뇌는 기억을 이렇게 만든다 I 기억력 높이는 뇌과학적 방법

0:00 People usually think that our memories are stored in a specific memory area in the brain and then retrieved. There are many people who see themselves unable to remember and worry that the storage function of the brain is deteriorating. That is wrong. Memory is not a specific memory. It is not stored in a region. The brain does not remember like that. The reason why the brain needs memory is to survive in the evolutionary struggle for survival. It has to remember predators that could eat me, and it has to remember situations and places where life is in danger. In order to increase your survival rate, you have to remember how to maintain your body's energy well. So the way the brain remembers is not by using only one sense, but by using all of the body's senses . For example, when you recently ate the most delicious food. Think of a time when

0:46 you ate it. It's not just the image of the food that comes to mind. It also reminds you of everything that all your senses felt, including the smell. In addition, it also reminds you of where you ate it and who you ate it with. Also, under what circumstances you ate it and how you felt at the time. It comes to mind. Memories that are tied to places and time, such as the things we experience directly, are called memories. How can the brain trapped inside the skull know the situation outside the body? The brain must mobilize all of its senses so that it can remember certain events as accurately as possible. I can predict what is happening and what will happen. I mobilize all my senses, including the five senses, including sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, as well as proprioception, which senses where my body parts are, and interoception, which senses internal organs of the body. For

1:36 example, when I eat food, I receive all information about my body, such as the shape of the food , the taste, the sounds I heard while eating, the texture, how I was moving my body when I was eating , how my heart was pounding, and what my blood pressure was. And depending on my emotional state at the time, Our created emotions are also stored. By using all of our senses in this way, the brain can infer as accurately as possible what is happening. All of these elements are woven together into one unit, converted into neural signals, and made into a single pattern, which is then formed into a group of nerve cells. It is stored in the brain in the form of a neural network. If you observe the brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging when recalling a memory, various parts of the brain are activated at the time when the memory is first recalled, and then at the moment when they match an activation pattern similar to when the memory was created. The brain stops and the subject says that he or she remembers.

2:23 In this way, memories are not stored in a specific place , but through a neural network that is wired and fired while using all senses in the entire network of the brain. In other words, memories are stored in a different place each time. But if we think about memory, we've all had the experience of remembering something just a few tens of seconds ago and then forgetting it. For example, while talking on the phone, the other person calls you a phone number that you need to write down, but when the call ends, you remember the phone number. I don't remember. Remaining conscious in the present state and remembering this moment is called working memory. Working memory is human memory now. It cannot stay even a minute ago. For example, while watching this video, you can hear sentences like what I am saying. You are listening while remembering it momentarily.

3:08 You hear the first word of the sentence and keep remembering it until you hear the last word. That is how you can understand. This is working memory. But you have already heard all the sentences I said at the beginning of this video several minutes ago. I don't remember exactly. Working memory varies from person to person, but it only lasts for about 15 to 30 seconds. Working memory is the first gateway to memory. Information cannot stay in the working environment for long. We constantly see, hear, and think every moment. When new information enters working memory, old information is pushed out and disappears. Working memory is short-term memory. So, among the numerous information that has passed through working memory, which memories become long-term memories? In order for short-term memories to be stored as long-term memories, they are stored in the hippocampus of the brain. You have to go through a place called The reason scientists became clear about the hippocampus

3:55 was because of Henry Moll, who removed the hippocampus to treat epilepsy. This person, whose hippocampus was missing, could not make any memories into long-term memory. He only had the memories before the surgery. He lived his life with only about 30 seconds of working memory. Although this man lived an unhappy life, thanks to this man brain science made one of the most amazing discoveries in history. The hippocampus turns short-term memory into locked memory. Sometimes, this is how amnesia occurs. You may have seen stories about the protagonist of a drama having this problem, but have you ever wondered why he forgets his family but remembers how to eat or how to drive? That 's thanks to the memory imprinted in the body called muscle memory. In fact, the muscles It is a term created to make it easier to understand, but not remembered, in the brain. This

4:41 is connected to an area called the basal ganglia of the brain. When we perform each physical movement in succession, it is grouped into one neural activity pattern, and if we keep repeating this, the movement improves and the memory improves. Because muscle memory is not related to the hippocampus, even Henry Molison, who had had his hippocampus removed, was able to learn to draw. Even though his drawing skills improved every time he drew the same picture, he said it was his first time drawing a picture like this. Also, muscle memory can be recalled without conscious effort, so anyone who rode a bicycle a lot as a child will be able to ride again in no time, no matter how much time has passed. Even when you read the subtitles in this video, you can read the subtitles without any conscious effort. You can read by moving your eyes from left to right. It is advantageous for humans that the brain unconsciously processes muscle memory in this way.

