0:00 hello everyone and welcome to this introductory tutorial on qjs qjs on 101 whatever you want to call it but um happy you're here my name is Matt forest and today I'm going to be taking you through uh this GIS software qgis so qgs is an open source toolkit that means it's free and open to use and this tutorial is meant for the absolute beginner or even if you use qgs before I think you can pick up a few new things that you can use in your analysis so even if you've never performed GIS before or any spatial analysis or touch software like this uh no worries we're going to cover everything from the ACT Basics getting installed and set up and then producing some of your own Maps doing everything from analyzing elevation data looking at different data um from Parks and different locations doing some very basic spatial analysis so you get the full uh overview of what you can do with this really amazing
0:45 software so I'm really excited to get started so let's go ahead and jump in so let's go ahead and jump into our first section and we're going to talk about why you want to use qgis a little bit behind the project and then how to download the software and go ahead and get started primary reason people want to use qgis is that is free and open source software which means that it is free of course that you can use and download so there's nothing you have to pay to actually use the software and it's open source meaning the code and the contributions behind it are open and available to the public to see and contribute um As Long as You Follow the contribution rules and things like that so um as you can kind of see here on the website uh it talks about how people are contributing from literally all over the globe they have for years um there's different ways to support it and then there's a number of different people that back the project um companies and
1:31 uh things like that that actually support it uh through you know their uh money basically so that's how they kind of do that so there's different ways to if you want to check it out and get involved here uh this is the website so there's some different tabs you can click here to learn a little bit about uh what qgis is uh there's different guides for users so if you want to take it a little bit further from this you can actually check out um you know some of the training material support there's also user groups so there's people all over the world that kind of organize these user groups which is really cool as well um if you want to get involved in the project there's different ways to do that with testing or mailing or you know documentation or things like that and then here's all of the documentation that you need now you need to know your version number to get the right documentation but uh a lot of the key Concepts that we're talking about here
2:16 will carry over to Future versions um but the other things you can check here are what has changed and stuff like that um so that's the basics of the qgis website now as you see here there's lots of different versions of qgis and it's const L developing and people are adding a lot to the system uh not only through the core software but the large ecosystem of plugins that you can actually use to extend the software quite a bit and we'll talk about those later in the course as well but there's so much you can do with this it's just really crazy how it's gone from when I started using it right about when it came out to now it's just growing and exploded it really it's it's amazing to see what it's done the other great thing is that it's crossplatform so you can use it on a Mac like I'm using here on Windows on Linux so you can pretty much use it anywhere and it's also open source so you can can kind of deploy it in Cloud environments and different
3:02 places like that so it's really you know easy to kind of scale and use and grow as you need to use it from that perspective so a quick history uh qjs started in 2008 uh I think this is one of the original guides uh a gentle introduction to GIS this one's from 2009 um but you can kind of check this out this is you know some of the early days of qgis and and how people got started you can see some of the original views of qgis here Quantum GIS as it was called uh 1.0.0 so one of the original versions here uh but really cool to see it's gone from this in 2008 I started using in 2010 when I graduated um and it's just really gone into this really amazing ecosystem so uh qjs really focuses on providing tools for both the
3:47 introductory user if you're using GIS software for the first time and if you need to learn it from the base uh from the ground up as it were uh qgs is the perfect place to start with that it's very easy to adapt to and learn especially if you're familiar with desktop software um and then some basic GIS Concepts that all the way up to really Advanced use cases I mean people have used this to create really complex uh projects and things on the web I've seen you know you know trajectory data being used and all kinds of stuff there's scripting for Python and different Integrations all over the place so it's not just like you can use it and then you reach a certain level and you can't anymore um you can scale it and use it with different projects as well uh on top of that it integrates with a lot of other open-source software so things like post JS you can plug in and use that data there's other data
4:33 connectors um and it's completely open so as it grows and evolves it just kind of keeps growing and moving from there so the license of the software is under the Creative Commons 4.0 license uh that means that it's free to distribute and change and modify under certain conditions if you want to get more into that uh you can check out the website here and get more specifics on the licensing and stuff like that um and that gives you some more detail on you know kind of how you can use it and what bounds you can use it within but for the most part it's it's opens our software which is really great so now that we've covered a little bit about the project let's go ahead and uh download a new version so I just downloaded this as of the time I'm recording this in January 2024 the current version is 3.34 pren uh and you can basically download that here so when you hit download it should bring you to the right version for your
5:18 operating system uh if you need to go to Windows or if you need to go to Linux or uh any other sort of open operating system you can do those here so uh all you have to do is Click download that's going to download a zip file onto your machine and then you should be walked through the installation steps from there um pretty simple to do I just downloaded mine here uh and this is what pops up when it opens up so on my computer this is what happens uh it's just going to ask you to basically drag this into your applications folder at least on the Mac and once you've done that it'll ask you if you want to keep both the previous version if you have a previous version or just install the new version uh you should just overwrite the new version and go from there so that's pretty much it for a Macintosh uh they'll include some other instructions if you need them for Windows uh but if you do need any um issues or R into any roadblocks here uh there's great sort of
