What Happens If You ONLY Drink WATER For 72 Hours? (Fasting Science)

0:00 Well, hi everyone. This is Dr. Bennett, and today I want to talk about something that most people either consider extreme, misunderstand completely, or have attempted without truly understanding what they were asking their body to do. A 3-day water fast. Now, before anything else, I want to be very clear about what today is and what it is not. This is not a video encouraging everyone watching to go do a 3-day fast starting tomorrow. This is a raw science lecture about how physiology works. About what actually happens inside your body, inside your brain, inside your organs hour by hour across 72 hours of water-only fasting. Because the science of what occurs during this window is one of the most extraordinary

0:45 stories in all of human biology, and most people have never heard it told accurately. I have had patients come to me after attempting 3-day fasts because they saw a video on the internet and experienced something alarming because nobody prepared them for what the body actually goes through. I have had other patients come to me after completing 3-day fasts under proper guidance and describe experiences of mental clarity, physical lightness, and metabolic transformation that they could not fully explain. Both groups deserve better information before they started, and today I am going to give you that information in this lecture. Now, I want to ask something of you before we start. Please either watch this video till the very end or don't join at all. Not as a favor to me, but as a favor to yourself

1:32 because the physiology of a 3-day fast is layered and sequential. What happens at hour 12 is the foundation for what happens at hour 48. What happens at hour 48 determines what becomes possible at hour 72. If you skip ahead, you will miss the connections that make the whole picture meaningful, and half the picture here is genuinely more dangerous than no picture at all. Also, if you are new to my channel, please make sure you subscribe because I am committed to giving you the kind of health education that actually changes how you think about your own body. I'm not here to talk about any trends or tricks. I will just explain the real biology in a way that respects your intelligence. Now, let us begin where every fast begins.

2:17 Not at hour one, but at the moment the last meal ends and the body starts its quiet, organized, remarkably intelligent transition away from dependence on incoming food. In the first 0 to 12 hours, the body moves through what we have discussed before in the context of shorter fasts. The fed state gives way to the early fasting state. Insulin begins falling. The liver starts drawing on glycogen stores. Glucagon rises. Ghrelin sends its first and second hunger waves, and both pass without crisis. By around 10 to 12 hours, liver glycogen is substantially depleted. Fat oxidation begins increasing. Ketone production starts quietly in the background. This is the foundation, and I want you to understand it as a foundation because everything that

3:04 happens across the next 60 hours is built on top of these first 12. If this phase is disrupted, if insulin is kept elevated by sweetened drinks, flavored supplements, or anything other than plain water, the deeper phases either do not occur or occur far less effectively. A 3-day water fast works because water keeps the hormonal environment clean. Nothing raises insulin. Nothing interferes with AMPK activation. Nothing interrupts the sequential unfolding of the body's repair cascade. That is why it is water, not juice, not broth with added ingredients, not flavored electrolyte drinks with hidden sweeteners. Water. And we will talk about electrolytes specifically because they are genuinely important and

3:50 genuinely misunderstood in the context of extended fasting. Now, be honest with me. How many of you think you were fasting but still having tea, coffee with sugar, or flavored drinks? Just comment clean or not clean, so I understand where you stand. Don't be shy. We all are here to learn and uplift each other. There is no judging people here on my channel. Now, as you cross into the 12 to 24-hour window, the body enters full fat-burning mode in a way that shorter fasting windows only begin to touch. Insulin is now very low. Hormone-sensitive lipase is fully active. Fat cells across the body are releasing fatty acids steadily into the bloodstream. The liver is converting those fatty acids into ketones at an increasing rate. And here is something

4:37 most people do not know about this specific window. The brain begins a process of transition that is genuinely one of the most important events in the entire 3-day fast. The brain is typically the most glucose-dependent organ in the body. It consumes roughly 20% of the body's total energy despite representing only about 2% of body weight. Under normal fed conditions, it runs almost entirely on glucose, but the brain has another fuel source available to it, ketones. And as ketone levels rise through this 12 to 24-hour window, the brain begins shifting its fuel preference. Not completely yet, but meaningfully. And this shift is not just about energy supply. It is about the quality of that energy and what it does

5:23 to brain function. Ketones produce less oxidative stress than glucose during combustion. They stabilize neuronal firing patterns. They reduce excitatory neurotransmitter activity that can make the brain feel noisy, anxious, and reactive. Many people describe a settling of mental noise during this phase of a fast that is unlike anything they experience during normal eating. That settling is neurological. It is biochemical. It is the brain discovering a cleaner, quieter fuel source that it was always capable of using but rarely gets access to in a world of constant eating. So, do you experience constant mental noise during the day, overthinking, anxiety, or just a restless mind? Or have you ever felt that calm clarity people describe during fasting? Tell me in the comments below.

