Rocks Continent and oceans || lecture 4 || parmar ssc 3.0 geography || Geography

0:38 So hello everyone and good morning to everyone I hope my voice is coming out proper It will happen, we will confirm it once and for all today Lecture number fourth of people's geography in which we rocks Read about Continents and Oases okay this is your lecture which is going to be It is going to have quite a rock topic It is very important means very Yours is an important topic, it's ok do the questions come repeatedly Questions have just appeared in recent exams We will see that, but read it before that that is it okay and tomorrow you guys The answer key of CGL has been released and many people I still can't see my I think Because of the answer key, you can probably check your looking at mobile looking at mobile phone You can try it once from your laptop

1:25 yes because this query comes with many people she is saying that she hasn't seen hers yet got the answer okay rest of them Congratulations, I got a lot of messages I will share the screenshot ok I can't say for everyone because it's not final The result is obvious that I am here Who gets how many good marks in Mains yes because now it is ok brother you have cleared it I have done it, that is enough, how are you in mains It does matter how we perform but then Many people have also said 35, 36 like this here He also brought scores which in itself is quite high. Great scores are considered one it comes two GK is all right sir if you give 0 then one question I will ask, ok I will give you ₹ one is 141 145 ok brother even those who have 140 plus

2:15 If you are in general category then prepare for mains Keep doing it until you get the result It is ok till it goes 146 OBC is safe yes my According to the calculation it is safe in OBC start 146 then confirm once again I will do it sir all sir question answer show what thing is not show Where is it happening but the show is not happening, good answer Please tell me about QIP build. a bit like this is not the class of the solar system ok a little bit about the kuiper belt Tell me Kuiper Belt Beyond Neptune An asteroid belt beyond Neptune where there are small small small big big There are big rocks which are called asteroids so it is beyond the planet neptune

3:01 We call it the Kuiper Belt, our There is another asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter which is the planet Mars and Jupiter assists in between If yes then start, then today's topic rocks Continents and Oceans First of all we Read what's right about rocks Our first topic will be rocks so the Rock E here okay so about rocks we You will read about its different types which is the first type of rock that is igneous rock rock okay so rocks of The first person to read about it is the one who types How are rocks that are igneous rocks formed? is igneous rock okay well first of all Tell me what is the study of rocks called

3:47 what do we call the study of rocks and how do they remove the edge of the rock I want to tell you quickly, so if we study if we talk about it or that science which is related to the study of rock i know s Petrology okay and if we talk about edge then here But we use the carbon dating method is it ok which technique do you use Carbon dating is the method we use here are to calculate the age of rock now different Types of rock we will read our main three There are many types of rock, okay how many There are many types of rocks, how many types are there? There are three The first type that we have to read is Igneous rock which we know by what name are known as igneous rocks

4:34 Igneous the rock here which is in igneous rock Ignis is a Latin term, isn't it? Igneus is derived from ignis which means Fire is fire, now understand how it is formed You have looked at the right side for that long So this video which is playing here It is filled with magma inside, please comment You will tell which layer is filled with magma or lava when it comes out it's lava It is called so when it comes out from inside like this what magma look it came out it came out And what will happen here, this will spread and when It will spread and when it solidifies igneous rock but these are extrusive igneous why is it written rock because igneous it's not that rock it's not that magma

5:20 Solidifies as soon as it comes out I solidify many of these here There might be cracks, it is not like the pipe is inserted has anyone else come straight out of the pipe or There will be cracks everywhere, those cracks When it gets filled, it will turn into a rock inside We will call it intrusive igneous rock. As you can see here, this what is it that has formed inside Earth crust has formed in the crystal surface if it is formed inside then we call it intrusive igneous rock intrusive igneous We call intrusive rocks as plutonic rocks. You also know it by name, now you can see it here You have different types of cracks You must be seeing blur, it's quite fine The quality of the video is correct, this image is It's blurred and you have nothing to do with it It is blurred meaning the things written here what I'm going to tell you here is You have to pay attention to me here right now

6:07 I'm going to plot this, all the things but did you understand the basics, did we read it? What do studies say about rock age? How to extract it? There are three types of rocks. First we started reading Ignis Igneous rocks are called igneous rocks The name is fire, fire means this magma when it comes out and when it freezes If it solidifies then it becomes an Igneous Rogue if it comes out and solidifies igneous rock and if inside It is being solidified because such a sim is so It is not straight forward that it comes straight here I came out from here and got stuck here brother But there will be cracks, what kind of cracks? What kind of crack is that kind of land The form will become a land form meaning how the landform is being formed as this magma chamber and what is this that I just told you about the question was asked where is it loaded this is

6:53 Which ethno sphere and ethnos is your layer? Please tell me in the comment what it means and Nosferatu what is betho if its chamber magma chamber If it gets stuck in my mind then it will give you a kind of a Relief feature will be seen in land form you will get to see that it came out and here it what kind of saucer shape what kind of shape this this shape this is called saucer shape just like the saucer it is the concave you are seeing concave you will know concave like this Our mirrors are concave shaped sash This is the shape and it is called lopolith

7:41 Lopolith speaks if the question arises which I don't make much, let me tell you this The land form which is in the particular topic what is the name of the one that is made but Sometimes it becomes possible, then we spend that much time Here they will make you take tension we don't need what i tell you I will keep telling you okay and I myself am the same I'm going to spend time there so this is just meditation I have to keep the keywords that's why I keep telling you I hope you don't have much trouble if If he ever asks about Betho then Magma The chamber will definitely have the keyword if Lopolith if he asks about it then definitely saucer shape or Then in the option of doing concave body, which means There will be a question, it will have keywords and this what is this faecolith what is faecolith There is a faecolith with anti-cline and syn-cline This raised part is made antique This is a line, this is an antique line and this sink

