History Of English Literature (Graeco-Roman Period) || इसके बिना Literature ज्ञान अधूरा है

0:33 Hello everyone good evening and welcome if the audio and video is clear to you then please confirm after this we will start today's session so tell me quickly that the audio and video is clear please reply to all of you without any delay please okay so I hope so guys that the audio and video is clear to you if you have come to the channel then you are subscribers if not then please subscribe and after this there is one more thing for you you can download the Literature Lovers App if you want to join any of our courses then download the Literature Lovers App

1:19 or visit our website ww.in from there you will see all our courses good evening everyone the audio video is clear let me check the audio once how fast it is going or how slow it is going just check the audio once after this let's go quickly otherwise later the children will come and say that the audio is absolutely 100% it is a very good thing let's start right so see in today's session we will study It is the Greco-Roman period, right? Lady, you have already read about the Greco-Roman period from me, okay, but let me tell you one thing that the

2:06 Greco-Roman period that I am going to teach you today will be a little different, it will be with extra information, and believe me, any literature student, if he is a student of English literature and does not know about the Greco-Roman period properly, then understand that his knowledge is incomplete because it happens, if you know something from the beginning, then it is a very good thing, and if you do not know things from the beginning, then it is a very bad thing, we can say this, okay, so let us start our studies, we are done with our work, so I have already taken this class, if you have not seen the chronology class, then please see, you will get the link

2:54 later in this, so see, when we talk about the Greco-Roman period, then basically we divide the Greco-Roman period into some sections, right? So, what do we have to focus on in this, I mean, we have to focus on the literature of We can call it Greek literature and Roman literature. We have to explore the literature of these two countries. What kind of literature was there, what they were, from where did they come, how did they originate. We have to focus on all these things in Greco-Roman literature. You can see this in the Greco-Roman literature. There is the Homer-Hero period. The classical Greek period, the classical Roman period

3:40 and the patriotic period, that is also known as the Hellenistic period. So this is your division of the Greco-Roman period. And now we come to the point directly. Let us first study about your Homer and Roman period. You must have heard the name of Homer. At least I hope that most of the students in the class will be familiar with the name Homer. Who was Homer? So guys, this is the Homer and Hero period. It is by the name of Homer, Homer was your writer who wrote two very important epics - the Iliad and the Odyssey. It was Homer who

4:31 wrote and this period in Greek history is considered as the Golden Age. The Golden Age for what guys, this golden period is considered for two things, for literature and for art. This golden period is considered for art and literature. Well, why is it called the Homer period and the Roi period? So, look, if I talk about the earlier period, there used to be a lot of fights and quarrels in the earlier time period. A lot of fights and quarrels used to go on continuously. You must have heard this thing, right? Yes, most of the Greek literature was oral information. And you will rarely know the names of the writers of this time period.

5:18 These are known to you. Eliot is the writer, sorry, Homer is the writer of Eliot and the writer of Odyssey is also Homer. This is known to you. Most of the literature was oral, guys. Okay, yes, you will find oral literature and that was private. Here, by the way, it is definitely said the most. That Homer is the writer of these works, right? Yes, this period was called Homer and Roe. So, this time period was called Homer and Roe. Why Roe because guys, look, many battles were fought. Many battles took place sometimes in the middle of this and sometimes in the middle of that. And even if you look at the Eliot, which is Homer's Eliot, that is also

6:04 based on battle, Odyssey. If you look at it, you can see the adventure of Julios. So here we get to see that these are Homer's Eliot and Odyssey, two works that belong to the classical period. And the subdivision of the classical period is into Homer and Roe period. Okay, after this, let me tell you what things are visible that get associated with Homer. Who was Homer? Let's know a little about Homer, right? Look, most people know about Homer. Homer was a Greek poet. He is called a blind bard. But now the question is that if he was blind, then who wrote it. Guys, we don't know who wrote it. But he is known as a blind

6:49 bard, bard means poet, bard means poet, and it is said that he was probably born in the time period of 12th and 8th century BC and he turned to major epics like Eliot and Odyssey, and which things were adopted from Homer in English literature, this is the major point guys, which are those things that were adopted from Homer, so look, there is one which we call Epic Simply, Epic Simply, isn't it? Epic Simply is also known as Homer Simply Horic and Epic Horic Simply is also called it or it is

