Rain and clouds || Lecture 6 || Parmas sir ssc 3.0 Geography || Geography

1:22 So hello everyone and good morning to everyone I hope my voice is coming out proper It will happen once we confirm it to everyone today So our topic will be atmosphere Today is our first class after a million So today our topic will be that wood be atmosphere and water in the atmosphere that is what we are going to see atmosphere and what is present in our atmosphere it's about water that's water Lecture is very important because in this What are you going to read about Atmosphere One I check it once in a while on telegram Second G okay so in this lecture we Those who study the different layers of the atmosphere What are the different layers? After that in the atmosphere we will read how much What is the percentage of water present in

2:08 present in the form then we will read the hydrological cycle in which we Evaporation, condensation and precipitation give you It must seem good, but you won't read it In condensation we have different types of We will read clouds in precipitation If you read different types of rain fall then this It is a very wide topic and a very important topic This is from your exam perspective and this is very important It is very important especially for those students for which in other exams like CDS etc also means CDS exam CPF exam is also going to appear in I am going to appear for SSC then It is very important, I am telling you that their For you it is very important If it goes then let's start first First what is atmosphere and different Atmosphere is made up of layers of atmosphere what is atmosphere it is an envelope of gases it is an envelope of gases what

2:55 There is an envelope only for gases, not just gases aerosols now what is an aerosol other than You will know this is chemistry when We will study different types of colloids It's all dust particles, it's smoke it comes into your atmosphere but mainly it We call this the envelope of gases because what we mean by a habitable it's a planet we can live in The atmosphere is on hold who is holding the atmosphere The atmosphere is on hold The gravity of our Earth is the reason why why in our sense you need atmosphere Many more such things can be seen There are planets in which there are no planets at all the region has equal atmosphere because there there is no gravity but just There is no atmosphere just because there is gravity If its atmosphere gets generated from somewhere then its If evolution has taken place then that is what we have to study

3:42 how did the evolution of this atmosphere take place That means we are different in the atmosphere composition of gases now Everyone will read that oxygen is carbon how much is nitrogen dioxide We will see in percentage now but this Where did all the gases come from in this particular above the earth surface it's ok we please Bilingual will definitely be bilingual yes thank you for 1 million abhi class pe focus we will do it okay so our evolution which How our atmosphere evolves This is how it happened, how did it exist in the first place Place where did this atmosphere come from Three Stages of Evolution of the Atmosphere How many stages are there? Which is the first? Stage is D gasping sorry what am I saying for the first time This is the stage, it is written here, this is the first

4:29 The first stage is our loss primordium Fear Loss of primordium sphere now if we look at this If we talk in hindi then we can say this how the initial environment is lacking Earlier there was atmosphere when the earth knew how many It was made a year ago, everyone please comment will tell you when our meaning was made The atmosphere which is today's atmosphere There was no hydrogen in it then, and This was helium, this was what we got from the Sun Solar flares come from the Sun which solar flares The flares came very strongly, what did they do what did they do to that particular atmosphere to the atmosphere that existed before Around the Earth's Surface featuring May Lee He had all these gases - hydrogen, helium

5:15 He removed those solar flares from here which at first meant very much their effect There was too much of it on our earth surface or then around the earth surface which is our atmosphere was present in it, the first one which The atmosphere was existing and it suffered a loss then what happened in the second step Degassing Degassing Degassing means the removal of the gas get this what is this you are looking at a Volcano will wait a second

6:06 okay so first of all what happened loss of Primordium fear happened i.e. atmosphere The one who was assisting us has gone away After degassing happened, degassing means gas the release of and where did the gas come from okay from the volcano now this is what our today Volcanoes are present on the surface of the Earth much more than that much more than that When was the volcanic activity at that time? when our earth surface was formed when our Earth's atmosphere was forming right now What is the age of the meaning of our meaning? I've already told you when it was made what i just asked you i hope everyone People must have given the correct answer and that is 4.5 billion years ago 45 billion years ago this If this is the age of our earth then at that time when our If there was any meaning then there was a lot in it

6:51 There was volcanic activity at that time Because of this there was an outpouring from within him and We had read that when volcanic activity takes place If there is only magma or lava outside It doesn't come out very well with him What comes out more, gases come out and when pyroclastic debris comes out, this The gases which came out from inside came here Different types of gases in our atmosphere me and they were fixated on it or Then his mud modification was done by di in the living world living world like our plants so what did the plants do our process of photosynthesis through that is our particular atmosphere gave birth to So these are the three stages, the first stage is Loss of Primal Atmosphere means our initial

7:37 atmosphere was the drawback, the other was degassing That is, we can call it the Earth's gases from the hot interior to come out and what is the third thing, the living world what can we say about this living world Modification done by That is modification by the living world i would write this am here for modification By Living world ok modification by the living These are the three stages of our world Now let's look at the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere. Our Earth's atmosphere has now become us We are going to see its different stages Layers of not stages different layers Different layers of earth are going to be seen Our atmosphere is different

8:22 Layers starting from the Earth's surface from troposphere which we call in Hindi Troposphere is called stratosphere that is, the stratosphere, the meso sphere, that is The thermosphere is the mesosphere which we call the ionosphere. We call it sphere or ionosphere and then here it comes Egosta, no one even has any doubt This is the thing I explained to you What are the different stages of meaning Jain sir of atmosphere time is short and my 14 videos are done, I will make MTS up to 20 please reply to 4 of pva for There is exam on 20-29, there will be 14 videos do it till 20, yes do it till 20 and the last Take 2-3 lectures which are Piva's series. and its multiple revisions are allright We will have further classes of PC batch now You know I already told you Aman There is a little bit in the pen tab that Sir has