8:26 The line which is below is called faecolith where if it asks then keyword I will be sure to have a wavy mass of rock you will get to see wavy masses of rock or then anti cline and syn cline anti this is cline this is sin cline ok wavy doesn't mean like waves like this like this so anti cline and sin cline This is how Faecolith is done, remember it like this Someone threw something and it became a wave If someone threw something then it waved it became ok here you are and if you come here you will see this what you can see this Kind that you should just understand that you leave me whenever you want This is how the rock becomes completely horizontal This is called seal is fine and straight If it becomes vertical type like this then it will be called

9:14 Are dyke is ok so if sil asks then for sure 100% keyword will be horizontal horizontal landmass or horizontal rock and if If Dyke asks then definitely the keyword is vertical That is, if it solidifies vertically and becomes a rock If it goes, it is called a dyke, how will you remember it How can you not get confused, it won't be like this Like I don't know, they used to say it at your place that no but in our village like grandma People still talk meanly like this chutney toni we did not grind it, it used to be like this and this Our seal is called seal and this is the rod Now I don't know what happens here It is said in our place that it is called Lodha it goes in this way whatever happens which makes it grind and the mortar and pestle in which it is ground so brother what is a seal after laying the seal It is kept only then you will be able to make chutney or else You can make anything in the sale, so

10:00 If you have to keep it horizontal then the cell will horizontal and the other die which is its brother it will become vertical it will end one lako this happened lopo lopo what do you take lolo it is type this is mumbai shape and what is it lako hai aisa lako is like mini betho lako is like mini betho betho what where was the magma It got stuck there, what is there here, it looks like a pipe it went above that, okay, and then it froze what would be the keyword here in which laccolith in the laccolith will be that connected Buy a pipe 100% this keyword will be connected Buy a pipe, look at this, what you see is this this is just a pipe this is a pipe so it is Connected by Granite Basa Pama Gabru

10:47 You will now remember the granite base mice Tell in the comment what is the difference between granite and basalt Yesterday I read about continental crust And when you were describing the oceanic crust then Tell me which oceanic crust is made of which rock and from which rock is your continental Is the crust formed and what is the thickness It is too much, it is also okay to tell in the comment and Here I asked what is the meaning of ethnos If it happens then ethnos means it is weak Na weak layer to g c continental crust yes this is ok and b salt salt salt means Where does osh happen in the ocean so osh is not crust This thing is ok and what did you ask I said yes, who is this continent The one with water is thick and the one with ocean is thin But the ocean one is a dancer, let's come now Here are some examples of mechanical foam If you ask which mechanic is formed then

11:33 First you should take care of it from a mechanic Ask the farm whether it is chemical or organic Limestone can be seen in all three or limestone limestone which is in all three in mechanical as well as chemical and Limestone is also present organically in all three You can also see sand stones here It will be found okay that is stone where If it is visible then it means this example is off sedimentary rock we are saying that We have divided it into three parts, it is in three ways It can be made mechanically i.e. a Mechanical means that they are compact together Look, there will definitely be some lithi faction among themselves If the role of chemicals comes then chemical also farmed organically plants etc came into the role in that or some of our If even that person is destroyed and evolves into this then

12:20 Both organically formulated and agar There is no involvement in these generals, this is how they are being made if it is mechanical form then sand stone is fine First of all you must remember that sir Who is Sedimentary in Igneous and Metaminidae There are three types of mechanical raw materials and chemically organically then if you are at a level And if you go into the depth then you should know that mechanically chemically organically What are the examples specifically First of all, you have to remember that this this is sedimentary this is igneous MetaManager That's not why I'm teaching this organically because even in such a situation one can enter and I have entered it twice, that is why I I am telling you there is limestone here sandstone is gone and your shell is gone

13:07 the conglomerate is done ok If we talk about conglomerate chemical form If you do this then limestone will definitely come Besides you will get a chat halite and Potash then if we talk organically In formed and in organically formed The square will come, your call will come and limestone will come okay so this will come we will go now Metaminidae into or transformed into or Just look at the transformed name and we can tell its form is changing is it is changing i.e. it is happening in

13:58 Metamindi Ignis meant Fire By The Way Metaminidae How is mantle formed when a rock breaks down when it becomes depression then it becomes depression Everyone gets together at one place with air and water and it gets compacted at one place which is called lithi what is said and what is formed and Ours becomes sedimentary MetaManager Anyone When the rock changes its form How can there be a change when there is a power in it?

14:46 What is the meaning of Changes Ho PVT Changes Either pressure changes or volume changes Or if there is a change in temperature then Metamindi yes Now let me show you how it can be done such as if Metaminidae metamind and reorganization of the Original Mineral with these Rocks due to Breaking and Crushing Without Anyone imperceptible chemical change is called age Dynamic MetaminD MetaminD

15:31 go to metamarket right now if anyone If you have any doubts then I will take them right now I am no longer all your things it will clear up on its own so what is this here this rock not chemical but if we look at mechanical form is happening i.e. no chemical change but your mechanical change Usually this happens in low temperature and high pressure form is dynamic metonymy there are two types, one of which is So I think we say contact ha Contact Metaminidae It happens yes contact and regional now be careful Understanding MetaminD

16:21 If changes happen then temperature change occurs Let me show you how it goes Magma is coming out from here right now the rock that would be next to it next to it right next to it right next to it I'm ok what will happen to this white thing I'm drawing what will happen to this rock It will get extremely hot all of a sudden It will get very hot very fast What caused the change in temperature? This happened due to the contact of magma so contact metama metamind This process happened and what did this rock become MetaMarket personality change It happened and let us give an example of this regional

17:08 Metaminidae How many types of plates do we have in it? I had read the movement, please tell me in the comments The movement of one of the plates was read Convergent plate boundary i.e. both towards each other means both of them When both of them are coming close to each other If they come here, when they both meet, There will be tremendous pressure in the middle The rock in the middle is very scary because If you are feeling pressure then this Is MetaManager being made contact and What is regional sir we are getting confused that's how to remember, you just remember this

