0:03 foreign of the seven wonders of the world that has survived to this day they call it the great one which seems quite fitting the scale is truly breathtaking it's 146 meters 479 feet high it consists of two million three hundred thousand stone blocks some of them weigh about 50 tons higher structure weighs about 6 million tons it's like 16 empire state buildings
0:50 combined all this was done by people who didn't know the wheel for 38th centuries it held the status of the tallest building on earth and it Remains the most mysterious building even now there are so many Mysteries fantasies and conjectures surrounding it because it's very ancient even its inscriptions were deciphered almost by pure luck otherwise there would be much more secrets and Fantasies this is the Pyramid of kiops
1:36 it was built with amazing precision perimeter of its base divided by twice its height gives the number pi to the nearest thousandth try it yourself on a calculator it's impressive definitely this wasn't a coincidence since the proportion would have been different if the ancient Egyptians had made the pyramid higher or lower by just a meter and this was done by people so long ago that no one even heard of the village that would later become Rome by the way we greatly underestimate the pyramid's age due to our perception of the distant past take the last queen of Egypt the
2:23 legendary Cleopatra she was born in 69 BC that is 2090 years ago or 2091. whatever we involuntarily perceive her as the same age as the pyramids she was the Queen of Egypt after all but the construction of the Great Pyramid ended around 2540 BC and it started 20 years earlier that is almost 2 500 years before Cleopatra was born just think about it for Cleopatra the Pyramid of key Ops was more ancient than Cleopatra herself for you and me doesn't
3:08 this blow your mind therefore we perceive many things about the great pyramid's internal structure as something bizarre and mysterious precisely because we are so far from fully understanding how people of that era lived thought and what they were driven by but somehow we still need to satisfy our boundless curiosity in this video you'll find out what's inside and under the Egyptian pyramids what unusual things were recently discovered there where are the Priceless artifacts and the pharaoh's body and so much more what do the Egyptian pyramids hide
3:53 inside and under them thank you how can you get inside the pyramid initially there was only one entrance to the Great Pyramid the one made by the builders it's located on the North side 7.9 meters 25.92 feet east of the pyramid Center Line This distance is equal to 15 Royal Cupids the Egyptian measurement system was based on the proportions of the
4:40 human body the qubit was the main measurement unit and was equal to the distance from the elbow to the fingertips so the Builders of the pyramids applied the common qubit while the Royal Cubit was used to determine the size of the inner rooms with the Pharaoh's coffin but although this is the original entrance another one is used more commonly the so-called robber's tunnel such a strange name comes from the very nature of the passage it was built no one knows when by robbers who ransacked the tombs for centuries this happened thousands of years before Laura Croft scientists still haven't come to a
5:27 consensus on when and who got so confused as to gouge a passage as long as 27 meters 88.58 feet in solid Masonry the robbers tunnel ends with a junction there is a passage from the original entrance from above that goes down and an ascending passage going up so let's start our creepy walk with the ascending Passage why creepy because as soon as you go in the aisle it feels quite unpleasant and it's not about the curse of the Pharaohs or other mysticism it's just that the passage is narrow dark and stuffy the
6:16 air is stale and heavy in general it wouldn't appeal to impressionable people and those who have even the slightest claustrophobia issues another Junction lies 39.3 meters 128.94 feet away and has a horizontal passage and the entrance to the Grand Gallery let's go ahead first the atmosphere is the same cracked dark stuffy and gloomy but something special Waits For Us in the end the horizontal passage ends with the
7:02 Queen's tomb yes not only Pharaoh Khufu but also his wife was buried in the pyramid the Queen's chamber lies exactly in the middle between the pyramids northern and southern sides its dimensions are 10 cubits or 5.2 meters 17.06 feet from north to south and 11 cubits or 5.8 meters 19.03 feet from east to west has a gable roof 6.3 meters 20.67 feet high at the East End of the chamber there's a niche 4.7 meters
7:47 15.42 feet high it was originally about a meter deep but treasure Hunters have significantly deepened it in the hopes of finding something valuable [Applause] unfortunately if there was something valuable in the Queen's chamber then it was stolen by robbers long before Herodotus who was widely known as the father of History it's easy to understand robbers in those days even the pyramids look hinted at the innumerable treasures inside did you know that it didn't look even close to how it looks now the entire surface was covered with a smooth layer of dense
8:33 limestone in some spots you could still see its remains and at the very top of each pyramid there was a pyramidia a large pyramid-shaped Stone possibly covered with gold if there was gilding then the pyramidian Shone brightly in the sun's Rays crowning the Snow White pyramid and spreading the light of Pharaoh's greatness for tens of kilometers around this Splendor Even in our time would have dazzled anyone with its magnificence and Grandeur no wonder it attracted the Ancients so much
