Full transcript of “사람은 왜 살아야 하나요? 톨스토이가 전한 단 두 가지 이유 l 레프 톨스토이의 『사람은 무엇으로 사는가』”. Click a timestamp to open the video at that moment. Need another video? Use the YouTube transcript generator.
0:00 It's a comforting book. When I'm having a hard time, I read this book as if I was drinking a bottle of medicine. What a Man Lives for and The Fool's Mouth have slightly different focuses, but they both talk about how love and detachment are important factors . As I read the book, I really come to see how important sharing with others is in our lives and how important it is to maintain our humanity . hello. Professor Lee's Book and People Creator, Wonjong Lee, Department 1, Seoul National University . Oh, you may have already read it today, but I
0:48 brought it here for those who haven't yet. As we live, it sometimes feels like the people around us or the world are betraying us, and we get so tired that we wonder if we should continue living. Is there really any meaning to living? Sometimes I think like this . This is a book that provides comfort at times like these. When I'm having a hard time, I read this book as if I was drinking a bottle of medicine. This is Leo Tolstoy's What Men Live By. This book can be said to be a collection of Tolstoy's short stories. It contains several short stories. In Korea, there are several different versions depending on the publisher. Depending on the publisher, the novels included may differ, so
1:35 you can take a look at them and choose . The book I brought today is the version from Modern Intellect. Oh, this book also contains the fool's mouth that I will introduce to you today, in addition to What That Person Lives For . First, I'd like to introduce a little bit about what people live for. This book begins with the story of a successful shoemaker named Semon . This Semon . I am a person who lives in extreme poverty. So, I ca n't even afford to buy my own clothes, it's too cold, and my coat is worn out, so now I have to go to the market to buy sheep fur . But in the end, you can't get sheepskin in that market.
2:21 On the way back, unable to find him, he found a young man lying naked on the wall of the church. So, at first, Semyon thought that there was something strange and suspicious about this young man, but later he woke him up, put on his old coat, and brought him home. When I brought him home, my wife looked at him with a somewhat unpleasant expression. The house is poor and we do n't have any money, and instead of my husband preparing something for us, he invited a stranger and asked us to feed him dinner. I couldn't be happier. So at first he was a bit annoyed, but then he
3:11 noticed that this person had a gentle look in his eyes, so he started to prepare meals for him and let him stay at home . From then on, this person will live with my family in Semion. Hey, this guy's name is Mikhail. At that time, Mikhail had a special Jeju. So, he does a great job of helping people become successful in oral surgery . So, I live my life wondering how I got this lucky charm . One day, a very wealthy nobleman came to see him and asked him to create a painting . He said that he needed very strong boots that would not wear out even after being worn for a long time, and he brought me some very good leather. So I gave it to Mikhail
3:58 and told him to try making shoes for this person. Well, Mikhail tried to make boots, but instead of cutting them long like boots, he cut them very narrow like he was making shoes . So I was thinking, "Oh, that 's expensive leather, what should I do with it?" and was worried about washing it. But then suddenly I heard news. That rich nobleman suddenly died in an accident . So the shoes that were needed were not boots, but shoes that this person could wear when he was put into the coffin . Then, both Semyon and his wife Madriona were shocked. I was a little surprised at what kind of person this child named Mia-il was that he had such great talent that he could make shoes instead of boots
4:46 . Michael confesses that he is actually an angel who was in heaven . So now it's a surprise. No, what happened to the angel in our house? So, what Mia-il is saying is that when he came down from heaven, he was asked three questions by the god. He had to find the answers to these three questions in order to return to heaven . What were those three questions? The first was, What is inherent in man? The second is something people don't know. So, the first question was, what is not permitted for humans? The third question was, what do humans live by? These were the three questions. But now Mia is speaking. I
5:32 now know all three answers. First of all, what is contained in a person? At first, you found that Mia crouching against the wall of the church, covered her with your coat, and brought her home. So I discovered the answer that love exists within people . And through the image of that rich nobleman, he came to know that what is not permitted to people is the ability to see ahead of themselves . And finally, he says that he has finally found the answer to the question of what people live for: to love those around them, and then he bids farewell and returns to heaven . Let me
6:19 read part 1 of Mikhail's last words . I have come to know that everyone lives with love and not with concern for themselves . Mothers didn't know what their children needed to live. The rich man did not know what he needed . No one knew whether what was needed at dinner time was boots for the living or shoes without a neck for the dead . When I was a human, what allowed me to survive was not my own plans, but the love in the hearts of a passerby and his wife . The boas survived not because they could take care of themselves, but because of the love in the heart of a strange woman who pitied them
7:06 . Everyone lives not because of their own plans, but because of the love that is within them . yes. The second work I'm going to introduce is 'The Idiot's Mouth'. The fool's mouth is now a farmer who makes a living by farming . He has two older brothers . Oh, those two guys have personalities and qualities that are a bit different from that idiot . My older brother was, what can I say, a power- seeking person. So, uh, he was someone who pursued things like the military or some kind of political power . The second spirit was a person who was good at commerce and pursued things like gold and money . On the other hand, the foolish mouth