17:54 keep it in this lid that this change Pressure is created because of these forms VOLUME TEMPERATURE PVT JUST REMEMBER How its changes are made, this is what we tell you If I narrate the Rama Katha then you will understand it So try to understand what kind of dynamic it is Metamindi general never asked any question from this I told you to explain but Dynamic MetaminD If a rock is formed because of this then it Dynamic Metaminidae Alter and re-crystallize due to thermal Metamindi Crystallization If you ever Ask what type of rock the term is associated with If so, recrystallization associated term is yours

18:44 Metaminidae Understand how crystallization occurs As I just mentioned, Gabru Granite basa puma is this igneous rock so what you know what that nice rock is It is made from granite, yes it is granite this is rock which is igneous rock beyond this when we If you get too many PVT changes done then this Igneous rock will change Metaminidae It was a mentry rock, if we could get a change done in it Give PVT change and it will turn into marble ok if we assume sand stone sand

19:31 What type of rock was the stone Sedimentary If we change the PVT in this then Marble Ganana Quad Site will be built when Quiet will be built Remember this is quiet this is not quad This is a big confusion for people Quats first of all it is not a rock so what is it it is it is a mineral it is a mineral and it The minerals which we find are mostly igneous or found in sedimentary rocks Mostly found in Igneous Because it contains silica and aluminum etc then the granite composition would be Granite is an igneous rock, we understand I came across one thing that first of all quartz It is not a rock, it is a quiet rock, it is a mineral Quartz, I think JE paper has just been done

20:16 It was there this time, this year, in it The question was asked now ok then you have to keep this thing in mind So quartz is a mineral. no it's a rock it's cleared so now in this Which examples should you keep in mind? are marbles nice quat who has sent this 000 brother sir i I gave CGL on 17th September first shift I had 67 attempts in which I qualified for 64 I was sure that I am from ST so I am from Pre I was so sure that it was clear about the mains I was thinking of studying but sir the answer key came today

21:01 who has zero attempts and shows zero marks There have been zero marks and zero attempts how can this happen Hi Dipesh ji is buffering happening what is buffered Where has buffering happened just once tell please tell me once where is the buffering It happened, I think that's why someone called me because buffering happened think guruji buffering magma that was jamming after that tell me again Where did the buffering happen? Deepesh ji, you should give me your number once

21:48 I am giving it to you, please message me on this post 8840 28 6735 please do it once okay and your last one should be It should be written Deepesh Meena on it I will understand the last message and where else from Please tell me once where it happened how long the buffering took my voice must be coming deepesh meena mama is leaving from here it will be fine Please repeat after this laccolith Friend, can any one tell me clearly and write this don't write a keyword where did i read it from

22:33 If I read this then I should know it both of us should be in the same mood Because of whom did I get in contact with Mama? I am coming from Ma'am sir please repeat this for 5 minutes for magma connected with pipe wala to buff it happened ok ok ok we are ok so i taught this in loco lit you and you tell me this one time that Where does it start after buffering?

23:19 Just tell me these two things that happened Where did it happen and where after buffering It had started so let me tell you about that time Where did it all start from, where did you guys start I started to read everything then So in Laccolith I had told that This is Mini Betho Ith Betho Ith's younger brother what is the betho where is the magma Magma may get jammed if it solidifies If it freezes then from where it comes out then it is like a bath If and is connected to a pipe and its base level base is okay it has a level base and If it settles there then it is called laccolith here you will find the keyword connected buy a pipe then i told you sedimentary rock okay after that I taught Sedimentary Rock Metamindi Mentry Sedimentary Starting

24:10 let me just repeat it okay I will repeat it, stop, stop, take it Koli then told the metaminedi mentri rock Sedimentary rocks are called sedimentary rocks are made up of sediments, right? Sedimentary rocks are called sediments What are sediments made up of? Look, when anyone is our rock any rock any rock even this one Even if it breaks down or When any rock breaks and how will it break Dan Shall Agent next lecture which will be on Monday In that I will tell you what Den Shul agents are Understand those who cause sabotage as agents for example let's say weathering like You may have heard it, if you haven't, then understand it this way that for some reason your rock broke down dinational

24:57 Because of the agent and that in the fragment i.e. It turned into small stones Who will transport the fragments now? exogenously You will also read Exo Janus Agent Monday Wali in class but what about right now Just like the wind became the river water, so their Transport will happen because of them This water and wind will carry them to one place We will gather them wherever their complex is will go and compass means they will meet each other will join together and become one rock, i.e. one will become a rock and this whole process where But this lithi function where the complex took place This is called lithi function of the rock The question is formulated in such a way that lithi function The term is associated with each type of frock so it is associated with sedimentary Type of Frock Sedimentary Rock i.e. it is attached to sedimentary rock

25:43 I told you to repeat all the words I'll give you one thing here I want to tell you but I won't do it directly I will tell you, I will ask you first and then I will tell you thing then I told you that sedimentary rock There are three types of sedimentary rocks There are three types: mechanic, chemical and Organically it is composed of three types of sedimentary You can either become a rock or a mechanic like I did process was told by the way or if in that chemicals are evolving and or So if in that, like the trees, plants and what we have living creatures are destroyed, their evolution is necessary If it is there then it is called organic form then I told you this here I have written examples of igneous rocks Gabru Granite Basa Puma and Pegam Ite there are examples there are examples of igneous rock There are examples

26:28 You have to repeat this word four to five times. is gabru granite is pama gabru granite there is a bit of a bolt p mise rhyming type You will remember these words Gabru If you do granite base then you can remember it I thought it was an igneous rock, then I asked that brother because yesterday we read that Continental crust is granite rock and the oceanic crust is made up of basaltic It is made of rock i.e. both types of there are igneous rocks so here I Write examples of sedimentary rocks and I told you that first you have to It is important to remember that these sedimentary rocks examples Later it comes to pass that the mechanic is formed Which chemical is which form and Which is organically formulated? So, clear? Here if we talk about mechanic form it is limestone sand stone sir listen this is it had gone

