Target SSC 2025| Revision Special Ancient History प्राचीन इतिहास | One shot video

0:03 Namaskar Aadaab Sat Sri Akal Welcome Hello everyone my friends Abhishek Suman, thank you very much in this session I welcome you and this session is very good for you. very important very important It is going to happen because it is coming in 2025 This is the surefire solution for all SSC exams There is a cure. yes, in this session today's session In we are Indian History or Indian Ancient History in History will revise about the history and this The entire session is on ancient history and It will be related to ancient India which It will help you a lot in coming In SSC exams. Let's not be late Let's start with that. Let's begin and First of all friends let's know about the history about about the history. you are good know in a way that history is a Text. Our elders told us this He said that history is a book which tells us about the past

0:50 Information about the events that took place in which tells us that our past What events happened in our past Have happened. but the most important question is The question arises whether everything that happened in the past All the events of that time are history. is there history? No. It's not like that. If this is not the case, then what are those incidents? what do we call history? So attention History is a book that will keep us about events that happened in the past Provides information that will definitely happen which have definitely happened and whose we have the sources to be there, we have There is proof. Only those incidents that we what can I say? History. This is the history which This word is derived from a Greek word From a Greek word that comes from Historia It is called. And you know what about Historia?

1:36 means information and the knowledge gathered by The Investigation. By doing an investigation Whatever information we get from our investigation that is known as historia in greek Language. And from this same Historia Word The word history is derived from derived word. And First a Greek person, a Greek The person was named Herodotus. This wrote a book called Historica in the past information about the events that happened and told us that in our past what events have happened and why This noble deed was first done by Herodotus Was. That's why friends Herodotus is known as Father of History. That is why Herodotus He is called the father of history. Now I have said that events that happened in the past We have sources to be there. so that Sources on the basis of which history was deepened

2:23 Has gone. Those sources are mainly two There can be types of . There are two types of Can be done. First of all brother either he There will be archaeological sources that you It is called archaeological source. in which we includes inscriptions, Monuments, coins, statues and all those remains and all those All the remains that we find from excavations or diggings Seals and coins of all these have been found What are all these things called? Archaeological Sources. and you know that all of these archaeological sources the work of finding the work of researching them The task of preserving them is that of a department which is known as ASI Archaeological Survey of India Department or Archaeological Survey of India department and because the Indian Archaeological

3:10 The Survey Department was established by Alexander Cunningham and Alexander Cunningham was the first person to who discovered the remains of the Harappan Civilization to collect and research them tried. That's why that person is Alexander Cunningham is known as father of Indian Archaeology. That is why they are called Indian He is called the father of archaeology. so where We have a wealth of information about the past There may be archaeological sources on the other side, There could be archaeological sources. There itself On the other hand we have literary sources or There could also be literary sources. i.e that the sources which we get from books through, through books, through the texts, the epics met to read through and through We got information about our past.

3:56 These literary sources are also of three types Can be done. Brother either this person is religious, Will be religious. Like our Ramayana, There is Mahabharata, there is Rigveda, there is Samveda, There is Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. Our Upanishads There are Puranas, Buddhist texts, Jain There are texts. what are all of these called Are? Literary Sources. But such literary sources that are religious Are. So while on one hand these may be religious On the other hand, they can also be supernatural Are. Can also be non-religious. and its We also have many examples. like chanakya This is the economics of. by Megasthenes It is written Indica. This is Patanjali's Mahabhashya. Visakhadatta's posture is demon. Vishnu Panchtantra is written by Sharma. Apart from this, the greatest poet Kalidasa

4:42 The famous work is Abhigyan Shakuntalam. all of you know it well and the third type There may be literary sources of Description of Foreigner Travellers i.e. Details of foreign travellers. you know that since ancient times in our country there have been some There was movement of foreign travellers in India. who came to our country and stayed for some time Spent. spent some time and then He returned from here. And when they Describe your entire journey through books of texts through the medium so from there also we get many Information received about your past About the past like Emperor Harshvardhan came from China during the reign of or a The famous Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang who wrote a book called U Ki and we have many Information was received from Emperor Harshvardhan and

5:29 Premedival India or Post Gupta Period about when Tughlaq was in power in Delhi Sultanate Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq ruled under the dynasty Was doing. So during his reign in 1333 A famous African from Morocco in AD A traveller named Ibn Batuta came to India. In the court of Mohammed bin Tughlaq for eight years He remained as his Qazi. By this one wrote the famous book called We also got many things from the book named Rehla and Rehla All important information has been received. About the Delhi Sultanate and also Also about Mohammad bin Tughlaq. So That is to say, if in the past any the event has occurred and the reason for its occurrence or So do we have archaeological sources or There should be some literary source. If that incident does it pass both tests or would fit either of them if it is there then you should respect it and honour it

6:16 You can call it history. But if any incident has happened and we have proof of it There is no proof at all. There is no source Is. If there is no source, then you can use it How will you call it history? then you can tell it to history How can I say it? That is just a past. He There can only be one past. About whom We do not have any concrete source. This This is the difference. this is the major difference Between History and the Past. Now you understand Did you know what the history is? What is history? Let us now know about Indian History or divide Indian history into three important parts It is divided into. Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India. That means that Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India India. Out of which today in this session we will complete

7:02 We will revise the entire ancient India. the entire ancient history of Will deal with it. And if we alone are the Ancient If we talk about history, you can say that brother 80% of our entire history the history which is more than the events which are That happened in the ancient period. meant to say This is the longest part of our history And it is also the oldest part. and because It is the longest and oldest part. That is why historians have called it Ancient History what can be done in three parts Gave? It was divided. the first of which There is a pre-historic period from where we We will begin the story. The very first period Pre Historic Period, 2nd Proto Historic Period and Third Historic Period. The pre-historic period prehistoric times. Pre Historic Period