9:19 let's return to the junction and go up the ascending passage again in a few meters it connects to the Grand Gallery here you can finally feel lighter and breathe comfortably although the passage becomes slightly wider it already has an impressive height of 8.6 meters 28.22 feet in the grand Gallery we'll have to go 46.68 meters 153.15 feet up the slope walking all this distance and looking up you can see the strangely shaped walls in the corridor they seem to be tilted inward so that at the ceiling the grand
10:07 Gallery is only one meter wide in fact this didn't come from lack of consideration but on the contrary the utmost care during construction thus ancient engineers meticulously calculated the shape and laying sequence so that the pressure of a giant Stone Mass from above wouldn't break through the ceiling and block up the passage the grand Gallery ends with a small anti-chamber in front of the most important room the pharaoh's chamber was this place that caught the special attention of scientists and enthusiasts fascinated by the ancient Egyptian
10:53 civilization the king's chamber is the topmost of the pyramid's three main Chambers it is completely clad in Granite its dimensions are 10.5 meters from east to west and 5.2 meters from north to south the ceiling is flat the chamber about 5.8 meters high and is formed by nine stone slabs weighing in total about 400 tons the walls are made up of five rows of granite blocks there are no inscriptions which is typical for the burial chambers of the fourth Dynasty the stones are matched with high Precision facing
11:39 surfaces are cleaned with varying degrees of thoroughness the back sides of the blocks were only roughly hewed as was common with Egyptian Hearthstone facade blocks it was probably done to save effort and time the only object in the king's chamber is a sarcophagus made from a single hollowed-out Granite block when it was rediscovered in the Early Middle Ages it was already broken and empty all of its contents have been looted long ago if there was any content at all hang on a second what don't worry there are no conspiracy
12:24 theories Herodotus also claimed that the kiops pyramid was built in the pharaoh's honor but he wasn't buried in it there weren't found any funeral themed images or inscriptions on the walls of his burial chamber and in those days making such inscriptions in a room where no one was buried was considered great blasphemy many modern scientists follow this Theory believing that there are still rooms in the Great Pyramid that haven't been discovered and the pharaoh's body May rest in one of them and along with it the Priceless artifacts of an unimaginably ancient and amazing civilization and by the way the latest
13:11 Research indicates that all this may turn out to be not far from reality after all later in this video you'll find out what we are talking about despite slight frustration that naturally comes from seeing the gaping emptiness of the sarcophagus very few people remain disappointed when they get into the pharaoh's tomb touching such an unimaginable antiquity such an original and great civilization is bound to impress you but this isn't the end of our journey but only the beginning from the very top we still have to go down to the very bottom to do this let's
14:00 go back to the intersection and go further down the descending passage here you'd have to go the longest distance of 72 meters 236.22 feet what makes it special is that most of the way passes not in the pyramid but under it the passage is carved into the Limestone that served as the natural foundation for the Great Pyramid what waits for us down there is another mystery an unfinished chamber that is about 27 meters 88.58 feet below the level of the pyramid's base dimensions are approximately 8.4 meters
14:47 27.56 feet from north to south and 14.1 meters 46.26 feet from east to west it is about 4 meters 13.12 feet high the mystery is that the chamber isn't small and the passage is law thus the builders required a huge amount of effort and time to construct but in the end the chamber wasn't finished what could have gotten in the way and what was the chamber for there's no single answer to these questions in the scientific Community as this equation has too many unknowns
15:34 many researchers stick to the simplest theories completely devoid of mysticism or any pretentiousness for example a prominent egyptologist Chris Mountain told in an interview about his vision [Music] according to Mountain at first he thought that the chamber wasn't finished because it lost its purpose after the plan had changed Egyptian monuments were under construction for a very long time and often what happened was you'd get the king suddenly die then it would be a new king a new project and they would either dismantle it or build it over
16:20 I suspect they were not as bothered by something not being finished said the researcher although the underground chamber is rightly considered one of the most mysterious places in the Great Pyramid at least we can see and explore it but the studies of the next few years performed using the muon tomography method literally shocked the scientific community it turned out that inside the Pyramid of key Ops there is at least one large void that we haven't known about all this time in 2015 a high-tech and very promising
17:07 scanned pyramids project was launched scientists from universities of Nagoya Paris and Cairo were going to use special Cosmic particle detectors to find anomalies inside the pyramid you can Loosely compare this method with x-rays in the accessible spaces of the pyramid scientists placed special highly sensitive plates that registered massive particles called muons these particles arrive directly from outer space and Pierce The Pyramid through leaving a certain projection of the substance density on the detector plates and so in October 2017 the participants