6:04 you know instructions here on how to download this for your different operating system so depending on your computer and security settings and things like that you may get a message that it can't open it because it can't be it's not from a verified developer uh at least on Mac that's basically means it didn't come directly from the App Store so you can get around that you have to go into settings and security and then actually look into there and it'll say that you know your computer tried to open qgis and it wasn't able to so ahead and say it's okay to open that as long as that's okay with you being it your computer or your work computer um you know the software is very stable so there's no issues or anything like that um and then you should see this uh pop up so basically we have our new version of qjs that's going to open up and here is the opening page of qgis when you open it up you'll see some different
6:49 news and things like that so um some basic stuff here uh we'll talk about what that is in a minute so if you want to click on the news you can open that up and pass to that but for now we're just going to close this out um and move this over um so let's go ahead and start with a quick tour of what is on the qgs interface where things are and what you can use from there okay so now that we've downloaded and installed qgis we can go ahead and take a look at the actual application interface and start to navigate our way around a little bit so the first thing you always want to do is start a new project so you can do that here by going to project a new or you can just double click here that should open up a new project for you to get started with now before we jump in we'll walk through the interface so you can kind of acclimate yourself to where things are in the application of course
7:36 this might look a little bit different if you're on Windows versus uh Mac versus Linux or anything like that but for the most part everything pretty much Remains the Same so the first thing I'm going to point out is the layers list and this will start to pop up when we add data to the map but that's down here in this lower left corner you can see here this includes um all the layers that you're going to list you can change the order remove them do some filtering uh change visit ability and things like that and you can also control them from the individual layer itself so that's the first place is where you're going to look is you're going to see all these different layers in the map that's there the other thing that you can look at is up here and this is your file browser these are all your available data sources that you might want to start to use and pull within the map so as you can see here I have uh my Macintosh system I can see where all my data is
8:22 here uh I can also go and see that here so this is my home drive which is just the higher level of that uh there's different volumes then you can create some favorites here if you want to store those so let's go ahead and add a new favorite in here I'm going to go in here to Mac HD I'm going to go to Mac documents and then I have a folder in here called qgis tutorial I can go ahead and add that as a favorite and now we can get right back to that whenever we want um you'll also see some different options for things like a Geo package file if you have postgress or spatial light connected those are database options that you can connect and you can see a bunch of others here too there's uh web mapping Services XY YZ tiles all these different things including args rest servers if you want to find some data that's in a open data portal that happens to be backed by esri uh you can
9:07 actually pull those in here and go ahead and add those so we'll cover how to add these in a minute but for right now we'll just add our favorites here and this is where we'll be pulling in all our data for the tutorial uh if you want the data you can either follow along I have all the links so if you want up-to-date data um you can use that if not you can just download what we have here and use that so this big blank white area here is the map canvas now this is where the map will eventually show up and uh you'll start to see that here um a few things to note As you move the map around you can see you can see the coordinate system down at the bottom right here as I move my cursor you'll start to see where that is and ultimately this isn't centered around z00 or somewhere nearby um and then you can see the scale here now you can automatically adjust this or as you zoom in and out you can use your uh Mouse
9:53 scroll or something like that to do that uh there's also the magnification if you want to zoom in with the mag magnifier and rotate the map things like that you can also turn off the rendering if you want it to not render uh every time you change the zoom you can do that so that's helpful if it starts on like a really high level view like the entire nation or the world and you want to zoom into maybe like a state level or a city level turn it off and then just turn it back on when you need to render it again otherwise it might like freeze up and do things like that um all your projections are managed here so this is for the project projection uh you can see all the available projections in here uh and you can see where those look like um and then you can also change these you can this will basically show you the ones they've used recently um so out of the box it probably will only have a few uh but you can go ahead and manage those
10:38 from the project setting here there's a bunch of other kind of settings that you can see here which we'll get into later now up at the top this is what we'll call the toolbar these are a bunch of different preset options that you can include to actually work with the map so some of your basic ones are your file options if you want a new project to open save uh do things like that you can start a print lay out uh your Zoom pan uh zooming options here um there's some like zooming history if you want to zoom to the last thing or before creating a new map view within the uh the map canvas is something you can do there's bookmarks um spatially bookmarks if you think of it that way uh the identify features which we'll be using quite a bit you can actually click on something in the map and see something about it uh there's some other spatial tools here for creating new geometries if you want to create a layer we'll be doing that a
11:25 little bit just to kind of see what's on the map and changing it from that perspective um and then there's some related plug-in things here that you can actually do so there's a lot here especially when you're editing features all these should start to open up uh but just keep in mind everything up here is changeable if you want to add something to the toolbar uh you just rightclick over here and if there's any of these things that you want to add in it's very easy just to toggle those on and off and select them so let's say we want to add the raster toolbar we can certainly do that here if you want to turn that back off you can turn it off there so it's really your like bookmarks or something like that in this top toolbar that you want want to access quite a bit so keep in mind customizable you can change it to whatever settings you want and then on the top here you can see that there's the different menus so this is a lot of the same things that you could put into the toolbar but you can access that in
12:11 there's settings uh you can manage your plugins there's Vector tools raster tools database tools all these different things that you can actually start to build out now if you don't wor if something is you can always try try typing in help otherwise um throughout the course we may use chat GPT just to ask a quick question because all of that document and information that's out there already uh GPT is already taken a look at in index so that's a really good place to say hey I'm trying to do this thing what should I do now there's one other menu I want to show you and that is the processing toolbox when I open that that's going to open up to the right here and this has a lot of the analysis tools that you'll be using in qgis over here so as you can see here you can see which ones you've used recently and then actually look through and see if there's doing network analysis or if you want to interact with