6:10 The gut during this window is experiencing something equally remarkable. Without any food arriving, the migrating motor complex activates. This is a rhythmic pattern of muscular contractions that sweeps through the stomach and small intestine approximately every 90 minutes when the gut is in a fasted state. Think of it as the gut's self-cleaning cycle. It clears residual food particles, bacteria, and debris from the digestive tract. In people who eat constantly, this cycle never fully completes because eating interrupts it. During an extended water fast, it runs unimpeded for the first time in years for most people. This is one of the physiological reasons people describe a feeling of internal cleanliness during extended fasting that

6:56 goes beyond simple emptiness. The kidneys during this phase are doing important work as well. As insulin falls, the kidneys excrete sodium and water more readily. This is why the first noticeable physical change during a fast is often a reduction in water retention and bloating. The body is releasing fluid that was being held partly as a consequence of chronically elevated insulin. This is normal. This is healthy. But it also means that electrolyte management becomes important during this window. Sodium in particular must be replaced. Not with sports drinks or sweetened electrolyte products. With plain mineral water, a small pinch of quality salt in water, or unsweetened electrolyte capsules. Ignoring sodium loss during an extended fast is one of

7:43 the most common reasons people experience unnecessary dizziness, fatigue, and headaches that they then incorrectly attribute to the fast itself harming them. The heart during this window continues the metabolic shift toward fat and ketone utilization that we discussed in the context of shorter fasts. Cardiac efficiency improves. Inflammatory markers in the blood begin declining. Blood pressure often drops modestly as fluid retention decreases and vascular tone improves. For people with mild hypertension, this can be a meaningful early benefit of extended fasting. For people on blood pressure medications, this is also a reason that medical supervision during extended fasting is not optional but essential. If you are still here with me, go ahead and comment the word yes, doctor below,

8:30 and I will know how many of you joined today and are attentive in the lecture. Also, if you're enjoying the value so far, you can consider giving me a thumbs up on this session and also use the hype option on YouTube so other folks can also find this lecture and learn about their bodies instead of just hearing the basics. Now, as we cross into the 24 to 48-hour window, we enter territory that most people who practice intermittent fasting have never personally experienced. And this is where the physiology of a 3-day fast becomes genuinely distinct from anything a shorter fast produces. This is not simply more of the same. This is a categorically different metabolic state, and understanding what changes here, organ by organ, system by system, is what separates informed fasting from

9:16 dangerous experimentation. By the 24-hour mark, insulin is at its lowest baseline. Ketone levels have risen from the trace amounts present at 12 hours to levels that are now making a meaningful contribution to brain fuel. Autophagy, which was beginning to accelerate in the final hours of a 24-hour fast, is now running at a significantly elevated rate across multiple tissue types simultaneously. But here is what most people do not appreciate about this window. The body is not simply continuing to do what it was doing before at a higher intensity. It is adding entirely new layers of physiological activity that only become possible after sustained low insulin creates the right hormonal environment. One of the most significant additions is

10:01 a dramatic rise in growth hormone. Studies have shown that growth hormone can rise to levels several fold above normal baseline during the 24 to 48-hour window of fasting. And I want to spend time on this because it directly addresses the fear that extended fasting destroys muscle. Growth hormone is the most powerful muscle preserving signal the human body produces. It tells every tissue in the body to protect lean mass, to direct fuel utilization toward fat, to support repair rather than breakdown. At the same time, it enhances fat mobilization from adipose tissue. So, the body is simultaneously protecting muscle and accelerating fat burning. These two things are not in conflict during a properly structured extended