7:49 or prehistoric period is the period in which We found the remains but there was no written record The source has not been found. any written evidence Is not found. This means that at that time Invention of scripts by humans had not been. man is completely Used to be barbaric. he started to read and write did not do. But the tools that he uses were made, the tools that were made and the based only on the remains we found we coined the term pre historic period or prehistoric period and estimated it the man who lived at that time What was his lifestyle like? how was it used to do it? What did he do? what did you eat used to do it? What did you wear? of all this All things are told to us by Him and only by Him

8:36 Based on the tools that were made and the remains that were left based only on the excavations we have found We anticipated this. that is Pre Historic Period. after that next There is a proto-historic period, that is Protohistoric period. and if we proto Let's talk about the historical period. if we If we talk about the proto-historic period, then this is the It's a period, friends, of which we still have our remnants Got it and also retained the source. to say Meaning of scripts by humans It had been invented. But as much as We got the scripts, from all the written sources We met, they are still unidentified, They have been successful in studying till date Could not be done. That is why we call him It is called the historical period. But it is certain that scripts invented by humans Was taken. and you know that man

9:24 When did the scripts invented by Went? Indus valley civilization or Harappan The people of civilization were the first to Scripts were invented. that's why The first one in our Indian subcontinent Civilization that is Indus Valley Civilization This is what we call the Proto Historic Period or half of the places it in historical times. because this The people of civilization have written scripts which We have also received it. But that is a different thing that even till today they have been successful in reading could not be achieved. and third period There is a historical period. Historical period That is the period whose remains we also found. Written evidence was also found. Riton Evidences were also found and all the written We have got the evidence, all of it. have been read. That is why we had him It has been named as the historical period. that's why

10:10 We have called it the historical period. So let's go Let's start this session. The Ancients History Ancient History and Ancient The oldest part of history which is called this is the pre historic period i.e. prehistoric times. So for today’s session We will begin with the prehistoric period and We will reach the whole of ancient India covering and revising the That means till pre medieval India Period is what we have to do in this single session I have to revise it, that's why I said this This session is going to be very important for you. Is. is going to be very important because When you go for the exam you will you will see You can get all your questions from here

10:57 We are going to meet. So let's start this This session will give more benefits to the students To all of you guys. Now as I told you the ancient We have divided history into three parts Divided into parts. Pre Historic Period, Proto Historic Period and Historic Period. First comes the pre Historic period i.e. prehistoric The period which is Ancient India or Prachin Bharat is the oldest and longest period of because the oldest and longest period that's why we made it further divided into three parts or three ages

11:43 in which the first age Friends it is called the Stone Age i.e. Stone Age. The first edge in this is called Stone Age or Stone Age. It is evident from the name itself. in the era in which humans in the age to make their own tools The one and only for creating your own tools stones or rocks are used I used to do it. That period is known as Stone Age. That is what we call the Stone Age. at this time Why do humans make stone tools? Was? Because he doesn't like to eat at any place He used to change his lifestyle and make food for himself Gathering and hunting were his main occupations. There used to be work. large piles of stones He makes tools to hunt animals who would make antools or tools for

12:29 Was. which we call the Stone Age or the Stone Age Yug says. but you do it well I know that brother is the most powerful force through man Which was the first metal discovered? then we all know That copper. the first by man The metal discovered is called copper i.e. Copper. Till now man has been living only with his tools of stones or boulders to make I was using it. But now he has stones as well as the use of copper Started doing it. and at that age when In the age when man made stones By using copper or copper together also made his own tools, made his own tools. that The period is known as Chalcolithic period. That same

13:17 We call it the Copper Age. by name only It is being found out that the Copper Stone means that The period in which man made copper and stone Use both of these to clean your tools or was making his own tools. to the same we called it the Chalcolithic period, the Chalcolithic said Kaal. But slowly the time passed and you know that the Indus valley civilization people of Harappan civilisation Bronze was made by mixing tin with copper Made of bronze. and after copper when man made bronze used to make my own tools started to go So began the Bronze Age Civilization. We

14:04 Indus Valley Civilization is also known as Bronze Age It is also called civilization. Because Sindhu in copper by the people of civilization itself Bronze was made by adding tin. That is why it is also called Bronze Age Civilization. goes. And you know that in India Jesus That is about 1000 years before the birth of About 3000 years ago, humans By of Etah district of Uttar Pradesh At a place called Atranjikhera, iron Evidence was also obtained. of iron The search was also done. And now man with his tools To make it brother still that copper and I was using bronze only. But Started around 1000 BCE Using iron. Now he has also used iron

14:51 Started doing it. so what do you mean by that Entered the Innu Iron Age. So that period, that period, the era in which man used his tools only metals to make Started using it. Of which metals? Copper Of, of bronze, of iron. that is known age Metal Edge. What do we call that? Metal Yug says. that is called the metal age Is. So what I mean to say is the essence of a simple story Just that the pre-historic period we divided it into three further ages Is. In which the first age is called stone Edge Stone Age. Then comes the Chalcolithic Age or The Chalcolithic period which we also call the Copper Age Or it is called Copper Stone Age. and then his

15:38 Post-Iron Age or Iron Age. Now if you connect these three edges with each other If we compare these three periods If you compare them with each other then we will know It will be assumed that the oldest of these three periods And it is the longest period. definitely which one remained? It was the Stone Age. That's why we made Stone Age What have you done to anyone else? in several parts Divided into several parts. So let's talk It is about the Stone Age. of the stone age about which the first period is called This is the Paleolithic period, that is, the Palaeolithic period. The oldest period of the Stone Age is the first This period is called Paleolithic period or It is called the Palaeolithic period which is approximately

16:25 This is a period of 20 lakh years. here at It is written 20 lakh BP. BP is here It means before present. And keep in mind NCERT books on this So keep in mind NCERT books As per or NCERT Books What is the present? What is the present? So will take care of NCERT books According to this the year 2000 is considered as present Year 2000 So, about 20 lakh years ago, What is a period called? Paleolithic

17:10 It is called a period. called the Palaeolithic era Is. and its most important feature and What were its features? the first I will remember the points. that was a haunting end Food gathering period. He is a hunter and a food It was the collector period. This means about 20 years from today A million years ago, man's main occupation was hunting and gather food for themselves I used to do it. Now whether he wants to hunt You hunt wild animals. Them You used to hit me. to get flash from them to get skins And hunting means hunting That used to be his main job. Man Place I used to keep changing my life because I was at one place

17:57 when resources or animals run out when he used to go he changed his place I used to do it. He would change his place Was. that period is known as paleolithic Period. The Paleolithic period is the period It is believed that fire was started by humans was invented. The Invention of Fire. Fire was invented by man was taken but by using fire he Was completely unaware. he still has fire I did not know how to use it. Paleolithic The period is the period in which We are supposed to be ostriches or ostriches Evidence of this is also found. In SSC The question has been asked. tell me that ostchess or evidence of being an ostrich or From which period do we get the evidence?

