s- ব্লক মৌলসমূহ | Group 1 | Group 2 | Class 11 | Semester 1 |Chapter 6 | In Bengali |L1

0:12 Hello my dear students, welcome to Study Chemistry with Rakhi Dutta Good Evening everyone, how are you? Everyone, join now. Go to check if the audio and video are all clear. Tell me because today we are going to start. Class XI Semester One S Block Elements and S block as far as we know It's in the syllabus. Among them, hydrogen There are two topics. So take them all. Today we will do one short live revision. So Everyone, join quickly. Audio Video All Can you see if it's clear? Does everything sound okay? Tell me. Arkajyati, Sujoy, Soumi, Hasina, Prince All right. Very good. Where did the people go? On the deck Give it. Call them.

0:58 Here they come, everyone is coming. Rinku, good evening, Suniti. Prosenjit sir won't say yes ma'am, that's right There is The ocean is fine, it's sleepy. Roman Okay, let's go, let's start. Okay. The first thing we will take a look at is the day we We did a one-shot that day, and we covered the syllabus a little. I visit. Okay? Syllabus is always a philosophy Must do. I don't bring chips, that's different. Talk. But you always have to follow the syllabus. You have to read it. Because the syllabus is modified There is a lot to do after that. Many things Gone. For example, hydrogen says that The chapter that was there is no longer there. But now in this S block, in the S block

1:44 We are Group One Alkali Metal, Group Let's look at these two alkaline earth metals. Right. But look, this hydrogen here. This is hydrogen peroxide right here. And these are hydrides. These two portions But we will see. Hydrogen peroxide There are some important places about. And there are hydrides. That is, In the reaction with hydrogen, we Let's look at hydride. Okay, now look. What do we have in the Now S block? Group Electronic configuration in One Group Two Of course, if you want to study in any group, Definitely a must see. And the periodic table If someone is not ready, If the periodic table is complete, then this You will see. If there is anyone today who is periodic I've never read a table before, so I'll tell him. Listen to what I have to say. It will clear. Okay? But still

2:31 After completing the periodic table for you You will revise it again. Okay? Some questions like that from occurrence occurrence It's true, it didn't come. Then there is the trance. This The train station is a must-see. Various Properties Ionization Enthalpy Atomic, ionic or wherever that is important Basically what is where there is no exception Questions from where trends are visible But it comes. MCQ means your There's nothing to worry about. But the trends Just remember where and what concepts are being developed. Must keep. And where it seems like a concept It's coming to a contradiction. It means this. In this case, this happened, in that case, that happened. Not happening. Of course there is logic there too. But there is no place to remember that. Tricks or something that I need where I need it I will tell you. And then there's the chemical. With oxygen in reactivity Reaction, reaction with water, Reaction with hydrogen and

3:17 Reaction with halogens. Means group In the case of one group two elements, this I will see the places and see them. I will check it out if I have another property to look at. We give hydride hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen as a fuel that you make yourself You can read a little about it separately. I have nothing to say biologically. It's different to tell the truth about importance. I have nothing to say because this place I will tell you two things by marking them in the book. I will do some reading and MCQs. I will give it as homework for practice. Okay, and I will do a lot of MCQs in class too. So this was our target for today, I said. I'm starting to want to see flowers, just chat. Full joss high energy I want to see this Okay, yes, I'm fine. I'm fine. Okay. First, we will go to Group One. Alkali Metals Group One Elements

4:03 Group One Elements Alkali Metals Where we see who we see Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium is okay Lina K Rubis Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium And in their case, since they are Group One Elements are general in their case. What do we know about the electronic configuration of NS? One, these things are already ours. Things to know because we are periodic When I read the classification, these But I read the details, it's OK, NS One. Because their outer most cell is N or N. The principal quantum number is In different orbits outside the nucleus If the electron is rotating, it is omnipresent. The cell is what we call N cell. We call the previous cell N minus one.

4:50 Th cell. We call the cell before that N minus two th cell and so on like this There is. So this last one is the outer most cell. That is N and this is an S block element. We are looking at the S Block S Block. Because of This is the last electron, where is the electron? Going? Outermost electron chamber What numbers are we looking at here? That's it. The cell being talked about is NS. I see. Is there a side room there? Religion Which subshell does the electron finally enter? That is, entering the S subshell or Can you tell me which subspace S is in? The orbit is there, it means S. They are going to orbital, that's why they are being What does the S block element S PDF do? The blocks were classified and there How to write electronic configuration Or how to write general configuration

5:37 All of this is in the periodic table. We read in detail, I read live. I read it, I have a playlist, of course. Those places will be revised. If you read the periodic table chapter carefully Class XI to 12th group The groups that are in block chemistry Many questions are especially trend related. The question is, are these places many? It's about to be cleared. Okay? Okay. What are we seeing now? Now we see them. There is one electron in the outermost shell. So how many electrons are in their outermost shell? Is there? There is one. So in their case How much will the eligibility be? Or what oxidation state are they in? Will it show? What will be their valence? These are What oxidation state will it exhibit? Look. I say what I have to say wherever I am. Dev. Okay? Very important. We will look at each point here.

6:23 From where you must ask questions. You can. So listen carefully to the class. Since There is one electron in the outermost cell. So showing the plus one oxidation state There is. Okay? Group One Elements Their oxidation state is fixed. That What? That is plus one. In all compounds this Group One Alkali Metals Metals plus one oxidation state display It does. And when you add lithium See how many levels lithium is in? You know? If you look at the first group In the case, hydrogen is sitting on top. Then there is the first period. Then Lithium is in the second period. And so The on periods are in seven consecutive stages. There is and we are one or two here or two or three I'm watching cesium for four, five, six.