27:14 okay it's done it's done it's done okay it was good okay okay okay so Metaminidae You will find examples in metamorphic rock. We have to remember these marbles now someone said it was four to five minutes long so I took four For five minutes I thought I'd repeat it None so marble nice quad site Marble Nice and Quad Site what is this You have to remember the examples and have to take care and slate have to take care it Examples of what you need to pay attention to and Do you know what slate is made of? It is made from shell, what is shell, we have just discussed this If you read that shale is your sedimentary rock then These are five examples for you to keep in mind, rest all

28:01 You have to let go completely OK, now before I move on, I want to tell you one thing Let me tell you that it is sedimentary rock sometimes you get sediment sorry meta morphic into metamorphic rock You will get to see such lines like this The lines are seen like this We call these lines lesions or foliations what do you say Lesion or foliation Such lines can be seen here Are okay and sometimes what happens is we get the same light and dark shades of color light and dark Light and dark shades are visible this is called what is this called bending, bending so

28:48 what has bending happened bending has happened where we at Alternate light And dark shades are visible fine is alternate light and dark shades means when there is too much of it If there was pressure then it would have become like this Light and dark shades came out in it if it happens then it is called banding, Leneesh Term will ask you sir tell me Leneesh Foliation or banding term is derived from which rock If it is associated then the answer will be Let's move on now and we'll move on and Will we now see The Rock Cycle?

29:35 how one rock is becoming another It is being formed in the third i.e. the rock which would have been He is maintaining his original form it does not change from one to the other It goes okay but before teaching this First you tell me whether this Taj Mahal is yours He is screaming and asking who made this it happened, tell me quickly who made this is the Taj Mahal so what is this so this is your marble okay Everybody knows it's marble, that's fine But what kind of rock is this I'm asking? what kind is this i'm asking

30:21 Am what kind of rock are we so this is your Metaminidae okay meta morphic that means transformed or the rock is fine, what is it made of has happened tell me quickly from what type of rock is this not sedimentary yes brother marble is your metamind Sir why did you hide the lecture to and fro Because sir this is a paid batch class

31:08 so okay this is red sandstone and What is Sand Stone Sedimentary rock okay so this is your sedimentary or we can say sorry to sedimentary rock is made up Larat is fine, this is not Baltrock, this is sediment made of red sandstone okay let's go so let me explain the rock cycle to you so rock Create a PPT for you on Cycle I will have to do it because there is no space here The GIF will keep playing, then the video You won't be able to understand, we will make you understand Let's fix it with our cute drawing look here it is what is your The volcano poured out a lot of magma here What is this that came out of the pipe and the big bowl? Magma or lava came out and it solidifies

31:55 What did the rock become of Igneous Rock and that to me remind me to ask you questions that rock okay so this is now igneous rock What became of Agni Chatan primary form of rock now if its in me dan shul agent work should I get it done by a den agent, it is okay if they I will get the work done, get it demolished here and make its sediments Create fragments and get them compacted What should I do with these sediments? should I get them compiled, okay that means that If there is lithi faction of this then which If we become a rogue then there will be a lithi faction then it will become sedimentary Rock sir what do I want to tell you I want to convey this through this medium You know that the world is round and this rock is round

32:41 It is round, it means that one rock is inside the other second will be made in third third in first in the first the third means one rock in the second How am I proving that it can be made How can a bun be made? This is the rock cycle which is called rock cycle in hindi correct So this sediment has become rock now you are with me tell me this now how to make it with metamindfulness If I give it to you, you will ask me to make it with both of them. So I told him that it is nothing simple You have to do it, you just have to do the puja changes in pressure volume and temperature If you change it like this, you will get it Metaminidae

33:27 became our metamorphic rock Now you will talk to me sir Metamindy Agent, get this torn apart Make it sedimentary now you will tell me one thing sir Try it, you won't be able to do it, Metamindi Then make a sign with the help of mentorship There are convergent plate boundaries like now what did you tell me yesterday about convergent plate Everyone is standing under each other in the boundary The one who is heavier and the one who is denser will go She will stand strong, let's accept that this is heavy She will do everything this way, what will she do it will subside, it will sink beneath it What is the ethno sphere filled with That means lava is very hot it will melt when it melts what will it become will go and more lava will form and more Stenosphere, that place will sink again, tell me tomorrow The place will sink, it will come out through the crack

34:14 And it will come out of the crack like this and then freeze then became ignius The finish has been made from igneous to sedimentary also made metamenu from igneous made action out of metaphysics diya this is called the rock cycle okay now Let's read a little about these volcanoes let us just comment about the volcano I'll tell you that yesterday I gave you a zone I had told you in the Pacific that that zone was called that what do you call that place where there is a volcanic eruption There is a lot of activity and these earthquakes etc. come let's say what do you call that particular The zone is called the Pacific Ring of Okay, well, volcano, so read this much After reading this you must have understood that from volcano magma comes out all these things but Volcanoes don't just spew magma You can see that gas is coming out and a lot All the material that comes out from here and there

35:00 We call it Pyroclastic Debbie Debbie means the one who roams around little remnants that make things happen So it is called pyroclastic pond in which that your body will turn into ashes and dust what does it matter is your ash i.e. that ash, dust, all this also comes out inside and volcanoes are the direct source There is an indirect source of our meaning Please tell us about the interior in the comments So, you understood this thing, okay what does this volcano of yours come out from now there are a few types of volcanoes Such as Cinder Volcano, Shield Volcano, etc. Composite Volcano and Caldera Volcano Cinder Volcano is a Cinder Volcano cinder cinder so this is your cone shaped okay it's called cinder cone volcano

35:46 If you know from then just regarding this keep this in mind okay shield volcano If we talk about it, then it is made of basaltic lava It contains basaltic lava Basaltic lava means that Basaltic lava is non-viscous This means the whisk does not thicken what does visk mean Do not confuse thickening with viscosity Lena Vishay Cycle You must be listening to Vishay The meaning of cycle is like a vicious circle It is not as if you assume that someone is sad yes you did not get selected in season one ok you are Let me take as an example your own sorrow you call me at night ok I consumed some liquid etc. ok now what happened to you now And if you don't feel like studying then it's ok