7:35 called Epic Simply, so this was adopted by English writers, for example, Milton had directly adopted it, is n't it? Yes, Milton had adopted the epic style also, which is the epic style or the style of epic composition, so this also comes from him somewhere or the other. S T Y L E, so this which Epic style also comes from Homer. It comes from Homer and Milton wrote letters on and many other writers also wrote epics, so the epic pattern was inspired by whom, from Homer, isn't it? Well, this Homer Simply Simple, so many candidates must know about Homer, many

8:21 children must know about Homer, but what is this Homer Simply and Epic Simply, which is Epic Simply or Rick Simply, we can call it an extended comparison. It is a comparison of a larger level. I will give you an example of it, that is from Milton's Paradise Lost. So, you must have read Paradise Lost. If you haven't read it, it doesn't matter. I will give you an example. Here, the body of Satan, the body of Satan, that has been compared with L E V I A T H A and Leviathan is a sea monster. So, this comparison is a big comparison. It is a comparison of a larger level. Is

9:08 n't it a big level comparison we see, so this Leviathan, with what has Satan's body been compared, with Leviathan, Leviathan is a sea monster, you can say, or a sea beast is very big, it has been mentioned in the Bible as well and even there is a work named Leviathan, who wrote the work named Leviathan, please tell me in the comment box, if someone tells me, it will be a very good thing, yes and Satan's shield, the s.i.l.d. shield, which is Satan's shield, has been compared with the moon, the

9:54 size of the moon, the ruby ​​of the moon, has been compared with that, that is epic simply, this is what we call epic simply, if you have understood what I am saying, then it is very good, epic simply is what is called, that means a very big level comparison, see, comparison does happen, comparison does happen in simplicity, as like so is it, isn't it, yes or no, so the sealed shield, which is Satan's seal, so So it has been compared with the moon and the body of Chaton, so that has been compared with Leviathan. So this thing was given by Homer himself, so the

10:40 same simply that was adopted by the English writers. Got it that was adopted by the English writers. Well, the interesting thing is also that the works of Homer are Eliot and Odyssey, both these works are Eliot. Eliot is also an epic and Odyssey, both of these are epics, so in those epic guys, you will find a lot of references to the Trojan War and the characters associated with the Trojan War, you will find a lot of references to them in English literature, whether it is Ememo, Helen, Troy or Alice, you will definitely find such names, I will let you know guys, so the epic named Eliot is

11:27 based on the Trojan War, okay, this is the name Eliot. It is an epic of the same name so that is based on the Trojan war. The Trojan war was a similar war like the Mahabharata. It is something similar to the one in the epic of Elyot. So that is based on the Trojan war and the Odyssey that is based on the adventure of Julius Odysseus or the adventure of Julius. What actually happened in the Odyssey? Now I will tell you a little bit about the story and you will definitely get to know. Yes, look, James Joyce has also written a work of Julius that is a novel. Look, if you talk about Julius, then Julius

12:13 double s e s and Julius double s e s Ulysse, look, one is a poem, so the poem is by me, that is by Alfred Lord Tennis, Fred Lawton, Julius is a novel and the novel is by me, so this is by James Joyce, James Joyce, and the name of Disis is Ulysses of Disis, Osis, which is a Greek word basically, and it is called Julius in Latin, so Disis This is Ulysse. Okay, remember this thing, you should never forget this. This Ulysse here is based on tennis. This novel is not like

13:00 that. It is not the kind of story that you get in Ulysses, but here you get it. Yes, this novel is in that kind of pattern because your Osus, so Osus is divided into 24 books. And there is the story of Odysseus, who was the king of Thracian. Now you will get a little more knowledge about that. Sir, you never praise yourself. Otherwise, other teachers first show off and then give knowledge about what is praise. If praise is done by oneself, then it is not a praise. So, when someone else praises you, then you can consider it a praise. Now, if you praise yourself, then

13:48 what will be left to say? By the way, I also praise myself. Santosh, many times I praise myself. Self-praise is also very important brother. In this era, where you have to see your benefit, self-praise is very important. It is important, okay guys, I will talk to you a little about Eliot's story because it is a very important work and sometimes questions related to it are asked in your exams. So, Eliot guys, what is an epic? What is an epic? Epic is a long narrative poem, got it? Epic is a long narrative poem, which means it is a big poem in grand style, grander manner, which means the

