Complete TOEFL iBT Practice Test with Answers (2025)

0:00 all right this is the latest complete practice test for the TOEFL IBT from TST prep this has all the sections in the same order you'll see on test day reading listening speaking and writing if you want sample answers or answer explanations all of that will be uh linked to in the description to a PDF it's a lot of information so you need to have it in the PDF format but that's about it uh good L good luck test takers and enjoy I I guess it's probably not going to be very enjoyable it's a long test but just take your time good luck and yeah good

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36:13 listening section test of the TOEFL IBT this is just like you'll see on test day you'll have to listen to a passage and then the questions will appear after you listen you will be answers in the description don't look yet and there's also explanations with a link to a PDF where you can get those answer explanations also and you are in control of your time on test day so here each question you have a certain amount of time in this video but on test day you'll be in control of your time that's about it but before we start I want to shout out the tol emergency course and this is important because if you want to get your score as quickly and as easily as possible everything you need the most

36:58 important tips tricks strategies and practice is all set up in this course and it also has study plans so you don't have to wonder what to do every day you have study plans for 2 days one week 2 weeks and one month and I think this is perfect for anybody with less than a month to prepare check out the link in the description to an exclusive offer only for you the YouTube audience but that's it test taker good luck and I will see you at the end now listen to a conversation between a student and a professor good morning Professor Jacobs

37:44 how was your weekend hi Jane my weekend was great very relaxing how about yours I had a blast I went to an exhibition at a gallery in the city and one of the artists was there I got to meet him unfortunately I don't remember his name but he does drip art just like Jackson poock it was really cool and inspiring to meet someone who creates art for a living wow what an exciting weekend and it sounds like you really have found some inspiration for your drip art project how is that coming along well that's kind of what I wanted to talk to you about I think drip art is really unique and interesting but I'm having trouble with the assignment what seems to be the problem I started working on the project right after going to the exhibit but I feel like I'm stuck and I'm worried I won't be able to create a

38:29 piece that I'm comfortable handing in how so are you confused about the assignment I think I understand the assignment well but you know how you always tell us to express ourselves in our art that's why I feel frustrated with this project I feel like I'm forcing myself to create something and it just feels fake what would you do if you were in my shoes I completely understand your concerned but that's the whole point of my class I want you to get out of your comfort zone let go and try something new okay I'll give it another shot today and I'll see if I can push past the feeling of being stuck it's a good idea and if you're still feeling uneasy I'm having a workshop this Saturday and you can join it if you like you can see some examples of drip art and watch the actual process that

39:15 may be really helpful for you if you stay for a little while afterward we can discuss any further questions you may have that sounds great thank you so much I would love to attend the workshop I think that it's just what I need to help me finish this project you're welcome I'm glad you stopped by I'd rather you be confused and ask questions than say nothing and struggle with the project I'll see you on Saturday now answer the questions one why does the student want to talk to the professor

40:15 two what does the student mean when she says the assignment feels fake three listen again to part of the passage why does the professor say this I completely understand your concern but

41:00 that's the whole point of my class I want you to get out of your comfort zone let go and try something new four what suggestions does the professor make to the student select two

42:15 five why does the professor suggest the student attend his Workshop now listen to part of a talk in an econ class today we're going to be discussing

43:00 public goods so basically lots of individuals and businesses create new ideas and products every day and most expect to get some money from their Creations but what happens when you make something that has such a tremendous benefit to society that you can't expect to receive any money in return this kind of good is a public good can anyone think of examples of a public good well I'm not so sure but maybe some of the TV channels on basic cable I mean anyone with a TV and an antenna can get some channels to watch yes I didn't think of that before but you're right Sam basic cable channels are a public good another example might be a country's National Defense or military these exist purely

43:46 to benefit the people Professor is there any way to kind of Judge whether a product is a public or private good I mean like those TV channels they might be free but you still to buy a TV so I guess I'm just not sure how you can tell if something is a public good yes this idea can be a bit confusing I guess it's best to contrast it with a private good say a piece of pizza a piece of pizza can be bought and sold pretty easily and one of the reasons why is because it's so easy to separate I suppose one of the most defining characteristics of public goods is that they are almost impossible to separate TV Airways and the National Defense System are not things you can really break down into pieces it's the

