Araling Panlipunan 8 MATATAG Q2 Week 1-1 Pagbagsak ng Constantinople with PPT & DLL

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Ang video ay nagbibigay ng aral tungkol sa pagbagsak ng Constantinople at ang mga implikasyon nito sa kasaysayan. Tinalakay nito ang mga relihiyon at paniniwala, ang paglakas ng Byzantine Empire, ang mga dahilan ng paghina nito, at ang pananakop ng Ottoman Empire. Binigyang-diin din ang mga epekto ng pangyayaring ito sa kalakalan, pagtuklas ng mga bagong ruta, at ang pag-usbong ng Renaissance. Ang pangunahing aral ay ang kahalagahan ng pagiging handa sa pagbabago at pagiging maparaan.

  • Pagbagsak ng Constantinople noong 1453 na nagdulot ng pagtatapos ng Byzantine Empire.
  • Paghahanap ng mga bagong ruta ng kalakalan na nagbunsod sa Age of Discovery.
  • Kontribusyon ng mga Greek scholar sa pag-usbong ng Renaissance.
  • Kahalagahan ng pagiging handa sa pagbabago at pagiging maparaan.

Relihiyon at Paniniwala

Ipinakilala ang iba't ibang relihiyon at paniniwala sa mundo, kabilang ang Islam, Confusionism, Sikhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Judaism, Shintoism, Christianity, Chinism, at Buddhism. Bawat isa ay may kanya-kanyang paniniwala at prinsipyo na humuhubog sa pamumuhay at kultura ng mga tao. Ang Islam ay nakatuon sa limang haligi, ang Confusionism sa tamang pamumuhay, at ang Sikhism sa integrasyon ng espiritwal at temporal na buhay. Ang Hinduism ay naniniwala sa reinkarnasyon, ang Taoism sa pamumuhay na ayon sa kalikasan, at ang Judaism sa pagsunod sa mga utos ng Diyos. Ang Shintoism ay naniniwala sa Kami bilang ugnayan sa kalikasan, ang Christianity sa mga turo ni Hesus, ang Chinism sa kawalan ng karahasan, at ang Buddhism sa pag-alis ng pagkauhaw sa materyal na bagay.

Pag-usbong ng Byzantine Empire

Ang Christianity ay nagsimula sa Judea at lumaganap sa pamumuno ni Emperor Constantine, na ginawang opisyal na relihiyon ng Roman Empire. Itinatag ni Constantine ang Constantinople noong 330 CE bilang bagong kabisera upang palakasin ang kontrol sa silangang bahagi ng imperyo. Dito nagsimula ang Byzantine Empire, na humalili sa silangang Roman Empire. Ang pangalang Byzantine ay nagmula sa Byzantium, ang dating pangalan ng Constantinople, na ngayon ay Istanbul, Turkey. Sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Justinian, naabot ng Byzantine Empire ang tugatog ng tagumpay nito nang mabawi nito ang ilan sa mga dating teritoryo ng Western Empire.

Pagbagsak ng Western Empire at Paglakas ng Simbahang Katoliko

Ang pagbagsak ng Western Empire noong 476 CE ay nagpasimula sa medieval period, kung saan naging dominante ang Simbahang Katoliko at nagkaroon ng malaking impluwensya sa gobyerno, edukasyon, at kultura. Dahil kakaunti lamang ang marunong bumasa, ang mga monasteryo ang naging sentro ng pag-aaral. Habang ang Europa ay pinamumunuan ng mga monarkiya at maharlika sa ilalim ng feudal system, ang Simbahang Katoliko ay nanatiling makapangyarihan sa kanlurang Europa, habang ang silangang imperyo na nakasentro sa Constantinople ay patuloy na lumakas.

Pagkakahati ng Simbahan (Great Schism)

Dahil sa pagkakaiba sa wika, kultura, at pananampalataya, lumalim ang tensyon sa pagitan ng Papa sa kanluran at ng Patriarka sa silangan. Sa kanlurang simbahan, ang Papa ang pinuno ng lahat ng simbahan, samantalang sa simbahan sa Byzantine Empire, ang Patriarka ang pinuno ng simbahan na hinirang ng emperador. Noong 1054, tuluyang naputol ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng Roman Catholic Church sa kanluran at ng Eastern Orthodox Church sa silangan. Ang paghihiwalay na ito, na tinatawag na Great Schism, ay nagresulta sa dalawang magkaibang sangay ng Kristiyanismo.