9:09 Problems had come and that too the most Probably yours from next week, next Monday Classes will start, okay, alright No Sir okay so now let's come to our different Earth's atmosphere has layers Let's read them one by one from this The most important layer is the one that Its lower layer is what we call tropo Known as sphere or troposphere they understand why this is most important it is most important because it is first The thing is, we live right here, we live right here It is obvious that the Earth's surface We live there and on the earth's surface The first layer is that is tropo Sphere here means tropos region of Mixing tropos means the region of Mixing because there are different gases here

9:55 There is a mixing of this, that is why we We call this the region of mixing or tropo This is also known as sphere because It is important because all seasonal events That's all the weather phenomena that happen here weather events like it has rained now You will read the different ones which our Iporen All condensation, precipitation happens here are in the troposphere, that is, you can understand it like this Look at those clouds that are forming for you, It's foggy in winter your rain All this is happening in the troposphere this happens all with the phenomenon tropo how far does the sphere go i.e. if its If we talk about thickness, how far does it go If it is then its thickness varies depending on the ruffle from you can assume that if we take the average So it's 13 and if we talk about it, then 8

10:42 Its thickness ranges from 10 km to 18 km or her height goes from 8 to 18 why does it vary it is less on poles 8 km at the poles and 8 km at the equator or Mediterranean 18 km on the line so now you know the poles What are the equators, what are the poles, your 90° North 90° South and Equator means 0 degree that Line that divides your meaning into two equal parts Why is it that this is dividing tropospheric sphere which is for example if i draw you here then how it is If wood looks like then we accept it as ours the surface of the meaning is okay and this meaning On the surface, I assume this is the equator, and These are polls so yours will look something like this tropopause what is tropopause this is what green

11:28 there is a line right this is the tropopause the tropopause that line from where to where the troposphere is it ends and the next layer begins If it is about atmosphere then look here Here it is till the bottom, meaning not till the top it is very high up here, that's why I It was written that it is 18 km on the equator and 8 km on the poles kilometer what is the reason is that It is very hot at the equator I told you why all these things happen it's telltale sign and all these things are at the equator because it is very hot here The convection current still develops up to the top Let me explain the convection to you as well You have already read about convection current and more yes please tell me the convection current i have told you And where did you teach about convection current what is that brother this is heat transfer We should know the heat by now

12:13 I did not tell you, now you know that the hot There is wind that rises up and cold air goes down When she sits down, the hot air goes up and becomes cold The air is going down so in this way the whole This cycle is called convection current It is said that this convection current reaches very high it goes because it's very hot here It falls more in the equator so it is above 18 km it goes on poles it goes up to less I will keep one thing in mind till today I did not see the question in SSC but If you ask, it will be a very good question What will happen is that the tropo pose there is temperature, the temperature is Age is lower at the equator compared to the poles Well, we know it gets cold at the poles There is constant snow on the poles, at the equator But it does not snow much at the equator It is very hot but if we go into tropo If we talk about POS, then its position is at the equator. The temperature is -80 degrees Celsius, whereas at the poles it is - 45

12:58 The reason for this is that there is a degree The tropopause is high up in the equator The height is upto and as we go up the temperature what happens happens Temperature Decrease On Moving Up in tropospheric or should I also say I can tell that temperature decreases with height If we go up in the troposphere Why does the temperature decrease? Does it decrease according to the rules? so if this is our earth surface then here But where does our heat come from? It comes from the sun. So when the heat comes from the sun, it is above the norm The temperature increases as we go up should keep on moving forward but not so much It is not simple and straight forward Then what is the concept of heating

13:44 To understand this, first understand that Understand the composition of gases Gases are very simple and straight forward So just need to memorize it a bit You know that nitrogen is the most important chemical in our body. Present in the atmosphere that is on 78 Oxygen is 20%, Argon is 0.9% and Carbon is dioxide is 037 but it is the most You have to remember the composition very carefully. You don't have to remember it like I told you 78 21 0.9 and 036 or else 037 Just keep this in mind and if you ask Which pie will consume the most inert gas if it goes then it is organ then after that neon What is inert gas, we will know this in chemistry I will read it okay I know so okay no So it doesn't matter if this is the composition of gases it is in our atmosphere so it is called region Of mixing proposes means the same thing

14:30 region of mixing remove this what should we say We are going to discuss this matter We are going to discuss why we should go up the temperature doesn't increase, it decreases y Temperature Decreases in the Troposphere on going up in the tropo sphere the reason for this This is the answer in the atmosphere I write that the answer is because we are atmospheric because R tropospheric or else let me I'll write down atmosphere in general, okay? okay our atmosphere is where we live Mainly i.e. tropospheric heats Up Due to terrestre Radiation Terrestre

15:16 Radiation and Not insulation what does it mean our the atmosphere is where we live tropo Sphere Vo Terrestre Radiation Caused by there is heat i.e. what is it on terrestrial will say terrestrial radiation okay so terrestrial Heat becomes hot due to radiation, not heat due to insulation Let's understand what insulation is what is What is insulation insulation is then the insulation stands for Incoming Solar

16:02 Radiation is insolation and terrest What is radiation, this is our meaning the surface is okay it's Sun from here on which part of sunlight is capturing the earth It is called insulation, which means it is very dangerous. The portion of light that the heater emits the meaning of its radiation captures it As much part as insulation or vice versa of solar radiations that reaches the earth They say insulation after hitting this it goes back it's called Terrestre radiation what is this thing it is terrestre What is radiation called in Hindi?