44:32 same with public Wi-Fi many cities are now offering free Wi-Fi to Residents Wi-Fi only exists in the air you can't hold Wi-Fi and separate it into pieces okay Professor I think I get it now but in the book they mentioned the terms non-excludable and nonrivalrous when trying to explain public goods and I didn't really get it great I was just going to get to that so besides being hard to separate economists usually classify something as a public good if it is both nonexcludable and nonrivalrous now I know these terms are quite a mouthful but they are fairly simple ideas let's start with non-excludable non-excludable means that

45:17 it is either expensive or nearly impossible to exclude someone from using the good uh let's say an individual who we will call Larry buys a private good like a piece of pizza then he can exclude others from eating that pizza however if National Defense is being provided then it includes everyone if you strongly disagree with your country's defense policies the National Defense still protects you you cannot choose to be unprotected and National Defense cannot protect everyone else and exclude you the second main characteristic of a public good is that it is non-rivalrous which means that when one person uses the public good another can also use it with a private good like pizza if our subject Larry is

46:04 eating the pizza then another person cannot eat it that is the two people are rivals in consumption with a public good like National Defense Larry's consumption of National Defense does not reduce the amount for others so they are nonrivalrous in this area a number of government services are also examples of public goods for instance it would not be easy to provide Fire and Police Service for some people in a given neighborhood but not everyone protecting some necessarily means protecting others too paying for public goods is always a challenging dilemma for both Business Leaders and politicians the key Insight in paying for public goods is to find a way of assuring that everyone will make a contribution for example if people come

46:52 together through the political process and agree to pay taxes make group decisions about the quantity of public goods then they can all feel like they are being treated equally because everyone contributes now answer the questions one what is the lecture mainly about

47:42 two how is the lecture organized three based on the information from the listening indicate which characteristic on the left belongs to either non-excludable nonrival or neither this question is worth two points

49:00 four what is an example of a public good select two five what is the professor implying when she says this so besides being hard to separate economists usually classify

49:45 something as a public good if it is both non-excludable and nonrivalrous now I know these terms are quite a mouthful but they are fairly simple ideas six why does the professor talk about pizza during the lecture

51:06 now listen to part of a talk in a psychology class now that we're on the topic of memory it's a good time to talk about the case of Henry mullison okay so where to start well Henry mullison was better known as hm in the scientific community you see he is probably no definitely the most important patient in the history of Neuroscience before his death in 2008 mullison was a subject of over 1,200 research articles so what made hm so special well a little background about his life molison had epilepsy which is when you lose control of much of your

51:52 body and start having seizures well by the age of 27 hm seizures were getting much worse in an attempt to control his seizures hm underwent brain surgery to remove very important pieces of his brain his hippocampus and his amydala I'll put that on the board here so the doctor in charge of this procedure believed it would cure his epilepsy well he was right in that hm seizures almost completely stopped but there was an even more drastic and and devastating consequence of this procedure mullison lost his ability to create new memories this is referred to in medical terminology as severe anterograde

52:39 Amnesia and I'll put that on the board too you see Henry no longer had the ability to make conscious memories of specific facts like names dates and recent happenings so if you introduced yourself to Henry at any time after the surgery within 30 seconds of your introduction he would completely forget ever meeting you hm would wake up every day in the same state of mind he had before the surgery he could not make any new conscious memories in 1962 about 10 years after his surgery a young surgeon named Suzanne corkin met hm and realized that while a tragedy in most respects hm's condition provided her with a

53:27 unique opportunity to analyze the function of specific areas of the brain and how they relate to learning and memory even though he suffered from Amnesia much of Henry's brain function besides memory remained intact he was a friendly guy also since he had almost no short-term memory ability he would never get tired of the boring brain activities needed for the research studying hm's brain led to some fascinating discoveries in the field of Neuroscience up until the 20th century Neuroscience had very little understanding of how the brain worked hm's rewired brain quickly proved that memory was not spread throughout the brain Henry's acute and terrr Amnesia had little effect on his