14:33 narration is in very grand style, grand style, grand means it is of a different level, isn't it? Yes, so epic is a long narrative poem, grand style, grander manner, and the rest, its subject matter, that is, its main character will be of universal importance, got it, that character is of universal importance, so Eliot, this is an epic based on hmmm, so guys, there was a king named Egg Memnon, he was the king of Myson, so it is based on Egg Memnon, and along with Egg Memnon, there is a great fighter that

15:19 appears in This particular epic and its name is Akis. Okay, so it is based on Akis who is a fighter and apart from this, there is another main character here that is Ag Memon Ag Memon and apart from this, there is a leading female character that is Helen. So this epic is based on them, isn't it? Or the epic is divided into how many books? So it is divided into 24 books. See, if we look at today's time period or Milton's time period, so in Milton's time period, the ideal length of the epic was, so that was 12 books. How many books? You must have seen that Paradise Lost is in 12 books, is n't it? Paradise Lost is

16:05 in 12 books. Got it, yes, so Paradise Lost is in 12 books, but in this 24, the 12-book pattern that Milton has adopted, the 12-book pattern, so from where has he adopted it, it was from Virgil Virgil Milton adopted the pattern of books from there. It means that if I tell you one thing that John Milton was very intelligent, isn't it? Yes, John Milton was very intelligent. Now you will say how intelligent he was, Sir. He was very intelligent because he adopted some things from Virgil and some things from Homer and added some of his own. He was a very intelligent man, is

16:51 n't it? Yes, Eliot is an epic and it is in 24 books. And look, I want to tell you one more interesting thing here. You should remember this, it can be useful for you anytime. Most of the poems that will be associated with the classical period, listen very carefully, whether it is classical Greek period or classical Roman period, so most of the poems will be written in ductal hexameter. Please, most of the poems, whether Greek or Roman poems, but associated with classical period, will be found in ductal hexameter. Remember ductal hexameter. If you If ever a question comes in an exam

17:38 that the poem is composed in a particular meter and you do not know in which meter it is composed, then what can you do directly? You can directly select the dactyl hexameter and I think that will be the right answer for you. Okay, let's go Elliot is an epic guy, you will find many characters in this. This is the story of Elliot, so I think guys that this story should be in a separate video because here you will find all these characters like Akis, Hector, Amemo, Priam, Patroclus, Perish, Brisus, Charis, Odysseus, Ajax. And this battle of Elliot, which took place, so battle takes place between two people, two means basically it happens between two, it is

18:25 very important to have two parties, so this battle took place, so it was between the true two Troy and between Aeas, Troy and Aeas, okay yes, this battle took place between Troy and Aeas, rest this is the summary part, I will tell you. I will definitely deliver a separate summary of Eliot to you in one of the videos, I am here, you just have to stay tuned with me on this, let's go, in the classical period, there is the Homer period and the Hero period and the prominent poet and you can say the poet of the period and the father of the period was Homer and Homer had written the work Eliot and Odyssey Eliot is all about the

19:13 Trojan War and it is about the war that took place in Troy and then we have Odyssey so that is based on Disis, it was the journey of Disis, actually Disis means Odysseus is Ulysses so he also fought in the Trojan War, that means he also fought on whose side, on behalf of Amemo and after fighting he was going back, he was the king of Thaka and he also persuaded Akis that Akis let's fight in the battle, if Ulys fought then why did he fight, he fought for his name Like he used to fight for name and fame, there are some people who are thirsty for name and fame, that type of thinking is there, so if there is a separate

20:00 video, then I definitely reached you with a complete summary but in detail because look, it is very important to know about this work, then guys another period which is a subdivision of classical period, so that is the classical Greek period, after Homer and Roe period, your classical Greek period and what were the things in classical Greek period, understand that as well, look, in classical Greek period, you have heard the names of many writers, look, one you must have heard, you must have heard small stories, like you must have heard the story of the aunt and the grass hopper or you must have heard the story of the rabbit and the turtle, you must have heard the story of the race between the rabbit and the turtle, definitely guys,

