Philippine History in a Nutshell, Part 3 (Filipino National Consciousness and the Reform Movement)

0:00 quickly okay hello so as we mentioned last time um we will this is the second video so the first video was we ended with the process of the earlier pricing so reasons um that that part mentions that um the natives during the Spanish period did not really just welcome um the Spaniards they did not just allow them to do the things that whatever they want to do in the colony there were early pricing in fact we staged more than 100 revolts and at pricing already but all of those were not really successful the fact that the Spaniards were able to stay in the country for

0:47 more than 300 years so now let's try to discuss the factors that developed or delayed development of Filipino national Consciousness we made emphasis last time that the reasons that the earlier pricing was not really successful because they have actually failed to realize that they have common grievances caused by the common enemy the Spaniards during the time so here um we can say that they were there were Uprising there was resistance but it wasn't successful you know because it was so fragmented they have different reasons doing it and then the Spaniards were also using the divide and Rule tactic to us so they were so successful

1:34 in doing that um geographically so here you have three factors that delay development of Filipino national Consciousness so well now we have the Philippine geography with this small state of transportation and communication that was my passport requirement but absence and absence of a natural language a Philippine geography and a Dismount state of transportation and communication in the Philippines is an archipelago we are basically surrounded with Watchers and we have different mountain ranges we have rivers and lakes within the archipelago so with that um geographically speaking it's really hard to Foster the kind of unity that are very ideal uh to really have a

2:23 stronger strength to overthrow a colonizer unfortunately our setup will not allow us to do that as much uh geography and this one state of Transportation Communications it's what's hard also to communicate and like we have today um it's easier for us to communicate last as long as we have internet connection or phone signal you can really communicate but during that time remember we're not talking the 21st century this is this we're talking about 17 18 particularly in the subject we focus on the 19th century so these are the factors that delayed your Consciousness not then of the Filipino national Consciousness and then aside from that um to really discourage the people to

3:09 travel the colonial government imposed the requirement of passport we only need a passport if we have to go to other countries but during the Spanish period to discourage the people to travel they really impose passport requirements you're gonna just move around a room around if you want to because you need to get a passport and then aside from that absence of a national language it was only during the Commonwealth period during presented in Manuel Quezon that we actually started to have a national language so the Philippines we have more than 100 languages though we have a major languages but we have more than 100 languages so that's why by Nature

3:56 Filipinos are multilingual not only bilingual most of us in our class can speak at least three languages and then with that so these are the factors that actually delayed the consciousness of Filipino national Consciousness during that time according to to there are still eventually these are the factors we have seven here that help develop um the Filipino national Consciousness so you have the opening of the Philippines International Trade then you have the rise of the middle class the impact of European liberalism then the racial Prejudice um securization controversy

4:41 um and the execution of Gomez Burgos and Zamora or known as gombosa so here as you know this is like as I always mentioned it's like a domino effect but the Philippines was open to International Trade A lot of changes going on um this was also the time where maraminama colonies under Spain who also opened or who also declared independence was actually in Mexico that declared also Independence so during this time the 19th century the Colombia the Spanish government had actually no choice they really needed to open the

5:26 Philippines to international trade for more revenues but they're looking for a Holland they were actually looking where to get not more revenues especially in the middle and in a long situation so the Philippines was open to international trade and then as I mentioned it's like a domino effect participate but the Philippines was open to international trade maraming and um they were able to enrich themselves because of this trade so um with that once how they were they able to participate on this trade so dito since more ports were open so more participation were needed so

6:17 um this was also the time that the Swiss Canal is open um this is I know a canal where it can allow for a days of travel going to from Asia going to Europe shorter so because of this um days of travel going to Europe made shorter and then it allows also a lot of things of development developments at Europa a parallel when the Philippines is open to international trade and then because of that can add this

7:04 number two you have the rise of the middle class you can see that day there's only upper class lower class well I'm middle class middle class even they enrich themselves with the participation of the international trade now there was a terrible discrimination because many Filipinos who were able to participate in international trade and the example of the many of them became wealthier espanol but because they were not Spaniards Hong Kong middle class so they were still looked down by espanol so with that there was the rise of the middle class from this group of

7:51 people they were able to send their children not only to the best schools of Manila but even as far as Europe so and since the education some of them even proven that they can because not at far some of them are even brilliant than some of the Spanish classmates so because of that and with this rise of the middle class sending the children to different universities impact of European liberalism so during the time in my ideas about equality fraternity and liberty or so I know was so popular uh

8:36 particularly during the French Revolution development it was easy to creep into Spain and since we were a colony of Spain and there were shorter days of travel from Spain going to the Philippines in Europe in general because of the Swiss Canal so all of this because of Education saying it's only through education the mother nation receives life but that's why um he keep on encouraging people to really study and educate themselves and then because of that Manila not all the

9:24 ideas and most of the books also about this um liberalism in Europe because of the education that they got so many of them could already speak Spanish French Latin and other European languages impact because they were the open absolute of all the love because of the knowledge that they were able to access because of the education and of course they were exposed to okay and then because of this racial prejudication discrimination the French Revolution the liberal ideas done about equality