18:43 From the oldest period of the Stone Age. that It is known as Paleolithic period. What we It is known as the Paleolithic Age. And We will keep in mind 20 lakh years from now humans who lived in the paleolithic period The man who used to be was the Negato race It is considered to be of Ka or Negato caste. These were some of the important features Of the Paleolithic period. but because the paleolithic period is the longest period in history because It started about 2 million years ago It is considered. so because paleolithic period is a long period and the oldest It's my period. That is why our historians have Our archaeologists have discovered Paleolithic

19:29 The period is also divided into three further periods or what can be done in three parts or three periods have you given it? has been divided. So The earliest period of the Paleolithic period Friends this is known age lower paleolithic period That is, the Lower Paleolithic period. The earliest occurrence of the Paleolithic period Lower Paleolithic Period The Paleolithic period, which is about 2 million years old It is a year old story. and will take care of this What is the most important characteristic of tense? During this period, man made tools The stones used for or the stones which were used Man was making his own tools Quadzite Stones or Quadzite Stones They are called. Use of Quadzite Stones

20:17 Only by doing this, man has created his tools in this era Make it. Create your own tools. to make tools The objective, brother, is a simple thing. the most important The purpose was hunting. hunting to do. because humans are totally barbaric And used to be a hunter. Used to be a Hunter. Gathering food for himself is his It was the main job. So the quadjite in the Lower Paleolithic Period By using stones, man has created his tools or make your own tools and We have got two cultures or two Cultures were obtained. in which the first chopper Chopping Pebble Culture which we know as Sohan river in Punjab derived from the valley or Sohan River Valley Is.

21:06 some tools made by humans On the basis of them we have divided two cultures or two Cultures believed to belong to the Paleolithic period or is believed to belong to the Lower Paleolithic period Is. In which the first chopper was Chopping Pebble Culture or Chopper Chopping Pebble Culture She goes. evidences or remains of which we have Sohan River Valley or Sohan River in Punjab have been found around the valley. and second It is called Hand Axe Culture or Hand Axe Culture. And you know the meaning of hand x here what is on? Handcuffs. One is called Handex Culture or Handex culture whose evidences and tools give us

21:54 Found near Madras in South India Has happened. There are two main cultures that We have found remains from the Lower Paleolithic period. Apart from this, the Lower Paleolithic period What are the features? Friends Attention Will keep the Handx culture or Handx culture the first hand axe or the first The hand-axe was received by Robert Brucefoot It happened in 1863 A.D. 1863 i.e. from today about 150 years ago a man named Robert Brucefoot He was the first archaeologist to Handaxe A Hastu Axe 1863 AD of Madras in South India From a place called Pallavaram nearby

22:44 And because this noble work was first done by Robert Done by Brucefoot. that's why What is Robert Brucefoot also known as? he is known as father of Pre Historic Archaeology of India. Robert Brucefoot is considered as a prehistoric He is considered the father of archaeology. is known age a father of pre historic archeological India. this handex this hastkadi near madras It was obtained from a place called Pallavaram. Apart from this, Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh Nearby Belan River Valley is that place or Belan

23:29 The river valley is that place. from here also we From here also we get information about Lower Paleolithic Period Some evidence of this has been found. and Belan River The Valley is an important place. and this Why is the location important? Because it is he place where remains from the Lower Paleolithic period tools and animal remains from the Neolithic period We have found fossils. That means from the Lower Paleolithic period from the Neolithic period to Where does one get evidence from? Answer Belan River near Mirzapur in the state From the Valley or Belan River Valley. Also called First Skull Cap or First Human the skull that gave the name to Homo erectus

24:16 Is. This is what we received from Hathnora Village or from a place called Hathnora Village which is in the middle Narmada River Valley or Narmada in the state itself The river is close to the valley. These are all the sites which are lower Paleolithic Period or Lower Paleolithic Age come under. and meditation in addition We will also keep Hosangi Village or Husangi Gram An important period of the Lower Paleolithic considered an archaeological site or an important site Is. Friends, you understand very well. Will be. What is the meaning of site? In history we come across many words or many What are the places called? The site says

25:02 What are they called in Hindi? It is called an archaeological site. So we will keep in mind a site or an archaeological site It is the place that our by archaeologists who discovered by archaeologists and there through excavations or We get different information only through excavation Obtained from evidences or remains. That is what we call a site. the same we It is called an archaeological site. after that the next period This is a known age, Middle Paleolithic period. Now! We are in the Stone Age, in the Paleolithic period talking about it. Palaeolithic period That's what we're talking about. next The period is called Middle Paleolithic

25:48 Period or Middle Paleolithic. I just told you that lower The Paleolithic period is approximately 2 million years old This is an old thing. but if we go to the middle If we talk about the Paleolithic period, then today it is It is about 80 thousand years ago. Today This is about 80 thousand years ago. So lower Paleolithic Period and Middle Paleolithic What changes occurred during the period? what changes happened? you know gradually the human brain development started taking place. of the human brain Growth started and today there are about 80 thousand Middle Paleolithic 80 years ago Humans in the Middle Paleolithic period Tools used by or the tools or implements made by humans