54:14 self- knowledge or intelligence prior to the age of 25 Henry's case and others like it soon revealed that declarative long-term memories are stored in the area of the brain known as the hippocampus through hm researchers discovered that the brain possesses multiple systems for storing and retrieving memories that are dispersed in different but specific locations in the brain hm could not form any new conscious memories after his surgery but he could improve on his ability to perform tasks it soon became clear that the brain had another type of memory system called muscle memory which did not rely on conscious memories in one of

55:01 her experiments corkin would have hm sketch a figure through the reflection of a mirror this is a challenging task that takes time to practice and master molison had developed a new skill subconsciously through repetition sometimes referred to as motor learning hm confirmed that new skills can be learned through repetition over time disass Associated from conscious memories this doesn't mean that skills like playing the piano or drawing a face relies solely on muscle memory however it plays a much bigger role in our retention of skills than previously suspected while there were some benefits for research Henry's unique Amnesia made it almost impossible for him to remember any new events after

55:48 the surgery for example the death of his parents occurred later in his life and he couldn't remember it whenever he was reminded of his parents demise the pain returned as if he were hearing it again for the first time now answer the questions one what is the lecture mainly about

56:42 two how does the professor organize the lecture three what does the professor imply about Henry mollison's situation

57:52 four after her surgery why would Henry Mollison forget about meeting someone 30 seconds later five how is Henry Mollison able to develop new skills

59:05 six why does the professor say this in an attempt to control his seizures hm underwent brain surgery to remove very important pieces of his brain his hippocampus and his amydala I'll put that on the board here e

59:57 now listen to a conversation between a student and an IT worker hi I have a big problem that I need your help with what's going on well I was just at the library to print some stuff off for class and when I went to open my laptop and get started the screen went blank and all these funny symbols started showing up then my computer just turned off I don't know what to do my computer won't turn back on I'm scared that something bad happened like a virus or it crashed oh dear that sounds like a potential virus to me let me take a look at your computer so I can try and scan and find the problem did you back up your work you know what it's really weird but I actually just backed up everything this morning onto my external hard drive which I haven't done in a really long time it's like I

1:00:42 just had a feeling something was going to happen and now I can't believe that something actually is wrong that's really lucky that you backed everything up because in this situation who knows if you'll be able to get everything back it will take time for me to scan it and see what's the problem hopefully I won't have to but I may need to clean the hard drive in which case you would lose any information on your computer if you prefer you can take it to the company where you bought your computer and have them take a look but that could cost you at least $500 that's crazy I trust you though and I think whatever you decide is best that's what I'll do I don't want to spend $500 if they're just going to tell me the same thing you would okay I'll go ahead and keep your computer here and I'll send you an email when the scan is

1:01:28 done and I'll find out what's going on and what can be done to fix it do you know how long that's going to take I still need to print some files for class well I can't say for sure but I think you should take your external hard drive to the library and print your files off at the library computers in the meantime besides if I have to swipe your hard drive there won't be anything on your laptop to print that's true well at least that Fire's put out now I just have to worry about my computer getting back to normal now answer the questions one what problem is the student having

1:02:33 two what does the it worker imply when she tells the student he is lucky that he backed up his files three listen again to part of the passage what does the student mean when he says this that's true well at least

1:03:19 that fire is put out now I just have to worry about my computer getting back to normal four listen again to part of the passage what does the it worker imply when she says this if you prefer you can take it to the company where you bought your

1:04:04 computer and have them take a look but that could cost you at least $500 five when will the it worker be done fixing the student's computer

1:05:19 now listen to part of a talk in a Sociology class today we're are going to discuss marriage and more importantly we want to study how the idea of marriage interacts with a society as a whole in other words we want to know how observing marriages in different cultures can help us learn a bit more about the larger community so when we sociologists want to study families we must first have a perspective um a kind of lens to look through you might remember from the reading the idea of functionalism in sociology functionalism is when you look at a society and individuals within a society as filling a role or a function they have to serve some purpose let's

1:06:06 use this lens the perspective of functionalism to examine marriage when considering the role of families in societies functionalists believe that they play a key role in stabilizing the culture the family performs certain tasks that help a society grow and develop after a series of tests sociologist George Murdoch has determined that there are three Universal functions of the family sexual reproductive and educational according to Murdoch the family which for him includes the state of marriage regulates sexual relations between individuals he does not deny the existence of sex outside of marriage but states that the family offers a socially approved sexual