17:54 of the scan pyramids project announced a sensational Discovery they managed to find several previously unknown voids in the pyramid at least one large cavity was clearly detectable it lies directly above the grand Gallery is at least 30 meters long and has the same width as the gallery they even began to speculate that these are the real tombs of the Pharaoh and his wife archaeologists and egyptologists flatly refused the idea accusing physicists of misinterpreting the data the experiments were replicated many times on different equipment by different teams the
18:41 Skeptics had to admit the great void undoubtedly exists unfortunately five years have passed since then with no further progress although back in 2017 this discovery seemed incredibly promising and exciting Chris downtown believes that much more can be found there than we know now including the pharaoh's remains unfortunately archaeologists cannot get inside the fact is that any attempt to go through the pyramid can cause irreparable damage and this of course will never be allowed by the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities
19:30 more Mysteries May lie not even in the Great Pyramid itself but in its vicinity and not on the surface but deep under the desert sands the topic first received the spotlight in the 21st century so in 2009 British Explorer Andrew Collins said that he had found a whole lost underground world of the Pharaohs that was never known before that's it no more no less he claimed that a huge system of caves Chambers and tunnels was hidden under the Pyramids of Giza a whole underground
20:17 complex inhabited by bats and poisonous spiders right in the Limestone under the pyramids there is untouched archeology down there as well as a delicate ecosystem that includes colonies of bats and a species of spider which we've tentatively identified as the White Widow Colin said the researcher didn't discover his find by chance and didn't stumble into it blindly his research was inspired by the Memoirs of the British Council General Henry salt in his work the Diplomat told how he and the Italian explorer Giovanni caviglia explored the underground system of the catacombs in Giza in 1817.
21:05 the document says that salt and caviglia were exploring the caves at a distance of several hundred yards when they came across four large rooms that led to further cave passages with the support of British egyptologists Nigel Skinner Simpson Collins reconstructed Salt's exploration of the plateau imagine his astonishment when he did eventually discover the entrance to the Lost catacombs in an apparently unknown tomb west of the Great Pyramid indeed the tomb had a crack in the rock that led into a massive natural cave we explored the caves before the air became too thin to continue they're
21:52 highly dangerous with unseen pits and Hollows colonies of bats and venomous spiders Colin said fortunately the researcher didn't provide clear evidence perhaps because of scrutiny reasons but other egyptologists Drew attention to the lack of specific facts criticizing Colin's findings Colin suggested that natural caves which are tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of years old could have inspired ancient Egyptians not only to develop the pyramids but also their very belief in the Underworld indeed Giza was known in Antiquity as
22:38 rostow which means mouth of the passages and it is believed that these passages led to the mysterious space underneath foreign ly a reference to the entrance to a Subterranean cave world one long rumored to exist beneath the plateau Collins told Discovery news quite expectedly Colin's statement caused a slight stir skepticism and even indignation in the egyptological community zahi hawas head of Egypt's High Council
23:25 of Antiquities flatly denied the discovery there are no new discoveries to be made at Giza we know everything about the plateau he said but Collins noted that after extensive research he found no modern mention of caves to the best of our knowledge nothing has ever been written or recorded about these caves since Salt's explorations if house does have any report related to these caves we have yet to see it Colin said however then the topic received little publicity and attention and everyone quickly forgot about it almost everyone
24:12 of course some enthusiasts continued their research and had to face some challenges along the way and not only because getting permission to access the non-tourist part of the pyramids in Giza is not an easy task [Music] so eight years after Collins recounts Dr Kathy J 40 a clinical psychologist and part-time fan of ancient Egypt took up studying the underworld Giza she and her colleagues still managed if not to confirm Colin's Discovery but at least find a lot of interesting things in the dungeons that no one had descended into for many many years
25:00 the goal of 40s expedition was to descend into deep Minds which weren't really a secret but didn't have particular publicity in popular sources it turned out that it's difficult to obtain permission to explore what's below the Giza Plateau negotiations to enter the hidden Minds began in 2017. according to Kathy at first the Egyptian authorities greeted the team with suspicion it took them a long time to figure out who they were what they wanted and how they even learned about the minds claimed that no one had been there for decades at first the 40 team was denied access but then they managed to get permission
25:48 by doing so Kathy unwittingly opened the way for other explorers proving that it's possible to get into the dungeons at least on paper and this isn't strictly forbidden 40 tells how at 4 30 in the morning she along with her partner and a Giza Plateau inspector wandered through the desert sands to the mine entrance with some flashlights this was very serious and they were even accompanied by a military police escort they were led to a gloomy entrance with an iron gate the inspector advised them to be careful and said that the group should expect as many as three lower levels the farthest passages to the
