[#벌거벗은세계사] 세계 경제를 흔든 미국의 고관세 정책💵 트럼프가 고관세에 집착하는 이유 '매킨리 관세법'은 무엇인가❓

0:03 need to make countries that can afford it, including Japan, pay the price . Let's impose tariffs on these rich countries and not tax the American people . Let us not allow our great nation to be mocked any longer . As an American, that would be great. There is no tax, but that's what happens if you're an American. They're just saying they'll block taxes with tariffs . you're right. It's not much different from what you're saying now . That's right. It's similar. Yes, that's right. In the 1980s, the United States benefited greatly from trade with its allies. In particular, Japanese automotive electronics products have been rapidly encroaching on the American market. Ah, Trump judged that the then-administration's free trade and alliance-centered policies were not protecting America's interests,

0:50 so he ran newspaper ads claiming that the United States was being exploited by other countries in trade and demanding that allies like Japan also shoulder a fair share of the burden. Oh, this person is consistent. For decades, Trump had been a political contender for mayor of New York City or a senator, and the ad was an attempt to increase his political influence and public awareness . Oh, it wasn't a policy that came out of nowhere. Then how can that be? Oh, there's history. In fact, the roots of Trump's tariff philosophy lie with former President William McKinney. Trump himself has said that the period from 1870

1:36 to 1913, which included McKinney's presidency, was the richest period in America . And this period is called the Gilded Age in American economic history, and it was emphasized that during this period, the US GDP grew by an average of about 5% per year and it ranked first in the world in steel, railroads, fishing, and manufacturing . That's why I keep saying I have to go back to that time . Oh, you're right. At the time, the federal government relied on tariff revenues without income taxes, and indeed, tariffs became its main source of revenue. Professor, how do Americans react to Trump's policies ? Well, experts point out that

2:22 America's growth since the McKinney Tariff was not achieved solely by tariffs, but rather by a combination of factors, including the influx of immigrants, the development of natural resources, western expansion, and technological innovation . Also, the economic structure at that time was very different from the modern one, and there is much debate as to whether the tariff policy at that time can still be applied today . That's a story from long ago . Where is there a product these days that is entirely made by themselves ? Right? that's right. That was only possible in the old days. now. hmm . Moreover, the world is pouring in criticism that Trump's announcement of reciprocal tariffs is effectively a protectionist trade card used to threaten other countries

3:09 . The United States has long been a champion of free trade . It led the creation of multilateral trade agreements such as the WTO and led to tariff reductions and easing of import and export regulations around the world . But now that they are suddenly abandoning the tariff war without any consultation, other countries cannot help but feel like they have been hit in the back of the head . hmm . Professor, has this incident significantly strained the relationship between Trump and America's allies ? yes. In particular, relations with our ally Canada have deteriorated significantly emotionally this year . Trump even mocked Canada by saying it should become the 51st state if it doesn't want to pay tariffs in the tariff war

3:57 . Many people in Canada would love to be the 51st state of the United States. I was delighted to have dinner with the Governor of Canada, Tweed. So, it's a joke and a mockery that is mainly acknowledged. Prime Minister as Governor . I was just talking to the governor. yes. Here's the problem. Something has disappeared from Canada due to the conflict with the United States. What could it be? Erase America. America is not erased. Even if I want to erase it, I ca n't. How do you build that country?

4:44 Correct answer. Oh, I think it has something to do with coffee, but somehow America seems to be gone. Oh, Jaehwan, that's correct. Yeah, that's right. I've seen this. I heard about America. The name itself is American. That's right. And then I just changed my name. What, should I do it in Canadiano? Oh, it was something similar. okay. yes. that's right. Canada is renaming its Americano to Canadiano in protest of the Trump administration's policies . Canadiano, why is this so funny? Look at the thing I deleted next to me, not just the name. That's the point, I erased it. You really did this. You wrote that down anyway . that's

5:29 right. But this isn't just a diplomatic fight; it 's a resentment that's growing even among the general public. Yes, that's right. In addition, a boycott of American products is spreading. This movement is spreading to other countries hit by tariff bombs . In particular, there is an article on SNS where a colleague shares a list of American products and tells people not to buy them. Mr. Haesung, would you please read it? What's going on? Especially not buying it. It's time to boycott American products. Here is a partial list. But since most of the products are related to daily life, it wo n't be easy to get rid of them. There is also a payment service. Yes, that's right. They are sharing the logos of representative American companies and

6:17 supporting this boycott . Not only that, they are even creating a list of alternative foreign products and distributing it online. Oh, there was even a movement to replace Nike with Adidas or other brands. yes. Anyway, that's because the world is full of substitutes . Even if you don't use American products, the tariff war is not just an economic issue; it's shaking up emotions between countries and consumer behavior . Oh, I see. Oh, but even though the whole world is protesting like this, why is Trump continuing to push this tariff war ? I don't know why.