5:27 Already well-practiced movements move in an automatic mode, and the brain performs high-level tasks such as thinking, imagining, and deciding. Because we can focus on our activities, we can talk to the person next to us while walking or think about other things while driving. As we know, not all memories are stored. The information our senses receive is so vast. This is because, even if we assume that we are awake for only 16 hours excluding sleep time, our sense organs work without resting for 57,600 seconds. The amount of data is mind-boggling. If you remember all of this, your brain will use too much energy and your body will lose energy. In order to manage our energy budget, we try not to remember everything, but only what we need. So, among the working memory through the hippocampus, only

6:14 the information that captures our attention, has meaning to us, or stimulates our emotions is stored in long-term memory. In other words, in order for us to remember well, we must pay attention, create meaning, or create emotions. Humans also have much more complex memories than other animals. Semantic memory is where we store learned knowledge and facts about life and the world. Semantic memory is a memory that deals with information . For example, I store and retrieve the information that the Earth revolves around the sun as semantic memory . I do not remember the situation in the school classroom at the time when I learned this information. As time goes by, I remember the anecdotes. This is because it has faded. Likewise, you may only store some knowledge as semantic memory, and when you acquire that knowledge, you will probably not remember this memory. Semantic memory is very important in modern human life.

7:00 It's true, because you have to study whether at school or at work, you need to study and memorize repeatedly in order to maintain semantic memory for a long time. Rather than cramming to remember a lot at once, it is more effective to memorize little by little. Scientists call it the spacing effect on memory, and it is more effective to remember. This is because time is secured for the information to be completely consolidated in the hippocampus. This is why I don't remember anything I crammed for before exams in school . Neuroscientist Lisa Genova explains in the brain science of memory that in order to store memories well, you must be careful. In other words, it requires conscious effort. For example, when we are traveling somewhere in a car, countless people, buildings, and signs pass by outside the window. Among all those things, we see places that look like delicious restaurants, for example. You can later remember

7:47 only the things you paid special attention to. Things you don't pay attention to are not stored in long-term memory. On the other hand, there are times when you can remember things well without making any special effort. We remember things that were special to us or that had special feelings. We remember for a lifetime, and these memories are called flash memories. Memories of success and failure, memories of moments such as love, separation, marriage and divorce, birth and death are remembered better. The secret is emotions and unexpectedness. Emotions and unexpectedness are in a part of the brain called the amygdala. Activates and the amygdala sends a strong signal to the hippocampus. At this time, we are able to remember information in detail. We remember clearly and vividly, such as where we were, who we were with, what day it was, what clothes we were wearing, and how we were feeling. However, in normal cases, We often forget memories. In order to recall something we cannot remember,

8:33 we have to think from the brain's perspective. In other words, it is best to return to a state as similar as possible to the moment the memory was stored. The brain uses all the senses at the moment the memory is created to integrate it. Since you store your memories, you can make them as similar as possible to what all your senses felt at that time . This is why memories from that time come back more easily when you go to the neighborhood you lived in as a child. Even if you can't actually go there, try to imagine that time as much as possible. Memory doesn't know any better. At this time, it is important to use all senses according to the flow of time and context. The brain has used all senses to store memories. The interesting thing is that our brains use signals from the interoceptive senses, which are internal to the body, even though we are barely conscious of them. Because it is stored together, memories are more likely to come to mind when the internal state of the body is the same as when the memory was created.

9:19 For example, memories created while drinking coffee are remembered more easily when drinking coffee, and the same is true for memories created while drinking alcohol. However, this does not mean that alcohol is recommended. Alcohol is fatal to memory because it impairs brain function. Alcohol damages the hippocampus and prevents short-term memories from being converted into long-term memories. Therefore, if alcohol is consumed in excess, short-term memories are not stored as short-term memories and memory becomes impaired. Memory is not everything we have, but memory is so important in our lives. There are many people who suffer from memory problems. To remember better, pay attention, look at it carefully, associate it with yourself, give it meaning, and change to avoid monotony. Give, repeat, repeat, manage stress, eat good food, live long enough, exercise, and think positively. The results of the experiment showed

10:05 that people who considered themselves to have poor memory and heard a lot of negative words said a lot of positive words. Both memory and physical abilities showed poorer results than those who heard it. Our memory works more efficiently when our self-esteem is high. Please like and subscribe to give me the strength to create better content. Thank you.