26:33 For him he made three kinds of The stones used are called Jasper Called flint and chard stones. Humans still in the Lower Paleolithic period Was using Quadjite stones. But now she has found Jasper Flint and Chard Started using stones. And A tool made by humans during this period What was the name of the thing that was made? Eyelid. which Palak was called. made out of stone one tool with just one tool. which was called panel that in the Middle Palaeolithic period man Created by. and will take care of this This culture is called Falak Culture or termed as panel culture and whose important places or important sites

27:21 We will take care of where we get it from Near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh from a place called Chakia Chakia near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh Place named Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh Apart from Belan Valley near Mirzapur A place called Palamu in Jharkhand, Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra A place called Nevasa. All of these are those The whole site is . all of these sites From where we get to see Falak culture It is available. Panel culture can be seen Is. What I mean to say is that the panel is made by man A tool called an auze or a blade was used during this period It was built in. that is known as middle

28:08 Paleolithic period. This is called the Middle Paleolithic It was called time. Slowly the time passed and we entered Innu Upper Paleolithic Period. and we enter This was done in the Upper Paleolithic period. Upper Paleolithic Period or Upper Paleolithic period which is approximately 35,000 years ago A matter of. So far in the Middle Paleolithic period, we are Were talking about 80,000 years old. But now we are talking about today 35,000 years old thing. About 35,000 from today Evolution happened a year ago, friends Of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens originated about 35,000 years ago

28:56 It is considered to be a year ago. and you know in this era, in this period, there will be the tools that were created by There were tools, they were called blades. They were called blades. and Upper Paleolithic What is the most important feature of a period? Was? What is that most important feature? that is, in the Upper Paleolithic period itself We have to look at the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. Some caves are from a place called Bhimbetka Shelters and some cave paintings found It has happened. Some caves are rock shelters and some are caves painting. What I mean to say is that from Bhimbetka caves we It is learnt that about 35,000

29:43 Humans lived here years ago and That is why we found some cave shelters and Cave paintings found at Bhimbetka Are. Bhimbetka Caves Bhimbetka Caves which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site It is called. This is also a site from the Paleolithic period. It is a site from the Palaeolithic period. from here Some cave shelters and cave paintings which is from Madhya Pradesh It is in Raisen district. So friends this was about the Paleolithic period Features or Features We Found

30:28 Are. different cultures from different places We have received them. different types of We found tools made from stones Are. and different types or different rivers We find evidence of this only on the banks of the valleys. Or remains have been found. It is very different from exam point of view because there are a lot of questions and questions that These have already been asked here. Its The next period of the Stone Age is called Mesolithic period i.e. Mesolithic period. Mesolithic period That is BP, about 12,000 years ago from 12,000 years ago to about today The story which dates back to 10,000 years ago,

31:16 This period is called the Mesolithic period or It is called the Mesolithic period. Now what changes happened in the Mesolithic period, What changes have happened? Gradually, historians say, There was a change in the climate. gradually The climate changed. It means that when many A million years have passed. after thousands of years when Gradually environmental changes took place, when Gradually the climate changed, The climate changed. So the weather was, There was temperature, it started increasing slowly, it Gradually it started increasing. and when The temperature started increasing gradually, so the green grass The number of grounds that were there also increased It hurt. those who graze them are herbivores who

32:03 Vegetarian animals, their numbers also increased It hurt. And when their numbers began to increase, Now a lot of people have it The animals that were there for hunting started becoming available. The biggest change we got to see. In the Mesolithic period it was in the paleolithic period in the paleolithic period So big tools were made by man Were going.

32:58 The Mesolithic period or Middle Stone Age is the most The biggest change that was seen was that the Paleolithic During period, the tools used by man They were being made in huge sizes Were going. But now small size tools or small size equipment we received In the Mesolithic period, These are called microliths. Which were called microliths. The Mesolithic period is the period in which The most important thing we need to know about human beings or human skeletons is that they are not just a human being but also a human being. first evidences meet. Where did you get it from? so will take care Sarai Nahar of Pratapgarh in Uttar Pradesh From a place called Rai.

33:48 Near Pratapgarh in Uttar Pradesh Sarai Nahar Rai is the place from where we earliest human skeleton Evidences or first evidence obtained happened. After this we will take care of these Mesolithic Period Man Started Domestication. The Mesolithic period is the period in which Animal husbandry was started by humans And then domestication started. The biggest site of this period The site is called Bhilwara in Rajasthan A place called Bagour. and in addition its Apart from this, a place named Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh. And friends, I will take care and ask you that

34:33 Tell me about the reason behind animal husbandry by humans Where do we get the first evidence of Have you received it? So from Madhya Pradesh From Adamgarh and called Bagor in Rajasthan From the location. These are the two periods from which Domestication or domestication of animals by humans we get evidence of Are. This happened in the Mesolithic period. it It happened during the Mesolithic period. After this comes the Neolithic period i.e. Neolithic period which is about 10,000 years from now What is that period called? Neolithic period and its other name is It is also called the New Stone Age. SSC It was asked in CGL that tell me what is The other name for the Neolithic period? that is

35:20 New Stone Age. This is called the Neolithic period. in this period a tool made by man Gaya that is known as Celt. called him a Celt Went. And take care of the man started Agriculture in this period. in the same period Agriculture was started by humans. and agriculture done by humans first evidence first evidence We have to visit Mehargarh in Balochistan, Pakistan Have been obtained from a place called. And the place called Mehrgarh was the first The place where agriculture is started by humans started and first of all you know Barley by Man Veet and cotton was cultivated. J

36:11 Wheat and cotton Barley, wheat and wheat were first cultivated by man Cotton was cultivated. permanent life of man the earliest evidence of and the Indian The earliest human settlement in the subcontinent We receive it. From where? Mehrgarh From the same place named. And because we have to face the challenges of the Indian subcontinent, The earliest human settlement found in Mehrgarh It has happened. That is why the ones obtained here which are the remains of houses or which are the remains of houses They are square and rectangular Shapes are found. What I mean to say is that in these human settlements, there are houses the square and rectangular remains of our