10:19 at some point and yet you are still discriminated and not acknowledged by who you are what you can offer you are still considered as a second class citizen racial Prejudice I don't think if Yuma middle class to Young if they were just treated so well with the Spaniards or the Spanish government in the Philippine Colony I don't think they will initiate uh call for reforms but since they were not given the respect that they believe that um they are um uh the respect that should be given to them so they really wanted to alter the status quo they want to gain their

11:04 um they want to gain their or they're paid under the sun aside from the racial Prejudice military controversy during the Spanish occupation my manga secular So when you say seculars and some of them actually not pure Pinoy and then merely more regulars amen

11:59 so with that eventually item securization controversy actually liberal the governor general Maria De la Torre but I mentioned earlier that they have this liberals versus the conservative the conservative believe that they want to keep a tradition the institutions the kind of structures that they used to have liberals they want more participation from the people they kind of want to change the status quo and then hispania um

12:46 so it happened Torre that he initiated a lot of reforms uh by the way I forgot to mention now it says or behind or very supportive about the secularization controversy you know giving more opportunities and yeah opportunities to to you know to administer the parishes we're actually supposedly Gomez and then this group of people this group of Friars they actually find friendship in this liberal governor general Governor General in fact

13:33 governor general at the time in fact he abolished censorship yes he abolished censorship and then he allowed people multiply is actually how to overthrow them so because of that um he gave a lot of privileges to those to the people especially those who work at the graffiti Arsenal some of them were given exemption to pay taxes some

14:21 were given exemption to render forced labor so aluminum even the taxation given being given a certain privileges now okay um for now you don't have to pay taxes at some point rendered a horse neighbor so actually though not everyone was given but particularly those who work at the Cavite Arsenal but unfortunately for Carlos Maria De la Torre in this governor general if I remember I mentioned in the first video that at some point um there were times structure that

15:06 um sometimes it's hard um there were times governor general so it also happened to go to you know to go to governor general Carlos after um roughly two years that he was in the Philippine Colony conservative so he has to go back to Spain and then be replaced by a conservative governor general so the one who replaced him was actually Raphael de cuerdo he was the complete antithesis if it's been complete opposite of what diratory was doing to my privilege obligated

15:54 censorship so all of those you know situation but it triggered two number seven you have the the Cavite Mutiny and the execution of combosa Gomez Burgos and Zamora so the complete meeting is um during the notorious time they were given some privileges and some of them because of the results who was opposed to the secularization and secularization which is a number five

16:42 um they find consigna Gomez in the name of the new governor general a very conservative governor general in the name of um Rafael De espuerto um behind it are actually sympathy Gomez Burgos and Zamora because of that it leads to the execution of the three priests now you might be wondering factors that help develop Filipino national Consciousness because I'm

17:29 contexto during this time when these three priests when they were executed in bagumbayan which is present-day luneta Anoka said it was for the very first time that many people coming from Dubai the Spanish use divide and Rule tactics so but this is the first time roughly 40 000 people went to bagumbayan to converge and we test the execution and witness the execution did I remember

18:14 Jose Rizal in his second novel El filibusterismo he mentioned that had it not been of that event I could have been a Jesuit so that event that he mentioned was pertaining to February um 17 1892. oh no sorry February 17 1872 so that was a day that the execution of these three priests Rizal wasn't there but his older brother pasiano was very close with Padre Burgos was there so that event and in fact disability when they see this kind of crowdame so they tried to reach to

19:03 so some of them retreated to really secure the location and other offices where the Spanish officials were but foreign but it really created an impact to a lot of people what happened to the execution is

19:54 when they were executed so when they were really executed as a priest so they realized that if they continue to fight and initiate reforms in the Philippine Colony their lives would be sooner so because of that that's the reason why they decided actually to really have result was encouraged by his brother to really go to Spain not in the Philippines so I have to fight for reforms is actually Young government in Spain itself so that's why many of those young ones who wanted to initiate reforms for the

20:41 Philippine Colony decided to go to Spain yeah now let's have the reform movement the reform movement at all um the very objective of the reform movement was actually assimilation do you know what's assimilation about you do you're making the Philippines a province of Spain so the reform movement did not actually one there did not initiate that for Independence they just simply wanted Filipinas will be given the rights and privilege of a Spanish citizen Espana

21:27 and then but it's not easy to to get that kind of a no um they have to do something so uniform movements advertisement advocacy today's official newspaper of the reform movement using their pen names because they cannot actually reveal their identity because

22:22 who is actually from Iloilo um he was the one who wrote fry buttered so but it's a hiligain term which means we exposes um and then they felt like they were being ridiculed in public or public shamed so without they wanted him to be arrested um so to escape arrest he went to Spain in the next editor-in-chief was the Marcellus del Pilar he is a consideration he was a medicine student amongst the Marcellus was actually a law student and then um

23:11 [Music] and he wrote it in Filipino in Tagalog Filipino language wrote it in Tagalog so that for him he wants to be easily understood by the audience that he wants to send a message they wanted him to be um they wanted him to be um arrested and again to escape arrest he went to Spain so it sounds ironic diva is but they had to go to Spain to escape so this is also one of the reasons um why this reformist middle class NATO

