It is sung in ac capella. It is thoroughly composed and it has frequently three to six voices singing in one song. Here are some of the famous composers who became popular during the Renaissance period. The first one is Giovanni Pierre Luigi the Palestrina.

8:29 He was born in Rome in the year 1525 and died on February 2, 1594. He is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of church leaders in the 16th century. His most famous composition is entitled Pope Marcelus Mass. Another famous Renaissance composer is Thomas Marley. He was born in Norwich, East England and he is a son of a

9:16 brewer. He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood and he became master of choristers in 1583. Thomas Mley was the most famous composer of secular music in his time. Some of his famous compositions are firefire my heart, sing and chant it, fantasy, April is in my mistress face, and it was a lover and his last. And that sums up the lessons for music module 1 and two. We will continue with the part two of this lesson in the next video. Please proceed to the next link posted in our Facebook group for the

10:03 part two of this lesson. Thank you for listening and see you in the next video.