7:05 There are several reasons behind Trump's tariff policy. The first is to secure a stable political position. The region that became a watershed in the outcome of this presidential election was the Rust Belt region. hmm . Industrial complex. This Rust Belt refers to the densely populated area of ​​heavy industrial cities in the northeastern and midwestern United States . This was a steel and automobile production center, a symbol of industrialization, with many middle-class workers and factories. However, it has been rapidly declining since the 1980s . But why is this area so difficult ? The reason is that American companies

7:53 moved their factories to China or Mexico, where wages are lower. Right? Because of labor costs. As a result, factories in the Rust Belt closed one after another, and it literally became a rusty factory zone. So, as factories moved overseas, manufacturing centers began to decline . yes. You're right. This is especially true for white middle-class workers in this area who were losing their jobs and feeling like the government was neglecting them. And it was in the midst of this growing discontent that Trump came to power. Well, then, let's see what changes have occurred before Trump. What changed? Unlike the 2008 presidential election where he supported the Democratic Party, he was like that during the presidential election, but

8:41 in 2016, it felt like he completely turned to the Republican Party . Oh wow, it's completely become a Republican stronghold. Wow, it's become a Gohwa Party stronghold. Well, I know that support has changed like this, but why? Why did it change? The Rust Belt region, where many workers reside, was once a stronghold of the Democratic Party, known as the pro-labor party . But in 2016, Trump focused his campaign on the Rust Belt. He promised them he would revive manufacturing and create jobs. [Music]

9:37 madeas we will cheat. Cheating. Cheaters are cheaters. This promise was the driving force behind Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election. Oh, and then Trump pulled out the tariff hike card to make this happen. The logic was that if we built a wall to keep these cheap foreign goods out, factories would run again in the United States and people in the Rust Belt would be

10:23 able to work. and. In particular, the reason why China has taken measures to block exports through third countries such as Mexico and Canada is directly related to this. Wow, it 's political in the end. you're right. Also, the US is approaching the 2026 midterm elections . If Trump is to return to the political forefront, he will need to consolidate his solid base of supporters. So, we tried to capture this symbol by sending a message to the Rust Belt people that we were going to give the factories back to them. Oh, so there is also an aspect of using the tariff card to win the votes of manufacturing workers . Oh, you're right. It wasn't

11:09 just a matter of survival, there was also a political calculation. It seems like there was more of a political calculation behind it, but when I looked at it, I saw that there was also that kind of ulterior motive. But there is another reason why Trump is insisting on tariff policy. what? It is for securing finances. Secure funding. hmm . [Music] As of 2025, the U.S. trade deficit is at an all-time high. A trade deficit is literally a deficit that occurs when we buy too many goods from foreign countries and sell not many American goods abroad. ah. Oh, and not only that, the fiscal balance is also in deficit. A fiscal deficit is when the U.S. government spends too much money

11:54 . Oh, they're spending a lot of money on building these roads, operating the military, and providing welfare, but they're not collecting enough in taxes . These together are called twin deficits . Twins. So just how serious is the US deficit? Let me explain by looking at the table. yes. hey. It has doubled in just nine years, from about $18 trillion in 2015 to over $36 trillion in 2024. and. $30 trillion is almost enough to dissolve the country, right? And at this level, it seems like it's a completely dangerous number.