12:56 different layers and things like that uh file sort of creation tools and uh different things from you can do gal operations and grass operations here as well so there's a lot in here uh it would take the whole section to go through all these different things but let's say you just want to do raster type of operations you can type that in you can see what you can actually start to get so there's all of these different options lots of things we can actually do here uh and that's really cool to check out so all great tools if you want to you know look at these different things if you want to go raster to Vector uh oop then you can see what that actually looks like here so that's the very uh quick overview of everything in the layout of qgis you can see you have your different components up on the four kind of corners of the uh application interface in your menus here so our next
13:42 job is to really start adding some data to the map so let's jump into the next section we'll put some data on the map we'll show you how to get data what data you should be looking for and everything like that so now we're going to grab some data to put in our map um I'm going to be using the New York City open data portal uh for a couple reasons one I live here so I know what's there um two is that a lot of people kind of generally know things in New York City we're going to be taking a look at Central Park today um I think most people kind of know what Central Park is um and that may you know make it easier to interact with and then third is that there's just a ton of data here there's so much that we could pull in and you might want to go out and explore and see things like that but uh it's a great place to get started so it's pretty easy to like actually open up a search um let's say we just want to look for trees uh there's a pretty famous New York City
14:28 Tree Center data set I can search that here um and then you can actually see the results uh of the individual tree senses here so uh what you can do to see like map related data is you can actually filter this to map and then it will just show you the results for map and the keyword trees if you just want to search all things map uh you can just delete your you know your text query here and then it'll show you everything so there's 342 different layers of data for you to play around with here some of them are are small data sets a few points or polygons some of them are really massive and we'll talk about the scale of those so um like I said we're going to be taking a look at Central Park and and some of the other parks in New York City uh so we'll go to this layer here this is the parks properties map these are all the things that the New York City Parks Department actually owns and operates so you see you have
15:14 your small parks to the city your giant ones like Central Park uh others out in Queens and in Brooklyn and things like that so this is the data that we want to pull in so how do we actually get this data out and into our map let's take a look right over here so how do we actually get to this data now you can actually click this export button up here and we only have a few options that are really nonspatial the CSV might include the the polygons in them but it's a little bit tricky so one thing we want to look for in this map and this uh portal has changed a little bit is this little button right here so you can view the source data set that's sort of the map view of that data set and now this is the full data set as you can see here you can actually play with some of this data in this interface or we want to go to export here and we want to download this file so there's a few options for spatial specific data there's KML kmz
16:02 shape file and geojson now um KML and kmz are specific to the Google Earth interface they will work in qjs um they just sometimes have some extra properties that we may not want so I'd encourage you to look at shape file or geojson now shape file will actually download as a zip file and will include at least four or other you know four more files with it that has information about the projection and the data and all those other pieces so it can get like a little bit confusing because it's it's a zip zip file but you only need the SHP to open it but you need the other files to read it um it's kind of a you know it's one of those older formats that just been used forever uh but I like the geojson option it's a single file uh you don't really have to you know do anything else with it so we're going to go ahead and select that and hit
16:47 download and that's going to download here so we can see that we have this data and I'm just going to move it into that folder and then we'll jump back into qgis so you can do the same on your end take that file you downloaded and put it in whatever Source folder you're using on your side okay so I've added my data in um I'm ready to go and I can actually go here and open this up and you can see now that I have this specific layer here it's reading that in it's saying that it's the park properties CSV and I can do a few things um that I actually want to do um we'll add the layer to project you can right click on it that way and do that or you can just drag and drop it into this layer space so once we do that it will add to the map and we should start to see our data populate so this is the data that we want to see we've added it to the map we can see it just looks like like the other data there and that's the first step is kind of adding layers to
17:32 the map that's really how it works is you download a file put it in a location you want then add it to the map and and you're ready to go so that gives us that first layer that we can actually play around with so now you can see as I move the map around it's starting to change you'll see this uh status bar of it recalculating I can zoom in and see the layers at a more granular level here you can see this is like a strip of of you know parks along Park Avenue I believe this is um and you can kind of see some of these different things uh from this perspec perspective so you can see this start to change and move around a little bit I should note that you can also add layers here if you want to add different layers from this menu you can certainly do that uh but this gives you the starting point now if you want to see what each of these elements are we're going to click on this little icon with the I up here that's our tool to look at the feature selection so now you can see
18:17 my mouse has changed I have my little eye and I can actually click on that when I do now that I move myself out of the way we can actually see what we have here so this is the properties of that data set uh you can see that there's a jurisdiction is it mapped what's the ZIP code it's in um all this different information you get a URL link to the actual Park site here's obviously the name you know Central Park is it a category it's a flagship Park uh where it runs to all of these different you know information about this individual Parks we can keep moving around and looking at other Parks as well if you want to click down here should be Washington Square Park you can get the streets once again all this other information about that so really when we look at map data there's two components to that first there is the geometry actually where exists like I mentioned earlier there's points lines and polygons these are our polygon data sets