1:06:52 outlet for adults this Outlet gives way to production which is a necessary part of ensuring the survival of society once children are produced the family plays a vital role in training them for adult life the family teaches young children the ways of thinking and behaving that follow social and cultural values and beliefs basically parents teach their children how to be good citizens in a given culture but that's just the functional perspective there are other lenses to look through conflict theory looks a society as a constant state of fighting since two individuals families governments and so on are competing for a limited number of resources conflict theorists are quick to point out that

1:07:38 American families have a more individualistic style of thinking many Americans are resistant to government intervention in the family parents do not want the government to tell them how to raise their children or to become involved in domestic issues conflict theory highlights the role of power in life and that individuals within families are constantly struggling for control let's look at the division of labor within the family home as an example most family members don't get paid for washing dishes and vacuuming carpets however studies indicate that when men do more housework women experience more satisfaction in their marriages reducing the incidence of conflict and increasing the Woman's power in general conflict theorists tend

1:08:23 to study areas of marriage and life that involve inequalities in power and authority as they are reflective of the larger social structure now there is one more popular lens that many sociologists look through and that's symbolic interactionism interactionists view the world in terms of symbols and the meanings assigned to them the Family itself is a symbol to some it is a father mother and children to others it's any Union that involves respect and compassion interactionist stress that family is a social phenomenon that changes meaning based on the time place and culture consider what it means to be a father or a mother at one time it was a symbol of biological connection to a

1:09:09 child however many children now are no longer raised by their biological parents but still call them mother and father interactionists also realize how the roles within families are socially constructed interactionists view the family as a group of of role players or actors that come together to act out their parts in an effort to construct a family these roles are up for interpretation now just to recap if we view the family through a functional lens then we see actions based on how it contributes to a society as a whole if we look through a conflict theory lens then we see family interactions as a power struggle between individuals and if we look through the symbolic interactionist lens then we view the

1:09:54 actions of families as filling a role they are expected to play and that role can change over time which one do you think is the most useful perspective to have on Contemporary American marriages now answer the questions one what is the lecture mainly about

1:10:45 two why does the professor discuss sociologist George Murdoch three how is the lecture organized

1:11:55 four the professor discusses several perspectives on marriage and family unit indicate which information matches each type of perspective this question is worth two points five according to sociologist George

1:12:42 Murdoch what are the three Universal functions of the family six why does the professor say this which one do you think is the most useful perspective to have on contemporary temporary American marriages

1:13:57 all right you're about to take a complete TOEFL IBT speaking test so get your voice recorder out and get ready to record your voice everybody's favorite thing to do I know you love the sound of your own voice uh probably not but let's do this together uh and just like on test day we will give you uh four questions and you will have to speak for 45 or 60 seconds make sure you read the directions carefully also I will put sample aners at the end so you can listen to them and there's also a PDF download that you can see the transcripts and other information about this test so I'll put that in the description as well also if you want to get your score as quickly and as easily as possible check out the TOEFL emergency course only for you the

1:14:44 YouTube audience get this exclusive offer where you have study plans in this emergency course 2 Days 1 week 2 weeks and 1 month and also this is all of the best tips tips tricks strategies and practice all in one powerful package so you can check that out again there's a link in the description to that but I think that's about it all right good luck test takers and I will see you at the end directions you will now be asked a question about a familiar topic after you hear the question you you will have 15 seconds to plan your response and 45 seconds to speak do you agree or

1:15:31 disagree with the following statement teenagers should work while they go to school so they can learn how to be more responsible provide details and examples to explain your opinion you have 15 seconds to prepare your response you may begin preparing now you now have 45 seconds to speak you may begin speaking

1:16:23 now e directions you will now read a short passage and then listen to a conversation on the same topic you will then be asked a question about the

1:17:09 passages after you hear the question you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak you have 45 seconds to read the passage below you may begin reading now