20:46 you must have heard, the one who invented them was as there was a writer, there was a Greek writer and the name of this Greek writer was Ash and Ape was famous for moral He used to write fables from different types of moral fables and those moral fables became very popular, so if not for moral fables then guys you must have heard the name of Plato also if you are an English student or you mean you must have heard the name of Plato somewhere then you must have definitely heard the name of Plato. So Plato was the man who wrote a work called Republic and in Republic he was imagining about

21:33 an ideal republic, what should an ideal republic be like, guys, is n't it? Yes, what should an ideal republic be like? So Plato wrote the work Republic and in this work he made a very big claim, is n't it? Yes, he made one claim and what was that claim, that was that poets should be banned from an ideal state. He had said that poets should be banned from an ideal state and for your information I would like to tell you one more thing that here he has compared Homer's work Eliot. He had targeted Eliot. He had targeted Homer's

22:19 work Eliot and what did he say that the homework work Eliot is, so in Eliot what can we see that what things do you get to see in Eliot, look Eliot is such a work in which you see a character like Ales and Akis is a kind of personality who fights only for bloodshed, who called Cleis a war monger by Plato and targeting Homer's Eliot, he wrote Poet should be banished from an ideal state republic, he said all the things that poets should not be given any place in the ideal state, even if I tell you that criticism of Plato is a complete chapter in UG C net which we have to read, even now it has come to you in D Table SB,

23:05 so it has to be seen in Deal SB also, Socrates ga see Socrates did not write anything, by the way Plato wrote only the things of Socrates, why see because Socrates had the same disciplinings as Plato Disciple was Aristotle and Aristotle's Disciple was Alexander. You must have heard the name of Alexander, right? Alexander and Sikandar, right? Yes, Alexander and Sikandar, right? So Socrates was whose guru was Plato's guru? Plato was whose guru was Aristotle's guru? Aristotle was whose guru was Alexander's guru. Okay, so this was the story of a guru and his disciple. So this

23:51 Socrates was an expert in rhetoric, whatever he used to say was oral, so that was compiled by Plato and Plato completed his entire philosophy, yes, and the views given by Plato, so Plato in Republic, because his work is called Republic, Ion, and other works are there. Just wait, I will give you a complete list, after looking at which you will feel that yes, these questions keep coming in the exam, right? So this Plato, so who countered Plato? Aristotle and Plato was the founder of the academy. Plato was the person who founded the Academy. Academy was a centre of learning in Athens where a lot of

24:38 people would go and study. Even Aristotle had worked there for a long time. And later on Aristotle was thinking that after Plato, perhaps he would get the place to lead the academy. But unfortunately, after Plato, someone else got the opportunity to lead the academy. And guy, because this Aristotle was there, Aristotle had to leave from there due to some reasons. Then Aristotle had to leave from there. Aristotle then started teaching. He became the teacher of Alexander the Great. So he became the teacher of Alexander the Great. Actually, my view, yes, from where Aristotle belonged, the

25:25 people there considered the people who later became the head of the academy to be a little wrong. I remember it a little blurred. That is why I am not able to explain it very well, right? Yes, so guys, Aristotle had written a work called Poetics and another work called Rhetoric. These are the two important works. Aristotle had talked about tragedy here – tragedy as well as comedy, epic poetry. And here, Aristotle had talked about what Plato had said – a poet should be banned from an ideal state. So, Aristotle said something else. Aristotle said, no, look, poets don’t do that. He said that poets, so what poets do is they

26:12 purify our emotions. Aristotle’s definition of tragedy is that tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of certain magnanimity in form, in form of action, not of narration through pity and fear, arousal of these emotions. So, Aristotle said that what is the function of poetry? It reveals to us, isn't it? Its function is proper reflection. And what did Plato say that poetry, according to Plato, what does it do to us? It corrupts us morally.