7:09 Francium is below cesium by Especially with the elements of the seventh period. We don't care much about them. We have so much to study about. No need, now it's a matter of seconds. is in the period, i.e., what is N in this case? In this case, N will become AO and If you look at lithium, In this case, the atomic number is three. That means if the total electronic configuration is So it is also true that it means that The nearest noble gas element is helium. You can write all of these like this with The method of writing the electron configuration is from there. I haven't written anything new yet. So I can just write it as TOSO. To represent NSO, you To explain, if you say "ma'am complete" If you need to write a configuration, I will do the complete one. As big or as small as the group will come down to

7:55 The atomic number will increase, meaning protons Along with the number, the number of electrons is also the same. Will be. Because we are looking at neutral atoms. So In that case, we don't have such a big configuration. We write the nearest inert gas element Thus, we write it in square brackets first. Only the configuration of the outermost cell I am writing here. This is SW. Then what is here? Done? Neon. For example, neon has 10 electrons. And here it will be three SOs. Reason Sodium has a total of 11 electrons. Similarly, helium, neon, argon, this is Krypton, it will be Xenon. Hey, ma'am, what is it? He wrote, "Look, this is coming, this is coming, this is coming." Etaf AO It is Sox SO and at the end of all We are speaking from the perspective of the NSO we are watching. That their outermost orbital is a common electron

8:43 The format is NSO OK Clear Has been This time we will leave, this time we will leave. The various properties that exist We'll take a look at the properties one by one. I will take it. Okay, here's what I'll explain first. That is the meaning of the word since we are I'm starting to block, maybe many people will see things. It's a little rusty. So for me Let's go into a little introduction and then I'm talking. But after the S block, when this group When I go to Group Two after Group One But I won't go into that much detail. A little bit Let me just say that as it comes down from above We are seeing new rooms being added. Look, outside the nucleus, we first I see the outermost in the case of lithium. Cell N N is two then look three SO It's been a while since I've seen sodium and potassium.

9:29 This too has become then rubidium cesium That is, the value of this N is the value of N. We see the main quantum increasing. Doesn't the number mean how many orbits are there? Outermost means which cell is there? There are electrons that are ns one nta It means that N is increasing. That is, as long as we go from top to bottom along the group As we go, we will see a new room. What is being added and what is happening as a result? As a result, the outermost cell from the nucleus The distance is increasing and The outermost cell from the nucleus What do we call distance between atoms? In this case, we call that the atomic radius. Say. Now and then when you hold that atom

10:14 By accepting or rejecting electrons When the cation is creating the anion, we have In the case of ions, we look at the radius. So It's the same here. Here we will see that they are Whenever NS loses an electron, Will give. So if you just abandon them easily, they Electrons of the nearest noble gas element The format will be profitable. All elements That's what I want to be closest to. Electrons like inert gas elements I can get the layout. Everyone wants an octet. To complete. Everyone wants stability gain. To do. So that's what they want too. So their What are we seeing in the case? As many rooms as one The room is odd, it's general trade. Group A new room is always being added. In this case, the size of the atom increases. An increase in atomic radius means

11:01 The size of the atom increases. And the ion If you look at the atomic radius, Increases. What is this? It means growth. That is, the size of the atom increases. And If you were to talk about ions, what would the ions be like? Aion means look here then. Take lithium. Lithium to lithium The plus will be ready. From sodium we Let's see, Sodium Plus is ready. Then Let's see potassium from potassium. The plus is ready. I mean, one by one. An electron in the electron shell and It is boycotting. Is that so? In the most crowded room Electrons are being rejected like this, dot dot dot. and As a result, these ions are being formed. We also have the radius of the ions Let's see that down the group the ionic radius What is happening is increasing, it is normal.

11:46 We are following what is happening here in the trend. The general trend that I saw was left to right. If you go along the right level, you will be in the same room. The electrons become odd, so the nucleus becomes more It handles well, so left to right. Atomic radius along the period That is, the size of the atom decreases and from top to bottom If you go down the group, then the atom The size or atomic radius increases. The same thing is happening here. Same thing. Although important concept or important We saw this as a point. However I keep telling you to keep this simple thing in mind. Those that are being followed by ordinary friends Usually not given in exam questions. Then What should I not read? You should definitely read it. Reason Another question, when you're going to ask it.

12:32 You are asking about the character of the symbiote. We I will come everywhere. Then you are down. Who are the cationic groups in this group? What is changing in size or anionic size? But from that general tendency you The conclusion must be that there is a cation Will the polarizing power decrease or increase? Small Polarizing in the case of size cations Power is more, less in case of large etc. etc. are so important The concept means that questions should not come from there. Come on, you need to know that, okay, Mitya. Gone Okay, you'll definitely see him. Yes, it's okay, look, there's no problem. Okay, very good, very good, yes, mine. You can write along and if you feel like it later. You can write, but only with me. Prepare to read, everyone.

13:20 Every place has its own strategy. I mean the part of chemistry that Organic Inorganic Physical We are this Inorganic block chemistry is a There are different strategies for reading, but it's the same. You can't read the way you do. Did you read organic or whatever you like? A numerical one of the physical ones You read the chapter exactly here. I'm telling a story and you're listening to it and understanding it. Try. Because inorganic means you. Go here and memorize it quickly. That's not it. If you understand the story a little, You'll see there's no pressure to memorize at all. Anything else There are places that you don't know directly. You can answer. I find them very informative. Which you can get even if you read books. Or me It would have been possible if you had told me. But if you tell me, then you It won't be on your mind. I note them down. I brought it to save time. Okay? I will tell you everything, just be patient and sit by my side.

14:06 Keep a water bottle, drink water, and see if it's okay. Sit straight with a notebook and pen. Okay, so we saw this place now. What will we do now that I am so Talking about trends, all trends are different. I won't write it separately, just read it. See the strategies Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium We Group One S block looks like alkali metal What are they called? These are called alkalis. Metals. These are alkali metals. In their case, the more you down the group Come, come down, the group will come, what are we? Let's see, listen. We will see nuclear Radius or size of the atom. I will be right away.

14:52 I showed you. Atomic size Okay, ionic radius. Nuclear The radius is increasing. The ionic radius is also increasing. Ionic character Ionic character also increases Does. Okay? Ionic character anywhere Questions may come from. Can't come at all. That's not it. Metal character is all this and more. Another point is flexibility. It is very soft. The elements in this group are very It becomes soft. Okay? Can be cut with a knife. So all these things that I am doing now What happened to all this I wrote at the moment? Increases. This is what is needed. What I said That's what's needed. Every thing is different.