16:47 terrestrial radiation is ok terrestrial radiation what is this this is insulation got it Why is it so that our atmosphere which is the envelope of gases For example let's assume that I am from Yellow Yellow This is how I am drawing our atmosphere then why is it that this green line It is not the insulation that causes the heat to escape but it Which is the purple line i.e. Terrestre addition causes heat what is the reason the reason is that some of our gases in the atmosphere These are the gases which we call greenhouse gases. such as carbon dioxide is co2 as well as on water ways This is everybody's habit, this is a very bad habit

17:33 The bad habit of these people is that this short wave For radiations that are of short wavelength If there is radiation then it should be OPEC Sorry transparent are transparent This means that they allow someone to come and go they don't stop them or tease them but For those who have long wave radiation OPEC is there, they say if you come then you are ours You were there as per our wish, how can you go as per our wish For example, let's say there is CO2 here, what is this? insulation this is short wave radiation so Because this is short wave radiation, so know go away we are transparent for you Take it when it hits, this heat is coming now It will be daytime, when will it collide and go back at night because at that time sunlight comes If it is not there then it happens at night Terrest edition means during the day your

18:19 The heat that comes and the time to loose the heat If it was night time then it would be night time In Terrestre radiation this is happening now this terrestrial ray because it is in the long wavelength form These radiations are of long or large wavelength is as in the long wave length form what happens mainley be careful These are infrared radiations Radiation that radiates from your TV remote comes out and if we talk about insulation So in this there are invisible people like you there is light, there are visible rays If there are ultraviolet radiations then these these are short wavelength and These are long wavelength infrared so for long wavelength because there is OPEC So when it goes then it will get heated when it goes long wavelength radiation terrace radiation then These people won't let him go, they will capture him

19:05 We will take it and heat it, it will heat itself So because of that the atmosphere gets heated up. it will go because when this radiation will happen So the one that is closest to the surface of the earth It is closer, it will be hotter, it will be less, it will be less If it is low then it means the temperature increases when it goes up. temperature the temperature will decrease Decrease now insulation is also insulation depends on different factors if Let us talk about what insulation is Incoming Solar radiation and terrestrial radiation are also some It depends on the things, those things we but this insulation and Terrestre radiation is the heat budget Let us tell you what is the budget of money In economics also we will read that budget is like this It is like we read budget in economics

19:51 the annual financial statement which It is said that this is a combination of race and expense There is a statement that shows how much income was earned And how much did it cost so insulation is like Income Terrestre Edition is Like Expense Like if I talk as much as I can about it Insulation comes let's assume it is 100% As much as the meaning is coming close to the meaning in this So let's say at 30, the cloud louder than this there are clouds they are reflective and then they chase you away, get out of here and who 70 remain but he reaches the surface of the earth and from this also from this It gets reflected through what we mean You can understand this from outer space It got reflected from outer space It got reflected at 30 and what remains is at 70 Our clouds etc. are fine in this They will either absorb it or reflect it we will do whatever is left of our atmosphere

20:38 Atmos means upper atmosphere, that is absorb it will reflect the meaning till the surface means till the surface only it reaches 23 on 23 whoever gets what he absorbs it now How much will it absorb and how much will it reflect that will depend will determine the elbow of that particular surface How much is albo what is albo It happens that which surface covers how much of the earth is reflecting So now you should know this thing, Our earth surface is not that simple And straight forward means it is not like that yes there is mud everywhere Most of the earth's surface is covered with water Now you will read about it, you will get so much water

21:23 So you will know from our earth surface on 71 It is water, whatever land there is, land in it There isn't this much of me, it isn't like this everywhere It is mud brother, if there are houses built somewhere there is a roof, there is a road, there is asphalt, so that thing it's what we call asphalt okay If your ice is frozen somewhere then every Each surface has its own reflecting power we call that reflecting power albo if you assume you have an albo That means you can measure as much sunlight as is coming in. you are reflecting completely if your 0.8 is that means it is at 80 i.e. it is at 80 and the insulation reflects light made the most of the fresh snow is this question now in CHSL or in that I asked in I think CPO what about sea ice

22:10 How much does sea ice weigh Fresh snow at 35 is old at 80 Everyone needs to remember Snow at 59 There is no CI view of Old Snow etc. Take 35 of fresh snow for 80 Rs. and it's all yours No need to memorize fresh snow and sea ice Just look at the art of Ocean and Lake the asphalt that is there becomes less What is asphalt, it is the same thing that is used in roads There is more asphalt lying around albo sorry and very less albo happens There is very little elbow that means most of the Absorbs part reflect does very little If it is clear then these are your things this happens Albo ok so now I understand this thing Let's see these factors affecting Insulation as I described it means The surface is not exactly the same everywhere

22:57 Sunlight gets reflected, it is very uneven Same amount of insulation everywhere The first thing is not received in its full sense so the earth is not flat what is its shape Tell me about this in the comment, it is same everywhere Insulation cannot be plus it is titrated plus this is tilt plus many more factor in that our insulation It depends like the first factor if we if you take it then that would be transparency of Atmosphere Transparency of Atmosphere what does it mean that our atmosphere how transparent it is and how much OPEC is like for example today I am I take it, there are many clouds in me The atmosphere is very cloudy and very Let's assume that there is a lot of fog in Delhi because there is too much pollution in the Will the sunlight be able to come or not will it be able to come that much Will that much insulation be able to come or not

23:43 So this is the transparency of atom atmosphere the second is the length of day length of day how now You have read that during summer time The days are getting longer, the days are getting longer Tell me when is summer solitus and when is winter solitus What is it like at this time, the days are getting shorter It will seem shorter from now onwards This will start happening, that is if there is less sunlight Insulation will be less, simple tilting will do He is also responsible for the meaning when these people I explained to you about seasons etc. I told you what Tilt of the Earth is This is how insulation affects 6 months, days and 6 days are because of the tilt The concept of month and night remains frigid frizzled jan in jan you know 66 a 1/2 Beyond 66 1/2 degrees North South Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle Beyond that it is called frizzled mass, this mass koi here 6 months day and 6 months night