10:47 fast. They are happening together because the hormonal environment is supporting both simultaneously. Think of growth hormone during this phase as a very precise foreman on a construction site. He is telling the workers, "Do not touch the structural walls. Do not touch the load-bearing beams. Take everything that is broken, everything that is redundant, everything that is inefficient, and remove it. Then use those materials to strengthen what remains." That is what the body is doing to your lean tissue and your fat stores simultaneously during this window. It is an extraordinarily intelligent operation. Now, let us talk about the brain specifically because the changes happening in the brain during the 24 to 48-hour window are among the most clinically significant and least

11:33 discussed aspects of extended fasting. By this point, ketone levels have risen high enough that ketones are now supplying a substantial portion of the brain's total energy needs. The brain has not abandoned glucose entirely. The liver continues gluconeogenesis to maintain a baseline glucose supply, but the proportion of brain energy coming from ketones versus glucose has shifted dramatically compared to the fed state. What does this shift produce at the level of brain function and brain health? Several things that are genuinely remarkable. First, the reduction in oxidative stress inside neurons. Ketone metabolism produces fewer reactive oxygen species than glucose metabolism. This means neurons are experiencing less oxidative damage

12:19 during this phase than they do during normal glucose-dependent function. For people concerned about brain aging, cognitive decline, or neuroinflammation, this is one of the most compelling arguments for periodic extended fasting. Second, a process called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, begins rising during this window. BDNF is essentially fertilizer for brain cells. It supports the survival of existing neurons. It promotes the growth of new neural connections. It enhances learning, memory consolidation, and cognitive flexibility. Chronic low BDNF is associated with depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative disease. Elevated BDNF is associated with sharper thinking, improved mood,

13:06 and better emotional regulation. Fasting is one of the most reliable ways to raise BDNF that we know of, and it begins doing so meaningfully during this 24 to 48-hour window. So, let me ask you directly, do you struggle more with low mood, brain fog, or lack of focus in your daily life? Share your thoughts in the comments. Let's try to improve ourselves. Now, third, the glymphatic system becomes more active. The glymphatic system is the brain's waste clearance network. It operates primarily during deep sleep using cerebrospinal fluid to flush metabolic waste products from between brain cells. These waste products include proteins associated with neurodegeneration, such as amyloid beta. During extended fasting, the glymphatic system appears to become more

13:53 efficient, partly because ketones reduce neuronal activity to a quieter, more ordered baseline that facilitates better waste clearance. This is one of the mechanisms behind the experience many people describe during extended fasting of mental clarity that feels almost structural, not just alertness, something deeper, a quietness of mind that feels like the brain has been cleaned from the inside. At the cellular level throughout the body, autophagy during this window is doing work that simply cannot be replicated by any supplement, any drug, or any shorter fasting protocol. Misfolded proteins that accumulate inside cells and contribute to inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging are being systematically identified and broken down. Damaged organelles are being

14:39 recycled. Senescent cells, cells that have stopped dividing properly and that release inflammatory signals into surrounding tissue, are being cleared more aggressively. This is one of the reasons extended fasting has been studied seriously in the context of longevity science. The cellular cleanup that occurs during this window is one of the most powerful anti-aging mechanisms available to the human body, and it requires no technology, no prescription, no expensive intervention. It requires only the temporary absence of food and a body that is given the right conditions to do what it already knows how to do. The liver during this window continues its remarkable multitasking. Gluconeogenesis is running steadily to supply the brain. Ketone production is

15:25 robust. Hepatic fat content is declining as the liver burns its own stored fat. Liver inflammation is decreasing, and insulin signaling within the liver is resetting toward greater sensitivity. For people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the 24 to 48-hour window of a properly structured water fast represents some of the most intensive therapeutic activity the liver will ever experience, far more than any medication currently available achieves with the same combination of fat reduction, inflammation control, and insulin sensitivity restoration happening simultaneously. The gut microbiome during this window undergoes a significant reorganization. Without any incoming substrate,

16:11 bacterial populations are being forced to adapt. Species that are highly dependent on constant dietary sugar decline in number. Species with greater metabolic flexibility survive and eventually thrive. When feeding resumes, the gut environment is essentially reset to a more favorable baseline. This is one reason people often report dramatically improved digestive function in the weeks following an extended fast. The microbiome they return to feeding is a healthier, more balanced one than the microbiome they started the fast with. The immune system during this window is undergoing one of its most profound renovations. Older, dysfunctional immune cells that have been contributing to chronic inflammatory signaling are being systematically cleared. Bone marrow stem