15:37 You understood differently, you knew. But There are some things that go together. If you read about it, it will be very important for you to remember. It will be convenient. Do you understand? Well and what will we write with him? Her We will also write that look here if I Let's talk about what happens to ionization energy. This time Tell me about ionization in the comments. Is the energy changing? If the size is top If the size comes from top to bottom What will we see if it increases? That one When new rooms are added to the concept Come on. One new room is being added. What does that mean? Its distance from the nucleus It is increasing. Distance from nucleus

16:23 If it increases, the nucleus will no longer accept that electron. Can't hold much attention. Attraction It is decreasing. Then break up. Okay? Her What does it mean? To remove that electron, you I feel low energy. R ionization energy Or mirror ion energy or ionization Enthalpy whatever you say. That means The weakly bound in the omnipresent cell The electron is there to remove it. The minimum energy required. So energy The lower the ionization energy required, the lower the Will go. So we know that the middle word is If the size increases, then ionization But the enthalpy continues to decrease. Right. Is there? Ionization as size increases Enthalpy decreases. It is electronegative.

17:09 General trend. Nothing special here. I didn't say exceptions. Ion Ion Energy Ion Ion Power. So is electronegativity. From top to bottom The electricity will come and the positivity will increase. Electropositive character increases. Okay? So electronegative The character will decrease. Then electricity Negativity. Electronegativity. What are we talking about next? The melting point and Boiling point. Melting point, boiling point. These What's going on? These are reductions. Which These can be remembered at once in this way. Remember this. Where somehow There are exceptions, I am different. I will tell you. Understood? Will everyone remember?

17:57 Cleared? Decreasing? Okay. Very good. Very good. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Now look here what you need to know here We will see a density sequence which is but I didn't write it here, I didn't write it here, I mean, in my head. You have to keep the density but keep the snake straight. It doesn't matter from the density but the question arises Wherever I am, I am a little exceptional. I said, "What is the question here?" It's happening, look, I'm writing lithium sodium. Potassium rubidium cesium concentration means What does density mean? Density is equal to

18:43 Look at the moon from top to bottom. If it increases, then the density will increase, this is normal. There should be a trend but here whenever You are sodium after lithium. When you came here from potassium What happened to the potash? Okay. When it comes to potassium, potash is what happens. More than the atomic volume of potassium It means that there has been an increase, month by month. Increasing but if the volume is too high It grows. Density with volume The relationship is inverse. If this increases too much If so, this will have to decrease. So Potassium is used to convert sodium to potassium. The density decreased. Why did it decrease? Look at the reason. The nuclear volume increased. Happening

19:31 In everyone's case. But sodium Slightly higher in potassium than Density due to increase in atomic volume It is decreasing. This is the explanation. This is the explanation. If you don't keep the explanation in mind, It will be difficult to keep. Where did it happen? I think I keep repeating this term to keep it. Something different comes from potassium. Done. What happened? What is general? Should? Density is supposed to increase as the month progresses. But when the volume gets a little too high, The density decreased. So what do we order? Shall I write, madam? We have been ordering for so long. I was rubbing Lina's. This time I will not like it. Does. I will make it a link now. Okay? Lee, who is Ruby Sis? This potassium is a little bit. The potash issue has been resolved. There is this place to keep in mind and very

20:18 This is a very important point that I made. This is an MSC with four options for you. You can get it in the form, so questions like this come up. Okay, I understand that classes start at seven. It's okay, I'll tell you everything slowly. Let me tell you, I know where, how many, which, what. I have to say, I know everything, for now I'm just going with this. I wrote this little thing, and then you understood it. Let me go ahead, there are many more examples. You'll understand everything as soon as he comes, okay? We will make hydride by going to hydride. Let's see what kind of ionized character it is. Changes are happening, okay, cleared. You don't see that you are something. Don't look when you go from top to bottom. I will tell you simple things first with a clear example.

21:04 Top to bottom, whenever you go to any compound What will they create when they create? These are they. Will not make. These are made of brother cations. Will do. Okay? They will form cations. Group elements will form cations. So top What size would a two bottom cat be? Will increase. When the size of the cation is small, it Can show good polarization ability. And the cation that has good polarizing power shows, shows polarizing power, anions It polarizes and polarizes. What then? Is it? It has more covalent character. The rule said chemical bonding. Okay? So When Down the Group we see Caton The size is increasing. So its covalent As the character decreases, the opposite will increase. Brother. Ionic character will increase. Right? Do you understand? Is it clear?

21:51 So, something happens to potassium by adding potash. After leaving, Lina became Likena. Gone. Okay? Let's go from blue to like. It's done. When pressure is useless. We Now in a very important place. I'm about to step in. That's hydration. Enthalpy. Very Very Important Hydration Enthalpy. Which maybe I should have known about the periodic table or I talked a little about chemical bonding and now Again, this is where the question comes from. Very very Important. Hey, why don't you ask? What test are you talking about? The one who You will get many MSCs. PY Q If you want to do this topic, hydrogen enthalpy On. Very simple. That same type You can get the question in a semester.

22:36 Okay? Come on, I didn't see it. Look what we're seeing now? What are we doing now? See? Look, some things are definitely happening. Everything is logical. But some things we I see that going to logic and then looking at the data Happening. For example, when I went to Group Two, Melting point boiling point then I have no order I will not write. Because there is a melting point. Not in terms of boiling point, I mean the one Melting point. Because the order is not there. What does it mean if hapajart is increasing or decreasing? There is a continuous decreasing trend. No. So there but we have that. No need to worry. That's where the question comes from. No. But where there is a series The trend is with logic we call them Reading and of course data along with it I have to see. Okay? When something

23:22 It's beyond logic to check his data. and accordingly, it must have a What do you mean? Something informative. There must be an explanation. Okay? Okay, now let's look at hydration. Enthalpy is when you see yourself. Does it say lithium plus sodium plus? Potassium plus rubidium plus Cesium Plus. This is Group One. If we consider the ionic radius of the elements Let me check, I can write you something like this. Or you will be placed in a gas chamber or bracket. Gas can be written like this, whatever it is. Write something down, keep it simple. You are just being mean. What does the radius say? Top to bottom ionic

24:07 The radius is increasing, yes or no. What is a small size cation? This is the smallest size. Catalyze. So all the small size cations The more water molecules surround it, the You can keep it. Yes or as small as possible The more cations there are, the more lithium it will hold. Plus a small size cation. If I say It is larger in size than Sodium Plus. If I say this is a plus size, Big. So, as small as the size of the cation will be, The more water molecules it can hold, the The higher its hydration level and After hydration, hydration means water. After being accommodated with molecules,

24:55 The radius of the hydrated state Or its radius, which we call I call it hydrated redia. Okay? The radius obtained after hydration That which is going is called hydrated ready. And whose hydration is the result of hydration that The energy released is the heat that is emitted. That is called hydration energy or Hydration enthalpy. The matter is clear. Nothing. Water molecules surround him. After taking it, he was hydrated and The energy released as a result of hydration That's called hydration energy. This time You can be asked questions in different ways. The first is their hydrated readiness. Can place an order. Who can tell you? High hydration levels? Degree of Hydration can tell you what it says.