24:29 It remains fine because of the tilt of the earth it would have remained the same if there was no tilt This doesn't happen here either, day and night It would have been fine had that much insulation not reached But if that were not there then the tilt of the earth would have been very does it affect how does it affect we had read the whole thing when we were on his revolution Was reading Earth's Revolution in the elliptical orbit around the Sun okay so this thing is fourth position of Earth Relative to Sun Position of Earth Relative to the Sun Now we know that when our This is how the Earth revolves around the Sun So let's assume that there comes a point Our sun is fine and this is our meaning So there comes a point when it becomes most meaningful. K jo sorry earth is closest to our sun happens and there comes a point when the most If it goes away, what do we call it? Tell me quickly and what do we call this And on which date does it happen then it is obvious

25:16 when our earth will be closest to the sun Then more amount of insulation will be received And when it is far away it will be less than when it is near If it happens then we call it pass from P P to Peri Helium Now Sour okay perihelion and when is it closest When is the Third of January and when is it celebrated let's say AP Lian okay AP Lian says it is called apsar in hindi and this It gets rough on the 4th of July so here's AP There will be less insulation in the iliyan than in the peri liyan The rotation of the meaning will be more Somewhere the amount of insulation Affects how much insulation is received if it happens then these are different factors which that affect the amount of insulation How much insulation, how much solar radiation, Earth will be received okay like if we talk

26:02 It also depends on the top like The lower lattu is our equator It is very hot around here and It is less hot here, even less This is the reason why there is a different climatic People come out to us so here you are You can also buy lattu here You can also take altitude if it is high There is altitude, that is, high height Lattu means latitude or latitude Like this is 0 degrees latitude so here pe insulation is received more then and It is less here in temperate areas even that means it's a little bit of a fact meaning if I take a little bit and inside this there is a The point and the deepest entrance is that from the equator More insulation just above the equator and Just Below the Equator More here Insulation happens as compared to in the

26:48 equator if on the equator region being that There is a lot of cloud formation here It happens because of that cloud at the equator If the insolation is not that much then Just about just below there's a little bit of a The amount of insulation increases It also depends on altitude i.e. height If it does, then there are many factors on which our amount of insulation It depends even if someone has any doubt So there is no problem then we move on to our next layer Most of the things were in this what you had to tell me okay and this is what The thing that happens is that this greenhouse of ours there are gases which we call green house gases just told you this heat traps this whole phenomenon it is called greenhouse effect And because of this, global warming is ok like videos on parmar

27:35 Vaki Prajapati works here only and not on Parmar if life is recorded there then This is what is called the greenhouse effect And this is why global warming is happening What is global warming? Our actions Look at the greenhouse effect happening because of we take with a negative connotation but there's nothing wrong with that either If there is no greenhouse effect then we This thing cannot remain in meaning makes Earth habitable because if it CO2 and water will not trap heat gases like vapor so because of that all the heat it will go away and when the whole heat is gone Here the whole ice will remain frozen on the earth and we can't stay but what happened is that Because of some of our actions we are causing a lot of CO2 emissions. The intake is too high in the atmosphere They are increasing it due to which the temperature is increasing has been the atmosphere of our earth whose because our glaciers and all this The ice caps are starting to melt

28:21 It is over and the water level is rising Because of which our island countries It is like this which is surrounded by water on all sides They are surrounded by a lot of dangers now The bell is ringing as if in Maldives etc. This effect of global warming has been discovered What do you think is greenhouse effect? why are all things clear temperature It happens, you understand, but it happens sometimes The reason behind the decrease in temperature as we go up is This happens is called temperature inversion We can say the inverse of temperature or okay that means what should happen The temperature should decrease as we go up But temperature inversion is needed what happens when Forest Temperature Increases in spite of my sorry heart

29:10 day and night decreasing on on going up that is when we are in tropo When we go to the sphere, instead of the temperature decreasing it increases, it is called temperature inversion why does this happen and for this What are favourable conditions usually like? you get to see it in polar areas the polar areas which The areas around our poles Countries like Norway, Finland, Sweden But we would have seen more there is as compared to the equator or if it It is not that it is only seen there Equator can also be seen in equatorial areas. who gets it like we do here in India It is also seen but why does this happen If they understand first then they will understand it themselves It will come so let's see when it happens

29:55 I just told you that our meaning Atmosphere heat is not caused by this because the insulation that's coming in is absorbing the heat This is due to long wave radiation which that there is terrestre edition so now this is terrest When does the edition take place? It is fine during the night it happens at night time now if we assume It is a very long night, it is long and long When does night come in winters, we can accept it It's the long winter night, a very long night yes it's a very long night you can do anything You can study a lot in this long night Well then in the long winter night What is that the whole heat is gone its okay now in this What is this that is the entire surface of the Earth So what happens on normal nights now In normal nights this is what happens which means this heat is escaping

30:42 The sun is coming out again When it was morning he started coming again But what about in the Long Winter Night? happens the heat is completely dissipated and The layer that is closest to the earth's surface what happens this is totally cool goes down because in the sense exactly there is no heat left so through the process of conduction that is the trend call it in hindi If the conduction happens, the earth's surface gets heated up If it is so then our sorry cools down And whatever our meaning is, this is the meaning of it This heat which is the first layer of the earth This is the reason why this happens during the process of conduction. through he part of the earth surface which part of

31:27 The layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface is in direct contact i.e. conduction That means two things are needed for conduction to take place Contact is a must like you saw this beaker it's getting warm okay it's getting warm and The heat is getting hotter here there will be transfer and then you will get heat transfer If you hold it, it will be heat When is the transfer taking place when both things are If there is contact then it is called conduction when Such cells are developed that it's a worm thing like we're heating it up then the hot water should be put down first It will get hot so this hot thing will rise up so this one will go up this cold one will go down Then when it gets hot it will go through convection For convection and radiation we speak No particles are even needed that this can happen in a vacuum as well