Pamumuno ni Justinian at ang Hagia Sophia

Sa loob ng maraming siglo, lumakas ang Byzantine Empire sa ilalim ng pamumuno ng mga emperador na nagtaguyod ng relihiyon, sining, at pamahalaan. Inorganisa ni Emperor Justinian ang pamamahala ng imperyo sa pamamagitan ng pagbuo ng isang code mula sa mga sinaunang batas ng Roma sa tulong ng mga pangkat ng eksperto. Ito ay tinawag na Corpus Jurist Civilist o Code of Justinian, na naging pundasyon ng batas sa maraming bansa at isa sa pinakamahalagang pamana ng Byzantine sa sibilisasyon. Ang Hagia Sophia ay itinayo rin bilang simbolo ng kapangyarihan at pananampalataya.

Constantinople Bilang Golden Apple

Tinawag ang Constantinople na golden apple dahil sa yaman nito, lokasyon, at kahalagahan sa kalakalan at politika. Upang protektahan ang lungsod, nagtayo sila ng makapal na pader at naglagay ng malaking tanikala sa bukana ng dagat upang harangan ang mga kaaway.

Pagbagsak ng Constantinople

Noong ika-11 siglo, unti-unting humina ang Constantinople dahil sa panloob na kaguluhan at panlabas na banta. Sa loob ng imperyo, lumala ang krisis sa ekonomiya, ang korapsyon at madalas na pagbabago ng pamumuno ay humantong sa paghina ng pamahalaan. Samantala, sa labas, ang lumalaking Ottoman Empire ay naghangad na sakupin ang lungsod bilang sentro ng kalakalan at kapangyarihan. Noong 1453, pinangunahan ni Sultan Mehmed II, na kilala bilang Memed the Conqueror, ang isang malawakang pagkubkob sa Constantinople na tumagal ng halos dalawang buwan. Sa kabila ng matapang na paglaban ng huling emperador, si Constantine XI Palaiologos, bumagsak ang lungsod noong Mayo 29, 1453.

Mga Implikasyon ng Pagbagsak ng Constantinople

Nagtapos ang Byzantine Empire. Natapos ang pangingibabaw ng Roman Empire sa silangan at nagbago ang balanse ng kapangyarihan sa Europa at Asya. Nawala sa Eastern Orthodox Church ang sentro nito at kumalat ang takot sa buong Europa sa patuloy na pagpapalawak ng kapangyarihang Muslim. Lumakas ang Ottoman Empire. Nakuha nila ang ruta ng kalakalan at ang prestihiyo ng lungsod. Ang Haya Sofia ay ginawang isang moske, na naging simbolo ng tagumpay ng Islam sa dating teritoryong Kristiyano.

Pagkagambala sa Kalakalan at Age of Discovery

Nagambala ang dating ruta ng kalakalan sa pagitan ng Europa at Asya, lalo na para sa mga pampalasa. Kaya napilitan ang mga Europeo na humanap ng bagong ruta. Nagsimula ang Age of Discovery at Colonization. Natuklasan ang mga bagong lupain, nagsimula ang kolonisasyon, at lumawak ang pandaigdigang kalakalan. Ito rin ang simula ng pagpapalawak ng impluwensyang Europeo sa buong mundo.

Paglikas ng mga Greek Scholar sa Renaissance

Maraming iskolar mula sa Constantinople ang lumipat sa kanlurang Europa kasama ang kanilang mga manuskrito at kaalaman. Ito ay isang mahalagang salik sa paglitaw ng Renaissance sa Italya, na humantong sa muling pagsilang ng sining, agham, at pilosopiya. Nagkaroon din ng palitan ng kultura sa pagitan ng mga Kristiyano at Muslim. Sa kabila ng tensyon, nagkaroon ng palitan ng sining, ideya at teknolohiya sa pagitan ng mga Muslim at Kristiyano.

Oportunidad sa Pagkatalo

Noong 1453, nang makuha ng mga Ottoman ang Constantinople at kontrolado nang mahigpit ang Silk Road, napilitan ang mga Europeo na humanap ng bagong ruta, na nagmarka ng simula ng panahon ng paggalugad at pagtuklas ng mga bagong lupain. Kung hindi bumagsak ang Constantinople, maaaring naantala ang pagtuklas ni Columbus sa Amerika, ni Vasco da Gama sa India, at ni Magellan sa Pilipinas. Ang pagiging maparaan ay mahalaga sa pagharap sa mga pagsubok.