25:42 Who has more hydration energy? Can you give me different ways to do it? You have to keep this in mind. The point is that the smaller the cation size, the In the case of cations, here I am writing In the case of cations, the smaller the size, the The smaller the cation, the more Hydration will be these terms hydration The word "hydrash" is also written in Bengali as "water". What happens when you mix it with water? The more hydrated he is, the more Degree of hydration High degree of hydration or hydration The higher the level, the higher the hydration level. Its hydration energy is high. Its hydration

26:28 High energy And above all, its hydrate radius is also high. Will be. So many points but in the same place It has stopped. But why did I write so many times? You know? Because any of your questions Can give. Who made you more hydrated? You can ask that. More hydration Which is small in size. The smaller he is, the more Hydration will do. Who can tell you? High hydration levels? You will say that small The higher the hydration level, the higher it is. You Can you tell who has more hydration energy? You would say that the hydration of a small size High energy. Or hydration energy It can be expressed as enthalpy. To tell you Who has a higher hydrated redi? You They say the one with the small size is hydrated and ready. More. That is, when you came here

27:16 That's what you call ionic radius. But I wrote it like this or you Gas can be written in brackets with G. To explain through. Okay? But When you Hydrated Or I write hydration in English. I am writing the words "hydrated ready". Hydrated The radius can also be said like this. Hydrated Ready is asking and In that case, you must be in question. It was written that hydration results in What will be the trend or sequence of the radius? Or you will see the word Aquus next to the ion. Wrote it. Whenever he wrote Aquus, he meant You have to understand that lithium plus water surrounds Lithium after being accommodated after taking Plus Aqua has arrived. That is, this is

28:04 Radiostar is said to be hydrated. Ready. Okay? and lithium plus aqueous, Sodium Plus Aqueous, Potassium Plus Aqueous, rubidium plus aqueous and being Cesium Plus One. Okay? Well, this place is mine. I give you a boundary. Otherwise, it is difficult to understand. Will be. And what did we say here? As small as possible The larger the size, the more hydrated it will be. Then its hydrated radio will be higher. That is, we have a simple ionic radius I saw the order and it was the exact opposite order. We will look at the case of Hydrated Ready. And the very important part. In this place Important places from which questions arise Density may come and this hydration is happening.

28:52 Never say it won't come from somewhere else. It shouldn't be possible, but it's impossible from this point. It's possible that the same thing will happen. Even if they ask you for group two I'll just go to the group and write this much. I won't explain it then, the same thing will happen. There too, there too, beryllium two plus The smallest size is hydrated ready. The most and so decrees Okay, that's settled, now where are we? Let's go, where are we going now? Is the flame color flame test OK? Flame test it These different alkali metals There is a flame letter, you can make it heading. That's right, with Platinum War in Bengali. Those elements or their salts

29:38 Put it on the very tip of the platinum wire. Then he lights it in a Bunsen burner. Its color is visible and it is from here. We can identify them. So You can ask questions from here. Right. Is there? What color is lithium? Lithium, sodium, potassium, Rubidium, cesium. Lithium In this case, it is Garo Red. Okay? In the case of lithium, it is dark red. In the case of sodium, it is golden yellow. Golden yellow. Golden yellow. Okay? Golden yellow. Then in the case of potassium, purple is very The word light purple is written in the space. You won't have anything that doesn't have any problems. That which you read in confusion is right and when

30:26 When looking at rubidium, it is called reddish. Purple or purple-red, and reddish. Purple is the color you see in your father's color. It is roughly described as Light purple or a little deep purple? Does it have a reddish hue? Things are no better with cesium. It's written in purple too, so I wrote it correctly. There is a color like this, a little bit like this. It may be light over there, but keep this in mind. It will be golden yellow red purple purple meaning It's not purple with eggplant, it's okay, it's just a spoonful We're not talking about fried eggplant here, right? There is Okay, if this is clear, clear. They will say we will move forward.

31:12 Come on, come on. Next, we look at some points. Before Look at some of the points, these are the points It would have been a waste of time to write these or I If you say that, get out of your head. These two things are one. I write a lot. Time will pass and what will become of the two? It will go out of your head if I just say it. Let's go, it's okay to bring some notes. There is mention that metals are very soft. I gave you information that can be cut with a knife. What is flexible is what is not being said. It is true that metals are very soft in nature. There is and they are not immersed in kerosene. Either means sodium, these various elements I've worked with sodium in the lab before. Like being submerged in kerosene in the lab

31:59 are kept and they are highly reactive The activity of lithium is slightly lower but Their activity from the top to the bottom of the group It grows so much, it grows so much In terms of sodium, it also contains more sodium. If more is thrown away, it becomes If the water is turned on, the water is fine. And if that thing is at the bottom of the group If it comes to cesium, it means If so, it would be a terrible thing because In the case of cesium, it catches fire. There is a possibility of an explosion, which means medium. The thing is, they are down group. The reactivity definitely increases a lot. "Towards water" means water. That's why they are treated so well. are stored separately and here There is a thing that lithium is lithium. But here the lightest metal is natural. Because the down group density is increasing. Who has the lowest density? Lithium

32:45 In case. He made a potash out of potassium. The matter has happened. Don't leave that out. But The lightest metal here is lithium. Light means its density is the lowest. Again Lithium has such a low density. Light metal that He can't be drowned in kerosene. He/She Floating in kerosene again. So usually It is wrapped in wax. In kerosene Floats. That's why you should wrap it in wax. This is it. I'm telling you these words if they're really interesting. If you feel it, tell me because these words If you don't read the lines aloud It's normal for everyone to feel bored at some point. It takes 90% percentage, maybe more. This is what maximum students think. The ones you can buy are my stories. If I'm a little interesting to you, I can represent where I understand.