32:14 There is only one more that happens when I tell you When I teach you Loo, I will tell you about advection there Advection is the horizontal transfer of heat is ok when i teach loo or else i will turn on loo We are fine, then I will teach in North India. Horizontal which is the transfer of heat we call it advection okay so now You understood conduction and convection for this I should get the major part which is ours heat is generated by convection This is how the atmosphere got heated the layer will go up then the colder one will come down But what is just in contact is conduction Because of this there is heat, now there is a long winter What will happen at night, the heat will go away And this coolness will prevail here It will get cold, cold, cold, very cold cool coolness is fine in the long cold nights so this because when you go up here It is very cold, it will get lighter as you go up You will feel a slight temperature increase

33:00 Why will there be an increase because the heat is high she has already run towards and she has just gone upstairs She is resting here in all her heat If it came out then because of this the conduction made it cool If you gave it to the layer near you then you would call it brother you have increased the temperature Imagine a long winter night if it gets too loud If the wind blows, the warm air will come here Cold breeze above, everything is so messed up Apart from the roadblock we have a handy and stable Environment is also required i.e. work and Stable air is needed, otherwise what should happen? mixing will happen and the third one we I want a cloudless night, there should be no clouds I want a cloudless night I want a cloudless night The night should be cloudless but there should be no clouds

33:45 What is the problem with the clouds? These are clouds. What will these clouds do? They will send it away They have a lot of reflecting power What will these clouds do? Send the heat back If we give it down then it is the temperature inversion one you will not see the phenomenon like you did You must have observed that day in winter It is not so cold that day when it is cloudy why does it happen because the heat is The clouds reflected the meaning again has started sending it to the surface so this There are three things to keep in mind during temperature inversion Do you understand temperature inversion? happens now let's come to our next layer that All these things are in the stratosphere You understood the troposphere and all things are cloudless yes ok how thick it happens I told you th to 18 and if If he asks you about your average, you are very good at maths I know how to calculate the average amount immediately How much will it cost to travel 13 kilometers It will definitely come for JE, definitely FRB

34:32 Wala Help Will Perry be in Hellion Jain then Summer will be there Why does it happen because the sun is close? Earth The applet gaming just shows that You are taking your first lecture today. you did not take the previous lectures ok now you You are asking so I'll tell you but I I request everyone to join today You are requested to please attend the lecture See in continuation, that is why I said it first I told you the other day, okay, you didn't know this If you have seen the lectures earlier then you would ask Where is it? I told you the reason for this is now I am deep into it cause now how come here Because we did not like that picture cause if you can understand then understand Well the reason is that here in India It is hot in July it is cold in July There is cold on the entire earth surface in January

35:17 it does not fall in January so when in January Perihelion is the time when the Sun is closest to us if the meaning is something like this then the meaning would be there is a tilt, that is the northern hemisphere moves backwards The southern one is tilted backwards The hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and India is in the Northern Hemisphere so mainly Summer and winter are like the sun of the earth is there a tilt of the meaning towards this side or nadan hemisphere that of the southern hemisphere The reason behind who is tilted towards the sun it falls from the sun and not near it meaning of sun or else it doesn't get cold that far away yes it does make a little difference then Because it is India in a low voice titted away from the sun so there It is cold in India during January It will be cold there, it is ok The thing to keep in mind is the amount of insulation A little bit more will be okay and If you don't understand then you are old

36:04 Where I saw the revolution and the seasons etc. I have read this thing there It was told that stratosphere isotherm Now where does the stratosphere begin? Sorry from above the tropo sphere What is the tropopause from above the tropopause yes i told you it is a layer where the troposphere ends the stratosphere begins stratosphere you have to look carefully What is the Stratosphere Stratosphere How far does it go? It goes up to 50 km. is up to 50 km The specialty of the stratosphere is that that the temperature increases here Temperature Increases on moving up i.e. with height the temperature increases because there

36:50 The reason I was declining the rate is because Ozone layer is formed here You can see the ozone layer in the ruffle Let's assume 20 to 35 km or so If I talk about NCERT books then This range is given from 10 to 50 km But the Rafi that we get to see is It can be seen at a height of 35 km When sunlight hits the ozone layer, it Ozone is produced by reacting with oxygen molecules they form molecules whose formula is o3 This is ozone which is our meaning Protects surfaces from harmful ultraviolet rays It protects, I just told you in the form of short wavelength radiation insulation comes in which visible light and If there is UV rays then these UV rays are harmful It works to protect them

37:36 ok i will write it completely here otherwise Some people think that it is something else Protects from harmful Ultra Wallet We measure the thickness of the ridge from the dopps unit to the dopps unit and Where its thickness decreases This thing is called Ozone Hole Antarctica I was in Antarctica a few years ago ozone hole which is telling us right now Geographers scientists said that the hole is closed now It has happened, why does it mean that a hole has occurred It's not that there was an ozone layer but there was a hole here The entire Ultra Velocity race starts here she is saying hole means there The thickness has reduced, it is what it is now The thickness has become normal, why should it reduce and why do we need ozone layer it is necessary to protect it is necessary to protect Essentials So That Ultra Wallet Tray from

38:21 We could get protection, but this why does destroy happen dr destroy it happens like our CFCs have chlorofluorocarbon fringes that we use use in your refrigerators They used to do it but they have been phased out now When I teach environmental ecology, I will teach a Montreal Protocol there A protocol was signed in Montreal In Canada it was vowed that Brother, we will phase it out completely okay so free on cfc fringes from all this Whatever it is, it is a threat But if this ozone is in the troposphere where we live where all the weather there are phenomena, if it comes there then So this ozone layer is very harmful must be in the stratosphere It is in the stratosphere that our airplanes land yes they fly okay they are airplanes Why do we fly? Because here the weather is

39:08 If there were no phenomena, then it would be more If clouds are not formed then they The whole thing gets a good look at things can fly properly We remember so many things in the stratosphere I have to keep it, you will tell me this in the rest of the comments that when do we celebrate ozone day some of you may have already told me So when do we celebrate Ozone Day? coming on to the mezzo sphere that is in the middle Temperature decreases in the central region as well does the temperature decrease on moving up The meteorites we have in the mesosphere These are meteo rights, they burn right now Call it Metroid or call it Meteora it You know it's the same thing, what happens is meteorites that are in our earth's atmosphere They come and burn them, they are the metroids Let's tell you and where do they burn, Mezzo