19:03 so that's the actual you know where this thing is the geometry the place that it is representing on the map and then you have all your other data here that basically represents the uh you know the tabular data that's associated with that thing so that can be anything from a string you know like text Fields it can be numeric it can be uh a URL it can be anything we kind of want to put in there so there's a lot you can actually do with that so to get out of this view you actually have to change this mouse you want to go back to the hand over here which will allow you to move the map around and you can close this out if you're done with looking at the features from that side if we jump back here I picked out a few different layers like I said you can download these from the links if you want to um those are our original Parks data set here uh these are playground areas if you want to use those so this is a data set of like playground areas uh we'll go ahead and
19:50 Export this and you can see here we'll get the geojson view let's go ahead and do that again uh these are the so this layer is the NYC parks Forever Wild map these are ecologically important natural resources within the parks these are very like kind of protected areas within the park uh we can go ahead and do our double export here open that up and then hit export and geojson once again there we go uh we also have our Park permits area these are areas where you can actually uh you know set up an event within the park so if you want to register an event we can go ahead and Export that as well and then these are our bike routes that go through the actual uh Park and actually all over the city so what we can do here go ahead we'll export those is
20:35 geojson and then the last one which I think is just probably one of the strangest data sets I've come across for NYC open data is the uh squirrel census where they actually go and count squirrels where they're seen in the park and this one actually tracks their fur color okay so now that I have those layers what we can do I'm going to move those from my downloads folder into my folder uh you can go ahead and do the same and then then we'll revisit that in a minute we'll jump back over to q and start adding layers to the map okay so as you can see here I've added my new layers in I can see those in my uh favorites folder here and we can just start to add those in so we have our properties let's go ahead and add those play areas on top of the map here so now you can see those play areas are popping up in the map they're quite Smalls but you should be able to see them there um we'll also add in our squirrel sensus
21:22 here to see where squirrels have been seen throughout the park and then we'll also add in our bike routes and then our Forever Wild areas so now we have multiple layers on the map you can start to see where things are showing up um you can start to see a little basic information like a street grid um of course you can't see everything here you would have to go and download tons of layers to create a map and actually see this so we're going to do two things here so the first thing is we're going to add a plugin it's the most popular plugin in qgis so people use it all the time uh it's called quick map Services which basically allows you to add a base map underneath this so you don't have to add all those other contextual layers to the map and the second is we're going to change the projection so it looks a little bit different you'll see why as we add those in but we'll touch more on plugins later in the course but first
22:08 let's go ahead and manage and install plugins you can do that right up here and this will open this up and you'll see all of the different plugins that you can have available so there's lots and lots and lots there's a lot to go through here so we'll talk about some of the top most popular ones later on but for right now we just want that quick map services so you can start typing that in map Services as you can see I've had this enabled on my uh computer already in qgis if you've installed it already what you can do you may need to upgrade it so I'll go ahead and upgrade my plugin if not you'll just have to add it and then it will be installed to make sure it installed you just have to click here and you'll see yes I have installed my quick map services and I'm ready to go from there so before we go any further let's go ahead and actually save our map so we can add do that up here we'll hit save um let's go ahead and put
22:55 that in our folder so I'll go to documents I'll go to qjs tutorial this will save as a qgz uh basically a qjs file type and you can go ahead and hit save and then you'll see that up here uh if you do see that little uh star at the top that means your work is unsaved so you want to be periodically going through and hitting the save button just so you make sure you don't lose anything there so after I installed that plugin for some reason I had to restart qgis um it it maybe works I just needed a quick restart because it couldn't find the plugin uh that may or may not happen to you so just be aware that that's something you might have to do I'm going to go ahead and open up the project you'll see here it's under your recent project so it shouldn't be going anywhere and you've saved that um and then to find the plugin It Go when plugins are installed they go into various parts of the menu um what I want to do here is you can start typing for
23:40 quick map services and you can see that's over here under web is where that lives uh but it may or may not have actually added it here as well so you can add a quick map service you can see some of the different options we have here there's NASA layers as well as open street map we're just going to add the open street map standard service and you can see now we have the complete complete open street map base map here which shows everything from roads and locations and things like that but you'll see the text looks kind of funky and that's because of the projection that we're working in so most web Maps use the web Mercator map projection that is uh the epsg code 3857 3857 and you can see here we're in 4326 so we can quickly fix that this is the project setting remember and we'll go here and change the uh
24:25 projection for the project if you don't see it under recent you can go ahead and search that but we'll go ahead and hit okay and to check that the work looks good we hit apply we'll hit okay and now everything looks great now you can change your projections uh based on if you need specific projections either for a print layout or for measurements or anything like that they're basically all there so you should be able to use them uh but at least this gets us started for to keep it accurate to the base map so it's readable and legible for what we want to do now it's not the the best projection there's lots of different topics on that uh but that's a story for another day we'll keep pressing on from here now just a quick overview of the layers that we have on the map uh as you can see here this is the order that these will be rendered and so for some reason I want to put this osm layer on the top you'll see nothing else below it because everything else is rendered