26:57 Based on education, based on morality, all of this corrupts us, isn't it? Yes, the date of history does not have to be remembered from here. You have to remember the date of history further. Actually, you have to remember these things here that all these are the originators, see, like you see Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles, Aeschylus, Sophocles. S and Euripides, so this is tragedy, these were the great tragedies, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, so like Aeschylus is known as the father of tragedy, we consider him the father of tragedy, right? Yes, the

27:42 father of tragedy was Aeschylus, Euripides also wrote, Suffolk also wrote, right? Yes, they wrote Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, they also wrote many plays, I am going to show you too, you will get to see them, then guys, look at the classical Roman period, which was the Greeks, so the writing etc. was there, the Greeks did very good writing, that is, Homer period, so Homer was there, then we have classical period, so Plato, Aristotle, Aeschylus, Sophocles and apart from these writers, other writers were there, after this, guys, all these techniques of the Greeks were there, so many of these techniques were adopted by the Romans,

28:28 right? These are many techniques from the Greeks. Who adopted the Romans? So after the Greeks, we called them classical. That's why we study the Roman period. We study the classical Roman period. Yes, Greek culture gave way to Roman power and when Rome conquered Greece in 146 CE, Roman literature was a depravity towards the Greeks, more specifically Athens. So what happened then? What the Romans did was that they attacked the Greeks and after the attack, they conquered them. After winning, these people learned a lot from the Greeks. They

29:13 learned a lot from Athens. So many of the Roman playwrights, Roman poets, did some writing. So, for example, if we look at playwrights, so plus Terence, plotters, and Terence, these are your Roman writers. Like your Greek writers, so Menander is Aristophanes. I am not writing Aristo, Aristo, and Menander was Aristophanes. Or he was a comedy writer. He was a Greek writer who wrote comedy. etc. were written, right? And

29:59 Plot and Terrance are Romans and both of them are Greek, so first look, Romans wrote from Greek, then the Romans adopted it, Ovid was there, Ovid has also written very interesting works, Ovid has written Metamorphoses Poetica and Art Poetry, and this is the period, the guy classical Roman period, when king August Caesar ruled in Rome, and this was the time period of August Caesar, so this period is of imitators, in the neo classical period you find the Augustan period, it is an imitation of this period, the English Augustan

30:45 period, you need to understand my point at a little deeper level, if you have understood Greek at a deeper level, then it is a very good thing, is n't it? Yes, so look, Ovid wrote Metamorphoses, Versil needs to see, like Homer wrote Eliot then Odyssey, and the story that follows after Odyssey, so that can be seen in any A E N E I D OK, the Trojan war happened, so when the Trojan war happened After Troy was completely destroyed, Need was left. So what did he do with the Enid empire? He established the Roman empire. So in Bargil's Enid,

31:31 you can find the story after the Trojan War in Need. Well, from where your Trojan War, that is, Eliot, ends, the story after that comes in Need. Isn't it? Yes, then there was another writer, Guy, what is his name? His name was Quintilian, Quintilian's Institute Oratoria. He wrote a work, so different kinds of works that were of the classical Roman period were very influential. [Music] Omar, I will show you a complete list of works. This will be the complete list of

32:16 works of the Patriotic period. And look at the time period of the Patriotic period. If you know about the Patriotic period, then the Patriotic period was the period when Christianity was spread, Christianity was spread throughout Europe and then gradually Christianity also spread everywhere. There was a work called Guy's Confessions, on Christian doctrine, on the Trinity of the City of God. So, you must have heard of a work called Confessions, Confessions, f e double s i o n Confessions by St. Augustine. This is considered to be the first autobiography, isn't it? The

33:03 first autobiography is considered to be of St. Augustine, isn't it? Well, I will show you all the important works. Look here, okay. One by one, I will tell you about each work. Listen very carefully, okay, guys, there was a writer, and what was the name of this writer? H e s i o d. Well, look, let me tell you one thing that there might be a difference in my pronunciation, how to pronounce it correctly and what I am pronouncing it, because brother, I am just an Indian and a Hindi speaker, right? So, Hessian was a writer, and he wrote the work Theo Gani T H E O G O N

33:49 Y Okay, Theo Ghani wrote this work. This work is very important. Very few people know about this work, but it is very important. Guys, Theo Ghani is a poem and whatever about Greek mythology, because the Greek legend, Greek mythology, that was only orally spoken by someone. Someone heard it and then he told it to someone else. So, the oral mythology was compiled by Theo Ghani. I mean Hesian was the writer who did what mythology did, he collected it. I mean, all those who know about Greek mythology, we know who is Judas, who is Posa, Eden, who is Dees,

34:37 or we know about Helen or all the Greek mythology figures, so that was written by Hesian. He wrote about mythology, about different mythologies and different mythology characters, and whatever Hesian had written, many of these were imitators, so yours was one of the writers. Of metonymy, it is quite famous and this was composed