7:58 was a friend who had no realistic sense of things, to the point that people would tease him for being an idiot. When people ask you for help, you help them without receiving any compensation, and if they ask for something, you just take it and use it. This is what the person said. So, the people around me used to worry a lot and wonder what would happen if I lived like that stupidly. But then demons appear in heaven . When these demons see this new brother, they decide to ruin his life. So, he goes to the older brother who pursues power, the second brother who pursues money, and he starts to use their greed and anger and other emotions to ruin them. My brother eventually falls into the devil's trap and is ruined. The second one is also
8:46 now ruined by his own greed . But the devil's trick doesn't work on the fool's mouth. Even if you say you will give some power to a foolish person, he will be bewildered and not be greedy for it because he does not know what it is . Even if they are given some kind of financial temptation, they do n't treat it like a gold nugget or some kind of toy . Let me read this part again . When the mobilization of the army failed to penetrate the mouth, the old devil left for a while and then re-entered the kingdom in the mouth, transformed into a neat gentleman . I was going to ruin your mouth with money like a pot-bellied rascal . I want to do something good for the Emperor . Let me give you wisdom and insight . I will build a house and do business in the Emperor's country
9:32 . Do that. Live in our country. The neat gentleman slept overnight and went out into the square in the morning, brought out a huge gold coin jar and a piece of paper, and said: You are all living like pigs . Let me teach you how to live . Please build me a house according to these blueprints. I will pay you in gold. The gentleman showed the gold. The fools were surprised. This was because they had no gold in their factories and had been paying each other for their work through barter . They were amazed when they saw the gold . This is really cool stuff. They brought things and did things to receive the gold. The old devil printed gold coins indiscriminately, just as he had done in the kingdom of Taras, and people
10:19 brought all kinds of things and did all kinds of things to exchange for gold . The old devil thought with joy . Things are finally going well . Now, like Trarus, we need to bankrupt the fool. I'll even buy their internal organs . The fools took the gold coins and gave them to An-ak to make a necklace, all the girls wiped their hair with the gold coin rings, and the children played with the gold coins in the streets . But when all the people had a lot of gold, they stopped going to get it. The neat gentleman's mansion is only half built, and the grain and livestock have not yet been secured for a year. The gentleman told them to come to work and bring grain and livestock . He announced that he would pay a large amount of gold for all the goods
11:05 . But no one came to work and brought nothing. A boy or girl might come by and exchange an egg for gold, but without them, there really was no one left, so he was left with nothing . The clean-cut judge, suffering from hunger, began to wander around the village buying lunch . He went into a yard, ate a chicken head, and gave gold, but the landlady did not accept it. Even without that, I have a lot. She said. For An-ak, who lived alone, he gave gold to buy a blue tiger. No, sir. Since I don't have any kids, I had no one to give them to, and I just ended up taking three because they were just things I had been looking for. He went into the farmer's house to get some bread. The farmer didn't receive any money either. No need. Please wait a moment.
11:51 I'll ask my wife to cut some bread for me. Just for Christ's sake. At those words, the devil spat and ran out of the farmer's house . Receiving anything in the name of Christ was secondary, and just hearing those words was more terrible than being stabbed with a sword . So he didn't even get any bread . Everyone already had plenty of gold . Wherever the old devil went, no one offered anything for money . That's all everyone said. Bring something different or come do some work. Otherwise, just take it for Christ . yes. In this country where a foolish violator has become the emperor, people are
12:38 not interested in gold coins except for a very small amount of gold coins to play with or use for decoration. Oh, this has a lot to say to our society. Whether it's money or material things, we may have more greed than we need, or we may want to invest it to increase and create more for some purpose, but in a way, what we need in our lives may only be a very small part. But in our consumer society, aren't our greed and waste increasing, or rather, are we doing things with our hands and sharing them with others decreasing ? Tolstoy's
13:24 story of a fool's mouth sends us a message that. In the end, what does a person live for and the fool's mouth have slightly different focuses, but both have the same question: what is important to humans? What I am saying is that, in the end, love and detachment are important factors for humans. Oh, our real lives are a world where those two things are not considered that important, but when you read the book on Tulstoy , you really see how important sharing with people is in our lives and how important it is to maintain our humanity . yes. Today, I'm introducing Tolstoy's short story collection, What Men Live By
14:13 . As you may have sensed from the passages I quoted, this book is composed of very easy and elegant stories. But each and every one of them contains a powerful and clear message that Tolstoy really wanted to convey to people . If you need comfort and courage in your difficult life, I think it would be a good idea to read Tolstoy's short story collection . Okay, that's all for today's video. If you enjoyed today's video, please like, subscribe, and turn on notifications. I'll see you again in another video next time . thank you [music]