23:57 why they went to Spain or why do you want simply to become a province of Spain they say according experience living in Spain you can actually say something against the government you can initiate for reforms Alexa Philippine Colony if you say something is it will be executed or you'll be imprisoned so it's not so safe to do that but in Spain they're more free to do these things Espana so they just want this kind of government now some are colonies reform is these are the group people who believe in the power of the words not of the sword that mostly members of the middle class

24:42 middle class NATO so then we roll the middle class so usually to my middle class they can compose among a Spanish mestizos in my natives now who wrote position and eventually became leaders in finance and education authorities look down upon this middle class the moment belong to the Inner Circle it is the Philippines but though both of them are full-blooded spanners but peninsulares they felt like they are superior than the insulators but anyway basically most of them are Spaniards Tapas it's also mentioned in your

25:29 handout that um priors 1870s were actually insularis at some point my mestizers but in the beginning the term Filipino had a racial and elitist connotation but eventually so at some point at that time it was like a new paradigm but anyway so dito Amari great reform is nothing uh three groups formed between nucleus of the movement of the reforms the first group assume suspected including you macriolas and Spanish mysticious in the wake of the Cavite of

26:16 1872. um about it and then the second group was composed of young men to Spain for studies again into more information three groups form the nucleus the movement of the reform so uh foreign [Music]

27:15 against the government so they were they were executed in public it's objective of the Spanish there is they actually want to strike Terror to the minds of the people if you try to do against do something against us so this would this will happen to you because I didn't understand that's also the reason why they executed in public if you did what they do you will also end up the same so again the strike Terror to the minds of the people and then um

28:09 was the first editor-in-chief followed by um del Pilar so unfortunately for the reform movement they were not really able to get what they actually wanted um began when they wanted to become a province of Spain in the united Filipinas is

28:54 so these are some of the reasons um Philippine Colony so they were preoccupied with their own internal problems so Hindi language we're so influential even don't say Spanish authorities and then lack of funds eventually they say in the first few years ago are very active

29:44 Filipinas and reform movement so lack of funds that even the Publications I um they have different opinions yeah I mentioned I think I did mention it my Monday Wednesday class that it's actually hard to put um together in one room I know Visionaries and sometimes

30:30 they want to do something but they want it but they want to do it differently differences of opinion I say most all of them were malalake so Nissan is actually about God then of course personal ambition so these are some of the factors it really played a big part in how the reform movement for move forward so if there is lack of unity differences of opinions pathy jealousies and personal ambitions um it would really you know it would really

31:16 um effect that I know the outcome of the reform movement the results the the ties That Bond them together so hopefully we'll learn from these lessons that you know if you are in advocacy trying to do something hopefully you will continue you will aspire to have that Unity if there would be differences in opinion hopefully you'll know how to navigate how to you know agree to disagree I don't know what to how to do that at the jealousies hopefully you know also help to deny ourselves and forwarded by the movement is bigger than you so try to you know let go of

32:04 your ego sometimes and then think that something is bigger than you you're doing this because you know you try to swallow your pride because the movement is bigger than you the cause is bigger than you and personal Ambitions yeah hopefully we also know how to set it aside for the greater good and then but um but um the propaganda had limited influence for United they wrote in Spanish because the audience that they want to reach was actually the the government officials in Spain

32:51 pero anadita is a pronounced effect on the revolution it provided the Revolution and ideology the reformist was able to awaken the the people that was propaganda because the propaganda wrote where accurate reflections of reality a feeling of empathy develop among the people so the articulation of feelings of oppressions heightened the further of

33:36 the people this is but reading from what the reformist was writing this kind of writings was the same with my experiences so with that um I'm not alone with this experience through this narrative through this um it reflects how I feel it reflects of how I what I experienced so since the failure led to the founding also of the Revolutionary Katipunan which separatist aim in a way therefore we can say the reform movement was also a success

34:24 so young Reform movement um when Rizal arrived um in his last home in his second homecoming he actually you know in your handout you have the La Liga Filipina so he organized this but it's a very short-lived organization he organized in August July 3 1892 but he was ordered to be deported to the beta on July 4 1892. 00 for them um so what's next so with that um

35:11 somewhere and they decided it to be in the Titan and then so since we learn as a result a secret revolutionary Society the objective is to overthrow the government and they will take apart Filipina um

36:00 they can still continue with the reform movement um still the same mindset with the reform movement making the Philippines a province of Spain through peaceful means but with this you know a new chapter a new and a revolutionary um organization emerge from data from the reform movement reform movements revolutionary or the secretary revolutionary Society so with that what do you success now Revolution

36:45 the reform movement can also claim that success because it's because it's simply influenced how the revolutionaries or how the revolutionists also think so yeah we will end this recording up to this one and then we will from the third video we will have um the live video would be about some of the works of Rizal and let's try also to discuss a little why he actually considered as one of the foremost among the National Heroes so thank you and see you in the third video thank you