16:58 cell activity increases in anticipation of immune system rebuilding when feeding resumes. Research has shown that extended fasting followed by proper refeeding can produce measurable regeneration of immune cell populations. This is not a small effect. This is a genuine renewal of immune capacity that has led researchers to study extended fasting seriously in the context of autoimmune disease, cancer treatment support, and immune aging. Now, I want to address something honest and important here because I believe you deserve the complete picture and not just the inspiring parts. The 24 to 48-hour window is also when the body begins experiencing its most significant electrolyte challenges. Sodium,

17:43 potassium, and magnesium losses are accelerating. The consequences of ignoring this are not trivial. Heart palpitations, significant fatigue, muscle cramps, cognitive fog that is incorrectly attributed to fasting itself when in reality it is simply mineral depletion. Managing electrolytes during an extended water fast is not optional supplementation. It is essential physiology management. Small amounts of sodium and magnesium in plain water make the difference between a fast that feels increasingly difficult and a fast that feels increasingly clear and manageable. Cortisol during this window bears watching as well. In a well-nourished individual with adequate sleep and low baseline stress, cortisol remains manageable during an extended fast. The

18:28 body is stressed in a controlled, adaptive way, and cortisol rises modestly to support gluconeogenesis and energy mobilization. But in someone who is already chronically stressed, sleep-deprived, or under significant psychological pressure, cortisol can rise to levels that begin working against the benefits of fasting. Elevated cortisol raises blood sugar, increases insulin, and can actively suppress autophagy and growth hormone. This is one of the most important reasons I tell people that the internal environment you bring to an extended fast matters as much as the fast itself. You cannot layer a 3-day water fast on top of a chronically stressed, sleep-deprived nervous system and expect the physiology to cooperate. If you are

19:14 still here with me, comment the words, "I am listening, doctor," and I will know how many of you are genuinely committed to understanding this extraordinary process your body is capable of. I know the lecture is getting long, but trust me, understanding things completely matters the most. I don't want you to go with half knowledge. So, now as we enter the 48 to 72-hour window, the final stretch of a 3-day water fast, we are in physiological territory that very few people in the modern world ever experience. And I want to be honest with you about what that means. It means the benefits available here are extraordinary, but it also means the requirements for doing this safely and intelligently are equally serious. This is not casual fasting. This is deliberate structured physiological intervention, and it deserves to be

20:01 treated with exactly that level of respect. By 48 hours, the body has completed its transition away from external fuel dependence so thoroughly that it is now operating with a level of internal efficiency that is genuinely remarkable. Insulin is profoundly suppressed. Ketone levels are high and stable. The brain is running predominantly on ketones with gluconeogenesis supplying only the baseline glucose that certain brain regions still require. Growth hormone is significantly elevated. Autophagy is running at its highest sustained rate of the entire fast, and the immune system is in the deepest phase of its renovation process. Let me start with what is happening in the brain during this final window,

20:47 because for many people, this is the most personally significant aspect of a 3-day fast. By 48 hours, the neurological shift that began quietly at 12 hours and accelerated through the 24-to-48-hour window has now fully matured. The brain is not struggling to adapt to ketone fuel anymore. It has adapted, and the experience of that adaptation is what people describe when they talk about the mental clarity of extended fasting in terms that sound almost too remarkable to be believed. The reduction in neuroinflammation during this phase is measurable and meaningful. Inflammatory cytokines that contribute to brain fog, mood instability, anxiety, and cognitive fatigue have been declining since the

21:32 early hours of the fast. By 72 hours, they are at their lowest point. BDNF, the brain's growth factor, is elevated. The glymphatic system has had days of reduced metabolic noise to work more efficiently. Accumulated waste products between brain cells have been progressively cleared. Neurons are firing on cleaner fuel with less oxidative byproduct, and the result of all of this combined is an experience of mental function that most people have genuinely never encountered before. Not just alertness, not just the absence of brain fog, something qualitatively different. A stillness of mind, a clarity of thought, a reduction in mental reactivity that people who have experienced it consistently describe as feeling like their brain has been reset.