36:58 to archaeologists or archeologists Have been received. that is neolithic Period. and also take care by man by man Harvesting of Rice or Paddy Cultivation Harvesting of rice or by humans Rice cultivation also began in the Neolithic period was done. evidence of which Whose evidence we have in Uttar Pradesh A place called Kodi Hawa near Prayagraj Have been received from. Prayagraj of Uttar Pradesh

37:46 The place called Kodi Hava near is the place From where rice cultivation by man or The first thing we need to know about the rice cultivation First evidence has been received. Apart from this, some famous things of Neolithic period are also there. sites, some of the important sites such as the most First place called Catal Huyak in exam It has been asked. will take care of the present in a place called Konya in Turkey We found an archaeological site. We found a site Which is considered to be of the Neolithic period. That is known as cattle huyak. Other than this There are two important places in Jammu and Kashmir Found from the Neolithic period. A Turret Home which was famous pit dwellings or gartavas because here we found some graves like this

38:31 The graves in which the bodies were found along with the owner We see the practice of burying even a dog Who gets it. The place called Burj Hom in Jammu and Kashmir This is the place where some such graves were found in which after digging, from there Human bones were found and so were human skeletons I met him but I am with the owner We also found the bones of a dog From which our archaeologist has made this assumption It is believed that this custom was prevalent there at that time The dog must be buried along with the owner It must have been given. Gufkral of Jammu and Kashmir a place called and I just told you A place called Koldi Hawa in Prayagraj where We get the earliest evidence of rice cultivation from and a place called Chirand in Bihar All of these are important archaeological sites

39:18 or sites that are associated with the Neolithic period or Neolithic period. after this Friends Types of megaliths i.e. graves Memorials from today almost from today about 3000 years ago Construction of megaliths or graves memorials Whatever tradition there was, it was started. meant to say When humans are buried in graves or when buried in tombs large stones were used to identify the graves using stones to create some

40:05 structures were built which were called Is? megaliths or megalithic structures that are primarily We have seen three types. The very first Kane Circles, i.e. Sangoravrt. pieces of stone around the grave The circular shapes are called Kane circles. Meaning of saying dead body by human being or burying dead bodies in the ground or in graves After burying him, he was covered with big stones A circular shape was made so that identification Maybe this is a megalith from that grave The megalithic structure is called Sangoravritta or Ken These were called circles. then comes the next is a dolmen. dolmen a singer's chamber There used to be a megalithic tomb whose

40:51 was used over graves and After that next comes Main Hir. The main one Megalith or a megalithic structure used to be which is more popular in Western Europe It used to happen. where over the graves standing stones or standing stones I used to keep it. which were done to It was called Erratic Maglis. Its beginning occurred about 3000 years ago and most of the There is evidence of this in our country, South India We mostly find evidences of this in South India Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh also, North

41:37 East India And they have also been seen in Kashmir. And also the Neolithic period What was done in it? started Was. After this comes Chalcolithic Period means Copper Stone Age. to say means the period in which a human being Copper's brother Along with stones, now copper also used to make tools Went. This period is approximately 5000 years old It's my period. that is, almost from the birth of Christ. It happened 3000 years ago. About 5000 from today years ago by man using copper and Tools were made using stones.

42:23 The first use of copper by man about 5000 years ago by Went. Evidences of which we find near Madras Found from a place called Athirpakkam. Where From this we get a copper hand axe i.e. a A copper axe has been found. This is also called the Chalcolithic period or The oldest evidence of the Chalcolithic period It is believed. and you will take care of this Pre Harappan Culture or Pre-Harappa You can also call it culture. Because you do you know that about 4700 years ago today About 4500 years ago, the Indus Valley Civilization had just begun and it We are talking about 5000 years ago

43:10 Are. That is why it is called Pre Harappan Culture or It is called the pre-Harappan culture Is. after this Metal Age or Metal Age. First Copper because the most discovered by man First metal. Which was the first metal? Copper. Hand axes, human spears sculptures these instruments are linked to the Ganges, Valley, It has been called Tamra Nidhi which tells us about Copper. Have been received. Then comes the bronze Age or Bronze Age. so just a while ago I told you that Harappa was built in this era. Civilization started in Harappan or Civilization was started in this period. After this came the Iron Age. birth of christ Türkiye about 1400 years ago, that is

43:57 Iron discovered in Asia Minor. But Iron was discovered in India around the birth of Christ It is considered to be 1000 years old. and I've I also told you that I am from Etah in Uttar Pradesh The place called Atranji Kheda is the place where From here we find the earliest evidence of iron or Earliest evidence of iron found Has happened. This was the story of the pre-historic period of the Paleolithic period and thereafter the Proto The Historic Period begins. That means that The proto-historic period begins and I talk about the Indian subcontinent or the oldest and Which is the first civilization is known as indus valley civilization or Harappan Civilization.

44:43 Harappan civilization. by carbon 14 dating method The period fixed for this was 2500 from about 1750 BCE to about 1750 BCE Because this is that period of 750 years in which this civilization reached its mature state The period entered its mature phase. If we talk about the world's oldest civilization if I talk to you then you know that Mesopotamian Civilization is Considered as The Oldest Civilization in the World. Mesopotamia is the oldest civilization in the world It is considered to be the civilization of. Mesopotamia That is, what is currently Iraq today The Mesopotamian civilization was founded there And Indus is considered its contemporary Valley Civilization. It was discovered in 1921

45:33 when its earliest archaeological site was Harappa Discovered by Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni Went. But do you know that till 1921, i.e. that about 100 years ago we had There was only and only this information that our country The first and oldest civilization of There is Vedic civilization. It is Vedic civilization. When 1500 years before the birth of Christ, that is About 35 thousand years ago, when When the Aryans or Aryans arrived, then they of a rural civilization in India by This was the beginning of what we call Vedic Civilization Or it is known as Vedic civilization. But the first evidence of this civilization was found in 1921. Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni, the ancient Harappa was discovered by and we found out