36:33 This will further reduce your performance You are going into more stress and I am not studying and the result is going waste is it because of this you and now that liquid If you are going to the confinement then what are you doing Stuck in a cycle, it's different, it's Whisk is thicker than non-wisk lava Like if I talk about our example So, where is the Hawaiian volcano? Hawaii Volcano is in which country Hawaii Whose territory is this? Composite is composite It gets cooler and wisker, it becomes thick lava remember this that it is composite it is composite It means made up of many things If it has happened then many things will happen what will happen on its own it will become thicker So we will tell him that he is a whisker ok where will I get the notes after taking the batch You will get it in batches only and where exactly you will get it It's called the Pacific Ring of Fire, yes ok it's fun sir it's fun

37:23 Calorie is the most explosive substance When the terrible lava comes out then the bards start singing like this A voice is coming sometime, go and listen to it and take it to you okay let's go so caldera is very The most explosive is this much It is more explosive that it Kollappan Itself collapses in on itself note this and another one here and that is What is flood belt province? This is blood type Diya friend this reminded me of bio flood bat province is ok Flood Balt Province now I just told you How is basaltic lava non viscous If it is not thick then this means highly

38:09 It is fluid, highly fluid means absolutely like water now which is like lava No, it spreads a lot, it is obvious Thick will cover a lot of distance is not going to go that far The thicker one becomes steep So like this composite one, this steep It will be a volcano, that is, it will be like this It will be a bit like this, it will be a flood how would the basis be, it would be typed like this, okay It is highly fluid which is found in India It is Deccan Traps, which is Deccan Plateau This is what floods are made of, the end of Basalat That's right, the world's highest volcano Which is the world's highest volcano? Like whom we call the lighthouse of the mediterranean It is called the Lighthouse of the Mediterranean

38:58 So which is the highest, this is yours Nevus Ojas Dil Salad Ojas Nevus Ojal Salad It Where is this Chile of yours located and Located in the Argentine border, Hai South okay in america continent it is the highest volcano and where volcanic and This gives us the opportunity to see earthquake activities. what you get is ours pacific ring of fire i asked you tha pacific ring of fire and lighthouse the ocean of the mediterranean first of all where is the mediterranean this is your the Mediterranean Sea is Europe which is the continent and The continent of Africa is in the middle of it This is the lighthouse of light of the Mediterranean House speaks the Strum dialect as Mount

39:44 sturm bolly has two volcanoes in india When you read about them in Indian Geography And in that we will come to Andaman Nicobar There we will study Baron and Narcondam okay one active and one dormant then we I will read it for now just see this much Now let's come to Continental for today's last topic in the second and last topic that is Continental Drift Theory What is it Theory says this Theory says this that these continents as we see them today okay today we're looking at the continent that here in North America here in South America here Africa and here Europe and Asia is today, millions of years ago If this didn't happen millions of years ago, how would it be It used to be like you were the first one

40:30 You can see it in the picture here But the whole land mass happened together does Everything was connected like the oceans are connected today the seas are connected to each other The whole land mass was connected and it was called what did gaya pajiya say it was called pajiya Gaya called the land mass as terrain and water as Gaya Panthala The water was called Panthala again one day what happened we were standing right here next to each other They started going far away, it's ok here, how many are these It was a year ago so you can accept this Ruffle 220 million years ago 220 million how much Just tell me in the comments, whatever happens some day The day we stood here, close by So what happened, these people started going far away

41:17 Not too old, just 150 million years old It's an old thing, 150 million, okay, these two which is divided into two parts The one above has become this part, Asia and the part below it became Gondwana Land is ok Gondwana Land Which are the parts of Gondwanaland From our southern continent to South America Africa is done, India was a part of gondwana land this is important antarctica Australia, North America and Eurasia It was a part of Asia, then what happened Then these two then drift between each other I started and began to go far away This is North America, this is South America America Africa Eurasia it is today The present form is as we see it today This was the theory of continental drift

42:05 This was given by Alfred Wegener, who was a When did Alfred Wegener give the German Geographer I can also ask you this 1912 1912 But first of all, let's put this concept in the one who has the intention or has an inclination towards this thing doubt or meaning it has ever been connected in this way we will be connected continent because someone has seen it no except me this is everyone here One of the first people to come up with the concept was our Cartography was who is cartography whose name was Abraham Orthal remember the name Keep this in mind first for the first Who had predicted this time, brother This can also happen but this is a complete theory Who asked you to give the theory?

42:52 some evidence of his i.e. his proof if they have to do it then how did they prove it What evidence did he give? In the evidence it is given that here Jig was becoming 100 fit Jig was becoming 100 fit how The jig was fitting 100% if you are here If you look carefully, it doesn't look like South If we pick up America and take it here So this one will fit perfectly here If we take Africa there then it will be exactly like this This whole thing will fit into this slot it will fit into this slot which is here You can see what is here Tathys When you read about Himalayas it is an ocean So how will you study India when things are like this This is how it came here from Eurasia When the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate So the Himalayas were formed right here it is clear that jigsaw of

43:38 what is it then placer deposit place what is a deposit so placer deposit is that There are deposits where we have to pay very expensive Expensive minerals like gold etc. Rare earth elements are found when what here Look carefully at what is happening in Africa here is ghana in africa here and what about here in Ghana we have such Some such veins of gold can be seen Gold is like gold veins There are veins of gold in such places Where you can find gold, thin and thin is gold that veins were seen here in the dense but The rock in which gold is found is Ghana is not seen here or the area around it, then from here Well it turns out this is Vance from Brazil If he is here then he is from Brazil