39:55 Sphere to M for Metroid and M for Mezzo spheres these burn here in this If we talk about mezzo sphere in layer which is called middle mandala, it is the The Coldest Our layer is the coldest layer When and where can we see the atmosphere range up to 80km see tro tropo pos stratosphere and stratosphere above the We will tell you where it ends Strato Paus and Starting Above Strato Paus There will be your mezzo sphere and where the mezzo The sphere ends, it is called mezzo pose okay so pause pause consider it as ozone day we celebrate 16th of september 16th because this is The protocol was signed on 16 September 1987

40:41 It happened in 1987 that is why on this day we celebrate Ozone Let's celebrate it as a clear day this thing and the last what has come what has come one second one second one second ours The next layer is not written here let me write here and that is Thermosphere Alright, now we're on to the last layer. That is the thermosphere and this is what we call ions Known as sphere or ionosphere why is it known as the ionosphere because in this we get to see Ice eyes are seen in this We get to see this and it is because of this ice that this what do the radio waves that we use make sense of We send it from the surface and reflect it Because of this, communication is possible then radio waves are reflected

41:28 okay by reflecting the radio waves like the radio waves that we send I send it from here like this here Let me show you this in a figure here. We have the thermosphere which we call the ionosphere so what are you saying here Many people want to see you like this and what will these ises do that radio The waves we are sending from our Earth surface reflect this because of which communication becomes possible and thermosphere ionosphere which we call There are many due to the presence of ice If it is too hot then it is the warmest If the layer is fine then it was up to 50 km and up to 80 km It has a range of 800 km and it goes beyond that Exhaust sphere is not a layer You can understand this in such a way that the Thermosphere is where our the atmosphere ends and the external When the environment starts, we will focus on that only

42:14 Azospirillum We don't need to read anything to understand that what happens in this and what doesn't happen ok so in the thermosphere we write this thing we can say that the thermosphere is then ionosphere is it is the it is the Vermest layer okay well what's a karman line thing is what is carbon line then carbon line this is the boundary like we studied the kuiper belt Atmosphere when I read Sorry Solar System So we had read that where all our Planets get destroyed, which one is the last one? We get to see Neptune and beyond We get a Kuiper belt in the same way as carbon line it is a bow Ok

43:01 Boundary where the atmosphere ends where the atmosphere ends But our atmosphere ends Outer Space starts outside which means outer space it starts here we call it There is no doubt even in the carbon line if yes then please tell me Give me the rest friend, you should remember this in fear If you don't remember the lays then I will tell you the trick I will give you the trick but according to me there shouldn't be a need for it here Because this is a very basic thing. If yes, then you can still see the trick here this is the way that thank you you so much its ok thank you so much a d

43:48 x ok thank you so much di x such If you can remember by doing this then T stands for TR From the troposphere S to the stratosphere M from Mezzosphere T to Emosphere and from this You can remember this by exhausting fear like this I can and if you allow me, then go ahead Let us move forward on our next one and one more thing The temperature which decreases here What is the rate of decreasing the rate of decreasing temperature which The temperature is that 1 kilometer above If we go then whatever we have or you, it will happen like this So let's assume that the temperature is 65 degrees Celsius it decreases or else remember this thing that 1 The temperature went up to 165 degrees Celsius there is less in it, this is what we call it Lapse rate i.e. the rate at which the temperature decreases This is what we call lapse rate

44:35 which would cause the temperature to decrease it's ok, nobody has any doubt even here now we come to where is earth's water What was our topic today? That was there too, I have raised a question on this, okay our topic was atmosphere and water in the atmosphere so now we're gonna look at water in the atmosphere and on our Earth's surface Sir Jain's Summer from Summer of June to Jain's Summer There must be more heat in June than in summer ever it akar guruji how density change age Altitude increases absolutely for the first time what you are asking is correct Second, your question is about density, which happens she declines okay I would write density decreases here

45:22 I'm on moving up because you are yourself think that most of the things that happen are because of gravity Our gases are heavy, they are dense gases If it is sitting in the tropo sphere then the density Will Decrees on moving up okay so we're like up If we go well then the density will decrease Or if it comes down then the density increases Now we come to the earth surface First, let us understand how much water is there. First of all you must understand that whatever our meaning is There is a surface in it 97.2 or 7.3 then it is just water there is water and what remains that means 2.8 or 2.7 but this is the land mass is 97.2

46:09 we have to understand that all this water 97.2 We are accepting this as 100% is means that whatever water is there We will give you 100% of it through maths Do you know that we can claim anything 100% or 100% If we believe then how much of it do we want to drink? lol sorry what am I saying this is a second sorry what did i say it's ok This is fresh water I'm talking about okay It is this which 97.2 This is our water, what is salt water that means alkaline water and that is 2.8 But this is water, what is this, it is fresh water now If you see it at 2.7 somewhere then Somewhere you can see that you are 2.5 You know that our earth surface is what is on 71 is water which mostly in the oceans that you can just see here

46:55 and what about the rest of it on 29 yes there is land mass right, earlier it was all together All of this together which we used to call Pangaea It was something we used to call stone-like, we have read it so this is all the water which is completely water There is salt water at 97.2 in it, that means The meaning of salt water is that we drink it we can't, this is not fit for our drinking that which is drinkable is only and only Now it is at 2.8 or 2.7 which is completely drinkable This is good water, let's assume it is 100% Whatever is in it is drinkable water means its value is 2.8 68.7 It is surrounded by glaciers and ice caps. also we cannot consume it directly that is, you can understand that our There is water available for drinking, no matter how little Water is at 30 in ground water and surface and