33:30 You will understand but when you are told this Which one will not ask questions from the place? You can't put it in kerosene, understand, ma'am. I didn't know. There's no logic to this. So If you read that, you can. So he/she I am teaching. Where to teach lines I have added a little line as needed. Okay? I didn't pick up the whole book. And where exactly Concisely write pointwise and give concepts. It should be taught there. Okay? Well, this is another point. You will get questions from here. Let there be a book. To you. There is this question. Okay? Cesium remains liquid in the summer. In the summer, I mean in our country, in the summer. It is being said. Okay? In the case of cesium What we are seeing is that the melting point It is 302 Kelvin. If it were 302 Kelvin now

34:18 273 is only if you add 27 to it. It becomes 300. So here it is 28.5 degrees. Its melting point is around . That means You can understand that in our country, when it is hot, It goes to high temperatures. So this 30 It won't be possible if you get a degree. It is in liquid form. There will be. This is where the question comes from. You It will give you four options. What is happening all at once? What did I say? Down the Group Melting Their points and boiling points are decreasing. What is the consequence of the melting point decreasing? Happening? At room temperature, the Greeks It is liquid at room temperature. Staying. It will become liquid as you get closer to the bath. Because its melting point is lower. Right. Is there? When are classes? Today is now. Do it. Okay? Later Tuesday, Thursday It will happen again. This place is even more important now.

35:05 That place is what kind of degenerate religion they are. The question that may arise is that One is in the gaseous state, the other is in the aqueous state. The solution is two seemingly simple things. It's that you understand one thing, understand the concept. If I just read these and leave... Then you will have difficulty remembering that. That's why I'm talking so much about Lina, who is Rubici? We see, we see, as much as comes from above and below. The size is increasing and the ionization is increasing. Enthalpy is decreasing. Ionization enthalpy Decreasing means the outermost room. The electron is very easy to get from the electron. It is being removed. What does that mean? Metal It is very easy to remove the electron from

35:50 Going. Yes or no? When electrons are removed Then it is called oxidation. Yes or no? What is it called then? Oxidation is the cause. Or electrons coming from zero to plus one? Exclusion You change the oxidation number You can also say that you accept electrons. You can also say it with exclusion. Okay? Electron We call the process in which elimination occurs oxidation. I keep saying. So if you come down from above here Its tendency to oxidize is increasing. Because and You can easily remove the electron. Yes or no? He who is oxidized himself, oxidizes others. It degrades. He who is himself oxidized, he will oxidize others. Discard. It means it is oxidizing itself. This is actually a reducing agent and down the The lower the group ionization enthalpy, the The reducing property will increase. So

36:37 That's all we can say, what can we say? Cesium It is the most powerful repellent. And Lithium is relatively high. It means its ionization enthalpy is high. This There are more groups. The most in this group What is the ionization enthalpy? This group The highest ionization enthalpy is And the lowest ionization in this group Enthalpy is A. Okay? And then we would say that in the case of Compared to electron removal, of course It won't be convenient. So in this case if If your own oxidation is not good, then others will. You won't be able to do it well. So Just which one is the weakest repellent. I I explained it in a little detail. Hopefully this time I will remember. But it is in a gaseous state. What is seen in aqueous solution is

37:23 Lithium is the strongest oxidant. The ionization enthalpy of lithium is The most. I wrote it right away. But that Despite the fact that lithium plus in aqueous solution What does lithium mean? These things right now You won't understand. When I went to class Electrochemistry will be studied for a semester. Four. Then you will understand them. These Electric gate potential. Proof gate potential It is said. There is an electrochemical There is a series. Electrochemical class. If you have a little idea, you can read it in high school. Okay, let's show the reactivity of metals. I remember it being in an aqueous solution, no matter what. What happens with lithium is this: Its int value is int reduction value is int r The most negative in terms of value Above the electrochemical class

38:08 Negative lithium is then down as low as possible. The class series goes as positive as possible. The more it goes from zero to positive, the more The more negative it is, the more it will reject electrons. The less power he has, the more he says, one minute. Yes, the electron rejection ability is low. He tends to get discouraged when it comes to series. It means that the tendency to accept electrons increases. It will increase, okay, so what does that mean? It has a high tendency to withdraw electrons. Low reduction tendency to accept electrons Is the process gain of electricity okay? In that case we will see that in the case of Upward means upwards of this class. Those that remain are good disinfectants. Works as. So that's why lithium The most powerful oxidant is an aqueous solution.

38:55 I gave you the explanation so you can understand the explanation. There may be difficulties. Why? Because you Electrochemical series still in details I didn't read it. What is the difference between electric field and electric potential? The idea is not yet complete. But that's not all. Keep in mind that lithium dissolves in water. The most powerful disinfectant. But Is cesium the weakest? No, no, not at all. Sodium becomes weak, sodium becomes weak. What is he doing, being the weakest bastard? If so, the trend for the rest of us is How is it that the sodium is the lowest but What happens next? Then comes the degradation. Religion is slowly increasing, I mean. Potassium is being replaced by sodium. Rubidium Cesium Only Lithium This is all that is being said here.

39:41 As in the case of this, in the case of these two What do we see if I am in both cases? I'll write you the order for these two. In this case and in these two cases, it In this case, we saw that lithium is the most Weak then comes sodium potassium. Rubidium cesium and its case I just picked up the lithium and brought it here. I installed the rest but it's the same age. There are these two places, but in the head It is understood that you have to keep these two, yes or no. But you have to keep in mind each place. From place to place, every one is different. It may come from somewhere, but even if you say so What is important is important. Look, it's cleared, so many

40:28 We see important places as notes. This time we will proceed slowly. Where are we now? Chemical Properties Slowly move towards it. Okay, a little. Let's see the question. Two questions. Give it to me or I won't like it. Yes, but A bag full of many things. Okay? So Let's go. Tell me. You see, I told you that. I am teaching you that as a question. Will appear in front. Tell me, what will happen?