25:12 underneath that layer uh if I wanted to toggle a layer on and off I can do that here and you'll see it'll go to italics the checkbox won't show up and you can see that those areas are now off of the map now if you want to reorder these it's pretty simple you can just drag and drop them to reorder them or you can use this you can hover over that and use the up and down arrows here to move those up or down and that'll move that layer to where you want it as well and then that's basically what we have here there's some filtering controls for Legends and things like that here uh but for the most part that's uh the pieces that we have here in this Legends toolkit so that allows us to change the map layers turn them on and off and things like that so we'll be going back and forth to do that a few different times but now you have the basics down and how to manage your layers within the map interface so if you want to take a look at other projections we can take a look they're all here um from from
25:58 different ones that you can select and use um lots of different options as we can look at all the different ones available here so if you want to just take a look let's change the project to I don't know something really strange we can go ahead and use this we'll hit apply and then our map will probably look very weird uh which it does here so it's you know easy to change and that underlying layer will change as well uh you can just kind of keep playing with these as you see fit if you want to uh go into different projections uh that you need that's totally doable um it might prompt you to use sort of like a uh you know translation here so you can choose which one you want um and then you can see how those update here so go ahead and change that back and we're back to where we originally were so projections are all there uh projections are a big topic um don't have time to go
26:43 into that in this tutorial but if you want to learn more there's a couple other videos that I can reference that you can take a look at okay so let's jump back into the tutorial here I want to run through a few different components of the map navigation we went through a few of them down here which allows you to to um you know pan and zoom the map this is my scroll wheel Zoom that I'm zooming in and out uh you can also use uh you know command plus and minus that will Zoom you at different levels um but there's a few other things that you can do here too so you can actually manually enter a coordinate if you want to go to there um if you want to you can copy the coordinates so it's pretty easy to do that so I'll just copy these coordinates and then I can delete those in and then move the map to that position um you can also set the scale manually here so if I wanted to do you know 1 to 100,000 if I wanted to do 1 to 1,000 and you can zoom
27:28 at those different levels and change it that way there's also some magnifying here that you can do um that will adjust the scale over here as you see um and then you can also change the rotation so if I wanted to change this 180 degrees that's going to basically flip it on its head and change it there uh but we'll go back to zero and keep it the way we had it before there's a few other things you can do if there's specific needs you have like you need some preset Zoom levels or anything like that you can also do those here um but uh I can include some links to help you walk through those but we won't go too much into detail for those cuz those are pretty specific for some different processing or print needs that you might have so the next step you want to do is actually symbolize some of the data on the map now we've just used preset colors as they come in for these different things here so we can actually go ahead and change those based off of the data so uh the first thing we want to do is open up what's known as The
28:14 Styling menu and there's a few other pieces in there so to open the menu to style the items of the map you can just double click on the layer you want to edit and that's going to open up some different pieces here so this is going to open the attributes table but if you go all the way up here you can control feature symbology and that's the menu we want to focus on right now so as you can see here we just have this simple marker that's basically just going to style it as is you can go ahead and you know change the color and do things like that so we'll go ahead and hit okay and apply um and you'll see underneath the map we've changed all those points to purple there's also some iconography that you can use here uh so if you want to look in here for different icons you can use those say these were you know hospital locations we can do that and then all those points will show up as such but what we want to do is probably a few different other things to style some of the map based off of data that
29:00 is in our data set so let's take a look at a few of those options so the first option we have is categorized as you see here that's going to color the data or style it based off of a categorical value in our data set and we have some of that in this data what you can see here is that we have primary fur color so we can do is we can select that and what will happen is we can basically hit classify and that's going to add all the values so there's really three values black cinnamon and gray um you can edit each of these individually so if I wanted to change this to match the color I can do that we'll do like a light brown color here see what we can come up with we'll go with that for now um and then for gray we can just do a nice gray color here so let's go ahead and do that so once we hit okay uh what you can do
29:46 is you can continue to add Styles manually here if you want to hit plus or minus you can delete all um and there's also some different things you can have your symbol levels you can change it Based on data definitions and all these pieces but let's go ahead and hit apply and you'll see a few things have happened here first you'll see uh within the map there's the actual uh Legend here and you can turn these off individually now so if we just wanted to look at gray srels we can see where those are if you want just want to look at the brown squirrs we can see where those are and so on and so forth so it kind of gives you some additional layering control after you've styled the map then as we zoom in here you can see that uh all of these are individually placed on the map um and actually styled based on the parameters that we put in so that's really great now if you wanted to change the size of this you can also change the size of the symbol maybe we want to make it a little bit bigger
30:32 let's make it two times bigger at number four uh we can hit okay here and then maybe you can also change the opacity as well if you want to make it partially seethrough you can also remove the stroke so you have all of these styling options here as you start to play around with these different things as well you can even do rotation here uh and then I think there's even rotation based off of data in the um in the map itself so if you have some sort of angle or an arrow pointing that um and you have a that in your data set you can actually turn that symbol to face a specific way that you want to which is pretty cool so we'll go ahead and use that uh let's see here now is our opaque symbols you'll see those showing up on the map and you can kind of see this gives us a nice little overlap kind of view here um and then if you hit okay you'll see how that changes as we zoom in and zoom out okay so now that we have categorized our data using