47:43 In other places it is 1.2 so sir this is a question How will it be made then the first question will be this that salt water means alkaline water How much is present in the ocean? in it it is 97.2 the rest is fresh how much is 2.8 Or is it 2%, the first question or the second one He will tell me to order fresh water from here how much is found then the most Ground water in glaciers and ice caps I remember the first three in the lakes keep the first three you will remember such as First ground water than glacier than your Lex will remember the beginning even if only three The question will be asked and you will remember its percentage. keep this in mind, especially about the glacier You may or may not remember the rest, but remember the glacier Remember the percentage, apart from this here And there won't be any further questions, okay

48:29 The glacier has 68.7% fresh water of ground water is at 30.1 now this water hey water let's remove it from the humidity If you read it then the whole water is complete keeps circulating Our atmosphere lithosphere and and and and okay in the hydrosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere and Lithosphere In Have you read about lithosphere before? The lithosphere is above the tectonic plate Crust All crust plus upper solid mantle today we have already read Atmosphere and Hydrosphere Hydrosphere means where you find this water etc. you will get to see the hydrosphere and

49:15 Where all three are present, there is life It exists, what do we call it what do we call the biosphere okay so this thing is the lithosphere atmosphere and The hydrosphere circulates water here one of the three particular processes they speak evaporation okay this is what you wrote evaporation Evaporation or transpiration has happened Consider both similar condensation and Precipitation Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation in Complete lithosphere atmosphere using three methods water keeps rotating in etospeed this is called We call it cycle or hydrological cycle what does hydro mean water

50:02 Hydro logical cycle clear thing now we will do one by one by doing this you will read that evaporation condensation what is precipitation this is the end but it is very important Evaporation occurs where water turns into water vapor is converting to is converting in water vapor That is, in a way we can say liquid This inter is getting converted into gas We have a change of state in physics as well I will study it, sorry I will study it in chemistry too But for now change to water vapor The water is changing into vapor We know why the IP is changing When does evaporation occur? When too much There is too much sunlight It happens i.e. when the water gets heated

50:49 evaporation takes place at that time and the more That water gets converted into water vapor in the heat jaaye this is what we call it that heat This is what we call latent heat of fusion It is called latent heat of fusion which the particular temperature the higher the heat in which it water gets converted into water vapour Let's go simple, by the way if you want to know then I I will tell you in brief but this thing we We will see it again in chemistry and that too This is when the rate of evaporation is high I can also tell you this verbally, i.e. orally. I will give it to you but we will write it there But when it gets very hot the heat will Rate off when there is too much wind Evaporation will be more when there is a lot of Too much when too much surface area is covered we increase the area of something

51:35 so the rate of evaporation is like you put it in a bucket Keep water on the roof and in a very big pot keep only that much water, drain the water from the pot quickly evaporation will occur because the surface The area was increased and when the humidity if there is humidity then rate is off Evaporation decreases why does it decrease first of all what is humidity for that You have to understand this, only then you will understand why the rate of evaporation decreases And ditty if you don't understand then condensation I won't understand anything I won't understand anything If you don't understand then the whole focus will be on you Those who are sleeping now wake up okay The stars will hit your shoulders later Understand here, first focus on humidity Two stars equal three stars equal to four Everyone will try to put five stars but First, let us understand humidity carefully humidity amount of water vapor

52:21 amount of water vapor present in Atmosphere How much water vapor is present in the atmosphere it is called humidity You might have heard there is a lot of humidity today It is very humid today, you must have heard this much Everyone must have heard that it is very humid today, what does humidity mean Too much humidity means too much stickiness it feels like typing why it feels like typing because The wind in the air carried away a lot of moisture Have you held it like this in the winter Humidity Have you heard that in winter humidity is increasing isn't this phenomenon we get to see in the summer Why evaporation happens when vaporization occurs That water changed into water vapor and

53:07 Where has this hold gone in our atmosphere That happened when the rate of evaporation was very it happens more like when it rains And if the sun shines a lot after the rain If it gets too hot then it becomes very humid Humidity increases because there is a lot of There was a higher rate of evaporation and that water Vapor is present in our atmosphere There was humidity because of that How do we measure humidity? yes, I will tell you this just by doing one h It is an instrument whose name starts with H it starts you will tell me so I I am asking you, the rest we understand here There are different types of humidity like that absolute humidity What is relative humidity i.e. What is the relative humidity? If it is hai absolute if we talk then weight off Unit volume of air per water vapor is ok Wet of water vapor per unit volume of air

53:56 No, I have written a very heavy definition But no one spoke in simple words So what is the status of that air as water vapor This is called absolute holding How much is humidity relative The percentage of humidity is Percentage of moisture present in Atmosphere Present in Atmosphere Compared to its full capacity compared So it's full capacity again I don't understand anything what did he say, nothing, simple words If I say it then how much power do I have and what is its power How much change is there, do you understand its worth Let's assume that the humidity is 50 units but

54:43 How much does it have now age compare to its that one's own status is called relative immunity like for For example, if the government is saying that if Let's say you earn Rs. 00 per day. at least you are not poor okay But it is possible that someone can do 50 Hajj in a day Why does a person who earns consider himself poor? because the person next to him could be the one during the day he is earning 600 rupees so what happened is this There was relative poverty, which I said is the second What was the first one? Absolute poverty, absolute what does it mean what is the status What is relative in comparison to others How much is the worth in understanding Aaya Air has a status and a limit there is a capacity for water vapor

55:29 Beyond that, he should respond to the hold She will tell me that I will not be able to do it, now whatever has happened Such air is called saturated Air saturated saturated air like you don't You must be saying that now we have studied so much now we won't be able to read much I have been studying since morning, now I haven't even taken a minute it will not happen means you read it completely You are now completely saturated You don't have the guts to read because you are tired yes by reading and the temperature at which saturation occurs temperature at which it occurs is called that temperature Dew point and let me tell you which hot air it is worm er his power is more because the worm which is there expands it heats up, expands and The div point is higher