Constantine No More

Itinatag ni Constantine the Great ang Constantinople bilang kabisera ng Byzantine Empire na nagpatuloy pagkatapos ng pagbagsak ng kanlurang Roma. Sa kabila ng lakas nito, humina ang imperyo dahil sa malaking alitan at pananalakay ng mga kaaway. Naging target ito ng mga Ottoman sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Sultan Mehmed II dahil sa yaman at lokasyon nito. Noong Mayo 29, 1453, bumagsak ang lungsod at namatay ang huling emperador, si Constantine XI Palaiologos, na nagmarka ng pagtatapos ng Byzantium at ang simula ng panahon ng pagtuklas at pag-usbong ng Ottoman Empire.

Piliin ang Iyong Ruta

Ang Constantinople ay tinawag na golden apple dahil ito ay isang mayamang sentro ng kalakalan at mahalaga sa silangan. Ang epekto ng pagbagsak ng Constantinople sa kalakalan ay ang paghinto ng dating ruta kaya humanap ang mga Europeo ng bagong ruta. Ang kontribusyon ng mga Greek scholar pagkatapos ng pagbagsak ng Constantinople ay nagdala sila ng kaalaman at mga manuskrito na nagpaalab sa renaissance. Ang pinakamahalagang aral na dapat matutunan mula sa pagbagsak ng Constantinople ay ang kahalagahan ng pagiging handa sa pagbabago at pagiging maparaan. Angkop na slogan para sa pagbagsak ng Constantinople ay "Bumagsak ang lungsod, isang bagong mundo ang bumangon."

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0:00 [Music] [Applause] Fall of Constantinople. [Music] Religion and various beliefs are an important part of human culture. This has affected the way we live, treat others, and understand the world. By studying these beliefs, we better understand how the identity of each society is shaped. Let's go back to the lesson of the past. Foundation of the future.

0:48 [Music] Fate book. Different beliefs. One world. Identify the religion or belief based on the description given. The implementation of the five pillars is evidence of serving the community and is considered the second largest religion in the world. Islam. It has a belief that focuses on the right way of living and ethical teaching. Confusionism. The integration of the spiritual and temporal nature of human life or life.

1:35 Sikhism. The soul or spirit will be reborn in another person. Shape and form. The main religion in India of the Aryans and it is also the oldest religion in the world. Hinduism. Life is guided by man or so it seems. Taoism. Belief in one God and obedience to the commandments revealed in the Torah. Judaism. Kami is the only link between man and the physical environment and it means the way or means of God.

2:23 Shintoism. Human salvation depends on following the teachings of Jesus Christ. Christianity. Centered on a life of non- violence towards humans, animals and plants. Chinism. Pain and sorrow are caused by human greed for material things. And this is the religion founded by Gautama Buddha, Buddhism. The religions and different beliefs of the world.

3:11 Christianity. Anglicanism, which began as a simple faith in Judea, expanded and under the leadership of Emperor Constantine the Great became the official religion of the Roman Empire. To strengthen control over the eastern part of the empire. Emperor Constantine founded Constantinople in 330 CE as the new capital. This is where the Byzantine Empire, the successor to the eastern Roman Empire, began.

3:57 The name Byzantine comes from Byzantium, the former name of Constantinople, now Istanbul, Turkey. Due to barbarian invasions, government weakness, and economic crisis , the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. Despite this, Constantinople remained strong . Under the rule of Justinian. The Byzantine Empire would reach the pinnacle of its success when it reconquered some of the former territories of the Western Empire.

4:43 The fall of the Western Empire in 476 CE ushered in the medieval period in which the Catholic Church dominated and influenced government, education, and culture. Because few people could read, monasteries became centers of learning. While Europe was ruled by monarchs and nobles under the feudal system. As the Middle Ages progressed, the Catholic Church remained powerful in western Europe while

5:29 the eastern empire centered in Constantinople continued to grow stronger. Due to differences in language, culture, and faith, tensions deepened between the pope in the west and the patriarch in the east. In the western church, the Pope is the head of all churches. Whereas in the church in the Byzantine Empire, the patriarch was the head of the church appointed by the emperor. In the West. Use of the icon is permitted. But this was forbidden in the church in the Byzantine Empire.

6:15 Latin is used in mass in the West. While the Greek language was used in the Byzantine Empire, divorce was prohibited in the West, while divorce was permitted or marriages were permitted by priests in the church in the Byzantine Empire. In 1054, the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East was completely severed. This separation, called the great schism, resulted in two different branches of Christianity. For centuries, the

7:02 Byzantine Empire grew stronger under the rule of emperors who promoted religion, art, and government. Emperor Justinian organized the governance of the empire by developing a code from ancient Roman laws with the help of teams of experts. It was called the Corpus Jurist Civilist or Code of Justinian, which became the foundation of law in many countries and is one of the most important Byzantine legacies in civilization. [Music] The Hagia Sophia was also built as a symbol of power and