22:18 This is not mysticism. This is the cumulative result of 3 days of neurological housekeeping that modern constant eating never allows to happen. The brain was designed to experience periods of this kind of metabolic quiet. We have simply removed those periods so completely from modern life that when people encounter them for the first time during extended fasting, the experience feels almost foreign, like remembering something the brain always knew how to do but had forgotten. Now, let us talk about the immune system during this final window, because the science here is genuinely groundbreaking and deserves to be understood clearly. Research pioneered at institutions studying fasting and longevity has shown that extended fasting in the range of 72

23:04 hours produces a significant reduction in a signaling pathway called IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor one. IGF-1 is a growth-promoting pathway. When it is high, the body prioritizes growth and proliferation. When it falls during extended fasting, the body shifts its priority toward repair, recycling, and regeneration. One of the most remarkable consequences of this IGF-1 reduction combined with sustained AMPK activation is what happens to hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. These are the stem cells responsible for producing immune cells. During the fast, all dysfunctional immune cells are being cleared through autophagy. The immune system is essentially being pruned. When

23:51 feeding resumes and IGF-1 rises again, these bone marrow stem cells receive a powerful signal to regenerate and produce new immune cells to replace what was cleared. The result is a genuine renewal of immune cell populations, not a suppression of immunity, a regeneration of it. This is why researchers studying fasting in the context of chemotherapy support have found that patients who fast around chemotherapy cycles experience less immune suppression and faster immune recovery. The fasting clears damaged immune cells that chemotherapy would otherwise harm further, and the refeeding triggers regeneration of healthier replacements. I am not saying fasting is a cancer treatment. I am saying the immune biology of extended fasting is serious enough that it is being studied at the

24:37 highest levels of medical research. That alone tells you something important about what is happening in this 72-hour window. The gut during this final phase has completed one of its most thorough rests in years for most people. The migrating motor complex has been running its cleaning cycles uninterrupted for days. The gut lining has had extended time for repair and strengthening of tight junctions. The microbiome has reorganized toward a more favorable composition, and perhaps most importantly, the gut-associated immune system, which represents approximately 70% of the body's total immune tissue, has participated in the same renewal process occurring throughout the rest of the immune system. When feeding resumes thoughtfully after a 3-day fast, the gut the body returns to feeding is

25:23 healthier, less inflamed, and more capable of its barrier and immune functions than the gut that started the fast. The liver by 72 hours has undergone a degree of metabolic reset that no medication or supplement can replicate. Hepatic fat content has declined significantly. Liver insulin sensitivity has been substantially restored. Inflammatory signaling from the liver has quieted dramatically. Gluconeogenesis is running efficiently and precisely, maintaining stable blood sugar for the brain without overshooting. And the liver's own cellular autophagy has cleared accumulated damage that contributes to metabolic dysfunction over time. For people with early-to-moderate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a properly supervised 3-day water fast

26:11 represents one of the most therapeutically powerful interventions available. I want to be careful how I say that, because I'm not recommending that everyone with fatty liver immediately attempt a 3-day fast. I am saying that the physiology of what happens to the liver during this window is extraordinary and deserves serious clinical attention. Visceral fat by 72 hours has been under continuous assault from hormone-sensitive lipase for 3 days of low insulin. The reduction in visceral fat content after a properly executed 3-day fast is not trivial, and remember what we discussed about visceral fat earlier. It is not passive storage. It is an active inflammatory organ. Every reduction in visceral fat content produces a corresponding reduction in inflammatory cytokine

26:58 output, which produces improvements in insulin sensitivity, which produces further improvements in fat oxidation, which produces further reductions in visceral fat. It is a cascade of benefit that a 3-day fast initiates and that continued healthy habits sustain long after the fast ends. Now, I must speak honestly and directly about safety, because everything I have described in this video exists within a physiological context that has boundaries. And those boundaries must be respected completely. A 3-day water fast is not appropriate for everyone. It is not something to attempt based solely on a video you watched online, regardless of how scientifically grounded that video is. Let me be very clear about who should not attempt this without direct medical

27:44 supervision, and in many If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, a 3-day water fast is not for you under any circumstance. If you have a history of eating disorders, extended fasting can activate patterns that cause serious harm and must be avoided. If you are on insulin or sulfonylurea medications, 3 days without food can cause life-threatening hypoglycemia. If you have advanced kidney disease, the metabolic shifts of a 3-day fast place demands on kidney function that can be dangerous. If you have cardiac arrhythmias or significant heart disease, the electrolyte dynamics of extended fasting require careful medical monitoring. If you are significantly underweight or malnourished, a 3-day