31:19 some text based data in our data sets the next thing we want to do is visualize some numeric data and to do that we actually need to download a new data set so I'm going to head back over here to the New York City open data portal and this is the data that I want to download it's the 2015 New York City tree census which looks at some different information about the tree uh you know different uh factors about it the species things like that so that's what we're going to do but we don't actually want to download all of the data it's quite a large data size you can see here it's 684 ,000 columns uh which is a little bit large to render in qgis so what we'll do is we'll HCK appear in actions and go to query data that will allow us to actually filter the data down a bit and pull just a sample of that data uh just for Manhattan only okay so this is the view we get to when we want to
32:05 filter our data as you can see here so as you can see this is the complete data set what we're going to do is actually filter that what we're going to do is uh look at the burrow which is the text field here represented by the T and we can see we're going to filter this by Manhattan now if you scroll down here you'll be able to hit apply and you'll actually see you get a much smaller set of results so once you hit the Port button up here then you'll be able to actually download this just as CSV which I know is not one of the formats we worked with but we can actually input the latitude and longitude there so I'm going to go ahead and hit download that's going to download just the sub sample of the data I want to look at here and then I'm going to put that in my folder and we'll bump back over to qg to take a look at it there okay so as you can see here I have my new 2015 tree sensus data here
32:52 um what I want to do is actually open this up and as a new layer so to do that I'm going to actually want to input the latitude and longitude coordinate system into the from the CSV into qgis so it renders the points in the right location so to do that I'll go up here and add layer and add vector layer and you should see some of this pop up here um I did this once earlier so some of these things are prein puted but you can see I have my Vector data set here uh all you'd have to do is pick that and load it in from the folder system here and then you'll see these options down here now you have a few different things that you can do the formatting if the files formatted a specific way usually I leave these as default um but if you have something that you need to adjust you can use that so you have your different geometry columns if you have a proper geometry and what's known as well-known
33:38 text it'll say something like point or polygon followed by a bunch of uh numeric values in parentheses so if you have that you could use that here but all we have is latitude and longitude so since we have the latitude and longitude uh column set up in our data we can see that over here in the data set we have latitude and longitude we're actually going to have to input those since it the won't read the CSV natively as a geometry file like it would a shape file or geojson so to do that I actually can see here here's my file layer I want to go to layer and add layer this time an add vector layer and then I want to put these values in so we have latitude and longitude the first one is going to be longitude for x value and the second one is going to be latitude you want to make sure those are spelled correctly otherwise I won't be able to find that data uh in the actual table itself so I can go ahead and hit
34:25 add here now the thing is you won't see this on the map right away as we see there's no trees showing up or anything like that so I'll just zoom to the layer and you're going to see it's probably showing up in the middle of the ocean here it looks right from like the shape and everything but the problem is is that it's importing in the 3857 projection that you see down here when in reality the data is then the 4326 projection so it effectively it hasn't been given that spatial projection information so qgs doesn't know what to do with it that's an easy fix though we can just right click here hover over layer CRS and turn that into 4326 now the data should jump and if we Zoom to the layer correctly uh we'll actually see that tree layer now showing up in the appropriate location so we can see all that data here which is great now of course you want to use the numeric data
35:12 here there is a stump diameter field uh within this data set that tells you uh how wide the tree is um one problem though if we try to go here and click properties go to the style and hit grad Ed which is using the color schema based off of that data we'll actually see no values showing up apart from latitude and longitude which is not what we want to use and the problem here is that we actually have to reformat the column type it's written text and we want it to be a numeric value so we actually have to jump over and do that in the processing toolbox now we'll cover the processing toolbox in Greater detail but this is one handy function if you have some data issues or anything like that to do so I'll go over here and you're going to look for this refactor field you can use this text search up here
35:57 we'll go with refactor Fields you see that up here and this will allow me to actually adjust the field data types so I have my data loaded up here so here's all my data we're going to look for that stump diameter field and you can see that it's a text string as it's listed here all you have to do is open this and we want to turn that into a decimal now there's all these different numeric types you have integers and then you have doubles or floats as there might be referred to but basically that has uh some sort of decimal value after it since we don't know we'll just use the decimal value here and then that's effectively what we can do to change that now we can use this as a temporary layer we're just going to load that in as we actually create a new layer for us but that's all we want to do with this one so once that's changed you can go ahead and hit run that's going to change
36:42 that data over once that's complete we'll jump back to the map here and you can see we have another layer on the map so we can remove this original layer for now this is a temporary layer it's basically just stored within the context of the map if you actually want to export this uh you can actually go here and hit export to save this as a proper file on your uh on your system uh but for now we can work with what we have here now I'm going to go in and do the double click go to graduated and then now I can see that I have this stump diameter field that I can work with so once we have this we can now style the map based off of this stump diameter which is the the width of the tree across now the first thing to do is take a look at some of the options you can go off of color and size for right now we're just going to use color
37:29 and what I want to do is look at the color ramp so there's a few pre-built options here and then there's a lot more if you scan over here uh so you can kind of choose one that you like we'll use magma for now and then the first thing we want to do is look at the mode so there's equal count equal interval fixed interval logarithmic scale there's a lot of different methods to classify your data um you want to test these out to see what works well with your data I'm going to use natural brakes for now um and then what it's going to do is actually classify that data so you see I've defined five classes down here um maybe I want to add more like let's add seven and then I want to hit classify and it'll reclassify that data for me so if you want to see how this data breaks out sort of over like a histogram you can see here that here's how the data sets break apart um and you can kind of get a sense of where those fall so