1:18:11 now listen to a conversation about the same topic hey Lisa did you read Johnny's letter in the school paper yeah I'm just finishing it now actually I can't believe you finally complained about it yeah and I think it's great almost everyone I talk to agrees that the cafeteria should be more flexible when it comes to meal plans I mean I'm not crazy about the cafeteria food but I like to go there to meet up with friends and hang out I'd buy a 50 meal plan for example but I would never get the yearly meal plan yeah I guess you have a point but won't this make meals more expensive I'm on the school's meal plan right now and the one thing I love about it is the price it's so cheap I don't see why a new meal plan structure would affect the price of the current system it's

1:18:57 basically just adding more options even though I might have to pay more per meal for my plan it fits my schedule better this type of structure is going to make everyone happy both the students who don't plan on eating at the cafeteria every day and the school which can make a bit more money from the variety of options and even students like you who already are on the meal plan won't be affected by this change I guess you're right maybe Johnny will get what he wants after all now now answer the question the man expresses his opinion on cafeteria meal plans State his opinion and explain the reason he gives for holding that opinion you have 30 seconds to prepare your response you may begin preparing now

1:20:12 you now have 60 seconds to speak you may begin speaking now e

1:21:23 directions you will Now read a short passage and then listen to a lecture on the same topic you will then be asked a question about the passage after you hear the question you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak you have 45 seconds to read the passage below you may begin reading now e

1:22:31 now listen to a lecture about this topic in a behavioral psychology class okay so you may have never heard of the terms instrumental and expressive before when it comes to leadership but I bet you could think of a couple people who fit these descriptions now I used to have a part-time job working as a waitress at a restaurant I had a boss named Bill who was a typical instrumental leader Not only was he good at managing his business but he also had extensive experience as a waiter he had high standards in the way we treated customers and he expected all of us to do the same the waiters were almost completely forbidden to speak with one another while at work even when we didn't have any customers he felt that if we focused on our tasks and the

1:23:16 customers not on each other we wouldn't get distracted or become lazy he did have a successful restaurant but there were certainly other approaches he could have taken that weren't so strict you know my boss right now is Professor Green the head of the department she really knows how to treat the University staff with respect while there are rules we have to follow and deadlines we must meet she hardly ever pressures us she treats us like adults and we the teaching staff all do our jobs to the best of our abilities because we don't want to disappoint or upset her she holds weekly staff meetings so we can communicate about problems in class and even holds parties at her home once a month we all feel like a part of an open and honest team and that would not be

1:24:02 possible without her expressive type of leadership now answer the question using the examples from the lecture describe two types of leadership you have 30 seconds to prepare your response you may begin preparing now

1:24:49 you now have 60 seconds to speak you may begin speaking now e

1:26:01 directions you will now listen to part of a lecture you will then be asked a question about it after you hear the question you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class we spend approximately onethird of Our Lives sleeping given that the average life expectancy for most of us Falls between 73 and 79 years old we can expect to spend approximately 25 years of Our Lives sleeping surprisingly the reason why we humans sleep is still mostly a mystery but there are a few theories that attempt to explain the function of sleep one popular hypothesis argues that

1:26:46 sleep is essential in order for us humans to restore the resources we use throughout the day the same way that bears hibernate in the winter when resources are scarce perhaps people sleep at night to reduce the amount of energy they use it has recently become fashionable to argue that people need to sleep at least 8 hours in a night in order to function at their optimal physical and mental capacity I'm sure all of you have felt pretty sluggish after a late night with just a few hours of sleep so this Theory makes sense intuitively however there are others who are not convinced by this simplistic explanation of why we sleep and have proposed other explanations another popular theory proposes that sleep is an Adaptive response to

1:27:32 predatory risk in other words our great ancestors were more likely to be hunted and killed at Night by other animals so a desire to sleep in a safe comfortable area was an evolutionary mechanism that helped Shield us from harm as I'm sure you are all aware there are more risks at nighttime since visibility is so low we haven't adap Ed our senses in the same way other creatures have to survive throughout the night accordingly it makes sense to believe that sleep is a biological response to our environmental conditions but just like the theory involving energy conservation there are some who disagree now answer the question using points and examples from the talk

1:28:17 describe the two theories that explain why humans sleep you have 20 seconds to prepare your response you may begin preparing now you now have 60 seconds to speak you can begin speaking