35:24 by the poet named Sappho S A P P H O Sappho, then there was a Pindar Pindari, who was a Greek poet and he originated the Pindaric ode, who is known as the originator of Pindaric ode, so Pindaris was like the ode that you read, there are many types of odes, you read many types of odes, you read many types of odes, there are many types of different types of odes, so if you read different types of odes, then there is Pindaric ode, Horace's ode, and which other odes are there, which is called Pindaric ode and Horace's ode

36:12 and there is another ode of the modern time period, oh irregular road, irregular road, okay, Pindari code is also called regular road, Pindari code is also known as regular road, then after this there is Rasian ode and then after this there is irregular road, irregular road, right, yes, so See Pandar originated the ode. Ode is a form of poetry. Ode is poetry. The meaning of ode is that it will be a praise of whatever topic it is written on. You can say that it is a praise song, like Ode to West Wind, Ode to West Wind, it will be a praise of the west wind,

36:58 right? So in Pindaric, these three steps are very important. They are asked in different exams. So, in Pindaric code, one step is strofit staff and the third one means epods are the elements of Pindaric code. Okay, now you will start saying that Kavalya node etc. are different, right? So Pindari code, trophy, anti stuffy and epod, so these are the three steps that he defined for ode and ode is basically a song which is called chorus, meaning chat. Then it is Homer's work Eliot and Odyssey.

37:44 I have told you a little about it, right? Yes. App App fable different types of moral fable became quite popular, Plato wrote Republic, Ion and wrote many other works but Republic that is most important for literature students and Aristotle so like Poetics and Rhetic, two of his works and Poetics is one of the important work for all the literature students because here you see when you go to give exam, there are many competitive exams, then sometimes somewhere he asks you about hammer sia, somewhere he asks you about peri patria, isn't it hammers or papat agnor sis, marcia papia agnor sis and also like what does catharsis mean,

38:32 all those terminology that is asked, all those terminology is found in Poetics, is it Aristotle's, or did you understand this, strophie is right to left, this is left to right and this is standing still, means where you are in your place, so you are still standing still, so this is the third step, pod, did you understand trophy right to left and this anti stuffy is left to Write and import has been done standing still these three steps are also asked in the exam what is their meaning okay yes Aeschylus has also written Aeschylus one of the prominent Greek trajans

39:17 and his work is Ag Memnon the life passion and udies is e u m e n d i e s udies okay so Aeschylus is famous for his work Rustia Trilogy Ostia Trilogy Rustia Trilogy was written by Aeschylus and Ememo the life burden and um nities these three in this the meaning of trilogy is that what do you find there you will find three works and their story is inter related okay so Aeschylus wrote and the trilogy is okay and the Ostia Trilogy which is based on Ag Memnon and who was he Agmamol

40:06 so Ememo actually in Gaius he was a king of Mayan where was he the king he was the king of a place named Mycenae and Agmmol Usus M E N A L A U S and Minla Usus were the ones who got Helen married to and who was Helen so Helen was the daughter of Lead and Juice okay Helen was the daughter of Lead and Juice have you ever read a poem by Lead and Juice lead and swan got it lead and swan lead and swan if you have ever read the poem or haven't read it then please it is my request I have taught it on u so do

40:51 read Lead and Swan once so that battle was fought for Helen only the battle of Troy was fought for Helen only okay yes Urip Urip's works were not very famous there was very limited fame of Urip after this see which other important poets are there like Sopho Clees Sopho Clees guys he is known for his works named Dip Rex and Dip the King okay he is known for his works named Dip Rex and Dip the King and if I talk about Dip Rex sorry should I talk about Sopho Clees Known for the Biann Trilogy, they are

41:38 known for the Biann Trilogy, why is it called the Biann Trilogy, so guys, the Biann Trilogy is named so because all the works, all the works are set where, yes, so all the works are set in that place, so that's why it is called the Biann Trilogy, okay, I pass there, I pass at colon, okay, so all this is the Biann Trilogy, yes, yes, all these poets are classical Greek and Roman, like Sophocles among them, he is Greek, your Greek playwright is