38:15 here's the colors and you can kind of see that there's a ton of data bunched up here at the end uh this data basically has a ton of zero values in it right so you have all these values that basically weren't measured but are are listed as zero for some reason so we'll take a look at what that looks like in a minute for now we can just go ahead and hit apply and then we'll go back to the map and like I said you'll see all these dark circles here that are basically the points that they uh did not measure within the tree senses so I can just remove those for now by turning that part off and then I'll just have the trees remaining that I want to see so you can see here there's a few different trees across the city and we can kind of get a sense of okay these lighter yellow trees are much wider in diameter the purple ones are much smaller uh to see see that a little bit better maybe we can just increase the size of the point here so I can go up here to symbol and
39:02 we'll just change that to uh let's make it a little bit bigger to three I'll hit okay apply and okay and you can see here now we can start to see this a little bit better here so um this really depends on the data that you have but just a few steps in terms of cleaning the data changing data types that always really come in handy because you never know what form of data you're really going to get so just a quick thing that you can use and check out there so now let's say we want to actually change the size of the points based off of the stump diameter to get a better sense smaller points being smaller diameter bigger ones being larger obviously let's go back here and we'll actually change this we're going to change this from color to size and you can see here that's actually going to change the size of the symbol let's have the smallest one be two and the largest one be 18 just to give a little bit of variance here and then we can go ahead and hit
39:47 apply on the map and we'll hit okay and you can start to see that we have changed that here as well so we've removed all those one values that just basically have no data since this is representative of size this is probably a better way to visualize the data at the end of the day um and there's a lot more that you can do with styling here there's also zoom level based controls so if you want it you know a layer to turn on or off at a specific Zoom we can actually do some things like that uh we can actually adjust our Legend formatting here so you can actually change these different types and and add some different components so there's so much that you can do you can change opacity here like we mentioned before there's blending modes drawing effects all and you can actually control these points Stack Up on each other if you want to control them by the larger ones showing up on top or in this case maybe you want to do that on the stump
40:33 diameter and basically showing ascending um we can start with the descending and going like that so you can hit okay here and that will just change how the maps and the points are rendered on the map so this one has the larger ones on top as you can see here so there's all these options that you can really adjust within the view of your map and change so there's so much you can do with styling here I'll put some more resources down in the description where you can actually break this apart and see oh oh here's some things I can do with zoom Bay styling or all these other components that you want to use I'll put a few of these quickly if you want to create very specific custom rules you can actually do that here you'll create these like filter statements and things like that that actually you can really customize and get kind of very specific on what you want to do uh there's also like things you can do like Point displacement and point clustering and heat maps and all this different stuff
41:19 that you can really play around with so I recommend definitely working on the Styles checking out all those different options here uh there's so much you can do even like doing embedded symbols in your custom libraries for symbology so there's really just kind of endless opportunities about how you can style the map but at least for our basic tutorial this will cover enough for what we wanted to scratch the service up today so if you want to view the tabular data associated with that um anytime you can open this up and hit open attribute table um there's a few things you can do here let's say you really want to see this specific tree here um you can do some filtering and see these different things um you can actually Pan the map to those selected rows so that will zoom in um and you can actually hit here to zoom to that specific feature which will Zoom all the way into the thing that you want to see um and then there's a few things if you need to edit or organize
42:05 or or you know do a field calculation here this will allow you to edit some of that underlying data to actually adjust that so there's all these things that you can kind of do with with these different pieces here so let's say uh for some reason I wanted to edit these values or change them I can just uh open up and edit those you know in this tabular format as well so let's say we want to add some labels to our map we want to actually take a value of the data and actually put that as a label on the map so what you can see here uh once again all I'm going to do is do this double click open up the layer and then click down here for the labels uh there's a few different options you'll start with no labels but you can do rule based labeling uh you can handle how you know labels are blocking or overlapping but for just a simple case what we'll do here uh we'll actually open this up and we're going to base this off of this status column um which is actually the
42:51 status you can also do like the common species or thing like that let's just go with status for now um we'll use it'll you know provide a default font option in this case it's open Sounds here let's make this a little bit bigger we can go up to 15 and U maybe we want to change this to have a bolder text so let's go with uh bold up here so it's a little bit easier to see once that's set up and there's more options here you can do like masking and formatting and you know adding you know different background components to these let's go ahead and hit apply and see okay and now you can start to see on the map here that this is representing of this value so if I click here you can see that yes this the status is stump and as I start to zoom the map in and out you can start to see the other labels where they are applicable some will have them St won't um as you zoom in you can see those
43:36 different labels depending on if the value has data or not so uh that kind of covers the styling of the map there's all these different things you can do of course um you know labeling and styling the maps and things like that um lots of different options there uh let's go ahead and turn this layer off for now and uh we what we can also talk about is editing your vector data so let's say I wanted to actually edit a polygon layer and we'll just take a look at this example Park here as you can see it goes all the way up and down this area um but let's say you know I want to just adjust the boundary of it you know you can see here if I zoom all the way in uh you have this very small area here that's not quite accurately captured and you want to be just perfect so we're going to edit that layer so what you want to do is actually select the layer you want to edit here um you can do this a few
