The expansion and settlement of the Dutch in

0:00 okay so we consider in this section the expansion and settlement of the dut in southern Africa as you have noted after the exit of Jan van rebeck further expansion of European settlement began with the coming of Simon vaner Steel in 1679 Vander still had come to strengthen the base in the settlement for the Dutch company of course he achieved this by encouraging immigration and also turning the settlement into a all right unlike the settlement system which was created by rebec so by this time Europe was just coming out of the religious War and the the relics of the no the dust was not fully settled for instance there were quite a number of

0:46 Robos as you have mentioned in France the Protestants were already suffering from persecution under the Catholic majority which you have noted earlier the Dutch company however took uh advantage of all of this situation no to bring in more people into the into the colony in southern Africa so this started from 18 1688 where uh the Dutch offered def fleeing French Protestants a new home in the cape no far from their Catholic Homeland and there were quite a number of Innovations also put in place by the ddge as have noted no injecting more people from different part of Europe prisoners and servants so of course uh they were not only providing new homes

1:31 for the Protestants and other immigrant to practice their religion they were going to give this know Europeans know learn to walk to for to work no on and to sustain themselves and to start a new life at the cape and this would have a very very severe implication on the land and the people of southern Africa more importantly no they were given land to provide no uh given opportunity to provide uh a new system a new racial system in southern Africa in about 5 years no the French for instance who migrated to the Colony no where over 200 no and 200 uh and subsequently the population started increasing the presence of this French ugot was to have

2:18 a profound and a lasting effect on the development of the colony most of these people became as a matter of fact the first colonist of the Dutch themselves you know in addition to the indigenous people and these people because they had no other alternative no other homes other than the new cap they had to immerse themselves in the social economic system most of these people would have to dispossess the indigenous people of their means of livelihoods especially taking over their occupation most of these Dutch boers for instance became farmers and subsequently took into catle grazings which was a major corporation of the KO koi and as you have noted so an important development in this regard was the creation of a definite government and an

3:04 Administration by the Dutch the cap under this during this period was under the command of governor general and Council in India just like the way the British after the anation and colonization of Lagos how to March Lagos with its West African colonies in Gambia in serri alone in good Coast all right so because of the vastness of these Dutch Empires the Dutch know probably station have a governor general and Council in India apart no and no this actually regulated the Affairs in the colony so major decisions and policy of the cape were controlled by this uh political structure and there was also a high court and an Army in charge of defending

3:49 the territory of the colony and by the half by the second half of the 17th century as we have noted the simple settlement that evolved had transformed met for if you like into know what became a colony with its own government and a new development know actually occord know which change the scheme of things so the Dutch by this time had cemented their presence here by establishing an authority through which uh they will subjugate know their colonies either the French OT the kooi the the Bantu baso erer ambo or Zulu and all of that so the uh of course they would relate with the uh uncoming

4:35 Europeans also the who would become interested because from in our 300 level class as have noted more Europeans became so interested in the cape the Germans came so consequently know following the Minal Revolution which will consider in 300 level the the apart from the know the British came and all the util Landers and all of this contributed to the making of a historic catastrophe and tragedy in southern Africa so the expansion and spread of these boas and colonies was know greatly link with the sech of grazing land as I've mentioned most of them became so interested in cattle grazing crop farming also was became a major occupation of the boas and of course

5:20 this would affect the me of livelihood of survival of the indigenous people it was just a matter of time that no confrontations and Anarchy no would be unleash between these two groups the large number of people who join this trade no cause a pressing need of grazing land all right and of course the land question became so intense such that farmers competed not just for sales know and trade but for land know the Africans themselves were pushing each other to the brim as we will see in our 300 level when we considering the inan which was a period of disruption no and turbulent m in the history of southern Africa notably of course we've noted that the land no needed for Cle

6:07 was not the kind no offered by the Dutch no government and that was one of the reasons that caused the boers to move further into the interior interor level we look at the great track which is a not a very interesting topic to look at so the colonist inevit became began to move beyond the the areas they occupied at the cape no in search of grazing land to sustain their pastoral activities so these were the this was known as the T no boas and they went beyond the established Frontiers and created new extension successive governors in southern Africa the Dutch Governor sought to contain the expansion but this had no uh substantive effect all right as the Dutch continue so this of course

6:55 culminated know in severe conflict between the boas and the indigenous people the expansion of the boas affected other groups that had no settled there theous people and it also know disturb the rim of agricultural lives and pastoral lives of the son of the Ki and of the Bantu all right so the sun among the other people know indigenous people who looked his Dodge in the face the sun resisted fiercely but like the KO koi they were defeated decisively no and killed without Mercy by the Dutch by the boers European boers who needed the land know had occupied by the 18th century had occupied everywhere launch massacr and obliterations of the

7:42 human hrant to acquiring the land this was a massive no existential Calamity that befel the know the K koi and the S people and also it also came to miss the bant two no it was the he of dispossession it was the he of dislo a the opum and the rascality on the part of the bers all right who didn't care no all they needed was to take over the land the land gring phenomenal so of course they also brought small PST epidemics that spread from Euro Asian camps to the native camps and also greatly led to more loss of Native population especially the kisan who were affected by know the diseases and also by the know the use of weaponry and and

8:30 arms against them the dispossession so what we have noted in this session is that the uh coming of the European was attributed is associated with the making of the historical tragedy in southern Africa of course this was made possible by the Dutch quest for vegetable for meat and fresh water so if in the exam you were asked that meat fresh water and vegetable how logical is this in the making of a historical catastrophe in southern Africa so you would be able to situate this within the context know of the factors that drove the attention that brought about the attention of the Dutch in southern Africa of course this had an over hacking effect as we have talking about unra relation in

9:18 conclusion we've noted that three distinct categories of people know inhabited the southern African area before 180 know uh which you have mentioned the indigenous people all right the makinging of the KO koi and the S and the banto on the one hand then you now have the know the Dutch the French ugot came subsequently another Europeans came so these were the know the indigenous people we've mentioned of know the B two apart from the B two the San K and no other Bantu subgroups sua duni and all the other who shaped the southern Africa so the European Asian immigrants as you have noted no where the Dutch the English and the ugot fle the French Protestants and know several

10:05 legislation in Europe about all of this fell on the indigenous people and this actually affected so of course we we have noted that the coming of the European was what led to know the the the rhetorics in some of the European literature that no s Africa just like people have said Lagos is a noras land that southern Africa was a noras land because it claim they met no no inhabitants at the cave when they encounter but this is an erroneous belief it is not just an erroneous belief but is a misconception arising from palpable ignorance of the historical anthropology of southern Africa as you have noted okay all right the Arians believe that this area was

10:51 empty and not inhabitant gave the justification for European emony no and also the manipulation of power give no rise to the aparted crisis in southern Africa during the 19th century thank you very much