7:48 faith. Constantinople was called the golden apple because of its wealth, location, and importance in trade and politics. To protect the city, they built thick walls and placed a large chain at the mouth of the sea to block enemies. Questions and answers. The Byzantine Challenge. Identify the following. He was the emperor who declared Christianity as the official

8:33 religion of the Roman Empire. Emperor Constantine. Former name of Constantinople before it was changed by Constantine. Byzantium. The name of the empire that continued in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. Byzantine Empire. Emperor who brought the Byzantine Empire to the peak of power. Justinian the first. A great church built as a symbol of the power and faith of the Byzantine Empire. Haya sopia

9:19 [Music] called the separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1054. Great schism. The period that followed the fall of the western Roman Empire in 476 CE. Middle Ages or medieval period. The head of the Catholic Church in Western Europe is called the pope. The head of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East is called the patriarch. The code of law that Justinian had compiled was the

10:05 Corpus Juries Civilis. In the 1st century, Constantinople gradually weakened due to internal unrest and external threats. Within the empire, the economic crisis worsened, corruption and frequent changes of leadership led to a weakening of the government. Meanwhile, outside, the growing Ottoman Empire sought to seize the city as a center of trade and power. In 1453, Sultan Meh, known as Memed the Conqueror, led

10:54 a massive siege of Constantinople that lasted nearly two months. He used innovative strategies, large cannons to demolish thick walls, tight blockades at sea and land, and an ingenious tactic where ships were towed on land to slip through the heavily guarded Golden Horn. Despite the brave resistance of the last emperor, Constantine 11 Palayo Logos, the city fell on May 29, 1453.

11:39 Implications of the fall of Constantinople. [Music] Byzantine Empire ended. The dominance of the Roman Empire in the east ended and the balance of power in Europe and Asia changed. The Eastern Orthodox Church lost its center and fear spread throughout Europe over the continued expansion of Muslim power. Rise of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire became powerful . They got that, the trade route and the prestige of the city.

12:26 The Haya Sofia was converted into a mosque, becoming a symbol of the victory of Islam in formerly Christian territory. [Music] Trade disrupted. The former trade route between Europe and Asia, especially for spices, was halted. So the Europeans were forced to find a new route. Beginning with the Age of Discovery and Colonization, the search for new trade routes led to the Age of Discovery. New lands were discovered. Colonization began and

13:13 global trade expanded. This was also the beginning of the expansion of European influence throughout the world. The bag of Greek scholars in the Renaissance. Many scholars from Constantinople migrated to western Europe with their manuscripts and knowledge. This was an important factor in the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy, which led to the rebirth of art, science, and philosophy. cultural exchange between Christians and Muslims. Despite the tension, there was an

13:59 exchange of art, ideas and technology between Muslims and Christians. This interaction enriched the civilizations of both sides and paved the way for a broader understanding of each other's cultures. [Music] When the road is closed, the opportunity is open. In 1453, when the Ottomans captured Constantinople and firmly controlled the Silk Road, Europeans were forced to find a

14:46 new route, which marked the beginning of the era of exploration and discovery of new lands. Did you know that if Constantinople had not fallen , Columbus' discovery of America, Vasco da Gama of India, and Magellan of the Philippines might have been delayed? What did the Europeans do when the old route was closed? What does this show about the importance of being resourceful? [Music] One day, the internet at home suddenly went down and I had to submit some

15:32 schoolwork. How can you resolve this situation to continue your studies? What are the alternative ways you can do it? [Music] Constantine no more. Blanks that change the world. Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Constantine the Great founded Constantinople as the capital of the Byzantine Empire which continued after the fall of western Rome. Despite its strength, the empire weakened due to

16:20 great discord and invasion by enemies. became a target of the Ottomans under the rule of Sultan Mebed II. Constantinople because of its wealth and location. On May 29, 1453, the city fell and the last emperor, Constantine Palay Logos, died, marking the end of Byzantium and the beginning of the era of discovery and rise of the Ottoman Empire. Choose your routes because

17:08 Constantinople is closed. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Why was Constantinople called the golden apple ? Because it was a rich trading center and important to the east. What was the effect of the fall of Constantinople on trade? The old route was stopped so the Europeans looked for a new route. What was the contribution of Greek scholars after the fall of Constantinople? They brought knowledge and manuscripts that fueled the renaissance.

17:56 What is the most important lesson to be learned from the fall of Constantinople? The importance of being prepared for change and being resourceful. If you were to create a slogan for the fall of Constantinople, which one would be most appropriate? The city fell, a new world arose. The walls of Constantinople fell. But the power of intelligence and courage will never be lost. [Music]

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