46:19 that the oldest civilization of our country is from today Not about 3000 years but about 4700 from today years old or 3000 years old which one It is known as Harappan civilization. Where does the story begin? Friends You know when he became the Governor General of India Lord Dalhousie came in 1848. From 1848 onwards Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of India until 1856 And during the time of Lord Dalhousie, many Many important and reforms developments were made, one of which There was also development of railways. 16 April 1853 was declared the first president of India by Lord Dalhousie The first train The first passenger train Passenger train from Mumbai to Thane 34 Km. It was run on the track of. the train which was named Black Beauty and from here the Indian

47:06 Revolution started in railways. After this, when in different places of India Work on laying railway tracks is underway There was a railway track from Lahore to Karachi It was also being laid till then. and when from Lahore Lay railway tracks in the middle of Karachi When the work of leaving was going on, we remained on the ground The land is being leveled by digging the mounds Was. Railway lines were being flattened For laying. when there were workers Excavated by. digging up the mounds An attempt was made to level it. so over there in thousands of millions underground Baked bricks came out from it. And when the baked bricks were produced, all the The workers were working there, all of them these bricks ignored these things and

47:51 He saw that the bricks were quite well baked. There are broken bricks. So he thought why not using all of these bricks Should be taken for laying railway tracks. Most of the bricks were removed and the railway used to lay tracks taken and that secret It remained like that, from which we come to know that It could be that there is something under the ground Which we are ignoring. But you might know Alexander Cunningham He was the first archaeologist to collecting and researching the remains of and Archaeological Survey of India Department or Archaeological Survey of India established.

48:40 After a long time, as the Viceroy of India, a There came a man who was himself a He was an archaeologist. Yes Yes, India's most infamous Viceroy Lord Curzon. And when Lord Curzon came, Lord Curzon showed interest in these things because he himself was an archaeologist, It was archaeological. Now only Lord Curzon's Excavation or digging work started from the term Happened. Archaeological Survey to John Marshall of India. He was made the president. and of the same Under the leadership of Mant on the banks of the river Ravi, near Lahore in Gomdi district and there near Karachi on the Indus River in Larkana District The digging work began on the shore and for a long time after digging till then finally the first Success Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni in 1921

49:27 when the whole of the earth was found from beneath the ground an entire site has been discovered which is Non Age Harappa which we found on the banks of the river Ravi and The second success came the very next year in 1922 with R.D. Banerjee Rakhaldas Banerjee got the land when Exploring an entire archaeological site from below it has been done which is known as mohenjodaro or Mohenjo Daro By collecting the remains from both the places When a comparison was made, it was found out that the people living in both places are the same You used to follow the culture and you were good know how to live on a land People who follow the same culture that is known as civilization what is that it is said a civilization is called Now we know that there

50:13 But some civilization or the other did exist. Some or other civilization exists there I used to do it. And because this civilization is the Indus Found in the Valley. That is why it was named and it We said initially Indus Valley Civilization Or the Indus Valley Civilization. and you know This Sindhu river is the river of our country We have an identity because it is from the Indus river that we know what we are Why are you called a Hindu, brother? You must know the first foreigner on India The invaders were Persians, Iranians And you know, the people of Iran are Persians. So Persian language is called Farsi speak the language and because in Persian language S is not pronounced that's why our The Sindhu river was called the Indus river and

51:00 Modified from Hindu People of the Sindhu Bar People of the Hindu Bar what should it be called? Ours is Hindu and from Hindus only The country was called Hindustan. the Persians themselves by the Persians or by the Iranians What name was given to our country by him Went? Hindustan. But this use of the word Hindustan Who is the first person to do anything for our country? Were? Arabians. because you know When we begin with the medieval period, India The first to successfully attack Who will be the Muslims? Arabians. Mohammed Bin Qasim came here and took over Sindh. Will do it. So this civilization is considered as first The Civilization of the Indian Subcontinent. This of the Indian subcontinent or Indian

51:46 Considered to be the earliest civilisation of the subcontinent Is. and that is contemporary to mesopotamian the civilization that originated in Babylon, Iraq Was. I told you the world's oldest The civilization is called Mesopotamian Civilization and is contemporary of this Indus Valley Civilization or Sindhu Valley Civilization happened. after this This is considered as an urban civilization. You might know that this civilization was an urban one. It is considered a civilization. and this urban civilization Why is it considered so? Its most important There are two specialties and this is the most He is famous for his town planning its town planning

52:33 and the second one is for its drainage system or its for the drainage system. Indus Valley Civilization Indian Subcontinent is the earliest civilization of the country and it is considered a It is considered to be an urban civilization which is famous for has its own town planning and drainage system For. Did you understand? First Evidence In 1826 from Harappa was found by Charles Mason. An archaeologist named Charles Mason There was an archaeologist who was most interested in Harappa first remains or first evidences were received.

53:19 But until then, what about this civilization? We had no information. even after this It took us almost 100 more years for this civilization to develop. or to obtain information about To obtain information. Did you understand? Is it cleared? Next. father of indian archaeology Alexander is called the father of archeology Cunningham. because I just told you that Alexander Cunningham is the man who discovered the remains of the Harappan Civilization First collect and then research on it tried to do it and by these ASI by Alexander Cunningham That means that Archaeological Survey of India

54:05 A department was also established. which is called Indian in Hindi Archaeological Survey. Archaeological Survey of India or Indian Archaeological Survey It was founded by Alexander Cunningham. It was done by. That's why Alexander What has Cunningham been called? Father of Indian Archaeology Parent. after this Just now I told you that Indus Valley

54:51 Harappa is the first site of civilization Discovered in 1921 by Dayaram Sahni and In 1922 its second site was built by R.D. Banerjee. That is, discovered by Rakhaldas Banerjee Went. And both their sites are the same In the Indus Valley in the Valley. That is why it is called Indus It was named Valley Civilization. But The biggest question was whether this civilization Was this civilization only in the Indus Valley? did it only exist or there were other river valleys too Does it have any existence on the banks of the river? That is why the search was intensified. excavation The work was further accelerated and the remaining river valleys were Excavation or digging work also started on the banks of Happened. And when along the rest of the river valleys too if it was excavated or if it was dug up We got this information that brother this is only Indus