26:34 water tunnels are over 125 feet 38 meters Underground [Music] the first level opened into a spacious but empty room the air felt stale and Dusty and the temperature was much warmer than outside due to poor ventilation the team continued their descent to the second floor which was the longest one and was poorly lit oddly enough the room was lit by a regular bulb hanging from the ceiling it looked very strange given the overall surroundings naturally the
27:22 Pharaohs didn't install the light bulb this was done many years ago by unknown workers and no one remembers what they were doing here the second room was a room with seven niches for seven large sarcophagi only two black Basalt and granite sarcophagi remained both were empty with heavy Lids a jar they must have weighed several tons where the rest of the heavy Lids are is still unclear although they may not have been there in the first place It is believed that this room was intended for the chosen ones the guards
28:07 who were usually the highest priests the room had large cavities in it were discovered in 1993 which is very recent by egyptological standards Iris mine itself was first discovered even earlier in 1933 to 1934 by the famous egyptologist Dr Salim Hassan claimed that the tomb dates back to the site period this is the 26th Dynasty which was around 600 BC and he called it the most unusual examples of this type of Tomb others dispute this day and believe that it goes back to even earlier times
28:53 at that time large-scale research involving Expeditions from several countries was conducted in Giza some of the described fines make us reconsider many ideas about what's under the pyramids in 1935 absolutely incredible stories followed a 10-year project of excavation and clearing the passageways an article published in the same year by Hamilton M Wright described vast man-made spaces beneath Giza the article said we've discovered a Subway used by the ancient Egyptians of five thousand years ago it passes beneath the causeway leading between the second pyramid and the Sphinx it provides a means of passing
29:39 under the causeway from the kiops pyramid to the Pyramid of kefiren from this Subway we have Unearthed a series of shafts leading down more than 125 feet with roomy courts and side Chambers like many other discoveries Egyptian authorities deny this information despite the pressing evidence [Music] let's go back to Kathy 40's Expedition the Last Frontier which she and her partner passed LED them to the last mine and here it became difficult to pass since the mine was flooded yes there was plenty of water in the Egyptian desert
30:26 right under the pyramid and it has been here for a very long time at least it's known that in 1934 the third chamber was already underwater Dr Saleem Hassan tried to clean the chamber but after four years of trying to pump it out the water level hadn't come down meaning that the source of water here is constant local authorities didn't provide any explanations it's difficult to suspect the Nile River as it's very far away group took water samples and the test results turned out to be quite interesting
31:11 the team ordered a series of tests from a certified water analyzing lab in California consultant chemists were also brought in to interpret the test results biggest surprise for the 40 group was the water salinity it turned out to be much higher than in the Nile River but also significantly lower than in the Mediterranean Sea where the Nile flows one might wonder how so the hypothesis that salts got into the water directly from the substance of the tunnel walls was disproven right away as The Rock composition was different so where did this salty water come from the researchers began to analyze the
31:59 location of the nearest water bodies but still came to the most obvious conclusion the only known lake with salt water in Egypt is Lake karoon which lies 20 kilometers Southwest of the Great Pyramids in prehistoric times it was a freshwater lake with an estimated area between 490 and 656 miles but Lake's surface lies 43 meters below sea level and covers an area of about 202 square kilometers we don't know exactly when the lake so radically changed its salinity and why this happened so here's another tidbit there is also a
32:44 complex of pyramids in kawara near the lake even in ancient Greek texts there were references to an underground complex in kawara that was called The Labyrinth and had about 12 large Halls oh Herodotus himself wrote that the labyrinths of kawara and the Giza Plateau are connected by underground tunnels this could well Explain the origin of the salt water in the Osiris mine at Giza and there is even evidence that the mines near Giza go farther than the known Chambers Dr Kathy 40's Expedition discovered an entrance at the lower level presumably leading to other
33:29 tunnels the research reports from the 30s contain the same information but this unfortunately is as far as the answers go ocean authorities are extremely reluctant to give access to such mysterious places the reasons are incomprehensible and can be anything from mystical and religious to purely utilitarian and political there is an opinion that the Egyptian authorities have a good reason not to open this Pandora's Box where people may find something that will undermine established ideas about the history of Egyptian culture and people don't need to know about it
34:14 but if and when the restrictions are lifted and the many kilometers of the ancient underground Subway Network are actually discovered then one could only Envy the egyptologists of the future they will be literally swamped with a tsunami of new absolutely mind-blowing discoveries