44:23 Part here means there used to be one will Fossils means fossils yes look at it People did not remind me to ask questions I had a question in rock this is yours Tell me quickly that what I have told you in three types which rock did you study and which one contained fossils, that you will get to see the fossil in the comments Tell me quickly what is a fossil what are fossils, plants, trees, animals All this is especially true for trees and plants when these days are dead When they go, they get buried in the surface they get pressed and they get pressed and they get pressed and These fossils get buried and become fossils become what are a rich source of what are rich sources of Distribution of minerals and fossils The distribution of fossils here was The same is here where the edge of the rock is visible The same rock can be seen here

45:10 If we are getting it then we got to know things from it and what is the study of fossils called the study of fossils is called vat platos plato platos okay and here In this type of rock, you will get to see So you have to keep in mind that your sedimentary This is rock, you get to see it only in this How to see fossils because here you look carefully In this way not only Rock but also Joe All these plants and trees also have dirty leaves the lights too would go out in the middle and when If they get buried in the middle they will become fossils Why will we go because this is sedimentary rock what is there exists in strata Agist in the form of strata means layers

45:56 If it does then you can see Fazals here will go that is why sedimentary rock is a Rich source of minerals If we understand this, it is all right, then we Where had we reached, we had reached Who else put forward the Continental Drift Theory I had given this to him and then one day I asked him I called him and said Wagner ji, please come here you said ok move it They all moved around the continent but The force behind why this move was made where did that come from that is the force for where did the drifting y come from i.e. our Wegener wondered why the continents drifted Ji said that Parmar ji look at this two things are responsible so the first thing is

46:41 This is Polar Fling Force so I asked Polar Fling Force Says Yes Polar In the fling force actual he said that the polar fling force which is the Earth's comes because of rotation so we said well yes I taught it in the first lecture that yes because of the rotation of the earth what is our meaning from this at the center it's bloody and it's flat on the poles okay one second wait ok let's go polar flying force He said, okay, first of all about rotation because of that and the other he said is Tidal Force OK Tidal force they told me so tidal We have already read the force to tell them There was no need for tidal force we saw What is the reason behind the tidal force i.e. Because of which our tights are generated why are tights generated why are tights generated One of them is the gravitational pull

47:28 ok because of is due to gravitational pull and because of the centrifugal force, which our moon is the way they said it Attracts water i.e. ocean water It generates tights on its side In the same way he also divided the continents We must have attracted this thing towards us He said that nothing worked out with Wagner ji, Wagner ji you Fitting all these useless things Don't lie, Wagner ji, then not Wagner ji After that, and then create this doubt It so happens that my friend, what you said was not correct, Gunner ji that something else is responsible for this then One day I met a person, his name was Arthur Arthur Holmes is working on something beyond that So we asked Arthur Holmes ji, would you please do something? Because some satisfaction of Wegener ji

48:13 So far Arthur Holmes has not lived He said, look Parman ji, you have just now I taught it in the lecture, sorry, third lecture I taught you how to This place is filled with magma from the mantle What happens in the upper part and in the magma If there is radioactive material in the magma then it which is a radioactive element, this radio These are the active elements, what is happening to them What are these radioactive elements doing? yes this is DK doing it and he said Look at that atom ji again and again brightness Increase it, do not decrease it, keep your laptop properly okay so I said okay so radio active These are the decomposition of the elements and when decomposition happens then here Thermal differences are created which Because of this such convection cells are developed here

48:59 Because of which these plates move they do and you already know about the plates what are our plates lithospheric remember lithospheric plate so Arthur Holmes ji told how this This thing means convection current are developing in magma and we I told you in my previous lecture that in a way that our tectonic plates are all the things i told you about plate Kal plate was told in tectonics theory plate tectonics not in plate tectonics how our How many major plates are there and some minor ones There are plates that lie on top of the asthenosphere That is, she is sliding over the magma it is moving upwards why is it moving because convection current is developed there ok yesterday's question paper uploaded it did not happen i did not understand We

49:47 why did you hide these two videos So let's go play tectonics here If you talk, it asks you many times Who gave this theory, so keep that in mind If you ever ask, okay, remember Mackenzie. Keep Mackenzie and Parker okay so Mackenzie and Parker what Plate tectonics theory was given attention keep it clear and we saw it yesterday Do plates etc move and how major If there are plates then our seven major If there are plates then I just understood that why is this convection current moving it is developing why it is developing because of the radioactive element that is present here But thermal differences are the reason for the cuts and what is the rate of plate movement if you ever ask

50:33 so it differs it makes a difference like If we talk about the Arctic Rage then a centimetre grows in one year it is possible there if we talk about there is the pacific plate which is one of the The largest plate is about 15 centimeters But the ear can open then it is rate off like this That's it, okay, now let's come to the last one The concept is that it is floor spreading Theory a few years later When play tectonics theory etc. came into being There was a commotion in the geography that brother of the sea Go inside and see, it might be there get something because till now only this it was being considered that the sea which is The ocean floor, which is our oceanic crust, is large it's smooth it's very smooth there's nothing here But we want to see mountains in the continent

51:18 who are getting plots are getting to see I can see the leak and I can see the pits if we are meeting there then everything will be flat and When the exploration started here Gegraf was surprised why because here But more diversity is emerging There were many more mountains here Mountains, many atolls, coral cays I don't know what all they will show now what so sea floor spreading which who gave the theory first then this is the theory who gave the name Harry O. Hayes to Harry Hamann Hayes So Harry Hess gave this theory in the year in 1961 He said that how our there we have Divergent plate boundary is visible

52:03 and I told you yesterday that it is a divergent plate boundary It is constructive in nature Why is it constructive in nature? Because it constructs a new crust Is Divergences Only when the plates move far apart will they The filled magma will come out and here What will become of long chain of long here A series of small mountains will be formed that we call Mid Oceanic Mid Oceanic Ridge The Mid Oceanic Ridge is formed by whose water Because both of them are going far away from inside Megan is coming out so this is what they How did he explain the meaning of his theory? Harry gave this conclusion as a conclusion

52:52 The Sea Rock The rocks that are younger than the continent in comparison to them and the rock here and here The rock here looks similar to the rock of It is newer than the rock here, that is it's old this one is young why because Think for yourself, like, suppose this is a rock here Now when magma comes out from inside then push it here won't you do that brother just move aside a bit for me give me a place to sit when I reach here If it goes then more magma will come out from here This one will move, that one will move here move over there and then he will say move over here As we move further away from the mid-oceanic sea So the edge of the rock will keep increasing and the row here It will be the same as the rock and the one here, right?