44:22 ways you can open up toggle editing here by right clicking and hitting editing um or you can hit the pencil up here now there's a few options this will allow you to save your options cancel them adjust them do anything that you want to here if you want to add a new feature you can use that here to create a new polygon which is not what we want to do in this case uh for this feature we want to actually adjust this polygon layer so what I'm going to do it gives you some of the options here if you read down rightclick on an editable feature to show its table of vertices uh when you know you can adjust them here it should show you also as you click over it here all the different things that you can do and all these different pieces so let's go ahead and uh basically right click here um we can open up the editing and you see this plus icon this will allow me to actually add a verticy so what I
45:07 can do here is now I'm dragging this and I'm putting it all the way over here which is not ultimately what I wanted to do you do have this like go back menu here to adjust that um let's say we want to actually adjust this verticy here this is the problematic one that we want to change what we can do is actually go here and then change that so I'm clicking on it you'll see it'll allow me to drag that up we can go here if I click on it again go back and snap it to that corner that I want now if you don't want to keep any of these changes you can just go back here use your back button or if you've done a bunch of changes and you don't want to do them you can hit cancel for those layers as well so let's just save our change here we're happy with that here uh what we can do is you can save for the selected layers you can roll back you can do all these options let's just go ahead and say save for this layer that'll actually update the base file that we're working
45:54 off of we've have everything here we'll just toggle editing off so we know we're out of editing mode from this point forward so we can't make any more changes or edits uh to the map here so you can also create different pieces this way it's very easy to draw vector geometries and shapes let's say you were trying to trace all these individual building polygons for some reason or you have some imagery data of an area you want to trace very easy to do you just open that up start adding features to a layer things like that um that's makes it a little bit easier to do now of course when you're adding different features uh you may want to create a whole new layer and then it will actually ask you have prompt and put in some different fields for that different information so we can go ahead and test that out we'll go ahead and hit layer we're going to create a new uh vector layer here and you can see here this opens this up this allows me to create a file name let's go ahead and save this
46:40 to our documents where we've been working before and we'll just call this um buildings go ahead and hit save and then it will give you some options you can keep adding columns here if you want to you want to uh you know add some more give it a new field name so we'll just call this name it'll be text you can give it a you know length limit and things like that and go ahead and add that to the field list here so that that looks good for now um we'll add a geometry type of polygon since we know it's going to be buildings here's our projection um all these different pieces allow us to get started really easy so go ahead and hit okay you're going to see that new um layer hit up here if you open the attribute table you should see nothing just the column names that we've already inputed so let's just trace this building right here or going to go ahead
47:26 and do is effectively add a new shape so we'll toggle editing and we'll hit add a new shape and that allow me to actually start to trace this building you can still zoom in and out as you see fit I'll just start tracing it here uh get all these vertices uh I won't be as perfect as I might be if I was doing something else but this will give us enough to kind of go off of from here so if I do need to pan this way I'm just going to use my arrow keys to do that keep tracing go get this as done fast and dirty as possible go back over here so I can see what's going on so once you're done you just have to right click on the place where you want to end that and you'll get this ID this is basically allowing you to fill in so we'll call this ID number one and the name is of my building now once you hit okay you can
48:12 see that this is a proper polygon layer on the map I just want to close out of that uh you do if you keep things active you know you have to you know edit them you can also have curves and uh adjusting and digitizing the shapes there's all this stuff you can do to like make these a little bit more accurate if you're as you're filling them in but this is gives you an idea you can actually create your own data layer here now as you see here I'm just going to toggle us off go ahead and save for our selected layers uh our toggling this editing is off and now we have this new building that we've created on the map which is great now let's say you want to print this map out there's a lot of stuff you can do let's say we want to print this section here what I'm going to go ahead and do is a create a new print layout and that's this button here you can also get it uh from file um and then create a new print layout
48:58 here so let's do that um we'll just call it uh new print and that will allow us to open up the map view here so this is our page you can adjust obviously the size of the page and things like that but the first thing you want to do is basically add our map component to the map so what's we're going to do here is add a map and then we're just going to drag and drop that where we want it to be and that is going to actually render our map on this print layout so you can see here it's going to take a minute to render the map and then that will see ah here we go here we have our map now there's a lot of other options you have here you can export this as see it as a SVG or a PDF if you want to edit that in like a vector editing program it's like Adobe Illustrator or something like that that gives you that option um you can also add some nodes and adjust these uh kind
49:44 of sizes here so if I want to drag it make a little bit bigger here certainly easy to do you can add a legend component here so I'm just going to drag and drop that go ahead and add that you can see oh here's my Legend of all the things that I had you can add and remove these as you see fit if you want to take those on and off uh you can add a picture you can build a 3D map uh let's add a nice little scale bar here um just for reference you can add a nice little North arrow to the map uh that'll point us in the direction of North so all this little stuff that you can add I know this is incredibly ug you can add shapes and markers and a bunch of stuff here and then when you're ready to print you can actually if you physically want to print this out you can print that and you can save this layout if you have to make multiple versions of this and you want to keep that consistent that's another thing that you can do here is actually adding that so we're not going to print this right now we'll go ahead and close that out but just in case you
50:30 need to print some maps out another great way for you to actually build and do that so there's a lot more I'll put some of those resources down below so you can see all the different things you can do when creating and editing geometries like forms and actions and so on and so forth uh but let's jump into spatial analysis and doing some different spatial analytical problems that we want to actually take a look at um so we'll start with a few things but the first thing I want to touch on is
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