41:26 Rinku said she didn't understand the phone. I said lithium is moving forward. The explanation of the electrochemical series I gave it to you, did you still have the details? You haven't read. That's why I said Keep this in mind, no matter how much water is in the solution Lithium plus lithium ion case Let the enthalpy of that group be high. But In the case of lithium in aqueous solution We prove that the value of the reduction potential is the highest I see the negative. So lithium is a good reducing agent. Works as a product. It means its oxidation. There is a high tendency to occur. So that himself He who is himself corrupted will corrupt others. So it is a waste product. Okay? Oxidation Not happening. Talking about being oxidized. In general

42:12 The tendency of metal or metal is To remove electrons. Non-metallic tendency It is to accept electrons. So, Likena. The lichen has become Lichen rubicis. Okay? This is called the ionization enthalpy of metals. There is no exceptional story here. Say it. Is this the ionization enthalpy of alkali metals? Sodium is no different. Contains lithium Contains sodium Potassium There is rubidium, there is down the group, we

42:57 What I see is that the size increase means ionization. Enthalpy decrease is this order then Decline means sodium will come after lithium. Lithium is more abundant than sodium. Potassium Rubidium Option C is coming This is not option C, this is Sion saying. Okay. This is not a mirror, this is talking about enthalpy. It's okay. Okay, let me tell you this. I see questions based on what I have read. Okay, okay, questions like this will come. Hydration of alkali metal ions What did I say is the correct order of enthalpy?

43:44 Hydration enthalpy can give hydration Hydrated Ready can give you a degree of Can be given with hydration in any way Maybe, but all the worries are here and now. There is no writing, there is no writing, it means Don't be afraid, I told you so too, but Each of you means something small so that no All without any errors or loopholes Please clarify if anyone cares. Listen to me read and you will understand. I told you that if you write a lot of questions, Write a question and it will be read. Write A. I didn't write anything. He writes like this. Come on. There's no need for so much excitement. Even if you don't write A, you can still talk about hydration enthalpy. Saying. How much energy does after hydration mean? Will it be released? Who will be more hydrated? The question has been asked. So lithium, Sodium, potassium, rubidium, Cesium option D is correct. Okay and

44:32 There's something else, yes, let's go or I'll read it. We can still do this because we I've just read the Fajans Rule. I wasn't saying that the Ionic character is a covalent bond. etc. This question is your chemical Bonding can also come from and I I did it because covalent bonds are ionic bonds. Rule we got chemical bonding okay So here is the sequence of covalent characters cation But the fix here is the cation fixed then Here the anion is deferring. Who is Anion? Is there? F minus C minus BR minus I minus. So what are we looking at here? Down the group, down the group, this Nayan The size is increasing. In the case of anion But in the case of anayon, the larger the size, the

45:21 The higher its polarizability Will be. That means there will be more polarization. That's it. It can be distorted more. The larger the size of the anion The cation will be very easily confirmed. You can do it. That is, covalent character The more cations there are, the larger the size of the anion. The smaller the size, the larger the size of the aron. Right. Is there? Clear Yes or no? Being a Covenant Character More. The smaller the cation, the larger the size. If the covalent character is greater. That's it. taught us and here we are I see the cation is fixed so we have We have to go towards Anion, so who is Anion? The sequence of covalent characters in the case is said to be

46:07 But the most or the least to say is the order If you say so, then in this case, the most Then this happens, then this happens. Then it becomes LE, now the next option. If nothing is given, then it might be a written question. He was moving to MSCU, what will he do here? Hey, I'm fine. Hey hey hey sir, is it true? Yes Or did someone open an account in the name of Sir? It's hard to understand anything these days. Okay, whatever happens, then it happens.

46:54 What is the order of social character? Will it be? Who has more covalent character? Will it be? Look, it's not about order here, more or less. Said. I have written the sequence. Here is no I didn't decide on the option. You are the order. Surely you understand. Okay. Okay. Okay, sir. I will talk. Yes, it was not done. Really, sir? This. Look at this. Okay. Come on. Come on, come on, come on, come on. Come on, let's go now. Let's go now. Reacts with oxygen so I I have proven to you that what It will come from where I am teaching, okay? Is the brother from there in the assembly?

47:41 Brother, you are going to take the semester exams. You're nervous about leaving this place. It will come from there, okay? Okay, then what about oxygen? What are we seeing in the reaction with oxygen? We react with oxygen. Here's a good thing from here. The question is very important, yes, a little. Star mark it, star mark it a little. It's okay. That is it. We will see lithium with oxygen. Generally, all oxides react. It's a type of oxide, everyone. Can do it, but specifically lithium When lithium forms oxide

48:28 Tendency to form common oxides Or is it? What is lithium monoxide doing to make A2? It's working fine for lithium then. Will we see this in the case of lithium? We will see that lithium is a compound of oxygen. Reacting with ordinary people to create elites Oxide or monoxide is a common oxide. Or what do we call it? I'm talking about monoxide. Okay? Monoxide. What is this? This is happening. Lithium Monoxide. This is lithium. Monoxide. Okay?

49:15 Well, now that I see it, now that I see it, M Plus oats Sodium. Okay? Sodium is usually Making peroxide. If these are M2 now If you ask me to balance, I will balance. Can go. There is nothing wrong with that. But this I want to waste time with balance. No. Is A2 okay? What are we looking at here? Here we see peroxide being formed. Like what are we looking at here? We are watching. Sodium peroxide. Sodium peroxide And when we see M plus Ot here The remaining members are the remaining members.

50:01 There is Potassium Rubidium Cesium Tara M2 is forming a type of oxide which is Take superoxide as we see it. I show you potassium. What we see in the case of potassium is that Here is Kate being made, what is this? Superoxide is superoxide right? This is very, very important. Places are yes and not only What is the replacement for this metal potassium? May contain potassium. Rubidium may contain cesium Maybe we saw sodium here. Lithium So this place is very Please mark this as important. The place is very, very important. What is it here? It is being said Class XI Semester One

50:46 Preparations are underway with oxygen. The oxides of this group react Lithium is commonly found In the case of carbon monoxide, sodium Super for peroxide and the rest Oxides are visible. Next Important If it's common oxide, it means oats. Minus. That is, oxygen in this oxide The oxidation state is minus two. Usually Where oxygen forms oxides The oxidation number of oxygen is Minnesota. And when we look at peroxide When it is being made, we see a complete minus. That means the proxy linkage will be there and Each oxygen will show minus one. So it means Oat minus peroxide. Showing the minus one oxidation state. When we see superoxide, we see

51:34 Minus means it has two oxygens. Minus one potassium sodium lithium They have the same oxidation state throughout their lives. I'll show you that's a plus. Oxidation state. But what change do they have? It won't happen. Those who are in Group One The plus one oxidation state will be shown. and Minus half for superoxide Oxygen shows its oxidation state. How will you calculate it? Potassium Plus One. You don't know about oxygen. Two There is two e x. Overall, you will score zero. X is equal to minus, we'll halve it here. But this is very important. That super How many oxidation states does an oxide have? Many people consider oxygen to be minus two. Calculates potassium. Okay? Those Absolutely impossible. Absolutely. Okay. Right.