1:29:23 now e as a matter of fact I do agree that teenagers should work in order to learn more about personal responsibility for

1:30:08 example when I was in high school I worked as a custodian at another school in our district in the summer I worked from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. 5 days a week with a bunch of blue collar middle-aged men who had worked hard their entire lives not only did I have to lift heavy objects and work with complicated Machinery but I also spent time with rugged men who encourage me to focus on my studies and get a college degree that's why I think working as a student is a great way to learn about the value of both hard work and a good education according to the letter the school's meal plan is too strict and should be more flexible

1:30:55 the man in the conversation completely agrees with this proposal even though he's not a big fan of the cafeteria food he likes to go there to hang out sometimes he's not on the school meal plan right now but if they had a flexible 50 meal plan for example he would take advantage of it on top of that he believes adding this option will satisfy everyone students can still go to the cafeteria once in a a while for the occasional meal and the school can earn a bit more Revenue with the increase in school lunch purchases the prices wouldn't change only the number of options this basically sums up why the man likes the idea of changing the

1:31:41 school's meal plan this is a fascinating topic according to the author there are two main types of leaders instrumental and expressive the lecture provides two excellent and personal examples of each type to further illustrate this idea first she talks about her old boss Bill who is a typical instrumental leader bill was very professional and kept the staff focused on their work and customers of course some employees didn't like Bill because they thought he was too strict though in contrast the lecture now works under Professor Green and she's an expressive type of leader

1:32:26 she's respectful of the staff and holds weekly meetings for them to communicate about their problems the professor seems to prefer expressive leadership because everyone feels more like a part of the team so there you have it those are the two types of leadership discussed in the passages so the professor is talking about sleep and more specific specifically he's describing two main theories about why we sleep one idea is that we need sleep in order to restore the resources we use throughout the day similar to a hibernating bear people need sleep to restore their energy the common thought is that 8

1:33:12 hours is needed for people to function at their best but there is another theory that says people sleep because of evolution our eyes were never adapted to being active at night so the idea is that long ago finding a safe place for shelter at nighttime was a way to avoid predators and stay alive after continuing this practice over time sleeping became something of a biological response to our environment these are the two theories the professor uses to explain why humans sleep

1:33:58 writing task One Directions for this task you will read a passage and listen to a lecture about an academic topic you may take notes during this time after the passages have finished you will then be asked a question about them after the question you have 20 minutes to write your response effective responses are usually between 200 to 350 words you may look at the reading passage Mage and your notes as you write keep in mind that the question will not ask for your opinion you have 3 minutes to read you may begin reading

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1:36:52 e e now listen to part of a lecture on the

1:37:38 same topic you just read about look there's no doubt about it the population of the Earth has increased dramatically in the last century while the rate of growth May alarm some futurists who believe we will be living in some terrible dystopian future of scarcity I disagree with researchers who have such a negative outlook on the future here's why we are now more aware than ever of the diversity of species in various biospheres we have biologists and researchers who go to Great Lengths to catalog all known species and measure the likelihood that they may go extinct preserving biodiversity is a serious

1:38:24 matter educational institutions and nonprofit organizations work very hard to ensure that no threatened species ever goes extinct so while we still need more drinking water in the future there's no reason to believe it will lead to the extinction of species the author sees the future as a place of scarcity whereas I see it as a place of abundance new technology has already been developed that can easily filter even the dirty water to make it drinkable there are even machines that produce food that can provide people in need with the caloric intake they need to survive so my point is that any future Wars will not be due to a lack of basic necessities as the reading claims as we

1:39:11 can see today all kinds of products are only getting cheaper just look at the price you paid for your home computer or cell phone such items cost less than ever before even though they use pretty advanced techn ology moreover once devices that produce clean drinking water and food become readily available to more people around the globe individuals in Poon Nation will not have to worry about the price of the basic items they need to live now answer the question summarize the points made in the lecture being sure to explain how they answer the specific problems presented in the reading passage you have 20 minutes to write

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2:09:20 e e all right congratulations you made it to the end don't forget to check out tstd prep.com if you want some more help and need a bit more practice we have free

2:10:06 practice questions uh and free a lot of free stuff so just check that out uh TSD prep but that's it good job and I'll see you next time