53:37 Someone must be able to visualize this much that When the magma comes out, it will spread on both sides Harry O' Hayes Forget the rest, whatever is on your mind You may forget it but don't forget Harry. Hammond Hess developed the sea floor spreading theory in 1961 and divergent plates This is seen in the boundary, mid Oceanic ridge is formed, this is just a feature I have seen Told about the Mid Oceanic Ridge in the middle of the ocean You are getting to see the ridge like this, okay there is such a series of mountains but if we If we look at the floor, we can see it like this You can see it can be visualized like this Or is our whole ocean like this The complete relief feature is like this So we can divide the relief features of the ocean into two parts Let's divide it into a

54:23 major and second minor ok one is major and the other is minor so major How many relief features are there? There are four Which is this continental shelf? where the continent ends and The sea begins and the continental shelf water level of the sea gone up Or the continent might have collapsed a little bit it might have declined a little bit If it had gone inside the sea then that part which just happens to be the sea as you cross from the continent If you step in then you should believe this Your Continental Shelf starts like this You can understand, but it actually happens no that happens when you go to the beach etc. Those waves keep coming and going but main a little bit and when you go inside that is

55:10 where the ocean bed begins it is called Edge continental shelf so first our major Ocean Relief Feature What happened Continental shelf continental submerged coast speak hindi okay i call it continental shelf are continental shelves okay now its what the cantle shelf is the slope that is the slope that is What is the slope of this is there no degree or less than that even less and this continental shelf is much It can be wide, somewhere it can be very narrow like if I give you an example, Siberia is near the Arctic Ocean so the siberian shelf there it is the wided it is wide how wide is it approximately

55:56 120 kilometers and if we talk about the narrowest So, this is your South America This is not a continent, South America, which the continent is here i.e. this What can I say about South American West? South The West Coast of America is quite It's thin, okay, about 50, you know The average would be something like this in kilometers The width is 7080 kilometers of the continental shelf now because right here This depression will reverse itself, whoever is The garland that you offer on your path you have thrown it in the river ganga and all of us If we do immersion etc. then it all happens here If you come here then you can see the fossils we meet here and that's why it is A rich source of natural resources such as

56:44 Petroleum etc. became oil, became gas If it is done then you can see everything here on the continental shelf because right here Fossils are being collected So after this, I saw a sudden decline You will get this, what is it called continental This is called the continental slope, What is this other ocean relief feature? Major ocean The relief feature has become the continental slope When we come to the third relief feature, see this There's a slope from here, a little bit from here again It is rising, there is a slight increase again that is, continental rise, that is, continental You can say lift and the fourth one is now see There is no rise or fall after that is it a perfectly flat plane or else we would call it

57:30 are deep sea plane deep sea plane or Then abseil plane abseil I think of plane Is the spelling wrong please tell me quickly British Continental Shelf Slope Rise And abyssal plains, these are our four major oceans rly feature is minor which are these you who Can you see the mountain in the sea This will become our mountain, how many are there I don't remember how many there were, they would have been too many if you have it then do not remember this number, the number is in this If you want to keep in mind then it should be same as C Mount Sea Now when this mountain of the sea stands like this it happens like this, okay so from here Waves move When a wave moves, its top whatever it is it gets torn off, it gets worn out and

58:16 it becomes something like this it is called gut gut is a flat topped sea mount what it is Git this is yours Flat Topped Sea Mount means the mountain of the sea whose The top is completely flat and what else Mid Ocean Ridge which I told you about Mid Ocean Ridge That is, the divergent The ridge that is forming along the plate boundary what are trenches what are trenches Potholes are potholes just like I am you Give me an example, Mariana The Mariana Trench is a challenger deep trench Where in the Pacific Ocean does it lie near The Pacific Ocean grows in the Pacific Ocean This is the deepest point in the world you will know

59:02 What has been discovered so far is Pacific in the Challenger Deep okay Challenger There is a place called Deep Pass, there is Mariana The trench is approximately 11 kilometers deep this day How high is Mount Everest? 88.8 kilometers This marina is deeper than that range so these are some and there are many more there are many such as the what happened to these corals which were found in moga It is called coral and what are corals Hey corals these are very sparkling These corals are of different colours Ours are very important for the environment because it gives us a lot of health like all the waves etc. come which The tsunami wave which was told yesterday, anyway

59:48 Q. Do you 11 exactly? 11 kilometer bermuda triangle will tell you bermuda Triangle, in these things you will find a little there is more interest isn't it, what is it The Bermuda Triangle is in all of this, isn't it? Strange and interesting stories are interesting if there are elements then it is believed that Brother, you could have seen gravity animal there this is what I explained to you yesterday okay the gravity is working in a weird way If she starts behaving, then it is believed that that any ship, plane, etc. from there he does not fly because he believes that He sucks it there because gravity that much means a lot like that It is believed that because of this from there Things that don't fly on planes Because whatever had flown before was back there If they had drowned then it is believed that this happened there but okay anyways let's come to this coral p jo ok they will ask interesting stories in the exam

1:00:35 don't pay attention to More Corals But it is called coral in Hindi what are corals so what are corals It can never exist alone exist in a symbiotic relationship That means they catch one person and something is fine People get used to it, not meant to be alone I won't go anywhere, I won't walk alone I need someone with me I need someone with me Those who can do their work are of that type Corals, what do they work with? Do these people get work done through Elgae? We get them to cook food We get them to cook food what are algae Photosynthetic algae are photosynthetic The sunlight will come and we will cook food from it. We will eat algae too, you don't say anything less clever What will you give us in return then coral says