52:20 Yes. Okay. Okay. Understood. Understood? Hey brother Is the AC on? Are you standing? What Know? Come on. Understood? Is this place cleared? This I will tell you when the place is clear. Okay? Come on. Next is where we are going. Sold with hydrogen. Hydrogen When we see the sale. This is here. It's done. Now we are talking about hydrogen. I went to the market with it. Hydrogen We are seeing metal plus in the sale with It is H2. From here to here

53:09 It is called metal hydride MH. If you want to balance, here's two. I didn't write the balances here. For example, if you write two, your balance will be Okay, you have to write something here. No, you have to be a little understanding here. If you write two, you will have to write four here. Okay, but you can go here and write two. Okay, there's no point in balancing this, let's go. I'll say it again. I'll say it again. Reaction with hydrogen I won't say it again with oxygen. Look at the reaction with oxygen. In the reaction, we see that sodium is also But it can also be oxide, but These oxides generally tend to form I have a question, you will understand. What kind of question is this? It's a straight snake.

53:56 I read that, the question is solved, hydride Look, if metal is in plus one, and this When hydrogen reacts with metal it does not form But here it is hydrogen minus one. There is. Where is the problem actually happening? This You know about oxidation. Because the year before last, when The previous year means before the semester. S block and P block were studied last. That means Redox would have become Fedox. This time oxidation You could learn to calculate oxidation numbers in reduction. Student. What would have happened if that had happened? These things It would have been easier to understand. But what is now You didn't have to do it after the semester. That For Hydrogen is present in all compounds containing hydrogen. Plus one shows oxidation state. Except metal hydrides and we have this What I'm giving at the moment is also metal. Hydrated. Okay? Listen carefully.

54:43 Stay. Those doubts are cleared later. It will be done. Because we will come to the question, right? I will answer the same question. Or else Remind me again. I Is that okay? When you cross this No, remember it this way. This is there. This is it plus one and hydride. That means there's hydrogen minus one here. So you cross like this in very small classes. Learn to speak. It's an M-type metal hydride, okay? Now let's see who we'll find here. We use metal hydrides as metal hydrides. When lithium is in place, lithium will be Hydride we are sodium hydride we are Potassium hydride we rubidium Hydride We will get cesium hydride and

55:29 Down the group we will see that the same here Things contain hydrides. So here Lithium is a small-sized cation. Covalent in the case of lithium hydride Religion is high and down group Ionian religion Will increase. Ionian religion increases or ionic character increases. Ionian religion grows. What else is there to do? Religion increases, degradation increases. What else increases thermal stability? Keep the three points in mind. Yes, but I'm teaching very haphazardly. No, to keep all things in one place I'm trying to get questions from these three. What kind of question can I ask, madam? Let's go for a sample. We have samples with us.

56:17 But we still have a long way to go. I couldn't, yes, please cooperate with me. If you don't understand, try to understand a little. There's nothing I can do, but I'll still say something. We have to go at speed. Okay, where did the question go? It's lost. If I lose, I can't do anything now. Look at this. Check this out. Says lithium sodium potassium Okay. Yes, when metal meets metal, With lithium sodium potassium Combustion in the presence of excess air Which is the main oxide? When we talk about oxides, we think of lithium.

57:04 In the case of potassium monoxide In the case of superoxide and sodium Just because peroxide is available doesn't mean it's not. This is not correct, this is not sodium. In the case of peroxide, we will see these three cancels. In the case of potassium, superoxide then We got option D correct option D Correct Yes, if you join now, you will understand which It's been done before, see you later. Okay. Okay, another question, now you understand. Now that you understand the matter, tell me, ma'am. I don't understand oxidation numbers in general. Oxidation redox is now taught in redox Don't understand, I'll explain. Oxides are generally various forms of oxygen.

57:51 Mites appear there by creating oxides But if different oxides mean here Peroxide is a common oxide, but But when it produces peroxide, it Minus one shows minus in peroxide. One shows minus half in superoxide and If you want to calculate that, overall, if any If the compound has no charge, then it is zero. Potassium always shows plus one. I don't know about oxygen, but there are two. So, the plastic is here now. If you calculate x from , you get minus Hi, you will get it. That is, this is the oxidation number. Diagnosis formula. Okay? I have written everything down. These are all. I came here after writing. Which one haven't you written yet? To say

58:37 You can't do this to me. Okay. Come on, tell me. Which of the alkali metals has a low melting point? Which of the following alkali metals is a cyclic compound? Can it melt when the temperature is 30 degrees? A Dad. Okay. When will superoxide occur? That's potassium. With. Keep that in mind. Super This is what happens when you write an example of an oxide. Will come. Where to get your superoxide This is what you will get. Okay? Come on, this is it. Keep it in mind. No problem. The general formula for superoxide is A2. Which is made with potassium. Just Did I write potassium or potassium?

59:23 Potassium Rubidium Cesium Below The radicals on the side show superoxide. Okay? It will take Redox next semester. Then You will see that they are clearing up. But This is all you will get. Yes, plus two for Group Two. The oxidation state seen melts at 30 degrees. Go sodium okay okay tell me this I haven't written a separate post yet, from here on out. I will tell you. Say it. What happens to lithium when it reacts with air? But if you look at this wind that is generated You can just say oxygen.