56:16 Its good, it is more and it is cold The air is cold, the breeze is whatever its status is it decreases its div point Does his div point come very soon? Understand this is condensation, what is condensation Condensation is when water vapor is dissolved in water It is being converted is water vapor converting into water This is called condensation or convection what to say in hindi sorry condensation condensation in hindi will be called condensation so this is this is what we call condensation when water vapour It is now being converted to Hindi please Name absolutely point ddu is not there that is ok then water Evaporation is now changing into vapor water

57:02 Why did this happen? Because I heated the water. then water had become water vapour If you remove the heat from it then it will turn into water yes this is when there is a loss of Heat can also be caused by other reasons such as that if we make changes in the volume of this Changes in volume also occur due to taxes but the primary requirement is because of which our condensation is mainly Or else condensation occurs, that is loss of heat yes sir what is condensation operation It is understandable that yes, it is about water Did evaporation happen or condensation? condensation this is fog have you seen fog Everyone must have seen this, which is called fog Have you seen the ost Shabnam tell me do this

57:50 You must have seen the clouds in Hindi and English Sir, where do I get a chance to see it? we just keep looking at that, that means books It is a good thing to see it in books But you can also go up and look at the clouds sometimes Isn't it condensation from fog dew cloud well how does loss of heat occur and how it becomes What is the need for these? Water vapor is absolutely when loss of heat There was a loss when the heat happened so we would have accepted it that this air thi air held moisture I had kept it moist because If you cool it down then its due If the points get reduced then the air will say this is friend This is a betrayal to us, we are so we were holding it because our

58:36 The temperature was high and our power was high That's why we held on to the vapor so much I was in form, now you have suddenly You took away our emotions, you took away our heat, so this What is it, now it changes immediately into water It will go but when there is a change in the water He just needs something to hang on to I want to hang, yes I want to hang Whatever is needed, it is called that hychrome pic nuclei It means that what you see is Be it clouds or fog Let's take each drop of fog as an example Every drop sticks around every particle It would have been so small that you could see it it is not there this is called highchrome pick Nukla sir where do these come from sir these come There is dust, there is dust now in Delhi etc. You see there is so much smoke

59:22 particles of became particles of pollution If it is done then they need some particle now What is lacking in places like Delhi There is abundance of hydrochrome pic nuclei If there is a hypochrome nucleus then around it What do they do? They collect themselves It is called fog, mist is like that This is called pure fog, mist fog says the difference is that The amount of moisture in the mist is more is the amount of moisture content is more and the visibility in it is It is not as less as it would be in the fog okay so the amount of moisture in it is less And there will be less visibility as well Visibility would have been even less hey shabnam what is it, if it is due then it is due When a cold surface has a cold surface

1:00:08 When does the winter dew fall now? why on time when winter comes the car there's dove stuck to our windshield in the leaves because the leaves got cold absolutely any air that comes in contact with it It will cool down immediately, its heat will go away Her heat will go away and she will just stay there Pay it will drip and keep it in the hydrochrome tube There is no need because it is already kept Whoever needs to hang here to be suspended in the air and one of our form of condensation and clouds now we You will read about different types of clouds here So far no one has any problem smog is what it means to be There is smog, fog plus smoke, what is smog smog happens due to smoke and fog

1:00:54 Take it This is what happens to the hydrochrome peak nucleus It is necessary, that is why you heard it How many people have heard about cloud seeding? Cloud seeding: How many people can get cloud seeding? Do you know the meaning of seeding? Don't say this. I mean tell me directly what it means - its cloud seeding Cloud seeding means that When there is no rain, sow the seeds put the seeds what are these seeds Seeds contain silver iodide of potassium iodide or All these are iodine not iodide Is What is iodide? Hey, I just taught you that Brother, if it has to rain then there are clouds for it They will become clouds or fog formation of round hychrome peak nucleus happens and if it becomes

1:01:41 If it has to be made then it requires particles Apart from vapor, you will also need When the particles are not present, it particles are added around which these Either our droplets are formed then Freeze to form small ice crystals this is called cloud seeding You must have seen when an airplane or When a jet plane goes, it's like this when When it goes, a trail is formed behind it when an airplane or a jet plane goes If you accelerate suddenly then a trail is created behind you it goes white white it looks like what is this If I am leaving then I am leaving something behind not going when he burns his fuel If it does, it releases water vapor and that water vapor because when it is very high It is flying and the temperature is very low there If it happens then as soon as the temperature comes out

1:02:27 will become less than and it will condense so that's what it looks like that's a condensed one you can say yes that is a layer, right, a white trail Think of it this way, it has become the cloud Now let's see that condensation happens different types of clouds so which we There are clouds, they are of different kinds We divide on the basis of different layers where are they found below are going to be found in the middle Tell me the difference between fog and mist be given to hindu warriors when very small particles are present here It has moisture content and more There is more moisture content in mist means some big particles like this Big particles will be formed If small tiny particles are formed then Visibility decreases and we can see less S is visible a little more in the mist Compared to fog because of the moisture content If it is more, then it is because there are big droplets

1:03:13 will be here It is clear, now let the clouds come but first this Tell me what is the study of clouds called? e noun study Off If you understand the thing about clouds then we are clouds take different level clouds middle level Clouds and high level clouds are now included in this So many clouds have formed, we only have three By clouds we mean only three clouds I mean which are these three clouds? Yes, so These are the three clouds I am just trying to explain just take care of that [music] hey let's go then first write this to the mbs then whom should I write to because its ok

1:04:01 remember this don't forget this Forget everything Sirsa, don't do these three forget what i am telling you what is cheese nimbu These are derived from the word Nimbo From which word is Nimbo Nimbo derived? nimbo nimbo ok nimbo comes from the word

…