55:40 Not in the valley but in North India What did Chenab river exist till? A place called Manda in Jammu and Kashmir is its northernmost site or most northern site It is believed that Akhnoor of Jammu and Kashmir It is in the district. On the banks of the Chenab River. If we talk about the South, then the most The southernmost site is Ahmednagar in Maharashtra A place called Damabad which is in Maharashtra in Ahmednagar district and we received this It happened on the banks of Godavari River. The westernmost The site is located in Sutkagendor, Balochistan which We met on the banks of the Dash River and If we talk about the easternmost point then on the Hindon river in Meerut district of the state We found Alamgirpur on the shore

56:27 And we found out that this civilization not only in the Indus Valley but to the Chenab River in the north and to the south to the Godavari River in the west up to the Da River and In the past it used to exist till Hindon River. That is why our archaeologists This civilization was discovered by archaeologists was renamed. And now it is called Indus Valley Civilization is not just that but more Just what is it called? Harappa Civilization. This was named as Harappan Civilization. Of Harappan civilisation.

57:13 This is why it was named Harappa Civilization because you know about this civilization The very first place to meet is the very first Which site did we get? Harappa. that's why this is known as now Harappan Civilization. now it is called Harappa It is known as civilisation. be clear Is it over? Next Maximum Sites In Gujarat In India. By the way, this civilization has existed since 1300 We have received more settlements Are. and all that we get from this civilization The important places are now After the independence of India and after the partition, All of them have gone to Pakistan. But Most of the remains of this civilization are in India Where do we find the most archaeological sites?

57:59 Did you get it? In Gujarat. Let's talk about famous sites. The first site is Harappa. Pakistan's Mant on the banks of the river Ravi We got Harappa from Gomari district. From where it is believed to be the largest building Leads to a granary of 12 chambers. A 12 Chambers Grain Yard Is Considered to be the biggest building found from Harappa from this civilization. Also a Graveyard a Cemetery We have obtained from Harappa what is called R37 or What is the research or Samadhi 37 given? The noun is given. Apart from this, the statue of Goddess of Fertility A statue was also found from Harappa

58:44 Is. And friends, take care that Harappa Are they stamps or seals from made of a soft stone she was made of a soft stone which were called streetite stones, i.e. It was called alabaster. after this Mohenjodaro or Mohenjodaro which literally It means Mount of Dead. The mound which is presently in Sindh, Pakistan is in. Indus River in Larkana District Or it was found on the banks of the Indus River. The biggest building found here Biggest Building Pound From Mohenjo Daro was a

59:31 Great Granary That means a huge granary. Many students are interested in what happens in this Are? are confused and in a hurry What do you do? The largest building found in Mohenjo Daro A great thing. tell me a huge bathroom We give it. But be careful not to make a mistake do. the one from Mohenjodaro The biggest building found is a huge There was a granary. But the most famous building A great thing is a huge thing if asked The bathroom which was rectangular in shape. It was rectangular in shape, with two sides There were stairs made with steps to get into it and it is said that People of Harappan civilization filling water from wells

1:00:17 used to fill it and use it during religious ceremonies or religious For royal bath during activities that was done by important people used to do it. Harappa and Mohenjodaro are the origin of this civilization used to be the most important site of Were. Harappa and Mohenjodaro are also known as Harappa Administrative capital of the civilization Also considered administrative capitals And these are called twin Rajdhani or Twin It's called Capitals. but this civilization The only rural site Chanudaro or is considered a rural site Chanhudaro. the only source of this civilization This is a rural site because we have to go to different places from here. Evidence of a single fort or citadel

1:01:03 Has not been received. On this basis, the archaeologist It is believed that Chanudaro Used to be a rural site. in all the places Houses have been found made of baked bricks. But From the Chanhuds we get mud brick houses Have been received. and also from here we get round bricks Have been received. Everywhere else the ratio of bricks is 4:21 Used to be. But from here we have to go Bricks have been received. And along with Evidence of lipstick also tells us that the Chanhudars or

1:01:49 Are obtained from Chanhudaros. exam It is important. are asked. The next site is called Dawood Jali Heading. Brahmaputra Valley or Brahmaputra of Assam Located in the valley. MC from 1961 to 1963 It was developed by Goswami and TC Sharma. was discovered and from here we got the Jadeite Stone have received. Jadeite stone found which is believed to have been brought from China Had gone. It was obtained from China. This is an exceptional site. After this, Mehargarh. Friends, you know Near the Boland River in Balochistan Mehargarh near the Boland Pass or Bolan Pass There is a place called. which was discovered in 1974 by Gene

1:02:34 The film was directed by François Jarrige. and as I told you Mehrgarh that is the place From where we get information from the Neolithic period Harappa Until civilization Evidences or remains of have been found. After this comes Rakhigarhi which is the present I am in Haryana in India. Saraswati River the banks of the And this is the origin of this civilization in India the largest site or the largest site She goes. Apart from this, Maharashtra's reward

1:03:20 A place called village which is an agrarian site It is considered that you know Ghod river It is situated on the banks of. Next is Lothal, the port city of Gujarat. After this comes Lothal. Friends, you know Lothal is currently in Gujarat. It was discovered by SR Rao on the banks of the Bhogawa River. which was founded by

1:04:05 It is considered a port town or port city. and this is also known as the commercial Capital of this civilization. Lothal was considered the commercial centre of Harappan civilization. It is considered the capital. After this comes Dholavira in Gujarat. After this comes Dholavira of Gujarat Which was discovered by Jagpati Joshi in 1968 It was done in Gujarat. All the sites All the archaeological sites are of Harappan civilization Were divided into two parts. The town of this

1:04:51 The plan was to give one town to another city divided it into parts. But Exceptionally Dholavira is the site which The city was divided into three parts which that it was called Citadel i.e. fortified hill Durg Middle Town and Lower City That means Lower Town. in these two parts What was done to Dholavira? Divide It was done. after this the next one is A place called Shortugai in Afghanistan which for the tin trade and camel trade Used to be famous. of the Harappan civilization People used copper the most because by adding tin it was made into bronze and tin used to be obtained From a place called Shartugai in Afghanistan.