12:42 you're right. The main reason for this sharp increase in debt is that the fiscal deficit continues to pile up by about 2,797 trillion won (approximately $2 USD) every year due to extravagant government spending . hey. Oh, when did you get into so much debt? As a result, President Trump has ordered each agency's spending to be audited by the Department of Government Efficiency and Performance, led by Elon Musk . Dodge is calling for massive layoffs and streamlining of government agencies, with the goal of reducing the deficit by $1 trillion by 2026 . uh. This resulted in the layoffs of

13:36 more than 200,000 federal employees across more than a dozen major agencies, including the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Department of Health and Human Services, NASA, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . and! No, this is such a huge contradiction in life. They say they will create jobs but they are cutting all the kids. what's this? You made your own judgment, right? They said that 200,000 people or so were not necessary, so we did it. Oh, that's right. that's right. That's how close we are. what's this? What did you do? So, let's take a look at the table to see what the US trade deficit is. The deficit continues to grow. Yes, that's right. In 2017, the first Trump administration also pursued a high tariff policy . But if you look at the graph, the trade deficit has

14:24 actually increased. And as of March 2025, the trade deficit is said to be a whopping $10.5 billion, or approximately 196 trillion won. The deficit is staggering. No, then why did the deficit increase under the Moon Jae-in investigation ? So then what is this? But for now, as tariffs are imposed, you can see that this has led to a huge increase in indirect exports through Vietnam and Mexico, like a balloon station. If you look at the table earlier, in the case of Vietnam, the critical rate was high. I think the United States is probably responding to that in some way . hmm . So, even if Trump continues to abandon this tariff war as he is doing now, the

15:09 trade deficit will continue. Oh, that's right. Even if Trump wins and the tariffs are fully implemented, tariff revenues may increase temporarily at first, but these experts say the effect will be short-lived . wow. Well, if tariffs go up, the prices of these imported goods will also go up, and these consumers will have to buy more expensive goods, so they will reduce their consumption , and as costs go up for American companies, profits will decrease, and as a result, corporate tax revenues will inevitably decrease. Ultimately, it is a structure that burdens the entire economy . Isn't that a system where those people lock their wallets and put it on the priest's lap? Oh, you're right. Oh, I think it's exactly that structure. So, we should consider it almost impossible to resolve the twin deficits through tariffs alone

15:59 . Are n't we the only ones who know this? Trump probably knows this, and seeing that we know this in this way, he must know this too, so why is he doing this? I guess I'm just trying everything . I just want to do it. It seems like he's pulling out every manual he can as president. The final reason Trump is bringing up tariffs is because a new power has emerged that threatens the United States . Oh, which country is it? china. Oh, that's right. It 's China. Trump is using the tariff card to check China. China's power is greater than we think. It is difficult to estimate how great China's economic power will be and

16:45 how much damage it will inflict on the American economy . China is a threat to the United States. hmm . So Trump has written a book that outlines his thoughts and concerns about China. US President Donald Trump has announced that he will raise tariffs on China to 125% in response to additional retaliatory measures, while offering a 90-day grace period for other countries to impose reciprocal tariffs. Oh yeah, that's right. Hey, I think they took away all our tariffs. I think I gave it to you. Other countries take 10% each and take everything away. Now you pay it all. Anyway, they are saying they will charge a tariff of at least 10%

17:32 . Anyway, just looking at the tariff rates, we can see that the long-standing retaliatory tariff war between the U.S. and China has further intensified. Mr. Moon Jae-hyun, if we keep raising tariffs like this, won't we all end up dying ? What is the current situation between the United States and China ? yes. First, the United States imposed high tariffs of up to 145% on Chinese imports . China has now retaliated by completely halting exports of rare earth minerals and magnets to the United States and is stepping up its defenses . Well, since the United States now relies on it for about 75% of its imports, it's hard to predict how far the tariff war will spread due to this decrease

18:17 . is it so. He did something like that even though he wanted it too. Yes, that's right. That's a really big weapon for China, and there are protests going on, and I heard that Trump's approval rating is at its lowest ever . You can see this by looking at the polls before and after Trump's inauguration. Let's look at the table together . In a January poll, 42% expected their finances to improve, but by the end of March, only 23% actually felt that way. hmm . So it 's completely reversed. It even got worse and then got better. that's right. On the other hand, the

19:04 percentage of respondents who said things had gotten worse increased from 28% to 42% . How long will Trump's tariff policy last in this situation? US President Trump has threatened to impose a tariff of at least 25% on all smartphones produced overseas, including iPhones . US President Trump announced that he would raise tariffs on imported iron ore pipes from the current 25% to 50% . The export situation for Korean coal mining products, which is already suffering from a 25% tariff, is expected to become even more difficult . I just said it's time that we play the game the way I know how to play the game, you know. again there is no if they build that

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