42:26 Aristophanes, The Clouds and the Wasp, this is a very famous work and guys, this is associated with old comedy, there is a question in the exam, who is associated with old comedy, so if someone asks from old comedy, Aristotle's important work The Clouds and the Wasp was asked in NTS NET exam, this there was a question based on Aristophanes net exam the clouds and the wasp these are the two works and is associated with the old comedy and also known as the father of comedy so look, I told you about the father of tragedy so who is your Aeschylus so Aeschylus is known as the

43:11 father of tragedy remember one thing kid, Aeschylus and Alis both are different don't mix them up I get confused many times that between Aeschylus and Alis so Aeschylus and Aeschylus and Alis these are two different names and two different characters as well Aeschylus is a playwright and Aeschylus was a great warrior a Trojan warrior you can say okay yes so this is Aristophanes and the father of tragedy Aeschylus Aescus which I just showed you here this is your Aeschylus who wrote Ag Memnon the Lib Barria Rustia Logy okay

43:58 remember then there is another name Gaius and Mein and Mein Ander is known for what, so this guy is known for new comedy and Aristotle is known for old comedy. For example, if you are the father of history, you must have read the name Herodotus. Herodotus is known as the father of history. So, this guy is associated with which time period? It is associated with the classical Greek period. Herodotus and Theda Ides are associated with the classical Greek period. So, these are also your

44:46 historians. This historian is Theo Crites. Look, his name is often when you read poetry. So, in poetry, you see a pastoral poetry. Pastoral poetry is a kind of poetry which is a natural setting, isn't it? Yes, it is a natural setting, isn't it? So, that is called pastoral poetry. The metonymy of ode, this guy is Roman. This guy is your Roman writer, isn't he? So, which work did ode write? This is their metamorphosis. If you read metonymy, the metonymy triples. There is a prescription in SV's

45:32 exam and it is a very big work called Metamendi Ars Poetica Ars poetica is also known as Art of Poetry and Horace gave many terms to Guy Horace gave many terms which became popular and after becoming popular there is a lot of terminology that was adopted by the

46:20 different writers, right? Yes, so Horace's work is Art Poetica and Art of Poetry Alexander Pope adopted this and based on its pattern Alexander Pope wrote a work, what is the name of the work Essay on Criticism, like it explains how to compose good poetry on the same way what Alexander Pope has done in Essay on Criticism, so he was talking about how to write good criticism, talk about how you can write good criticism, Virgel has written Guy's Need and this is Virgel's Needless to say, it is divided into 12 books and by Virgel that it is divided into how many books,

47:08 so 12 books are there and this pattern of 12 books was adopted by Milton in his Paradise Lost. Milton adopted this pattern of 12 books and wrote and 10 eclogues eclogues are also there by Virgel. So Virgel has also written 10 eclogues. Quintilian's work is the Institute Oratoria, the institution of orate. So look, in the classical time period, a lot of prominence was given to oratory there, a lot of oratory was the most prominent, that is, earlier in oral literature, writing was not a part of it, so whatever things used to happen, studies, etc., they used to happen orally,

47:54 through stories, so this Institute Oratoria is the work of Quintilian, there is a work of Pluto, Lives, have you heard of it? If you kids have read about Plutocracy, that means kids who have read William Shakespeare, I think all the candidates have read William Shakespeare, right? So those who have read William Shakespeare, the Roman plays written by William Shakespeare, so the inspiration for his Roman plays is Lives by Plutocracy, this is the work which is the source for Roman plays. For William Shakespeare, these are Lives, that is why I say that if you do not know this period well or do not know which

48:42 writers came and what they wrote, then things will get messed up, so Lives, don't you remember, Seneca's revenge tragedy is known for revenge tragedies, so Seneca 's revenge tragedy pattern was adopted by English playwrights and even the very first English tragedy that is by Garbodren is because Seneca originated something new and this pattern is the pattern of revenge tragedies, the pattern of revenge tragedies is No, Seneca originated it and that was adopted by English playwrights. So look, the first play is

49:27 called Garbodren Porex and it was written by Notton and Shakwill, they have adopted it, right? They adopted it directly and after this William Shakespeare also wrote it. Okay yes then you must be seeing the name of this play, Plot Plus, so Plus wrote the work Manak Me M A M E N A E C H M I M A Guy, which play of William Shakespeare is the source for? If you know, then you will tell me in the comment box after my class ends, right? You will not tell me now or you will tell me. Whatever it is, so Manak Me is the source for one of the plays by William Shakespeare, which play is the source for,