1:01:20 Will give you shade don't worry We will give you protection, okay? There they run away, there is no one here or there There is no place to stay here like a nomad You keep roaming around, we will give you a place to stay Holding you firmly from the roots I will keep you safe, I won't let you run away If we say it right then both are in a symmetric relationship This colourful thing exists in this if you ask why do these happen These are digno flex These are flagellates, the algae of algae Digno flagellates are found inside it I will never ask but yes, corals survive See what conditions are needed to do this First of all, proper sunlight is needed and Sunlight will come only when there is clear water Muddy water will not become clear water If there is muddy water then sunlight will not come

1:02:06 If sunlight doesn't come then how will you eat? How will the corals survive if they are naked what will you eat and what will you eat then you should be like that type then it will happen okay sunlight And clear water is needed and of better temperature If we talk about temperature then the temperature here Maintain normal temperature neither too much nor too less 30 to 35 degree Celsius saline water cannot survive in fresh water That is why there is no reverse etc. reverse drains its water so We are not found coast to coast If you are okay anywhere and anytime then you need saline water They need such salty water, it is fine for them and and what else which their If you give me agosta then write it here There are so many colours, which colour to choose? do

1:02:54 Egoscue is made of calcium carbonate is made of caco3 all the notes It is made of calcium carbonate This happens because they do a secretion is of calcium carbonate from the same When their death occurs then this happens immediately exist in the colony That is not the case, one or two corals are absolutely dangerous Long chains of corals are seen like this The Biggest and Most Profound Us Corals The chain is seen in Australia here on the eastern side here on the eastern side we call it What does the Great Barrier Reef say Great Can you see the barrier reef, right? the great barrier reef speaks Where can you see it in Australia the great barrier reef in australia When they die in the colony then

1:03:41 Calcium carbonate shell in the presence of He does the same for very long colonies Clear Haiti cheese appears in the form here What happens now is another relief for us This is a minor feature, it is called Atoll This is our last slide, consider it as today's atoll what is the atoll of this so like c The mount came just like the sea mount must have come I just taught C Mount here what happens to you so what around it what is all around sea mount What happened was that Coral gave a little something to the corals if you need something to stick then this is sticky Now what happened to that mountain because of the wave So I left from here or he became a group Either he collapsed or whatever happened he went away So he went away and these people can sleep peacefully.

1:04:27 it is not as if it is said that a donkey etc. whatever happens then it should be treated like this by us The peg is called the place where it is tied, like Just act like this in the peg that I tied him up and he stood there he stays right there, he stands there won't move while it's not tied down but Make him act like this that yes this is like this If I tie him up, he won't go from there It is said so, I haven't seen it But yes it is said like this, so this is the type Hey, this one got stuck here and now he's gone Which mountain was it, it is stuck here now So it will become in ring shape, atoll it They say I understood it and this coral is good what is bleaching what is coral Bleaching of corals is harmful for our ecosystem The first thing is very important Protect from tsunamis etc. and coral bleaching then

1:05:14 Bleaching happens when their color fades When does their colour fade away when there is an ocean Why should the temperature of water increase Global warming will increase global will increase because of warming and when temperature rise One, bleaching will happen because of that and Second, when we use too much fossil fuels we use co2 you know what we Carts etc are being used today how much co2 is being excreted due to which what is happening because of global warming this is why more CO2 is being produced because of the release of carbon dioxide What is carbon dioxide which is our it is ocean water it is ocean water you have asked Question on this, call it ocean acidification They say, if you have asked a question on this then what It happens that the sea water dissolves it

1:06:00 CO2 is normally also dissolved, but When more comes, we will mingle even more We are causing deforestation of our vehicles We are using the industries so much If it is flourishing more then its CO2 Excitation is increasing, global warming is increasing If it is happening then the temperature increases normally it happened and when the temperature increases the water then its dissolving capacity is also increases then co2 got dissolved in it And When carbonyl ide is formed then this thing will be called We talk about ocean acidification and this ocean Corals are bad for us because of acidification are happening okay the lecture is over now what do we do I will ask you questions, okay, I am ready Everybody has questions and nobody has any there is no doubt here Till now no one has any doubt about this

1:06:50 and those who spam, they I will block you if the time is out Sir why is there dark blue in the middle? Where is it? Where is the Dark Blue But we don't know why it is dark blue Why dark blue There are two to four lines of study in Bhojpuri yes this doubt is yours Bermuda Triangle Bermuda Triangle Atlantic ocean falls on yours okay atlantic ocean Mysterious Triangle in

1:07:48 hai ha and what a mash thama like p pj since then we are esting you Do we feel that we are very old today? I don't know since when you have been teaching GK Ok Million Years Experience I neither look at the teachers nor write for 10 years Experience of 20 years to 50 years Experience the Millionaire Experience This Pajiya was so thin even when it was breaking I am from 1962 If 1961 is written in NCERT then that I have a coat Why isn't coral green the only thing

1:08:34 Because of Dignan Fuglet who makes them different providing colours yes sir there were no notes of tide pdf It was messing up, just see that Shubham Rayo It was updated It was updated not yet If it happens then I will get it done, right now yes komla yes those are the plantains y 00 who told shreyas Greetings Gurudev, CGL result came on 30th Out of 50 in GK was my first attempt Studied GK in the last month thank you sir now Nit zindabad for men absolutely Saya ji First congratulations and toe Saturday Sunday If it happens then you can revise the old one Keep doing it, there is no need to revise the old one

1:09:20 do nothing new nothing new just saturday I have to tow it on Sunday and get something from anywhere You don't need to do what you've read just revise it from here and there meaning whatever also you have read it okay so let's go off to the Following is an example of formation of metamarket so Metaminidae My hobby is sedimentary work i.e., sedimentary rock limestone too Sedimentary limestone sand stone all these and these are also sedimentary slate will be fine what is slate made of Shell is made from shale, which itself is sedimentary it occurs

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