1:05:36 Next is Ropar in Punjab. Next Punjab plantation was done by Yajnadatta in 1953 Sharma YD Sharma on the river Sutlej It was discovered on the shore. and you know that indus valley civilization Ropar is the place where In the tombs with the owner We have evidence of burying the dog Have been received. After this Kalibanga of Rajasthan It was discovered by Amalananda Ghosh near the Ghaggar river It was done on the banks of. from where we got some fire

1:06:23 Pits i.e. some fire pits are plugged Fields means ploughed fields and black Evidence of clay bangles found Has happened. A place called Kalibanga in Rajasthan. Next Then there is the filling. of the Indus Valley Civilization It is considered to be the oldest discovery. And we will take care of the Indus Valley civilization people use different metals or different Where did you get them from used to do it. Copper is mainly used It was used to make tools from it. which It was obtained from Rajasthan. Bronze or bronze is obtained by mixing tin in copper

1:07:09 Bronze was first made in the Harappan civilization People have done it. and visit Mohenjo Daro Wali statue of a dancing girl is considered as the most famous statue of this Civilization. Which was made of bronze. The use of gold The use of gold people used to make jewelry which that is obtained from Kolar in Karnataka Was. Next let's talk about Harappa Town planning of civilization about. As I just told you Told that brother Harappa civilization was in our town For planning or town planning only Used to be famous. it is an urban civilization And each city had two main

1:07:54 What was done in parts? Divided. One It was called the Western Mound i.e. Western Mount. And one was called Eastern Tela, which It was called Eastern Mount. All the sites except Dholavira All the sites are planned in this manner Was. divided into two parts in the same manner Was. which was the Western Mount which was the Western Mound It was small in size. was small in size But it used to be at a higher altitude. and who The Eastern Mount was low in height but will be big and careful in the western hill or western mount itself

1:08:42 The fort used to be a mound or citadel and the lower city or Lower in the eastern mound There used to be a town called Nagar Tila Was. The ruling class people who were in Sita Dedal or who belonged to the elite or upper class people used to be there, he used to live there and his the lower priest's quarters Used to be. But if we talk about the lower city If we talk about Lower Town, there merchants, citizens, soldiers and artisans people of the artisan class used to live there Were. and performed religious rites at the bottom

1:09:29 used to go. and those religious rites for this purpose the Great Bath or There were large bathhouses, they were used used to go To take a royal bath. In this way we or in this way Harappa In civilization people divided cities I did it. This was the town planning for which This civilization was most famous There was another drainage system, brother Baked bricks were used in the cities of Harappan Civilization There used to be houses made of it. like mohenjodaro Houses with one or two storeys There used to be one-storey houses. where there is a courtyard There used to be, there used to be kitchens too, There used to be a bathroom or a bathhouse as well

1:10:15 Used to be. Every house also has a separate well Used to be. and all the water is taken out used to go in drains made of baked bricks Which used to be covered from above. He Small drains that are outside the houses she used to be in the slope and the water goes out through the same drains Go to the big drains on the main road and meet I used to go. In between what used to be large drains manholes were made in the can be maintained and any external Dirt or any Do not let anything enter those drains or the city. Therefore, by using wood they Nets were also made in the drains. all of them

1:11:00 All the big drains were built outside the city connected huge tanks We used to do it and all the water came out Used to go there and gather there. What I mean to say is such an excellent drainage system People about 4000 years ago also It was maintained and kept. Because of which it is The most famous is civilization. and its will take care of parts of a citadel later That is, a part of a fort is a part of a fort What kind of parts used to exist? The first store house for grains There used to be warehouses to keep these In the Citadel or Citadel mounds. Other than this Great Bath for Important People. For important people

1:11:48 There used to be bathrooms. and also fire alters for religious For religious ceremonies There used to be Agni altars. Fire Pits Used to be. And friends keep in mind that around 1750 A.D. This civilization ended as it came closer to the East It's done. Different archaeologists have described it in several ways All votes were cast. Give many reasons for this. Some? Said that the resources were exhausted. some have Some said it was because of climate change, some said Because of malaria. Some said North Imports from western countries stopped. Because of this the resources got exhausted and this Civilization ended. People started saying that brother

1:12:35 Garbage started spreading in the cities. people to the cities They started leaving one after the other. But this is considered the most valid review It is said that about 1750 years from the birth of Christ earlier or about 1700 years ago, this whole because of the rivers throughout the territory of The number was very high. that's why it floods The whole civilization came into existence because of Or the entire civilization came to an end. What happened after this for about 250 years? We do not have any information about and you know that after this About 1500 years before the birth of Christ Arrived in India around 3500 years ago Of the Aryans or of the Aryans and these Aryans and these Aryans created the most powerful civilization in our country

1:13:21 first started the rural civilization which We are followers of Vedic Civilization or Vedic Civilization Know it by name. So now let's talk We will do Vedic period or Vedic civilization about which some historians have kept in the historic period and some Historians have called it proto-historic It is considered a part of the period. So let's go Let us look at the Vedic period or Vedic era about. Vedic period means Vedic period. of Jesus From 1500 years before the birth of Christ to 600 years before birth which is 900 years old The period that was there is known as Vedic period. and friends keep in mind this word Vedic

1:14:07 It is made from the word Veda. and you know What is the meaning of Veda? Knowledge. or knowledge And from whom do we get knowledge? that person from one who is knowledgeable and one who will be knowledgeable What will that definitely do to us? Superior or It would be best. meant to say The word Arya What is the meaning of the word Aryan? Superior or best. This word Vedic is made from that. After this, friends, we get information About the Vedic Period About the Vedic Period about this vedic period we have given two

1:14:54 divided into major parts which include The first is called the Rig Vedic period or

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