28:30 fast is adding physiological stress to a body that needs nourishment, not restriction. And if you are under significant chronic psychological stress, deeply sleep deprived, or dealing with active illness, your cortisol environment will fight against the benefits of extended fasting, and the experience will be one of harm rather than healing. For people who are metabolically healthy, well nourished, not on medications that interact with fasting, and who approach this with proper preparation, electrolyte management, adequate rest during the fast, and a thoughtful refeeding plan, a 3-day water fast can be one of the most powerful physiological reset experiences available. But preparation matters enormously. The days leading into a 3-day fast should involve gradually

29:16 reducing carbohydrates to make the transition into ketosis smoother and less uncomfortable. Hydration should be excellent before the fast begins. Sleep should be prioritized throughout. And the plan for breaking the fast must be as carefully considered as the fast itself. Breaking a 3-day water fast incorrectly is one of the most common ways people undo its benefits or create genuine harm. If you fasted before, how did you break your fast? Carefully, or did you go straight into a heavy meal? Share your story in the comments. Because at this point, the digestive system has been resting for 72 hours. Enzymes are at reduced levels. The gut lining is in a sensitized state. Introducing a large meal, a high-carbohydrate meal, or a highly

30:03 processed meal immediately after a 3-day fast can cause significant digestive distress, a dramatic and harmful insulin spike, and in extreme cases, a dangerous shift in electrolyte balance called refeeding syndrome. The fast must be broken gently. Small amounts of easily digestible food first. Bone broth, a small portion of cooked vegetables, a modest serving of protein. Allow the digestive system to wake up gradually over the first several hours before returning to normal meal sizes. Allow insulin to rise slowly rather than delivering it a massive spike as its first signal after 3 days of near absence. Now, let me bring everything together because I want to leave you with the perspective that I believe matters most about everything we have

30:49 covered today. A 3-day water fast is not an extreme act. It is an ancient one. Humans fasted for 3 days and beyond regularly throughout evolutionary history, not by choice, but by necessity. The body did not develop these extraordinary fasting adaptations as emergency measures. It developed them as part of normal metabolic life. The fed state and the fasted state were always meant to alternate. What is genuinely extreme from a biological standpoint is what most people do today, eating from morning to night, keeping insulin elevated for 18 hours a day, never allowing autophagy to run, never allowing the brain to experience ketone fuel, never giving the gut time to complete its cleaning cycles, never

31:35 allowing the immune system to prune and regenerate. What a 3-day water fast does is remind the body of something it always knew. That periods of deliberate metabolic quiet are not deprivation, they are restoration. The brain clears, the liver heals, the immune system renews, visceral fat recedes, cellular debris is recycled into raw material for rebuilding. Energy that was being wasted on chronic inflammation becomes available for genuine function, and people emerge from a properly executed 3-day fast not depleted, but genuinely reset in a way that is difficult to fully describe until you have experienced the physiology yourself. But, I will end with this. The most powerful thing a 3-day water fast does

32:21 is not what it adds, it is what it removes. It removes the constant hormonal noise of chronic eating. It removes the inflammatory burden of visceral fat and cellular debris. It removes the metabolic fog of chronically elevated insulin. It removes the neurological noise of glucose-dependent brain function. And in that removal, the body remembers what it was designed to be. Efficient, resilient, self-repairing, calm. That is what happens to your body during 3 days of water fasting. Not damage, not deprivation. If you have watched my full lecture today, I must sincerely and genuinely salute your attention because choosing to understand something at this depth rather than accepting a surface-level answer is itself a form of

33:07 self-respect that very few people extend to their own health. Go ahead right now in the comment section and tell me if you heard me till the end, and also what was the single most important thing you learned today. I genuinely want to hear it from you so we can improve together. And if you found today's lecture even a bit valuable, please subscribe to my channel. Hit that like button and share this with someone you care about right now. Please do not wait. Send it via WhatsApp, email, or a text. Someone in your life is either afraid of fasting or attempting it without understanding it. Give them the science they deserve. Also, if you're interested in watching more lectures, you can go through this playlist. And also, watch the next lecture I've plugged here. Thanks for joining me in today's session. This was Dr. Bennett, and I will see you in the

33:52 next lecture very soon.