1:00:09 When lithium reacts with air, This wind is doing it right when it says it. When the wind says it, it means it's in the wind. You have to catch up with the oats and the oats. In the reaction with Et and nitrogen Lithium nitride is formed in reaction A3. Either write it this way or write it this way. I will balance it first, it is A3 and A3. is lithium nitrite where A3 Minus Nitride Compound Lithium Nitride is fine then with air What will be produced in the reaction A2 and A3? Option A is correct. Not only this, but this. Keep the question in mind and read it carefully. In the air, but in the interaction of the two,

1:00:55 Option A will be correct, that's all. How many questions do we ask ourselves about what we have read? I'll leave now, but the rest is up to us. I'll complete it soon, okay? If you understand the concept a little, First of all, you are studying block chemistry, right? You're a little bit stuck because before When did you not study block chemistry? You started with the block, okay? Why am I sitting here with a blank page? I react with halogens. When the reaction with halogens takes place Then what are we seeing in Dhar Metal Plus One? There will be halogen minus one. What do you get when you cross? M x means

1:01:40 Metal Plus X2 from here we are M I'm getting X, if you put this on, then that's it. So you get that here. Come on, take X and X, I'll take one, come on. LEB's LEI just asked them a question. Have we seen the covalent character? Down group we said the size of the anion The size of the anion is increasing. If the size of the group increases, then Its covalent character Will increase. Now I think of you like this. Can give. Suppose the halogen has been changed. What kind of feeling is that giving you? LE FF

1:02:28 KF RbF Cesium Fluoride. Okay? Everyone with Florin or you Can be given with chlorine. So here you are. Tell me you're not here for Florin. They can also give you chlorine if you give them. It's all me but in chemical bonding. I made you LE ACL KA RBCL You gave me cesium chloride, so tell me. In their case, there is no Ionian or Covalent religion. What will happen more or less towards the group? Oxidation number green, you're right, minus one. Usually Florins are always minus. One halogens are minus with these If you do one among yourselves, there is a plus. Maybe, but that needs to be seen now. No. So what are we seeing here? Fixed. That means lithium plus sodium. Plus potassium plus rubidium plus

1:03:14 This is what we are seeing. Then What are we looking at here? If you write these again You would think that everything is made up of ions. Going. I want to show you these. That's not it. What are we showing? We see that What is the size of the cation? What is the size of the cation? Happening? The down group is increasing. Then Covalent cations increase in size The character will decrease. In these two articles Don't get confused. Keep in mind that this is anion. Size. This is the size of a cation. Cationic The smaller the size, the more polarizing it becomes. The higher the power polarization capacity. Then its covalent character The more covalent character there will be.

1:04:01 But here then in the case of covalent More character. In this case, covalent Religion is more. There is more of a syncretic religion. How many more? Can you write it with? And Lea is a little too enthusiastic. Type. It means he is more hydrated. There is. Because lithium plus Hydration is high. I said that. Right. Is there? Did he understand? Cleared? Cleared? Next, okay, now we're leaving. I will go to this place. Something important. Something else important I will see things. Reaction with water. I I have already said that it is mixed with water. Reactivity is much higher. With water Reactivity is high. What is happening here? Why? More and more hydrogen is being produced here.

1:04:46 Yes. And hydrogen is very strong. Okay? That's why the more down the group comes, the more Reactivity is gone. Then the activation What will be the order? Reacts with water Sodium is more than lithium. Then They are potassium, rubidium, and cesium. So the reactivity in reaction with water Down the group continues to increase. This It is the order of activity. Liquid ammonia Solution. It doesn't usually come true. But Questions may come up even after moving on to MCQs. I saw a few questions at the bank. Although there are many places where several questions There are some that may not be in the syllabus. There are many questions like this. So whatever I do I won't go into that topic again. What I'm saying How much liquid ammonia will you remember in the solution? I have also written the sale here. Metal X plus Y Ammonia X

1:05:32 Plus it's written that way. Okay? To illustrate that ammoniated Going. A solution that is available in liquid form It is forming a solution in ammonia. Which is becoming ammoniated. And By releasing the electron, the electron Shown in an unamoniated state. But Make a note of what you need to keep in mind. Make a note of that. Before. Alkali metals are liquids. The solution that is formed when ammonia is added is Blue color. What color is this a question? It may come. Is there electrical conductivity? Yes shows paramagnetism. Paramagnetic. Okay? And that solution is strong. It is destructive. Then the liquid is at this same point. Will repeat. In Group Two. I will not write anymore.

1:06:18 I'm telling you to write it down. Same in Group Two The point will be repeated. If liquid ammonia is given The solution found in alkali metals It is blue. That is strong. Works as a disinfectant. That's electricity. It is conductive. It is paramagnetic. Shows behavior. and the concentration of the solution If increased, then blue color It changes to a copper bronze color and From paramagnetic to diamagnetic It's done. That is, if the solution is concentrated That is, by increasing the concentration of the solution Copper is bronze in color and Becomes diamagnetic. That's all here. Keep track of the points. And these two

1:07:04 Point. Alkali metals are metal amides. Creates. Hydrogen comes out with it. Going to wake up. This is a metal amide. This is by forming metal amides. Whose Is the signal A2 A2 OK? But particular Be particularly careful with lithium. One minute, particularly with lithium. Produces lithium imide, i.e. lithium imide Here I have to keep in mind here I Tell me, I understand this place. The others are making this A2 type and this Other alkali metals This is written as other We see that the alkali metals Et is making lithium imide made from amide

1:07:51 This is very important to ask you. Could lithium liquid react like this? Which of the following produces you different It will give you options but you will have to use lithium. In this case, others should keep this in mind. This point should also be kept in mind in this case. Okay. Okay, next. This time we are with this water. These are the sales we got. Directly here with mineral water This hydroxide is being formed by the reaction I saw this too and here we see that Oxides react with water. Hydroxide is being produced. This is the middle. The hydroxides we are talking about We will discuss these a little. That I will discuss this on a separate page. Here again I will. First, see what the oxides are doing.

1:08:36 Okay? Oxide of alkali metal Monoxides are white ions. Solids dissolve in alkaline water. Forms metal hydroxides and metal The formation of hydroxide means that it is It will give a minus, which means it is definitely alkaline. The character will show Oich Minus Donating It means he is showing basic nature so The oxides are basic in nature and That's why we get their hydroxide in water. Peroxides are strong oxidants. Works as. Because they are with water. On sale Hydroxide is being produced. With him H2 is being created. Superoxides again Acts as a more powerful oxidant Does. Because they react with water. Hydroxide is being produced. H2 creation

1:09:24 Doing. Oxygen is also being produced along with it. This What is this point? General

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