50:13 you will tell me that, I am not going to tell you, yes and then one of his works came out, The Ux Plotters, and we hear the name of Terence and what is this guy known for? Known for comedy, like here Aristophanes, these Greek comedians. In the same way, Plotters and Terence are Roman comedians. They are Roman comedy writers, right? Yes, they are Roman comedy writers and are associated with the comedy of the Romans. Yes, so Plotters and Terence are the ones who wrote it. So, look, the work that you are

51:00 seeing is associated with the Greco-Roman period. All the works are very important. It is not that all the works are not important. Somewhere or the other, you will find the source from here and the source from there. There are many other things that I have just taught you. It is possible that I might have missed many things. I have tried very hard to teach you well, but many things get missed even after teaching. Now, like the beginning period of Greece, the Arche period, I could not understand there that who wrote what in the beginning, any civilization that starts anywhere, yes, with Roman comedy or the Roman comedy written in the Roman civilization or the

51:47 Roman empire. So the writers of these were Plotters and Terrance and the English writers adopted Plotters and Terrance only. Let me tell you one interesting thing here that where did it originate, that is, the main beginning, so the main beginning was started by the Greeks and the Greeks were adopted by the Romans and Romance was adopted by the English. The English did not only adopt Romance but they also adopted French, that is, they adopted the pattern of France also because what happened was that the Renaissance started from Italy and then all around Italy, so if you see, you will find Italian influence from the Italians in England,

52:36 you can also see French influence on English literature. Now why did this happen because look, you should understand one thing that England or Britain, England, which was first kept under the Romans, the Romans kept it under them, after the Romans, then the tribes came, the next classes will be there, so in the next classes you will get all the information like Angels When the Saxons and Jutes came, they dominated the region. The Vikings and the Goths etc. ruled here. The cults here were the original inhabitants of England, the

53:22 Kells. The Angels, Saxons and Jutes themselves drove them away from here. So the influence that you will find in the literature of England is of the Romans. And then what happened after that, in the time period of 1066, the French rule came over France. So, you will find all these influences in English literature. Why? Because England was once a slave. Did you understand? Yes, you will find French, Roman, Italian, Greek influences? Did you understand correctly? Not French? First of all,

54:09 Greek, Roman, French. No, say Italian. You can say French. So, you will find all these influences in English literature. Even the words of the Greek language, the words directly from the Roman language, the words of the Italian language, or directly from the French language. Word guys you will find in English language because when English language did not exist, when English language did not exist, then you can understand that when English language did not exist, then a new language was created by adopting all the words of other languages, it was just dialect, this is the later of which my classes will come because in the next class I will teach you Old English Period or

54:57 what we will call Anglo Saxon Period Anglo Saxon Period and Old English Period, so in Old English Period or Anglo Saxon Period all these things will be clear to you, did you understand, yes I hope you liked the class a little bit, there was just one thing which I could not teach you, I regret a little, if I had taught you this thing right now, it would have been even better for you or you should read it, please I will request because see the work is very important, this work of yours is Eliot and Odyssey, so you must read about Eliot and if you are not able to read about Eliot, then you can watch a movie, okay, which movie will you watch, so the one

55:44 named Troy Watch the movie, if the low light also goes off then you do one thing, watch a movie named Troy, okay, Troy o Troy is a movie, T R O Y, so do watch the movie named Troy, if you watch the movie named Troy, then definitely you will get a lot of knowledge, okay, are you understanding my point, yes, rest if you were new to this channel then subscribe, if you are old then stay continued with me, watch the movie named Troy, rest I will try to make you teach this in any upcoming class,

56:31 if there is a power cut, then the digital board is good It got closed due to a knock but thank God it got closed on time, okay so thank you so much, bye, take care if you have any other confusion or want to know anything else, then stay tuned, ask me in the next class, right? Yes, search for Troy movie, if you have the source, you can watch it from there, okay, so thank you so much, bye, take care, good night, we will meet in the next class, we will talk there again and this will be about our Old English period and Anglo Saxon period, good night, take care, take care of yourself